A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degrading strain and its potential of degrading phenanthrene in various enhanced systems / 生物工程学报

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of common environmental pollutants that pose threats to human health. In this study, a mesophilic bacterial strain CFP312 (grown at 15-37 °C, optimal at 30 °C) was isolated from PAHs-contaminated soil samples. It was identified as Moraxella sp. by morphological observation, physiological and biochemical test, and 16S rRNA gene phylogeny analysis. This is the first reported PAHs degrading strains in Moraxella. Degradation analysis showed that 84% and 90% of the loaded phenanthrene (400 mg/L) were degraded within 48 h and 60 h, and the degradation rates reached 1.21 and 1.29 mg/(L·h), respectively. During the degradation of phenanthrene, phenanthrene-3,4-dihydrodiol was detected as an intermediate. Based on this, it was proposed that double oxygenation at the positions 3 and 4 of phenanthrene was the first step of biodegradation. Adaptability of strain CFP312 to different enhanced phenanthrene-degradation systems was tested in aqueous-organic system, micellar aqueous system, and cloud point system. Strain CFP312 showed good adaptability to different systems. In addition, the bacterium can rapidly degrade the phenanthrene in contaminated soil in slurry-aqueous system, indicating great potential in environmental remediation.

Composition analysis of Xueshuan Xinmaining Tablet in brain tissue of blood stasis rats / 中草药

Objective: To study the constituents and metabolites in rat brain after ig administration of Xueshuan Xinmaining Tablet (XXT) based on the serum medicinal chemistry. Methods: The acute blood stasis rat model was replicated by ice bath-adrenalin method, and XXT [1.4 (g∙kg-1∙d-1)] was administered orally for 8 d. The brain samples were collected and pretreated after ig administration for the last time. Then the absorbed prototype constituents and their metabolites in rats plasma were rapidly analyzed and identified by combination of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) and multivariate statistical analysis. Results: Finally, a total of 11 absorbed prototype constituents and three metabolites were identified, including phenanthrene, bufonis venenum oxadiene, and other structural types of compounds. These constituents absorbed into brain may be the potential bioactive components in XXT. Conclusion: The establishment of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS analysis method explained comprehensively the brain migration component of XXT, and provided scientific basis for clarifying its substance basis of pharmacodynamics of this large variety of Chinese medicine.

Simultaneous detection of 3 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the air of workplace by high performance liquid chromatography / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for simultaneous detection of 3 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) including phenanthrene,anthracene and 3,4-benzo( a) pyrene in workplace air by high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC). METHODS: The phenanthrene,anthracene and 3,4-benzo( a) pyrene were collected in the air of the workplace using glass fiber filter paper. The membrane sample was added with 5. 00 m L of acetone,and the samples were extracted by ultrasonic wave for 70 mintues and eluted with acetonitrile-water gradient. Liquid chromatography-UV detector with tandem fluorescence detector was used for determination. RESULTS: The good linearity rang of phenanthrene,anthracene and 3,4-benzo( a) pyrene was 0. 050-1. 000 mg/L with the correlation coefficients ≥0. 999 5; the detection limits were 0. 010,0. 007 and 0. 008 mg/L,and the minimum detectable concentrations were 0. 130,0. 090 and 0. 110μg/m3 respectively( air collection of 375 L). The desorption efficiencies were 86. 10%-99. 20% of phenanthrene,88. 60%-96. 40% of anthracene,and 84. 80%-99. 60% of 3,4-benzo( a) pyrene,respectively. The within-run relative standard deviation( RSD) were 1. 29%-3. 25%,1. 90%-3. 61% and 1. 30%-4. 82% respectively,the between-run RSD were 2. 41%-4. 07%,2. 02%-5. 12% and 2. 08%-4. 77% respectively. The standard recovery rates were 95. 00%-106. 14% of phenanthrene,93. 14%-106. 50% of anthracene, and 92. 86%-105. 50% of 3,4-benzo( a) pyrene,respectively. The samples could be stored at 4 ℃ for 7 days. CONCLUSION: This method is simple,accurate and reliable for the simultaneous detection of phenanthrene,anthracene and 3,4-benzo( a) pyrene in the air of workplace.

Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of pseudo phosphorous stem of Cremastra appendiculata / 中草药

Pseudo phosphorous stem of Cremastra appendiculata (Suanpanqi) is one of Shaanxi Qiyao with regional characteristics. As a clinical antitumor drug, it has been highly concerned in recent years. Suanpanqi mainly contains phenanthrene, dihydrophenanthrene, bibenzyl, flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids, and other chemical components with antitumor, antibacterial, anti-angiogenic, antihypertensive, and other pharmacological activities. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Suanpanqi at home and abroad in order to provide a scientific basis of its efficitive material basis, so as to further promote the value of development and utilization of plant resources in China.

Antitumor Phenanthrene Constituents of Dendrobium nobile / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the antitumor phenanthrene constituents in Dendrobium nobile.METHODS: A variety of chromatographic techniques were applied to extract, isolate and purify natural products from extract of Dendrobium nobile, their structures were identified on the basis of spectral data. The antitumor activity of these monomers in MCF-7 breast cancer cells was studied by MTT assay in vitro. RESULTS: Nine compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate part in Dendrobium nobile, there were four phenanthrene compounds, which were densiflorol B(1), cypripedin(2), moscatin(3) and 2,4,8-trimethoxy phenanthrene-3,7-diol(4); three coumarin compounds: coumarin(5), moellendorffiline(6) and isopimpinellin(7); one flavanoid: naringenin(8); one phenol: (E)-4-(2-methoxyvinyl) benzene-1,2-diol(9). Compounds 1-3 had good antitumor activities, their IC50 values were 2.99, 5.01 and 72.68 μmol•L-1 respectively. CONCLUSION: The compounds 6, 7, 9 are isolated from the Orchidaceae family for the first time, compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 8 are isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1-3 can be used as candidates for anti-tumor drugs.

Aislamiento e identificación de levaduras degradadoras de hidrocarburos aromáticos, presentes en tanques de gasolina de vehículos urbanos / Isolation and identification of aromatic hydrocarbon degrading yeasts present in gasoline tanks of urbans vehicles

RESUMEN Se obtuvieron aislamientos de levaduras a partir de muéstreos en tanques de combustible de vehículos urbanos, con el objeto de evaluar su potencial actividad de degradación de hidrocarburos aromáticos derivados del petróleo. Se realizaron ensayos de crecimiento en medio mínimo mineral sólido utilizando distintos hidrocarburos (benceno, tolueno, naftaleno, fenantreno, y pireno). Los aislamientos que presentaron crecimiento notorio en alguno de los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos fueron identificados mediante secuenciación Sanger de los marcadores moleculares ITS1 e ITS2 del ARNr. Se obtuvieron 16 aislados de levaduras, de las cuales tres presentaron crecimiento conspicuo con hidrocarburos aromáticos como única fuente de carbono. Las cepas identificadas pertenecen al género Rhodotorula y corresponden a las especies Rhodotorula calyptogenae (99,8% de identidad) y Rhodotorula dairenensis (99,8% de identidad). Dichas cepas presentaron crecimiento en benceno, tolueno, naftaleno, fenantreno. En este estudio se reporta por primera vez la presencia de levaduras del género Rhodotorula que habitan los ductos y tanques de gasolina de vehículos urbanos, así como su capacidad para utilizar distintos hidrocarburos aromáticos que son contaminantes para el medio ambiente. Estos resultados sugieren que dichas levaduras constituyen potenciales candidatos para la degradación de éstos compuestos, como parte de estrategias de biorremediación.

ABSTRACT Yeast isolates were obtained from fuel tanks of vehicles in order to assess their potential use in the degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Growth assays were performed in minimum mineral medium using different aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene) as the sole carbon source. Isolates that showed growth in any of the tested polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were identified by Sanger sequencing of the ITS1 and ITS2 rDNA molecular markers. A total of 16 yeasts strains were isolated, and three showed remarkable growth in media with aromatic hydrocarbons as the sole carbon source. These strains belong to the genus Rhodotorula, and correspond to the species Rhodotorula calyp-togenae (99,8% identity) and Rhodotorula dairenensis (99,8% identity). These strains grew in benzene, toluene, naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene. This study demonstrates for the first time that yeasts of the genus Rhodotorula inhabit pipelines and fuel tanks of vehicles and that remove aromatic hydrocarbons that are environmental pollutants. Our results suggest that these yeasts are potential candidates for aromatic hydrocarbon degradation as part of bioremediation strategies.

Tolerance to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) by filamentous fungi isolated from contaminated sediment in the Amazon region / Tolerância a Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos (HPAs) por fungos filamentosos isolados de sedimentos contaminados da região Amazônica

Tolerance to Polycyclic Hydrocarbons Aromatic (PAHs) is considered an important characteristic when assessing the bioremediation potential of microorganisms. Given this, the objective of this research was to assay filamentous fungi from the Amazon region, isolated from sediments with differents levels of contamination by PAHs, for tolerance to phenanthrene and pyrene. To achieve this, fungal cultures plugs (5 mm), obtained after 7 days growth, were transferred to petri dishes containing 20% Sabouraud dextrose agar medium, after surface innoculation with phenanthrene and pyrene crystals, separately. Radial mycelial growth was evaluated after 10 days at five different concentration levels for each contaminant and control group, all in triplicate for each treatment. Fungal growth and growth inhibition rates were calculated. The average growth of the colonies in each treatment was compared with one-way ANOVA, followed by a Tukey Test (p < 0,05). All fungi showed tolerant to phenanthrene and pyrene. However, Hypoxylon sp. showed the lowest growth inhibition rate and average growth rates significantly different of the other six tested species. Hypoxylon sp. has been shown to be a promising genetic resource for use in new studies of PAHs degradation.

A tolerância a Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromática (HPAs) é considerada como uma característica importante na avaliação do potencial de micro-organismos para biorremediação. Diante disso, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar fungos filamentosos da região amazônica, isolados de sedimentos com diferentes níveis de contaminação por HPAs, quanto à tolerância ao fenantreno e pireno. Para tanto, discos das culturas fúngicas (5 mm), obtidas após 7 dias de crescimento, foram transferidas para placas de Petri contendo meio Agar Sabouraud Dextrose a 20%, após inoculação superficial com cristais de fenantreno e pireno, separadamente. O crescimento micelial radial foi avaliado após 10 dias em cinco concentrações diferentes para cada contaminante e grupo controle, ambos em triplicata para cada tratamento. As taxas de crescimento fúngico e de inibição de crescimento foram calculadas. O crescimento médio das colônias em cada tratamento foi comparado com ANOVA one way, seguido pelo teste de Tukey (p < 0,05). Todos os fungos mostraram tolerância ao fenantreno e ao pireno. No entanto, Hypoxylon sp. apresentou menor taxa de inibição de crescimento e taxas médias de crescimento significativamente diferentes das outras seis espécies testadas. Hypoxylon sp. tem se mostrado um recurso genético promissor para uso em novos estudos sobre degradação de HPAs.

A new phenanthrene from Dendrobium chrysanthum / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the phenanthrenes from chloroform fraction of Dendrobium chrysanthum. Methods: Several chromatographic methods such as Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC were applied to isolating and purifying compounds from the antihyperglycemic chloroform fraction of D. chrysanthum. Results: The structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data. Four compounds were isolated and identified as 2, 5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy- 9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene (1), 2, 4-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene (2), 2, 4, 5-trihydroxy-9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene (3), and loddigesiinol A (4). Conclusion: Compound 2 is a new phenanthrene, named as chrysanthin A. Compounds 1, 3, and 4 are isolated from D. chrysanthum for the first time.

Determination of Phenanthrenes in the Anxiolytic Fraction of Juncus effusus L. by QNMR / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for quantification of phenanthrenes in the anxiolytic fraction of Juncus effusus L by QNMR. METHODS: The analysis was conducted using terephthalic acid as an internal standard, the 5 mm SEI probe temperature was 298.2 K with NS=16 and d1=1 s. C4-H of dehydroeffusol, C4-H of effusol and C4-H juncusol peaks were chosen as the characteristic peaks. RESULTS: The contents of effusol, dehydroeffusol, juncusol and dehydrojuncusol were 338.75, 41.14 and 109.13 mg·g-1, respectively, by QNMR, and 340.87, 42.99, 107.73 and 9.561 mg·g-1, respectively, by HPLC. CONCLUSION: The determined contents of phenanthrenes by QNMR are in accordance with the results by HPLC, indicating that QNMR can be applied to determine phenanthrenes in the anxiolytic fraction of Juncus effusus L. QNMR is rapid, accurate, and does not need reference substances and complex sample preparation.

Chemical constituents from pseudobulb of Cremastra appendiculata / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the pseudobulbs of Cremastra appendiculata. Methods: The compounds were isolated by repeated column chromatography with silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS-HPLC. The structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) data. Results: Eleven compounds were isolated from the EtOAc extract in the pseudobulbs of C. appendiculata. Their structures were identified as 3,5,3'-trihydroxybibenzyl (1), 7-hydroxy-4- methoxy-phenanthrene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (2), lignan glycosides (3), ibotanolide A (4), 3,3'-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-2,4-di (p- hydroxybenzyl) bibenzy (5), 5,4'-bihydroxy-bibenzyl-3-O-β-D-glucoside (6), 3'-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4,5'-dihydroxy-3-methoxy- 1,2-diphenylethane (7), cirrhopetalanthin (8), 7-hydroxy-2-4-dimethoxy-phenanthrene (9), β-daucosterin (10), and p-hydroxy benzaldehyde (11). Conclusion: Compounds 3-7 are isolated from the pseudobulbs of C. appendiculata for the first time.

A new dihydrophenanthrene from Juncus setchuensis / 中草药

Objective: To study the phenanthrenes from the pith of Juncus setchuensis. Methods: The compounds were separated and purified by column chromatographies amd their structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic methods. Results: Five compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract from the pith of J. setchuensis, their structures were determined as 8-hydroxymethyl-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-vinyl-9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene (1), 4-ethenyl-9, 10-dihydro-1, 8-dimethyl-2, 7-phenan-threnediol (2), effusol (3), dehydroeffusol (4), and 4-ethenyl-9, 10-dihydro-7-hydroxy-8-methyl-1-phenanthrenecarboxylic acid (5). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new compound without literature report, named 8-hydroxymethyl-2-hydroxy-1-methyl-5-vinyl-9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene.

Recognition of anxiolytic constituents from Juncus effusus based on constituents knock-out technique / 中草药

Objective: To clarify the main anxiolytic components from Juncus effusus. Methods: Silica gel column chromatography was used to extract the stem pith of J. effuses by 80% ethanol. The ethy lacetate extracts of J. effuses by ultraphonic extraction were separated to be phenanthrene constituents, such as dehydroeffusol, effusol, dehydrojuncusol, and juncusol. The phenanthrenes were knocked out and the target phenanthrene constituents and negative samples were prepared. The anxiolytic effects of the two separated fractions and the whole extract were evaluated by elevated plus-maze test in mice. Results: In the elevated plus-maze test, phenanthrene constituents and the whole ethylacetate extract could significantly improve the time and number of times of mice into the open arms, without difference in the intensity of action, but no anxiolytic activity was shown in the negative sample. Conclusion: Phenanthrene constituents are the main anxiolytic components in J. effusus. Other constituents in the ethylacetate extract of J. effusus do not influence the anxiolytic effect of phenanthrene constituents.

Inhibition of advanced glycation end products formation by stilbene and phenanthrene derivatives from Prosthechea michuacana in vitro and in vivo / Inhibición de la formación de subproductos en la glicosilación avanzada por derivados de estilbeno y fenantreno de Prosthechea michuacana, in vitro e in vivo

In our previous study, we isolated from chloroform extract of the bulbs of orchid P. michuacana, three antioxidant compounds: two stilbene alpha-alpha´-dihydro, 3´,5´,2-trimethoxy-3-hydroxy-4-acetyl-4´-isopentenyl stilbene, 5-[2-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol (gigantol) and one phenanthrene 4,6,7-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-8-(methylbut-2-enylphenanthren-1-1´-4´,6´,7´-trihydroxy-2´-methoxy-8´-(methylbut-2´-enyl)-phenanthrene. Following the study, we investigated the ability of isolated compounds to inhibit advanced glycation in vitro. Bovine serum albumin was glycated in the presence of glucose or methylglyoxal. Amadori-rich protein was prepared by dialyzing lysozyme that had been glycated by ribose. We also evaluated renal function by checking formation of advanced glycation and tail tendon collagen quality in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Also determined the effect on LDL and hemoglobin. Compounds can efficiently inhibit the formation of AGEs by trapping reactive methylglyoxal and showed potent anti-Amadorin activity. Also exhibited a significant inhibitory activity on the glycated hemoglobin (GHb and HbA1c). Compounds showed a protective renal effect and reduction in mice tail tendon collagen. Also the tested compounds are potent agents for protecting LDL against oxidation and glycation. We concluded that compounds from P. michuacana are potent antiglycation agents, which can be of great value in the prevention of diabetic glycation-associated-pathogenesis.

En un estudio anterior, aislamos del extracto clorofórmico de los bulbos de la orquídea Prosthechea michuacana, tres compuestos antioxidantes: los estilbenos alfa-alfa´-dihidro, 3´,5´,2-trimethoxi-3-hidroxi-4-acetil-4´-isopentenil-stilbeno, 5-[2-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-methoxyphenol (gigantol) y el fenantreno 4,6,7-trihidroxi -2-methoxi-8-(metilbut-2-enilfenantren-1-1´-4´,6´,7´-trihidroxi-2´-metoxi-8´-(metilbut-2´-enil)-fenantreno. Continuando con el estudio, investigamos la capacidad de estos compuestos para inhibir la glicación avanzada in vitro. La seroalbúmina bovina se glicosiló en presencia de glucosa o metilglioxal. La reacción de Amadori se determinó con lisozima glicosilada previamente tratada con ribosa. También se evaluó la función renal mediante la formación de la glicación avanzada y la inhibición de AGEs en el ensayo sobre el colágeno del tendón de la cola en ratones con diabetes inducida con estreptozotocina. También determinamos el efecto de los compuestos aislados sobre LDL y hemoglobin. Los compuestos pueden inhibir eficazmente la formación de AGE atrapando el metilglioxal reactivo y muestran potente actividad anti Amadorin. También mostraron una actividad inhibitoria significativa en la formación de la hemoglobina glucosilada, GHB y HbA1c. Mostraron un efecto protector renal y una reducción en el colágeno glicosiladó del tendón de la cola. También estos compuestos son potentes agentes para la protección de LDL frente la oxidación y la glicación. En base a los resultados obtenidos se concluye que los compuestos aislados son potentes agentes antiglicación, que pueden ser de gran valor en la prevención de la patogénesis de la diabetes asociada a la glicación.

Efecto de la inoculación de la cepa Sphingomonas paucimobilis 20006FA sobre la composición de un consorcio bacteriano degradador de fenantreno / Effect of the inoculant strain Sphingomonas paucimobilis 20006FA on the bacterial composition of a phenanthrene-degrading consortium

Se estudió el efecto de la inoculación con la cepa Sphingomonas paucimobilis 20006FA sobre la composición bacteriana de un consorcio degradador de fenantreno en cultivos discontinuos (batch) con 8 repiques sucesivos. El consorcio original se obtuvo a partir de un suelo prístino. A los fines del estudio, se obtuvieron y mantuvieron dos consorcios: uno inoculado (F200+I) y otro sin inocular (F200). Se estudió la diversidad bacteriana de los consorcios mediante el análisis de microorganismos cultivables (por caracterización fenotípica y genotípica) y totales (por PCR-DGGE). A lo largo de los repiques sucesivos pudo observarse en ambos consorcios una tendencia a la pérdida de la capacidad degradadora de fenantreno, acompañada por una disminución de la diversidad bacteriana. Si bien la inoculación no produjo cambios significativos en la capacidad degradadora de fenantreno de los consorcios (29,9% para F200 y 27,6% para F200+I hacia el tercer repique), sí produjo cambios en la composición bacteriana, ya que los perfiles de DGGE revelaron una dinámica estructural diferente en el consorcio inoculado. En ambos consorcios se pudo observar la presencia de una banda intensa posicionada a la misma altura que el ADN del inóculo en el gel de DGGE; sin embargo, los cultivos aislados de los consorcios que presentaban idéntica posición de banda en el perfil PCR-DGGE que la cepa S. paucimobilis 20006FA mostraron baja similitud con la cepa inoculada mediante la técnica de RAPD.

The effect of the inoculant strain Sphingomonas paucimobilis 20006FA on the bacterial composition of a phenanthrene-degrading consortium obtained from a pristine soil in sequencing batch cultures was studied. Inoculated (F200+I) and non-inoculated (F200) phenanthrene-degrading consortia, were obtained. Bacterial diversity of consortia was studied at cultivable (phenotype and genotype characterization) and non-cultivable (PCR-DGGE) levels. During the successive cultures, a loss in the phenanthrene-degrading capacity and a decrease in the bacterial diversity were observed in both consortia. Although inoculation did not produce any significant changes in the consortia phenanthrene-degrading capacity (29.9% F200 and 27.6% F200+I), it did produce changes in the bacterial composition, showing a differential structural dynamics in the DGGE profiles of the inoculated consortium. In both consortia, a dominant band placed at the same position as that of the DNA of the inoculant strain in the DGGE gel could be observed. However, isolated cultures from the consortia which had an identical band position to that of S. paucimobilis 20006FA in the PCR-DGGE profile showed low similarity with respect to the inoculant strain (RAPD).

Plant-enhanced phenanthrene and pyrene biodegradation in acidic soil.

A study was undertaken to assess if corn plant (Zea may L.) may be able to enhance the degradation of phenanthrene and pyrene in acidic soil inoculated with a bacterial strain (Pseudomonas putida MUB1) capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Planting with corn, inoculating with MUB1, or a combination of the two were found to promote the degradation of phenanthrene and pyrene in acidic soil at different rates. In the presence of corn plants, the rates of phenanthrene and pyrene removal were 41.7 and 38.8% in the first 10 days, while the rates were 58.8 and 53.6%, respectively, in the treatment which received MUB1 only. After 60 days, the corn + MUB1 treatment led to the greatest reduction in both phenanthrene and pyrene biodegradation (89 and 88.2%, respectively). In control autoclaved soil, the rates of phenanthrene and pyrene removal were 14.2 and 28.7%, respectively, while in non-autoclaved soil, the rates were 68.7 and 53.2%, respectively. These results show that corn, which was previously shown to grow well in PAH-contaminated acidic soil, also can enhance PAH degradation in such soil. Inoculation with a known PAH degrader further enhanced PAH degradation in the presence of corn.

Changes of biomarkers with oral exposure to benzo(a)pyrene, phenanthrene and pyrene in rats

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants present in air and food. Among PAHs, benzo(a)pyrene(BaP), phenanthrene (PH) and pyrene (PY) are considered to be important for their toxicity or abundance. To investigate the changes of biomarkers after PAH exposure, rats were treated with BaP (150 microgram/kg) alone or with PH (4,300 microgram/kg) and PY (2,700 microgram/kg) (BPP group) by oral gavage once per day for 30 days. 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity in liver microsomal fraction was increased in only BaP groups. The highest concentration (34.5 ng/g) of BaP, was found in muscle of rats treated with BaP alone at 20 days of treatment; it was 23.6 ng/g in BPP treated rats at 30 days of treatment. The highest PH concentration was 47.1 ng/g in muscle and 118.8 ng/g in fat, and for PY it was 29.7 ng/g in muscle and 219.9 ng/g in fat, in BPP groups. In urine, 114-161 ng/ml 3-OH-PH was found, while PH was 41-69 ng/ml during treatment. 201-263 ng/ml 1-OH-PY was found, while PH was 9-17 ng/ml in urine. The level of PY, PH and their metabolites in urine was rapidly decreased after withdrawal of treatment. This study suggest that 1-OH-PY in urine is a sensitive biomarker for PAHs; it was the most highly detected marker among the three PAHs and their metabolites evaluated during the exposure period and for 14 days after withdrawal.

Studies on chemical constituents of Bletilla striata Ⅱ / 第二军医大学学报

Objective:To study the polar chemical constituents of Blettila striata(Thunb.) Reichb.f. Methods:The constituents in N-butanol moiety were separated and purified by column chromatography with silica gel and SephadexLH-20, and were identified by spectral analysis. Results:Five compounds were identified as: militarine(1);7-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenanthrene-2-O-?-D-glucoside(2);4-methoxyphenanthrene-2,7-O-?-D-diglucoside(3);7-hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyphenanthrene-3-O-glucoside(4);3′-hydroxy-5-methoxybibenzyl-3-O-?-glucopyranoside(5). Conclusion:Compound 1,5 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Advances in Mechanism of Microbial Degradation of Phenanthrene / 微生物学通报

This review is outlined in terms of the advances in mechanism about microbial degradation of phenanthrene. The degradation pathways of phenanthrene by bacteria and fungus , including aerobic and anaerobic conditions, are discussed respectively. Furthermore, both the enzymes involved in the reactions and the gene clusters encoding for the enzymes are summarized. The application of gene probe is introduced briefly. Based on the preliminary results of our laboratory, it is found that some questions should be taken into more consideration.

Study on chemical constituents of Bletilla striata(I) / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Bletilla striata (Thunb. ) Reichb. f. Methods: The con-stituents were separated and purified by column chromatography with silica gel and Sephadex LH-20,and were identified byspectral analysis. Results: Five compounds were identified as: 2, 7-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene (1), 2, 7-dihydroxy-3, 4-dimethoxyphenanthrene (2), 3, 7-dihydroxy-2, 4-dimethoxyphenanthrene (3 ), 3', 3--dihydroxy--5-methoxybiben-zyl(4), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5), Conclusion: Compound 2, 3, 4 are isolated from this plant for the first time.