Educación, generosidad, ecología y silencio: hacia una didáctica de la salud y el bienestar en las aulas del siglo XXI / Education, Generosity, Ecology and Silence: Towards an Education for Health and Wellbeing in the Classrooms of the 21st Century

Resumen Con el presente artículo, pretendemos adentrarnos en la reflexión de cómo diversos aspectos tales como la generosidad, la ecología y el silencio pueden impactar positivamente en los discentes de nuestros sistemas educativos. Se propone, por tanto, una manera de mirar el mundo con atención y cuidado. A través de las intervenciones didácticas de los docentes, se puede incidir de manera directa en los discentes como "usuarios" del mundo como seres sociales para mantener una influencia im- portante en el futuro de nuestro planeta y de nuestras sociedades. Al fin y al cabo, el docente, como elemento activo de los contenidos educativos, puede contribuir de manera consciente para mejorar la salud social y el bienestar de las comunidades humanas en nuestra época. Por tanto, resulta esencial que los procesos didácticos respondan a unos diseños que se centren en aspectos que redundarán en mejores individuos, mejores sistemas sociales y una ecología más equilibrada para todos.

Abstract: With the present paper, we intend to reflect on how aspects such as generosity, ecology and silence can have a positive impact on the students within our educational systems. A way to look at the world with care and attention is thus proposed. Through the teaching interventions carried out, the teachers can intervene in the learners as "users" of the world, as social beings, and therefore have an important influence on the future of our planet and our societies. In the end, the teacher, as an active element in the educational contents, can contribute in a conscious way to improve the social health and the wellbeing of the human communities in our age. Therefore, it is essential for the teaching processes to account for aspects which will create better individuals, better social systems and a more balanced ecology for everybody.

Automated Systems and Trust: Mineworkers' Trust in Proximity Detection Systems for Mobile Machines

BACKGROUND: Collisions involving workers and mobile machines continue to be a major concern in underground coal mines. Over the last 30 years, these collisions have resulted in numerous injuries and fatalities. Recently, the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) proposed a rule that would require mines to equip mobile machines with proximity detection systems (PDSs) (systems designed for automated collision avoidance). Even though this regulation has not been enacted, some mines have installed PDSs on their scoops and hauling machines. However, early implementation of PDSs has introduced a variety of safety concerns. Past findings show that workers' trust can affect technology integration and influence unsafe use of automated technologies.METHODS: Using a mixed-methods approach, the present study explores the effect that factors such as mine of employment, age, experience, and system type have on workers' trust in PDSs for mobile machines. The study also explores how workers are trained on PDSs and how this training influences trust.RESULTS: The study resulted in three major findings. First, the mine of employment had a significant influence on workers' trust in mobile PDSs. Second, hands-on and classroom training was the most common types of training. Finally, over 70% of workers are trained on the system by the mine compared with 36% trained by the system manufacturer.CONCLUSION: The influence of workers' mine of employment on trust in PDSs may indicate that practitioners and researchers may need to give the organizational and physical characteristics of each mine careful consideration to ensure safe integration of automated systems.

Distancia entre la raíz palatina del primer molar superior permanente y el piso del seno maxilar, obtenida mediante tomografía computarizada cone beam / Distance between the palatal root of the first permanent upper molar to the floor of the maxillary sinus, obtained by cone beam computed tomography

El conocimiento de las relaciones anatómicas entre el piso del seno maxilar y los ápices de dientes maxilares posteriores, es muy importante al planificar una terapia endodóntica o cirugías en molares maxilares. Este estudio tiene por objetivo, establecer la distancia existente entre el ápice de la raíz palatina del primer molar superior y el piso del seno maxilar, obtenida de una muestra de 61 tomografías volumétricas Cone beam. Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal, donde se procedió a medir la distancia entre el ápice de la raíz palatina del primer molar superior y el piso del seno maxilar en 61 tomografías volumétricas Cone Beam, obteniendo medidas de un total de 107 raíces palatinas de molares maxilares. Las imágenes fueron almacenadas en formato DICOM y analizadas con el software Sky View Dental Plan en un computador HP Compaq LA1951g Z600 y en su análisis estadístico se utilizó el Programa Stata 11.0. El promedio de distancia registrado entre el ápice de la raíz palatina del primer molar superior y el piso del seno maxilar fue de 1,2 mm. La mayor distancia fue de 12,5 mm y la menor de 0 mm. La medida de 0 mm se presentó en 48 casos y alcanzó al 44,9 % de la muestra. Es frecuente que los ápices radiculares se encuentren dentro del seno maxilar, condición que debe ser de conocimiento clínico, con el objetivo de prevenir al máximo accidentes y complicaciones en las terapias endodónticas.

The knowledge of the anatomical relationships between the floor of the maxillary sinus and the apices of the posterior maxillary teeth is very important when planning an endodontic therapy or surgeries in the area. The objective of this study is to establish the distance between the apex of the palatal root of the first maxillary molar and the floor of the maxillary sinus, in a sample of 61 cone-beam computed tomography. A crosssectional observational study was carried out. We proceeded to measure the distance between the apex of the palatal root of the first upper molar and the floor of the maxillary sinus in 61 conebeam computed tomography, obtaining measurements of a total of 107 first maxillary molar palatal roots. The images were stored in DICOM format and analyzed with the Sky View software and the Stata 11.0. for statistical analysis. The average distance recorded between the apex of the palatal root of the first upper molar and the floor of the maxillary sinus was 1.2 mm. The greatest distance was 12.5 mm and the smallest was 0 mm. The measurement of 0 mm was presented in 48 cases and reached 44.9 % of the sample. It is common for radicular apices to be located within the maxillary sinus. The clinician must know this condition to prevent accidents and complications in the endodontic therapies as much as possible.

La psiquiatría militar alemana en la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Artículo histórico / German military psychiatry in the Second World War. Historical article

Resumen Introducción La reacción de estrés de combate (REC), que hoy en día podría ser denominada «reacción a estrés agudo¼ (ICD-10), se refiere a una reacción de ansiedad transitoria en el soldado, la cual históricamente llevó a una incapacidad para afrontar la lucha de la guerra. La mayoría de los análisis militares, históricos y médicos de la actividad realizada por la Wehrmacht § en la Segunda Guerra Mundial reportan que no se presentaron serios problemas debido al «quiebre¼ por estrés. Las razones se fundamentan en la calidad excepcional y el liderazgo de las pequeñas unidades militares del ejército alemán. Sin embargo, con el paso de los años, ya no fue posible evitar el reporte de un elevado número de bajas secundarias a la REC, lo que ha puesto en duda el mito de la inmunidad del soldado alemán al estrés de la guerra. Conclusiones Al final de la WWII, la reacción de estrés de combate fue un tópico común en las guías oficiales. Los psiquiatras fueron quienes subestimaron de forma continua el papel de este trastorno en la Wehrmacht. La percepción generalizada de que la Wehrmacht no sufría los serios problemas del quiebre emocional en los soldados puede ser modificada hasta cierto punto.

Abstract Introduction Combat stress reaction (CSR), now called «acute stress reaction¼ (ICD-10), refers to a transient anxiety reaction in the soldier, which has historically led to an inability to face the struggle of war. Most military, historical and medical analyzes of the activity carried out by the Wehrmacht in World War II reported no serious problems due to stress. The reasons are based on the exceptional quality of the small military units and the leadership of the German Army. However, over the years, it was no longer possible to avoid reporting the high number of casualties secondary to combat stress reactions, which has cast doubt on the myth of the German soldiers' immunity to the stress of war. Conclusions At the end of WWII, the CSR was a common topic in official reports, meetings and guides. The psychiatrists who had the opportunity to report it were those who continuously underestimated the role of this stress disorder in the Wehrmacht. Thus, the widespread perception that the Wehrmacht did not suffer serious problems of emotional breakdown in soldiers, typical of combat stress, can be modified to some extent.

El VIH y la proximidad corporal. Sexo, amor y silencio entre varones gay / HIV e proximidade corporal. Sexo, amor e silêncio entre homens gay / HIV and corporal proximity. Sex, love and silence between gay men

Resumen Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio etnográfico que tuvo como objetivo central analizar los modos en que el vivir con VIH se entrecruza con normativas de valoración social que delinean posibilidades de la proximidad corporal. A partir de una serie de visitas que se hicieron en un lugar de encuentro sexual para varones gay denominado "las cabinas", y recurriendo a distintas narrativas sobre lo que significa ser gay y vivir con el virus, se analiza cómo la identidad se posiciona según conocimientos relativos al amor y el sexo. Se concluye que algunas de las formas en que los acercamientos y los distanciamientos afectivos, así como otros elementos que regulan la interacción sexual -como el silencio- coadyuvan a configurar la experiencia de vivir con VIH.

Resumo Apresentamos os resultados de um estudo etnográfico cujo objetivo principal foi analisar as formas pelas quais a convivência com o HIV interage com normas de valoração social que delineiam possibilidades de proximidade corporal. A partir de uma série de visitas que foram feitas em um local de encontro sexual de gays chamado de "las cabinas", e recorrendo a diferentes narrativas sobre o que significa ser gay e viver com o vírus, analisa-se como a identidade é posicionada de acordo com conhecimentos relacionados ao amor e ao sexo. Conclui-se que algumas das maneiras pelas quais abordagens e distanciamentos afetivos, bem como outros elementos que regulam a interação sexual -como o silêncio- ajudam a moldar a experiência de viver com HIV.

Abstract We present the results of an ethnographic study, which the main objective was to analyze the ways in which living with HIV is intertwined with norms of social valuation that delineate possibilities of corporal proximity. From a series of visits made to a place of sexual encounters for gay men called "las cabinas", and resorting to other narratives about what it means to be gay and live with the virus, it is analyzed how the identity is positioned according to knowledge related to love and sex. In conclusion, some of the ways in which affective approaches and distances, as well as other elements that regulate sexual interaction - such as silence - help to shape the experience of living with HIV.

Histomorphometric evaluation of the bone surrounding orthodontic miniscrews according to their adjacent root proximity / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to perform histomorphometric evaluations of the bone surrounding orthodontic miniscrews according to their proximity to the adjacent tooth roots in the posterior mandible of beagle dogs. METHODS: Four male beagle dogs were used for this study. Six orthodontic miniscrews were placed in the interradicular spaces in the posterior mandible of each dog (n = 24). The implanted miniscrews were classified into no loading, immediate loading, and delayed loading groups according to the loading time. At 6 weeks after screw placement, the animals were sacrificed, and tissue blocks including the miniscrews were harvested for histological examinations. After analysis of the histological sections, the miniscrews were categorized into three additional groups according to the root proximity: high root proximity, low root proximity, and safe distance groups. Differences in the bone–implant contact (BIC, %) among the root proximity groups and loading time groups were determined using statistical analyses. RESULTS: No BIC was observed within the bundle bone invaded by the miniscrew threads. Narrowing of the periodontal ligament space was observed in cases where the miniscrew threads touched the bundle bone. BIC (%) was significantly lower in the high root proximity group than in the low root proximity and safe distance groups. However, BIC (%) showed no significant differences among the loading time groups. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the loading time, the stability of an orthodontic miniscrew is decreased if it is in contact with the bundle bone as well as the adjacent tooth root.

Transformaciones en la matriz de protección Uruguaya a inicios del siglo XXI / Transformations in the Uruguayan protection matrix at the beginning of the 21st century

La matriz de protección social uruguaya implementada a inicios del siglo XX ha sido descripta como un sistema de políticas sociales fuertemente institucionalizado, estructurado sobre una base de prestaciones de carácter universal en educación y estratificada en materia sanitaria y de seguridad social, que tiende a cubrir a la mayoría de los sectores asalariados formales urbanos, con una incorporación tardía de los trabajadores rurales. Esta estructura de protección social ha sufrido un proceso de transformación que combina la intervención estatal con servicios semiprivatizados, focalizados y transitorios, así como otros que apelan a la configuración público-privada en su proceso de implementación. Para ello, entre otras acciones, se han diseñado y puesto en práctica, las propuestas programáticas caracterizadas por su intervención en «proximidad¼, sobre las que este estudio centra su análisis.

The Uruguayan social protection matrix implemented at the beginning of the 20th century has been described as a strongly institutionalized social policy system, structured on a universal basis in education and stratified in health and social security, which tends to cover the majority of urban salaried sectors, with a late incorporation of rural workers. This social protection structure has undergone a transformation process that combines state intervention with semi-privatized, focused and transient services, as well as others that appeal to the public-private configuration in its implementation process. To this end, among other actions, the programmatic proposals characterized by their intervention in «proximity¼ have been designed and put into practice, on which this study focuses its analysis.

Questões contemporâneas: proximidade e imagem, entre a ética e o gozo / Contemporary questions: proximity and image, between ethics and enjoyment / Cuestiones contemporáneas: proximidad y imagen, entre la ética y el goce

Em 1930, Freud afirmou que o laço social é a principal fonte de sofrimento para os homens. Vivemos hoje sob o domínio das redes sociais, da comunicação imediata que dispensa a presença do outro. Quais os efeitos disso no laço social? O advento da internet, ao prometer o acesso irrestrito ao outro, sem o ônus de sua presença, coloca em questão a proximidade e a imagem do outro, o que toca em um dos conceitos mais caros à psicanálise: o estranho (Unheimlich). Abordamos estas referências a partir de Freud e Lacan, dialogando com autores da Filosofia e da Sociologia. Em seu artigo intitulado A Coisa, Heidegger introduz uma discussão de ordem ética. A partir da ideia de que "a proximidade não é pouca distância" ele se pergunta: "O que é esta igualdade em que tudo não fica nem distante nem próximo, como se fosse sem distância?" Quando examinamos a noção de proximidade, a noção de corpo-imagem se impõe. Segundo Baudrillard, o sujeito é induzido a tratar seu corpo como capital e como fetiche, estabelecendo-se uma equivalência mágica entre comprar e sentir-se bem. O que tem a psicanálise a dizer sobre isto? Em 1972, Lacan formalizou o discurso capitalista, que foraclui o laço social e induz a práticas perversas que visam obturar a castração, prometendo um gozo sem limite e fora dos domínios da ética. (AU)

In 1930 Freud tells us that the social binding is the chief source of human suffering. We now live under the domination of the social nets, of immediate communication, that does not need the presence of the other. Which effects of this on social binding? The advent of the internet, since it promises the access to the other, without the burden of his/her presence, puts forward the notions of proximity and image of the other, and this leads us to one of the major and dearest concepts of psychoanalysis: the strange (Unheimlich). We seized those questions from the point of view of Freud and Lacan, to establish a dialogue with some authors from Philosophy and Sociology. In his article called The Thing, Heidegger introduces a question from the ethical point of view. He starts with the idea that "proximity is not the lack of distance", to ask "What is this equality in which everything does not keep distance nor gets close to, as if distance itself was not there?" When we examine closely the notion of proximity, the one of body image comes forward. Baudrillard says that the individual is induced to treat his own body as a source of capital or as a fetish, thus establishing a magical equivalence between buying and wellbeing. What does psychoanalysis have to say about all this? In 1972, Lacan establishes the capitalistic, that denies the social binding and induces the individual to perverted social practices, that aim to cover up castration, while promising boundless enjoyment, way from the limits of ethics. (AU)

En 1930, Freud dice que el lazo social es la fuente mayor del sufrimiento para los hombres. Nosotros vivimos hoy bajo la dominación de las redes sociales, de la comunicación inmediata, que no necesita la presencia del otro. Cuales serian los efectos que se podría causar en el lazo social? El adviento de la internet, en la medida en que promete el acceso inmediato al otro, sin el precio de su presencia, coloca en cuestión las nociones de proximidad y de la imagen del otro, y esto toca uno de los conceptos más caros al psicoanálisis: lo ominoso (Unheimlich). Vamos poner en discusión estas dos nociones, a partir de Freud y Lacan, dialogando con los autores de la Filosofía y de la Sociología. En su articulo La Cosa, Heidegger introduce una discusión de orden ética. Parte de la idea de que "la proximidad no es la poca distancia" para colocar la pregunta "Que cosa es esta igualdad en que todo no está ni distante, ni próximo, como si todo fuera sin distancia?" Cuando examinamos la noción de distancia, la noción de la imagen del cuerpo se impone. Segundo Baudrillard, el sujeto es inducido a tratar su cuerpo propio como capital o fetiche, estableciendo una equivalencia mágica entre el ato de comprar y su bien estar. Lo que tiene el psicoanálisis a decir de todo esto? En 1972, Lacan formalizó el discurso del capitalista, que hace la foraclusión del lazo social y induce al sujeto a prácticas sociales perversas, que tienen como objetivo obturar la castración, con la promesa de un goce sin limites y afuera de toda referencia ética. (AU)

Recurrent chromosomal translocations: Is proximity a rule.

The role of recurrent chromosomal translocations in pathogenesis is well characterized in many leukemia subtypes; however, the factors leading to such preferential gene fusions are yet to be understood. The proximity of the genetic regions is considered important for genetic exchange, and interphase molecular cytogenetic methods can be employed to measure the same. The interphase genomic location of gene pairs taking part in translocations which are non-randomly associated with leukemia subtypes was studied for the extent of proximity by measuring relative distance and radial location. The FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) signals corresponding to gene pairs were scored for relative distance and percentage of possible translocation pairs showing proximity which was found higher for BCR-ABL, PML-RARA and AML-ETO. The radial position of the gene pairs was also recorded to see if there is any preferred location in terms of nuclear centre or periphery for translocation partners. The results suggested no preferential location of any of the gene pairs in periphery or centre of the interphase nucleus, rather random distribution was observed for all the three cases. We report here the use of simple interphase FISH method to assess the interphase proximity of gene fusion pairs which can be further employed for other translocations.

Modelo de proximidad espacial para definir sitios de muestreo en redes urbanas de calidad de aire / A spatial proximity model to define monitoring sites in urban air quality networks / Modelo de proximidade espacial para definir áreas de amostragem em redes urbanas de qualidade do ar

Resumen Este artículo presenta un modelo de proximidad espacial a vías, usos industriales del suelo y zonas verdes para determinar concentraciones de material particulado y localizar sitios de monitoreo de calidad de aire en zonas urbanas. Se utilizan datos de concentración promedio mensual de PM10 (µgm/m3), medidos en nueve sitios de monitoreo en la ciudad de Medellín entre enero de 2003 y diciembre de 2008. Con estos datos se calculan mapas mensuales de concentración, usando métodos de interpolación geoestadísticos con semivariogramas J-Bessel que caracterizan espacialmente la concentración de PM10. Se calculan tres factores de proximidad espacial (a vías, a industrias y a zonas verdes) y uno combinado para multiplicarlos por los mapas de concentración. Con este resultado, se propone una red de sitios de monitoreo para Medellín. Las técnicas de análisis espacial y el modelo de proximidad permiten inspeccionar la distribución del contaminante sobre el territorio, resaltando el efecto de las intersecciones de las vías principales y las zonas industriales donde se dan las mayores concentraciones, y el efecto amortiguador de las zonas verdes. Esto complementa las disposiciones normativas existentes en Colombia para la definición de la ubicación de sitios de monitoreo en sistemas de vigilancia de la calidad del aire.

Abstract This paper presents a model of spatial proximity to roads, industrial uses of land and green areas, to determine concentrations of particulate matter and locate air quality monitoring sites in urban areas. The model uses monthly average concentration of PM10 (µgm/m3) measured at nine monitoring sites in the city of Medellin between January 2003 and December 2008. With these data, monthly maps were calculated using geostatistical interpolation methods with J-Bessel semivariograms to characterize the concentration of PM10. Three factors of spatial proximity (to main roads, industries and green areas) were calculated along with one combined factor. They were then multiplied by the concentration maps. With this result, a network of monitoring sites was proposed for Medellín. The Spatial analysis techniques and the proximity model allow for the assessment of the distribution of the contaminant on the territory, highlighting the effect of intersections and industrial areas on high concentrations and the dampening effect of green areas. This work may complement the existing regulatory provisions in Colombia for locating critical monitoring sites of the air quality surveillance systems.

Resumo Neste artigo se apresenta um modelo de proximidade espacial a vias, utilização industrial do solo e áreas verdes, para determinar concentrações de material particulado e localizar lugares de monitoração da qualidade do ar em áreas urbanas. Utilizam-se dados de concentração de média mensal de PM10 (µgm/m3), medidos em nove lugares de monitoração em Medellín, entre janeiro de 2003 e dezembro de 2008. Com estes dados calculam-se mapas mensais de concentração, utilizando métodos de interpolação geoestatísticos com semivariogramas J-bessel, caracterizando espacialmente a concentração de PM10. Calculam-se três fatores de proximidade espacial (a vias, as industrias e a áreas verdes), e um combinado para multiplicá-los nos mapas de concentração.Com este resultado, propõe-se uma rede de lugares de monitoração para Medellín. As técnicas de análise espacial e o modelo de proximidade permitem inspecionar a distribuição do poluente sobre o território, ressaltando o efeito das interseções das vias principais e as áreas industriais onde ficam as maiores concentrações, e o efeito amortecedor das áreas verdes. Isto complementa as disposições normativas que existem na Colômbia para a definição da localização de lugares de monitoração em sistemas de vigilância da qualidade do ar.

Developing a new index to assess varicella outbreak / 영남의대학술지

BACKGROUND: Varicella is the most common infectious disease reported despite the high vaccination rate. Interventions that target humans are particularly effective for varicella because humans are its only natural host. On the other hand, the existing national varicella surveillance systems lack the information to identify an outbreak. Therefore, a new index to assess varicella outbreaks was developed.METHODS: The residential addresses of 2,718 varicella cases reported in Daegu in 2016 were converted to geographic coordinates and the distances between new varicella case and previous cases within 21 days were calculated from the date analyzed. Two cases were considered to be adjacent if the distance between them was less than 1 km. Finally, a proximity index was introduced by dividing the number of adjacent cases by the number of new cases on the date analyzed.RESULTS: First, time-series charts and scatter plots were used to verify that the proximity index reflected the spatial closeness of the different varicella cases. The proximity index is helpful in identifying outbreaks from a list of single varicella cases. In addition, in this study, a new epidemic characteristic of varicella based on the proximity index was shown.CONCLUSION: The proximity index introduced in this study can be used to determine the likelihood of an outbreak from a single case of varicella, and it can be embedded in a web-based national varicella surveillance system that is currently in operation.

Developing a new index to assess varicella outbreak / 영남의대학술지

BACKGROUND: Varicella is the most common infectious disease reported despite the high vaccination rate. Interventions that target humans are particularly effective for varicella because humans are its only natural host. On the other hand, the existing national varicella surveillance systems lack the information to identify an outbreak. Therefore, a new index to assess varicella outbreaks was developed. METHODS: The residential addresses of 2,718 varicella cases reported in Daegu in 2016 were converted to geographic coordinates and the distances between new varicella case and previous cases within 21 days were calculated from the date analyzed. Two cases were considered to be adjacent if the distance between them was less than 1 km. Finally, a proximity index was introduced by dividing the number of adjacent cases by the number of new cases on the date analyzed. RESULTS: First, time-series charts and scatter plots were used to verify that the proximity index reflected the spatial closeness of the different varicella cases. The proximity index is helpful in identifying outbreaks from a list of single varicella cases. In addition, in this study, a new epidemic characteristic of varicella based on the proximity index was shown. CONCLUSION: The proximity index introduced in this study can be used to determine the likelihood of an outbreak from a single case of varicella, and it can be embedded in a web-based national varicella surveillance system that is currently in operation.

High salt diet enhances the physical coupling between TRPV4 and cPLA2 / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the physical coupling between transient receptor potential channel vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4 ) and cPLA2 in endothelial cells. Methods We investigated the physical association of TRPV4-cPLA2 coupling by immunofluorescence reso-nance energy transfer (immuno-FRET)to assess the spatial proximity between TRPV4 and cPLA2 in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC),primary cul-tured endothelial cells and in thoracic aortas rings from high salt-induced hypertension mice.Results At the cellular level,with high salt treatment,the physical in-teraction of TRPV4 and cPLA2 was significantly en-hanced in primary vascular endothelial cells and HMEC.Furthermore, in thoracic aortas rings from high salt-induced hypertension mice,we found an in-creases interaction between TRPV4 and cPLA2 in en-dothelial cells from arterial segments .Conclusion High-salt treatment increases the endothelial TRPV4-cPLA2 coupling,indicating that this coupling may pro-vide a new target for vascular endothelial dysfunction.

La proximidad en las políticas públicas: tensiones entre el abordaje de la vulnerabilidad social y la evidencia científica / A proximidade nas políticas públicas: tensões entre endereçamento vulnerabilidade social e evidência científica / The proximity public policies: tensions between the boarding of social vulnerability and scientifice vidence

En Uruguay se están implementando políticas de proximidad dirigidas a los sectores vulnerables. En el artículo que sigue presentamos una investigación desarrollada durante 2014 en la política Uruguay Crece Contigo. Realizamos una aproximación etnográfica a través de observación participante, registro en diario de campo y entrevistas semiestructuradas en la ciudad de Montevideo. Describimos lo prescritpto por la polìtica, caracterizamos la emergencia de la figura del operador de cercanía y la ubicamos en la red sociotécnica en la que participa. Concluimos que los operadores de cercanías son actores fundamentales en el relacionamiento del estado y los sectores vulnerables. En los dos niveles que implica la cercanía se ciernen los datos que se extraen de la política: la evidencia. En la retroalimentación de la evidencia a la política pública se relega la posibilidad de construir políticas que aborden de manera certera las condiciones de existencia de la población.

No Uruguai, as políticas de proximidade destinadas a sectores vulneráveis estão sendo implementadas. No artigo a seguir, apresentamos a pesquisa realizada durante 2014, em "O Uruguai Crece Contigo" (Uruguai cresce com você). Realizamos uma abordagem etnográfica através da observação participante, diários de campo e entrevistas semi-estruturadas, na cidade de Montevidéu. Nós descrevemos o que é prescrito pela política, caracterizando o surgimento da figura do operador de proximidade e localizamos este valor em uma rede sócio-técnica em que participa. Conclui-se que os operadores locais são actores fundamentais no relacionamento entre os setores estaduais e vulneráveis da população. Em ambos os níveis, envolvendo a proximidade, os dados são extraídos da política: as evidencias. No retorno das evidências para a ordem pública relega a possibilidade de construir políticas que tratem de forma precisa as condições de vida da população.

In Uruguay, policies aimed at proximity to vulnerable sectors are being implemented. In the following article we present research conducted during 2014 in "Uruguay Crece Contigo" (Uruguay grows with you). We conducted an ethnographic approach through participant observation, field journaling and semistructured interviews in the city of Montevideo. We describe what is prescribed by politics, characterizing the emergence of the figure of the proximity operator and we located this figure whitin a socio-technical network in which it participates. We conclude that local operators are key players in the relationship between the state and vulnerable sectors of the population. At both levels involving proximity, data is extracted from the policy: the evidence. In the feedback of evidence to public policy relegates the possibility of building policies that address in an accurate way the living conditions of the population.

Los límites de la asistencia: análisis del programa social uruguayo “Cercanías” / The limits of assistance: an analysis of the Uruguayan social program “Cercanías”

Resumen: El artículo constituye un análisis de un programa asistencial uruguayo conformado por un dispositivo de cercanía e instrumentado por organizaciones de la sociedad civil, cuyo objetivo es el acompañamiento de los núcleos de convivencia para gestionar las situaciones conflictivas asociadas a la extrema pobreza y la indigencia mediante la vinculación y derivación a otras políticas sociales existentes y al mercado de trabajo.

Abstract: The article constitutes an analysis of a Uruguayan social program conformed by a system of proximity implemented by organizations of civil society, whose objective is the support of vulnerable families to manage with conflicting situations associated with the extreme poverty by means of entailment and derivation to other existing social policies and the labor market.

Trajetória de feirantes idosos: relações de proximidade, corpo e trabalho / Trajectories of elderly fair dealers: relations of proximity, body and work

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de discutir as múltiplas concepções de trabalho, corpo e envelhecimento através das relações de proximidade firmadas na trajetória de feirantes idosos da feira de Delmiro Gouveia-AL. A pesquisa foi realizada sob o viés quali-quantitativo. Os dados foram obtidos através de pesquisa de campo, com as técnicas questionários e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. O estudo demonstrou ser necessário desprender do olhar ora físico ou simplesmente social para mostrar que as trajetórias de vida desses sujeitos estão firmadas pelas relações de proximidade, desde as ordens produtivo-econômicas às de natureza social e política, que permitem sua reprodução social.

This article aims to discuss the many conceptions of work, body and aging through the relations of proximity consolidated in the trajectory of elderly fair dealers from Delmiro Gouveia fair in Alagoas. The research was conducted in a qualitative and quantitative way. The data were obtained through field research with aid by techniques question and semi-structured interviews. The research demonstrated the need to loosen the view sometimes physical, sometimes merely social to show that the life trajectories of these subjects are surrounded by relations of proximity, from the productive-economic orders to the social and political ones, which allow their social reproduction.

Pré-aposentadoria: um desafio a ser enfrentado / Pre-retirement: a challenge to be faced

O objetivo deste artigo é investigar as repercussões da proximidade da aposentadoria sobre a subjetividade, bem como o papel do psicólogo nesse processo, através dos resultados de uma pesquisa de campo qualitativa desenvolvida com pessoas em fase depré aposentadoria utilizando como instrumento a entrevista focalizada. Considera-se importante este estudo para a Psicologia por possibilitar a construção de uma visão crítica sobre o papel do psicólogo na preparação do sujeito para sua aposentadoria. Através da análise da pesquisa de campo, constatou-se que os sujeitos que estãopróximos à aposentadoria enfrentam sentimentos de medo e insegurança e, muitas vezes, desejam continuar trabalhando. Além disso, demonstrou que o pré-aposentado não se conforma com a aproximação da velhice. Percebeu-se, ainda, que a fase da pré aposentadoria é um momento oportuno para reflexão e planejamento de novos projetos para o futuro.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of the retirement proximity on the workers’ subjectivity and the psychologist’s role in this process, through the results of a qualitative field research conducted with people in pre-retirement condition using as aninstrument to interview focused. This study is considered important to Psychology area because it fosters the development of a critical view on the psychologist’s role in preparing workers for their retirement. Through the analysis of the fieldwork, we havefound out that workers who are close to retirement face feelings like fear and insecurity and often desire to continue working. In addition, this study has demonstrated that preretiredworkers do not face the approaching of old age. We have also noticed that thepre-retirement phase is an opportune time for reflection and for planning new projects for the future.

Studies of base pair sequence effects on DNA solvation based on all-atom molecular dynamics simulations.

Detailed analyses of the sequence-dependent solvation and ion atmosphere of DNA are presented based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on all the 136 unique tetranucleotide steps obtained by the ABC consortium using the AMBER suite of programs. Significant sequence effects on solvation and ion localization were observed in these simulations. The results were compared to essentially all known experimental data on the subject. Proximity analysis was employed to highlight the sequence dependent differences in solvation and ion localization properties in the grooves of DNA. Comparison of theMD-calculated DNA structure with canonical A- and B-forms supports the idea that the G/Crich sequences are closer to canonical A- than B-form structures, while the reverse is true for the poly A sequences, with the exception of the alternating ATAT sequence. Analysis of hydration density maps reveals that the flexibility of solute molecule has a significant effect on the nature of observed hydration. Energetic analysis of solute–solvent interactions based on proximity analysis of solvent reveals that the GC or CG base pairs interactmore strongly with watermolecules in the minor groove of DNA that the AT or TA base pairs, while the interactions of the AT or TA pairs in the major groove are stronger than those of the GC or CG pairs. Computation of solvent-accessible surface area of the nucleotide units in the simulated trajectories reveals that the similarity with results derived from analysis of a database of crystallographic structures is excellent. TheMD trajectories tend to followManning’s counterion condensation theory, presenting a region of condensed counterions within a radius of about 17 Å from the DNA surface independent of sequence. The GC and CG pairs tend to associate with cations in the major groove of the DNA structure to a greater extent than the AT and TA pairs. Cation association is more frequent in the minor groove of AT than the GC pairs. In general, the observed water and ion atmosphere around the DNA sequences is the MD simulation is in good agreement with experimental observations.

Denkerfahrung und Erfahrungsdenken Eine Begegnung zwischen Heidegger und Nishida / The experience of thinking and thinking about experience: An encounter between Heidegger and Nishida / A experiência do pensmento e o pensamento da experiência: um encontro entre Heidegger e Nishida

Ähnlich wie Heideggers Denken für die deutsche und europäische Philosophie, so erwies sich auch Nishidas Denken für die japanisch-ostasiatische Philosophie im 20. Jahrhundert als wegweisend. Anhand beider philosophischer Ansätze möchte ich eine Begegnung bzwe. ein Zwiegespräch zwischen "Denkerfahrung" und "Erfahrungsdenken" vorschlagen, worin einerseits Entsprechungen, andererseits auch Unterschiede zwischen westlicher und ostasiatischer Philosophie zum Vorschein kommen. Hierzu werde ich im ersten Abschnitt die jeweilige "Erfahrungsgrundierung des Denkens" von beiden zum Thema machen, wobei sich dies auf deren frühe Ansätze bezieht. Mit dem "Ereignisdenken" Heideggers und Nishidas "Ortlogik" möchte ich sodann im zweiten Abschnitt das Spezifische der "Kehre" bei Heidegger sowie das Besondere der "Wende" bei Nishida etwas näher herausarbeiten, um daran auch den überaus produktiven Einfluss beider für den west-östlichen Dialog aufzuzeigen.

Nishida is as much a reference for the Japanese-oriental philosophy of the twentieth century as Heidegger is a reference for the German-European philosophy. Based on these two philosophical perspectives, we suggest an encounter or a dialogue between the "experience of thinking" and "thinking about experience" to highlight, on one hand, the similarities and, on the other hand, the differences between Western and Eastern philosophy. We therefore first address the "basis of the experience of thinking" in both authors. Later, we take a deeper look at Heidegger's "thinking the event" and Nishida's "logic of the place" which are respectively called the "turn" and the "change" and then show the productive influence of both authors on the dialogue between Western and Eastern thought.

Nishida é uma referência para a filosofia japonesa-oriental do século XX, assim como Heidegger para a filosofia alemã-europeia. Tomando como base essas duas perspectivas filosóficas, gostaria de propor um encontro, ou seja, um diálogo entre "experiência do pensar” e "pensar da experiência”, no qual veem à tona, por um lado, proximidades e, por outros, diferenças entre a filosofia ocidental e oriental. Para isso pretendo tratar, em primeiro momento, da "fundamentação da experiência do pensamento” nos dois autores. Posteriormente, proponho-me a analisar com mais proximidade o "pensar do acontecimento” de Heidegger e a "lógica do lugar” de Nishida que, respectivamente, são denominados de a "virada” e a "mudança”, e daí mostrar a produtiva influência dos dois para o diálogo entre o pensamento ocidental e oriental.

La metáfora de no-lugar / The noplace metaaphor

El propósito del escrito consiste en explorar la metáfora levinasiana del no-lugar, precisar sus sentidos y evaluar críticamente su pertinencia en el ámbito de las reflexiones contemporáneas. Para ello, contextualizaremos la propuesta levinasiana en torno al no-lugar, especialmente bajo los conceptos de sensibilidad, proximidad e infinito; reconstruiremos algunas de las críticas de Levinas a lo que denominamos: "filosofías del regreso a casa"; y, finalmente, sugeriremos algunos aspectos en los cuales las tesis del filósofo judío podrían hacerse pertinentes. Este último propósito lo acompañaremos con una investigación social adelantada al respecto.

The purpose of this writing is to explore the Levinasian no-place metaphor, in order to clarify its meanings as well as to critically evaluate its pertinence under the light of contemporary reflections. In order to do this, we will contextualize the Levinasian proposal around the no-place, especially under the concepts of sensitivity, proximity, and infinite; we will reconstruct some Levinas's critiques which we will call "philosophies of the coming back home", and finally we will suggest some aspects in which the Jew philosopher theses might be pertinent. This last purpose will be accompanied by a social research carried out about this issue.