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Objective To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of piperazine ferulate(PF)on acute kidney injury of rats with sepsis.Methods Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,low-dose PF group and high-dose PF group,with 6 rats in each group.The rats in the low-dose PF group and high-dose PF group were given 50 and 100 mg·kg-1 PF suspension by gavage every day for 7 days,respectively.The rats in the sham operation group and model group were given 9 g·L-1 sodium chloride solution(0.1 mL·kg-1)by gavage every day for 7 days.The rats in the sham operation group underwent cecal exploration and closed their stomachs without undergoing cecal ligation and perforation surgery.The rats in the model group,low-dose PF group and high-dose PF group underwent cecal ligation and perforation surgery to prepare the acute kidney injury models.At 24 hours after modeling,carotid artery blood of rats in each group was collected and the serum was separated.The levels of serum creatinine(Scr)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)were measured by biochemical methods,and the levels of neutrophil gelatinase related lipid transport protein(NGAL),interleukin-6(IL-6),and procalcitonin(PCT)were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The rats in each group were executed by decapitation,then the kidneys were taken.The pathological changes of the kidney tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The relative expression levels of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)and NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)in renal tissues were detected by Western blot method.Results The levels of Scr,BUN and serum NGAL,IL-6 and PCT of rats in the model group and low-dose PF group were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group(P＜0.05).The levels of Scr and serum PCT of rats in the high-dose PF group were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group(P＜0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of BUN and serum NGAL and IL-6 of rats between the high-dose PF group and the sham operation group(P＞0.05).The levels of Scr,BUN and serum NGAL,IL-6 and PCT of rats in the low-dose PF group and high-dose PF group were significantly lower than those in the model group(P＜0.05).The levels of Scr,BUN and serum NGAL,IL-6 and PCT of rats in the high-dose PF group were significantly lower than those in the low-dose PF group(P＜0.05).HE staining showed that there were no significant abnormal changes in the renal tissues of rats in the sham operation group.The renal tubular epithelial cells of rats in the model group showed significant swelling and degeneration,with a large amountof red staining in the cytoplasm;the renal tubular had congestion,degeneration,and necrosis,with a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrating the lumen,and cell proliferation in the mesangial-capillaries space.In the low dose PF group,some renal tubular epithelial cells of rats showed mild to moderate swelling,some renal tubular epithelial cells showed degenera-tion and necrosis,and no significant infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed.The renal tubular epithelial cells of rats in the high-dose PF group showed mild swelling,without significant degeneration,necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration.The levels of TLR4,NF-κB and NLRP3 protein in renal tissues of rats in the model group and low-dose PF group were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group(P＜0.05).The level of TLR4 protein in renal tissues of rats in the high-dose PF group was significantly higher than that in the sham operation group(P＜0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of NF-κB and NLRP3 protein in the renal tissues of rats between the high-dose PF group and sham operation group(P＞0.05).The levels of TLR4 and NLRP3 proteins in the renal tissues of rats in the low-dose PF group and high-dose PF group were significantly lower than those in the model group(P＜0.05);the level of NF-κB in renal tissues of rats in the high-dose PF group was significantly lower than that in the model group(P＜0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the level of NF-κB in renal tissues of rats between the low-dose PF group and model group(P＞0.05).The levels of TLR4 and NLRP3 proteins in tissues of rats in the high-dose PF group were significantly lower than those in the low-dose PF group(P＜0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the level of NF-κB in renal tissues of rats between the high-dose PF group and low-dose PF group(P＞0.05).Conclusion PF intervention can effectively reduce the levels of Scr,BUN and serum NGAL,IL-6 and PCT of rats with septic acute kidney injury,and play a certain protective role on the kidneys of rats with septic acute kidney injury;its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the expression levels of TLR4,NF-κB and NLRP3,thereby regulating TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) refers to the reperfusion injury caused by the recovery of blood supply of ischemic tissues or organs, which commonly occurs in organ transplantation and other surgical procedures. IRI may cause a series of severe clinical issues, such as delayed graft function, acute kidney injury, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and circulatory arrest, etc. These events yield high incidence and fatality. At present, no effective solution has been available. Transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6), a member of Ca2+ channel family, is highly expressed in multiple types of cells. It may adjust many physiological functions by regulating intracellular Ca2+ concentration, which has become an important target for developing therapeutic drugs for multiple diseases. In this article, research progresses on the introduction and function of TRPC6, the association between TRPC6 and IRI and the therapeutic prospect of TRPC6 targeted drugs in IRI were reviewed, aiming to provide novel insights into the prevention and treatment of IRI during organ transplantation
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Objective To investigate the effects of piperazine ferulate tablets combined with Huangqi injection on β2-microglobulin,NGAL and clinical efficacy in patients with acute renal failure.Methods A total of 56 patients with acute renal failure from June 2012 to October 2015 in our hospital were collected and randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group with 28 cases in each group.All patients before the treatment of conventional care,diuretics and vasodilators to increase the patient's serum protein and vitamins,so that patients with the body's pH,moisture and electrolyte balance,and gave hemodialysis and low molecular heparin anticoagulant therapy.Patients in the control group were treated on the base of the conventional therapy withastragalus injection 20mL/time,one time a day,intravenous drip,treatment of four weeks; patients in the experimental group were treated on the base of the control group with piperazine ferulate tablet 200mg/time,three times/day,treatment of four weeks.After treatment,compared patients' β2 microsphere protein,NGAL and KIM-1 levels.Results There was no significant difference in the survival rate between the two groups.Compared with before treatment,β2 microsphere protein,NGAL and KIM-1 levels in two groups were lower(P<0.05);Compared with control group,β2 microsphere protein,NGAL and KIM-1 levels in the experimental group were lower(P<0.05).Conclusion Piperazine ferulate tablets combine with astragalus injection in the treatment of patients with acute renal failure have a better clinical curative effect,speculate that the mechanism is relate to reduce β2 microsphere protein,NGAL and KIM-1 levels.
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Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of related substances in piperazine ferulate. Methods:An HPLC method was used to determine the related substances in piperazine ferulate. The separation was performed on an Xtimate C18 column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was 0. 5% acetic acid-methanol-acetonitrile with gradient elution. The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 and the column temperature was 30℃. The detection wavelength was 286 nm and the injection volume was 20μl. Results:Ferulic acid had a good linear relationship within the range of 5-30 μg·ml-1(r=1.0000). The detection limit was 0. 02 ng. Conclusion:The method is reliable, simple, accurate, stable and durable, and suitable for the determination of related sub-stances in piperazine ferulate.
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Objective:To establish a method for the determination of benzene, chlorine alcohol and pyridine residues in piperazine ferulate. Methods:GC was used with a DB-624 (30 m × 0. 53 mm, 1. 0 μm) elastic quartz capillary column. The flame ionization detector was used with nitrogen as the carrier gas. The initial temperature was 50℃, maintaining for 5 min, and raised to 80℃ at the rate of 10℃·min-1 , and then raised to 200℃ at the rate of 50℃·min-1 , and maintaining for 4 minutes. The inlet temperature was 200℃, and the detector temperature was 220℃. The split ratio was 1 ∶1 and the injection volume was 1μl. The flow rate was 3 ml· min-1. Results:The linear range of benzene was 0.16-0.96 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 5), the average recovery was 95.7% (RSD =2.1, n=9), and the detection limit was 0.16 ng. The linear range of chlorine alcohol was 16.11-96.65 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 7), the average recovery was 97. 8% (RSD=2. 1, n=9), and the detection limit was 0. 62 ng. The linear range of pyridine was 15. 87-95. 23 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 8), the average recovery was 99. 2% (RSD=1. 3, n=9), and the detection limit was 0. 15 ng. Con-clusion:The method is reliable, simple, accurate and stable, and suitable for the determination of benzene, chlorine alcohol and pyri-dine residues in piperazine ferulate.
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A rapid analysis method of piperazine ferulate tablets by optic-fiber sensing technology with UV-vis absorption spectrum was established.Qualitative and quantitative data were obtained and compared by maximum and minimum wavelength,absorbance and contrast spectra.Similarity method was used to identify authenticity of drugs.The difference of contents measured by this method and UV determination method in China Pharmacopoeia showed no statistical significance (P＞0.05),while the similarity can be used as a parameter to identify the authenticity of drugs.
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AIM:To investigate the therapeutic protective effects and function regulations of conventional antidiabetic treatment plus piperazine ferulate tablet on traumatic vascular endothelial cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS:80 patients were randomly divided into the treating group(n=37)and the control group(n=43).Conventional antidiabetic treatment plus piperazine ferulate was given to the treating group,and the control group was treated with conventional antidiabetic treatment plus vitamin C every day,and all the patients were treated with 4 weeks.The levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG),glycosylated hemoglobin A1C(Hb A1C),circulating endothelial cell(CEC),serum lipid peroxide(LPO),endothelin(ET)、nitric oxide(NO),tissue-plasminogen activator(t-PA)were determined during the therapeutic period.RESULTS:After 4 weeks of treatment,the levels of serum CEC,LPO and ET were lower in the treating group than those in the control group(P