Analysis of practice effect of teaching reform in the course of nursing education based on Rain Classroom / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the application effect of blended teaching mode based on Rain Classroom in the course of nursing education.Methods:The nursing teaching class in 2019 was set as the observation group ( n=20), which adopted blended teaching mode combining classroom teaching and online learning of Rain Classroom platform. The teaching class with the same number of students in the same period in 2018 was set as the control group ( n=20), which implemented the traditional classroom teaching mode. SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical processing, and independent-samples t-test was used to analyze the results of seminar, simulated teaching and final theoretical examination of the two classes of students and the evaluation of the teaching effect of the course. Results:There was no significant difference between the two groups in the results of simulated teaching ( t=0.21, P = 0.834). The scores of seminar [(91.18±1.20), t=3.09, P<0.05] and final theoretical examination [(78.63±6.28), t=3.33, P<0.05] in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The scores of information retrieval and processing ability ( t=-3.33, P < 0.05), problem finding ability ( t=-2.17, P < 0.05), independent thinking ability ( t=-2.53, P < 0.05), knowledge integration ability ( t=-3.86, P < 0.001), self-learning ability ( t=-3.12, P<0.05), the sense of identity to the role of nursing teachers ( t=-2.53, P < 0.05), the awareness of active learning ( t=-3.13, P < 0.05) and the attitude of lifelong learning ( t=-4.46, P < 0.001) in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group. Conclusion:The blended teaching based on Rain Classroom is conducive to the cultivation of students' inquiry learning ability and deep learning of theoretical knowledge, and promotes the effective achievement of curriculum teaching objectives.

The application of "Rain Classroom" in Pharmacology teaching for MBBS international students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To compare the effects of "Rain Classroom" teaching model and traditional teaching model in the Pharmacology teaching for MBBS international students.Methods:A total of 55 MBBS international students of the Batch 2016 were selected, and randomly divided into the "Rain Classroom" teaching group ( n = 27, experimental group) and the traditional teaching group ( n = 28, control group) according to their academic performance, age, gender, learning attitude, learning ability, and their original country. The experimental group took "Rain Classroom" assisted teaching, and control group took traditional teaching.The teachers for two groups were the same. They have been engaged in the "Pharmacology" course for international students for many years. The chapter "Antihypertensives" in textbook " Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews, Pharmacology (edited by Karen Whalen)" was selected as teaching content. The teaching effects were evaluated by the knowledge assessment (70 points) and process evaluation (30 points). A questionnaire survey was conducted at the end of the course. The results were statistically analyzed by t-test and Chi-square test using SPSS 11.5 software. Results:Compared with the traditional teaching group, the students of "Rain Classroom" group obtained a significantly higher score in exam. The average exam score of the "Rain Classroom" group was (58.6±6.8) points, while the average exam score of the traditional teaching group was (52.3±9.4) points, indicating a better mastery of knowledge for "Rain Classroom" group ( P < 0.05). The process evaluation showed that the students in the "Rain Classroom" group were more active in participation and the interaction, which was significantly higher than that in the traditional teaching group (7.4 vs. 2.8 times per students). No obvious difference was observed in students' attendance and homework scores for these two groups. According to the questionnaire survey, the "Rain Classroom" group enhanced students' interest in learning, improved the concentration in classes, and thus promoted the mastery of knowledge. Conclusion:The present study has confirmed the "Rain Classroom" teaching method is conducive to mobilizing students' enthusiasm for learning and improving teaching effect.

Application research of case teaching method based on "Rain Classroom" and standardized patients in the obstetrics and gynecology probation course / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In view of the problems existing in the probation teaching of obstetrics and gynecology, such as patients' non-cooperation, few cases and few practical opportunities. This study discusses the application effect of case teaching based on "Rain Classroom" and standardized patients in the obstetrics and gynecology probation course. The teaching is carried out by carefully selecting cases, refining pre-class preparation, adopting various teaching forms, and carrying out evaluation after class. In order to evaluate the teaching effect, an anonymous survey was carried out among 330 undergraduate interns majoring in clinical medicine, prevention, and forensic medicine in Batch 2015. The results showed that 210 (93.8%) of 224 (67.9%) students who participated in the survey believed that this method could promote learning enthusiasm and 200 students (89.3%) thought it could activate classroom atmosphere more than traditional teaching; most students thought it improved students' communication ability (163, 72.8%), clinical practice ability (189, 84.4%), and ability to analyze and solve problems (171, 76.3%) and deepening the understanding, mastery and application of knowledge (158, 70.5%). It shows that this method can improve the teaching effect of obstetrics and gynecology probation course to a certain extent.

Revegetación natural de áreas afectadas por minería de oro en la selva pluvial tropical del Chocó, Colombia / Natural revegetation of areas impacted by gold mining in the tropical rain forest of Chocó, Colombia

Introducción: La minería de oro a cielo abierto ocasiona impactos drásticos sobre los bosques naturales en regiones tropicales de alta biodiversidad, y la eficiencia de "revegetación", un proceso de resembrar y reconstruir el suelo, continúa siendo poco estudiado. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del tiempo sucesional y la distancia al bosque de referencia sobre la estructura biológica y composición de especies en minas de oro revegetadas. Métodos: Realizamos inventarios de vegetación en minas abandonadas en el bosque tropical lluvioso de Chocó, Colombia. Las minas contaban con 6, 10, 15, 19 y 24 años de sucesión natural. En cada escenario, establecimos cuatro parcelas de 2×50 m: a 50 m y 100 m de distancia desde el borde bosque-mina (ecotono). Resultados: Se identificaron 300 especies (193 géneros y 75 familias). La riqueza, diversidad y equitatividad cambian poco con el tiempo sucesional en las minas, pero alcanzan valores superiores en el bosque de referencia. La composición de especies es similar entre las minas con distinto tiempo sucesional, pero difiere ampliamente del bosque de referencia (solo 7 % de semejanza). La calidad del sustrato y las estrategias reproductivas de plantas herbáceas (principalmente Cyperaceae y Melastomataceae) y arbóreas (Cespedesia spathulata y Miconia reducens) que crecen espontáneamente en las minas, juegan un papel importante en la revegetación natural temprana. Conclusiones: 24 años de sucesión natural es poco tiempo para apreciar una recuperación sustancial de la vegetación en las minas si se compara con el bosque, y la distancia desde el ecotono parece no tener efecto significativo; sin embargo, la calidad de sustrato y estrategias reproductivas de plantas herbáceas son importantes en la etapa temprana de recuperación de las áreas impactadas por la minería de oro en Chocó.

Introduction: Open pit gold mining causes drastic impacts on natural forests in tropical regions of high biodiversity, and the efficacy of "revegetation", a process of replanting and rebuilding the soil, is still poorly studied. Objective: To evaluate the effect of successional time, and distance to the reference forest, on the biological structure and species composition of revegetated gold mines. Methods: We inventoried the adjacent forest and abandoned gold mines in the tropical rain forest of Chocó, Colombia. The mines had 6, 10, 15, 19 and 24 years of natural succession. In each scenario, we set four 2 × 50 m plots: two 50 m and two 100 m from the forest-mine edge (ecotone). Results: We identified 300 plant species (193 genera, 75 families). The richness, diversity and evenness changed little with successional time in the mines but reached higher values in the forest. The species composition was similar between the mines with different successional times but differed widely from the forest (only 7 % similarity). The substrate quality and reproductive strategies of herbaceous plants (mainly Cyperaceae and Melastomataceae) and trees (Cespedesia spathulata and Miconia reducens) that grow spontaneously in the mines, play an important role on the early natural revegetation. Conclusions: The 24 years of natural succession have been insufficient to reach a community of a complexity similar to that of the forest, and distance from the ecotone has no significant effect; however, the substrate quality and reproductive strategies of herbaceous plants are important in the early stages of mine recovery in the Chocó.

Application of Rain Classroom combined with situational teaching in clinical clerkship of internal medicine / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of Rain Classroom combined with situational teaching in clinical clerkship of internal medicine.Methods:A total of 72 undergraduate students with clinical majors of Batch 2015 were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group using computer scrolling pause method, with 36 students in each group. The control group adopted traditional teaching methods, and the research group adopted Rain Classroom combined with situational teaching. The teaching effect evaluation was carried out through a 10-point questionnaire based on the internal medicine theory examination, clinical skill assessment and learning interest, knowledge mastery and application, and clinical thinking and practical ability. SPSS 20.0 was used to conduct t-test. Results:The average scores of the students in the experimental group including the theoretical test (87.94±5.68) and the skill test scores (88.08±5.73) were significantly higher than those in the control group (83.00±5.89) and (83.86±4.80)( P<0.01). The results of the questionnaire showed that students' interest in learning improvement, self-learning ability, new knowledge acquisition, application of knowledge, clinical thinking, clinical practice, problem solving, self-expression, teamwork, doctor-patient communication ability in the study group were better than those in the control group ( P < 0.01). Conclusion:The Rain Classroom combined with situational teaching method is helpful to improve students' knowledge mastery and application, improve clinical thinking and practical ability, improve learning interest and clinical clerkship teaching effect.

The effects of "rain classroom" wisdom teaching on nursing students′ self-learning and self-efficacy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of "rain classroom" wisdom teaching on geriatric students′ autonomous learning ability and self-efficacy.Methods:From June to August, 2021, 61 nursing students who practiced in the department of gerontology of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University were selected as research subjects, and divided into experimental group (30 students) and control group (31 students) by random number table method. In the experimental group, wisdom teaching based on "Rain classroom" was carried out at the same time as conventional teaching, while in the control group, conventional teaching was carried out, and the teaching effect was evaluated by the independent learning ability measurement scale and academic self-efficacy scale of nursing students.Results:The score of autonomous learning ability of nursing students in the experimental group was 68.55 ± 11.06, and that in the control group was 74.29 ± 9.16. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t = -2.01, P<0.05). The academic self-efficacy scores of nursing students in experimental group and control group were 52.27 ± 11.56 and 52.64 ± 9.28 respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The wisdom teaching of "rain classroom" improves the independent learning ability of geriatric nursing students, and attaches importance to the cultivation of self-efficacy of nursing students, and the improvement of self-efficacy needs further research.

Application of case-based learning based on WeChat Rain Classroom in large class teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application effects of case-based learning (CBL) based on Rain Classroom in surgical nursing teaching of large class.Methods:A total of 357 nursing undergraduates of Batch 2017 in Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into experimental group (176 cases) and control group (181 cases). The experimental group adopted the CBL based on Rain Classroom, while the control group adopted the traditional multimedia classroom CBL mode. After the teaching, the teaching effect was evaluated by interviewing, comparing the scores of theoretical examination and questionnaire survey. SPSS 19.0 was performed for t test. Results:The scores of memory type, comprehension type and comprehensive application type questions in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.01). The scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group in stimulating thirst for knowledge, learning initiative, classroom learning efficiency, memory of knowledge points, problem analysis, clinical thinking and team cooperation ability ( P<0.01). The interview information suggested that the interest of pre-study materials, the control of discussion links and the network effect were the problems affecting the classroom effect of the experimental group, while the control group had the problems of poor learning autonomy and enthusiasm. Conclusion:The CBL based on Rain Classroom can mobilize the initiative and participation of students in large class teaching, improve the learning effect and cultivate comprehensive ability, which is worthy of promotion.

Reform and effect evaluation of experimental teaching method of Medical Statistics for clinical medical undergraduates / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application of new teaching techniques and establish a new model for experimental teaching of Medical Statistics for undergraduate students of clinical medicine. Methods:We enrolled 2 classes of students from Xi'an Medical University as research objects, and they were randomized into study group ( n=62) and control group ( n=54). The study group received "traditional demonstration+ blended" learning, while the control group only received traditional teaching. On the premise of balanced comparability, the effects of the two teaching patterns were evaluated from such three aspects as satisfaction questionnaire, teacher's self-evaluation and achievement. SPSS 22.0 was performed for chi-square test, t test and rank sum test. Results:At the end of the semester, the value cognition of statistics in both groups was higher than before class, and the study group [93.5% (58/62)] was higher than that in the control group [68.5% (37/54)] ( χ2=12.20, P<0.001). The overall satisfaction ( Z=-7.05, P<0.001) and the satisfaction with teaching methods ( Z=-3.95, P<0.001) of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group, with no statistical difference in satisfaction with teaching contents between the two groups ( Z=-0.27, P=0.784). More students in the study group thought that the experimental class deepened their understanding of statistical theory ( χ2=26.87, P<0.001). In the last four experimental classes, the post-test scores of both groups were higher than those of the pre-test, but the pre-test scores and post-test scores of the study group were higher than those of the control group. The performance of software operation in study group was higher than that in control group ( t=8.27 P<0.001). There was no statistical difference in the final test scores between the two groups ( t=0.29, P=0.773). Conclusion:The "traditional demonstration+ blended" learning is more in line with the students' learning pattern, and can better improve students' cognition and satisfaction of the statistics, especially can better cultivate students' team cooperation, expression and the SPSS analysis ability.

Statistical modeling for analyzing grain yield of durum wheat under rainfed conditions in Azad Jammu Kashmir, Pakistan / Modelagem estatística para analisar o rendimento de grãos de trigo durum sob condições de chuva em Azad Jammu Kashmir, Paquistão

One of the most important traits that plant breeders aim to improve is grain yield which is a highly quantitative trait controlled by various agro-morphological traits. Twelve morphological traits such as Germination Percentage, Days to Spike Emergence, Plant Height, Spike Length, Awn Length, Tillers/Plant, Leaf Angle, Seeds/Spike, Plant Thickness, 1000-Grain Weight, Harvest Index and Days to Maturity have been considered as independent factors. Correlation ,regression, and principal component analysis (PCA) are used to identify the different durum wheat traits, which significantly contribute to the yield. The necessary assumptions required for applying regression modeling have been tested and all the assumptions are satisfied by the observed data. The outliers are detected in the observations of fixed traits and Grain Yield. Some observations are detected as outliers but the outlying observations did not show any influence on the regression fit. For selecting a parsimonious regression model for durum wheat, best subset regression, and stepwise regression techniques have been applied. The best subset regression analysis revealed that Germination Percentage, Tillers/Plant, and Seeds/Spike have a marked increasing effect whereas Plant thickness has a negative effect on durum wheat yield. While stepwise regression analysis identified that the traits, Germination Percentage, Tillers/Plant, and Seeds/Spike significantly contribute to increasing the durum wheat yield. The simple correlation coefficient specified the significant positive correlation of Grain Yield with Germination Percentage, Number of Tillers/Plant, Seeds/Spike, and Harvest Index. These results of correlation analysis directed the importance of morphological characters and their significant positive impact on Grain Yield. [...].

Uma das características mais importantes que os produtores de plantas visam melhorar é o rendimento de grãos, que é uma particularidade altamente quantitativa e controlada por várias características agromorfológicas. Foram considerados 12 traços morfológicos como fatores independentes, como Porcentagem de Germinação, Dias para Emergência da Espiga, Altura da Planta, Comprimento da Espiga, Comprimento da Aresta, Perfilhos /Planta, Ângulo da Folha, Sementes /Espiga, Espessura da Planta, Peso de 1000 Grãos, Índice de Colheita e Dias até a Maturidade. A correlação, regressão e análise de componentes principais (em inglês Principal Component Analysis (PCA)) são usadas para identificar as diferentes características do trigo duro, que contribuem significativamente para o rendimento. As suposições necessárias exigidas para a aplicação da modelagem de regressão foram testadas e todas as suposições são adequadas de acordo com os dados observados. Os outliers são detectados nas observações de características fixas e rendimento de grãos. Algumas observações são detectadas como outliers, mas as observações outliers não mostraram qualquer influência no ajuste da regressão. Para selecionar um modelo de regressão parcimonioso para o trigo duro, foram aplicadas tanto a melhor regressão de subconjunto quanto as técnicas de regressão stepwise. A melhor análise de regressão de subconjunto revelou que a porcentagem de germinação, perfilhos /planta e sementes /espiga tem um efeito de aumento acentuado, enquanto a espessura da planta tem um efeito negativo sobre o rendimento do trigo duro. Enquanto a análise de regressão passo a passo identificou que as características, porcentagem de germinação, perfilhos/planta e sementes /espiga contribuem significativamente para aumentar a produtividade do trigo duro. O coeficiente de correlação simples especificou a correlação positiva significativa do [...].

Statistical modeling for analyzing grain yield of durum wheat under rainfed conditions in Azad Jammu Kashmir, Pakistan

Abstract One of the most important traits that plant breeders aim to improve is grain yield which is a highly quantitative trait controlled by various agro-morphological traits. Twelve morphological traits such as Germination Percentage, Days to Spike Emergence, Plant Height, Spike Length, Awn Length, Tillers/Plant, Leaf Angle, Seeds/Spike, Plant Thickness, 1000-Grain Weight, Harvest Index and Days to Maturity have been considered as independent factors. Correlation, regression, and principal component analysis (PCA) are used to identify the different durum wheat traits, which significantly contribute to the yield. The necessary assumptions required for applying regression modeling have been tested and all the assumptions are satisfied by the observed data. The outliers are detected in the observations of fixed traits and Grain Yield. Some observations are detected as outliers but the outlying observations did not show any influence on the regression fit. For selecting a parsimonious regression model for durum wheat, best subset regression, and stepwise regression techniques have been applied. The best subset regression analysis revealed that Germination Percentage, Tillers/Plant, and Seeds/Spike have a marked increasing effect whereas Plant thickness has a negative effect on durum wheat yield. While stepwise regression analysis identified that the traits, Germination Percentage, Tillers/Plant, and Seeds/Spike significantly contribute to increasing the durum wheat yield. The simple correlation coefficient specified the significant positive correlation of Grain Yield with Germination Percentage, Number of Tillers/Plant, Seeds/Spike, and Harvest Index. These results of correlation analysis directed the importance of morphological characters and their significant positive impact on Grain Yield. The results of PCA showed that most variation (70%) among data set can be explained by the first five components. It also identified that Seeds/Spike; 1000-Grain Weight and Harvest Index have a higher influence in contributing to the durum wheat yield. Based on the results it is recommended that these important parameters might be considered and focused in future durum wheat breeding programs to develop high yield varieties.

Resumo Uma das características mais importantes que os produtores de plantas visam melhorar é o rendimento de grãos, que é uma particularidade altamente quantitativa e controlada por várias características agromorfológicas. Foram considerados 12 traços morfológicos como fatores independentes, como Porcentagem de Germinação, Dias para Emergência da Espiga, Altura da Planta, Comprimento da Espiga, Comprimento da Aresta, Perfilhos /Planta, Ângulo da Folha, Sementes /Espiga, Espessura da Planta, Peso de 1000 Grãos, Índice de Colheita e Dias até a Maturidade,. A correlação, regressão e análise de componentes principais (em inglês Principal Component Analysis (PCA)) são usadas para identificar as diferentes características do trigo duro, que contribuem significativamente para o rendimento. As suposições necessárias exigidas para a aplicação da modelagem de regressão foram testadas e todas as suposições são adequadas de acordo com os dados observados. Os outliers são detectados nas observações de características fixas e rendimento de grãos. Algumas observações são detectadas como outliers, mas as observações outliers não mostraram qualquer influência no ajuste da regressão. Para selecionar um modelo de regressão parcimonioso para o trigo duro, foram aplicadas tanto a melhor regressão de subconjunto quanto as técnicas de regressão stepwise. A melhor análise de regressão de subconjunto revelou que a porcentagem de germinação, perfilhos /planta e sementes /espiga tem um efeito de aumento acentuado, enquanto a espessura da planta tem um efeito negativo sobre o rendimento do trigo duro. Enquanto a análise de regressão passo a passo identificou que as características, porcentagem de germinação, perfilhos/planta e sementes /espiga contribuem significativamente para aumentar a produtividade do trigo duro. O coeficiente de correlação simples especificou a correlação positiva significativa do rendimento de grãos com a porcentagem de germinação, número de perfilhos/planta, sementes / espiga e índice de colheita. Esses resultados da análise de correlação direcionaram a importância dos caracteres morfológicos e seu impacto positivo e significativo no rendimento de grãos. Os resultados da PCA mostraram que a maior parte da variação (70%) entre o conjunto de dados pôde ser explicada pelos cinco primeiros componentes. Também identificou que Sementes / Espiga, Peso de 1000 Grãos e Índice de Colheita têm uma maior influência na contribuição para o rendimento do trigo duro. Com base nos resultados, recomenda-se que esses importantes parâmetros possam ser considerados e focados em futuros programas de melhoramento de trigo duro para desenvolver variedades de alto rendimento.

Seasonal and pluviometric effects on the phenolic compound composition and antioxidant potential of Licania macrophylla Benth (Chrysobalanaceae), a medicinal plant from the Amazon rainforest

Abstract Licania macrophylla is a medicinal plant from the Amazon. It is mainly used in the form of a decoction and has been reported to contain several phenolic compounds. However, the effect of seasonality on the phenolic composition and antioxidant potential of this plant has not been well studied, especially in the Amazon region, an area affected by the rainy and less-rainy seasons. Therefore, we evaluated the seasonality of these aromatic compounds and the antioxidant potential of the extracts from L. macrophylla stem bark. We also determined the correlation between the extraction methods used and precipitation levels during each period for 1 year. The total flavonoid and phenolic content, DPPH-scavenging potential, percentage of phosphomolybdenum complex reduction, and iron-reducing power were quantified. The levels of phenolic compounds were the highest in June, whereas those of flavonoids were the highest in September and October; however, these differences were not significant. The extracts from April, November, and June showed the best results for DPPH scavenging, phosphomolybdenum reduction, and iron reduction power, respectively. Significant differences in the phenolic content and DPPH-scavenging activity were observed between the more- and less-rainy seasons. The total phenolic content was positively correlated with FRAP and DPPH, whereas flavonoid levels were negatively correlated.

The application of instant evaluation based on information technology in anatomy teaching from China / Aplicación de evaluación instantánea basada en tecnología de la información en la enseñanza de la anatomía en China

SUMMARY: The information technology (IT) based "instant evaluation" is supported by IT, which allows instant evaluation of teaching phenomena based on certain evaluation criteria and provides instant feedback. In anatomy teaching, we explored and practiced the application of instant evaluation based on a platform called "Rain classroom." We found that IT-based instant evaluation had higher practicability and better student satisfaction, which could improve teaching efficiency during class time, help students improve learning methods, and promote knowledge mastery. Additionally, instant evaluation positively impacted teachers' evaluation ability and teaching skills.

RESUMEN: La "evaluación instantánea" basada en la tecnología de la información (TI) está respaldada por ésta y permite la evaluación instantánea de los fenómenos de enseñanza en función de ciertos criterios de evaluación proporcionando retroalimentación instantánea. En la enseñanza de la anatomía, exploramos y practicamos la aplicación de la evaluación instantánea basada en una plataforma llamada "Aula de lluvia" o Rain Classroom. Descubrimos que la evaluación instantánea basada en TI tenía una mayor practicidad y una mejor satisfacción de los estudiantes, lo que podría mejorar la eficiencia de la enseñanza durante el tiempo de clase, ayudar a los estudiantes a mejorar los métodos de aprendizaje y promover el dominio del conocimiento. Además, la evaluación instantánea tuvo un impacto positivo en la capacidad de evaluación y las habilidades de enseñanza de los maestros.

Statistical modeling for analyzing grain yield of durum wheat under rainfed conditions in Azad Jammu Kashmir, Pakistan / Modelagem estatística para analisar o rendimento de grãos de trigo durum sob condições de chuva em Azad Jammu Kashmir, Paquistão

One of the most important traits that plant breeders aim to improve is grain yield which is a highly quantitative trait controlled by various agro-morphological traits. Twelve morphological traits such as Germination Percentage, Days to Spike Emergence, Plant Height, Spike Length, Awn Length, Tillers/Plant, Leaf Angle, Seeds/Spike, Plant Thickness, 1000-Grain Weight, Harvest Index and Days to Maturity have been considered as independent factors. Correlation, regression, and principal component analysis (PCA) are used to identify the different durum wheat traits, which significantly contribute to the yield. The necessary assumptions required for applying regression modeling have been tested and all the assumptions are satisfied by the observed data. The outliers are detected in the observations of fixed traits and Grain Yield. Some observations are detected as outliers but the outlying observations did not show any influence on the regression fit. For selecting a parsimonious regression model for durum wheat, best subset regression, and stepwise regression techniques have been applied. The best subset regression analysis revealed that Germination Percentage, Tillers/Plant, and Seeds/Spike have a marked increasing effect whereas Plant thickness has a negative effect on durum wheat yield. While stepwise regression analysis identified that the traits, Germination Percentage, Tillers/Plant, and Seeds/Spike significantly contribute to increasing the durum wheat yield. The simple correlation coefficient specified the significant positive correlation of Grain Yield with Germination Percentage, Number of Tillers/Plant, Seeds/Spike, and Harvest Index. These results of correlation analysis directed the importance of morphological characters and their significant positive impact on Grain Yield. The results of PCA showed that most variation (70%) among data set can be explained by the first five components. It also identified that Seeds/Spike; 1000-Grain Weight and Harvest Index have a higher influence in contributing to the durum wheat yield. Based on the results it is recommended that these important parameters might be considered and focused in future durum wheat breeding programs to develop high yield varieties.

Uma das características mais importantes que os produtores de plantas visam melhorar é o rendimento de grãos, que é uma particularidade altamente quantitativa e controlada por várias características agromorfológicas. Foram considerados 12 traços morfológicos como fatores independentes, como Porcentagem de Germinação, Dias para Emergência da Espiga, Altura da Planta, Comprimento da Espiga, Comprimento da Aresta, Perfilhos /Planta, Ângulo da Folha, Sementes /Espiga, Espessura da Planta, Peso de 1000 Grãos, Índice de Colheita e Dias até a Maturidade,. A correlação, regressão e análise de componentes principais (em inglês Principal Component Analysis (PCA)) são usadas para identificar as diferentes características do trigo duro, que contribuem significativamente para o rendimento. As suposições necessárias exigidas para a aplicação da modelagem de regressão foram testadas e todas as suposições são adequadas de acordo com os dados observados. Os outliers são detectados nas observações de características fixas e rendimento de grãos. Algumas observações são detectadas como outliers, mas as observações outliers não mostraram qualquer influência no ajuste da regressão. Para selecionar um modelo de regressão parcimonioso para o trigo duro, foram aplicadas tanto a melhor regressão de subconjunto quanto as técnicas de regressão stepwise. A melhor análise de regressão de subconjunto revelou que a porcentagem de germinação, perfilhos /planta e sementes /espiga tem um efeito de aumento acentuado, enquanto a espessura da planta tem um efeito negativo sobre o rendimento do trigo duro. Enquanto a análise de regressão passo a passo identificou que as características, porcentagem de germinação, perfilhos/planta e sementes /espiga contribuem significativamente para aumentar a produtividade do trigo duro. O coeficiente de correlação simples especificou a correlação positiva significativa do rendimento de grãos com a porcentagem de germinação, número de perfilhos/planta, sementes / espiga e índice de colheita. Esses resultados da análise de correlação direcionaram a importância dos caracteres morfológicos e seu impacto positivo e significativo no rendimento de grãos. Os resultados da PCA mostraram que a maior parte da variação (70%) entre o conjunto de dados pôde ser explicada pelos cinco primeiros componentes. Também identificou que Sementes / Espiga, Peso de 1000 Grãos e Índice de Colheita têm uma maior influência na contribuição para o rendimento do trigo duro. Com base nos resultados, recomenda-se que esses importantes parâmetros possam ser considerados e focados em futuros programas de melhoramento de trigo duro para desenvolver variedades de alto rendimento.

A NEW RECORD FOR THE MILK FROG Trachycephalus coriaceus (ANURA: HYLIDAE) FROM TELES PIRES RIVER, SOUTH AMAZONIA, BRAZIL / Un nuevo registro de la rana lechera Trachycephalus coriaceus (Anura: Hylidae) para el río Teles Pires, sur de la Amazonia, Brasil

ABSTRACT Herein, we report a new record of the milk frog Trachycephalus coriaceus for the Brazilian southern Amazonia and provide an updated geographic distribution map. We collected one specimen of T. coriaceus on 8 november 2016, during a nocturnal survey inside a dense ombrophilous forest in the right bank of the Teles Pires River, municipality ofJacareacanga, southern of Pará State. The record of T. coriaceus to Jacareacanga is the first to the State. The disjoint geographic distribution of this species along de Amazonia may just reflect the paucity of amphibian knowledge throughout this biome and the difficulty to detect this species in the field, given its explosive reproductive behavior.

RESUMEN Aquí, informamos sobre un nuevo registro de la rana lechera Trachycephalus coriaceus para el sur de la Amazonía brasileña y proporcionamos un mapa actualizado de su distribución geográfica. Recolectamos un espécimen de esta especie el 8 de noviembre de 2016, durante un muestreo nocturno dentro de un bosque denso ombrófilo en la margen derecha del río Teles Pires, municipio de Jacareacanga, al sur del estado de Pará. El registro de T. coriaceus en Jacareacanga es el primero en este estado. La distribución geográfica disyunta de esta especie a lo largo de Amazonia puede reflejar la escasez de conocimiento de anfibios en todo este bioma y la dificultad de detectar esta especie en campo, debido a su comportamiento reproductivo explosivo.

Application evaluation of Rain Classroom in the clinical training of children's diabetes mellitus ketoacidosis for standardized residency training / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application effect of the Rain Classroom on the clinical training of children's diabetes mellitus ketoacidosis (DKA) for the standardized residency training.Methods:A total of 148 residents in the department of pediatric endocrinology in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 1st, 2016 to December 31st, 2019 were randomly divided into two groups: the control group ( n=74) and the experimental group ( n=74). The experimental group was taught by Rain Classroom, and the control group was taught by traditional teaching method. The theory test and questionnaire survey were accomplished in the two groups to evaluate the teaching effect. SPSS 17.0 was performed for t test. Results:Compared with the control group, the Rain Classroom significantly improved the test scores [(9.6±0.6) points vs. (7.6 ± 1.3) points, P < 0.05]. The students in the experimental group improved the evaluation of teaching effect. In the experimental group, 82.4% residents liked the Rain Classroom. Conclusion:The application of the Rain Classroom in the clinical training of children's DKA for standardized residency training has achieved positive results.

Design and application of cardiac surgery teaching based on Rain Classroom / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In this paper, Rain Classroom is integrated into the teaching design of cardiac surgery, and specific teaching applications are carried out in the clinical medicine general class and international students class. The Rain Classroom is applied in the pre-class preparation, classroom interaction, after-class expansion and teaching evaluation and analysis. The results show that the application of Rain Classroom can significantly improve students' enthusiasm and interaction in class, improve teaching quality and improve students' comprehensive quality, and provide new ideas for cardiac surgery teaching.

Application of "Rain classroom + " mixed online teaching mode in Pathophysiology teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

"Rain classroom + " is an online and offline teaching mode developed under the background of "Internet + Education". However, there are still certain shortcomings in online teaching. Based on this situation, we explore the application of a new mixed teaching mode based on "Rain classroom + " in the teaching of Pathophysiology. Centered on three links of pre-class, in-class and post-class, the flipped classroom has been realized through teaching interaction by combining Tencent Meeting and integrating the problem-based learning with the case-based learning (PBL/CBL) in the teaching. "Rain classroom + " mixed teaching mode realizes the "student-centered" teaching concept by optimizing teaching resources, reorganizing teaching content and perfecting teaching design.

Microbiota oral e retal de calitriquídeos (Callithrix sp) em área antropizada de Mata Atlântica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / [Oral and rectal microbiota of callitrichids (Callithrix sp) in an anthropized area of the Atlantic Forest in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]

A proximidade dos primatas não humanos (PNH) com o ser humano pode ser considerada um fator de risco para transmissão de bactérias entre essas duas populações. Neste estudo, foi investigada a microbiota anfibiôntica aeróbica oral e retal de calitriquídeos em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica localizado no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, e foram realizados testes fenotípicos para detecção de bactérias multirresistentes nos isolados encontrados. Foram capturados 14 calitriquídeos e coletadas 21 amostras (14 de cavidade oral e sete de cavidade retal) em dois pontos da mata próximos às habitações humanas. As espécies mais frequentes, na cavidade oral, foram Klebsiella oxytoca (50,0%), K. pneumoniae (28,6%), Kluyvera ascorbata (21,4%) e Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (21,4%) e, na cavidade retal, K. pneumoniae (85,7%), Escherichia coli (28,6%) e Enterobacter spp. (42,9%). Todos os 48 isolados da família Enterobacteriaceae foram negativos para ESBL (betalactamase de espectro ampliado), mostrando-se não produtores da enzima nos dois métodos utilizados: disco-aproximação e método de detecção automatizado. Na pesquisa de ERC (enterobactérias resistentes a carbapenêmicos), esses mesmos isolados não apresentaram resistência aos antibióticos imipenem, meropenem e ertapenem. Todas as bactérias isoladas apresentam um potencial zoonótico, o que representa um risco à saúde pública e à conservação das espécies.(AU)

Proximity of nonhuman primates (NHP) to humans can be considered a risk factor for transmission of pathogens between these two populations. This study investigated the oral and rectal aerobic bacterial microbiota of marmosets in an anthropized area of the Atlantic Forest located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and performed phenotypic tests for detection of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Twenty-one samples (14 from the oral cavity and seven from the rectum) were collected from 14 Callithrix sp. captured in two sites of the forest near human dwellings. The most frequent species identified from the oral cavity swabs were Klebsiella oxytoca (50.0%), K. pneumoniae (28.6%), Kluyvera ascorbata (21.4%) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (21.4%), whereas the species most commonly identified from the rectum swabs were K. pneumoniae (85.7%), Enterobacter spp. (42.9%) and Escherichia coli (28.6%). All isolates of family Enterobacteriaceae showed no extended spectrum ß-lactamase production by disk-diffusion and automated detection tests. In the search for carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae these isolates presented no resistance to the imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem antibiotics. The isolate of Staphylococcus aureus was susceptible to oxacillin and the isolate of Enterococcus was susceptible to vancomycin. All isolated bacteria showed zoonotic potential, thus posing a risk to species conservation and public health.(AU)

Cercyon Leach, 1817 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae) from Brazil: new species and records

Abstract The study of ca. 280 specimens of Cercyon Leach, 1817 (Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae: Megasternini) deposited in the Coleção Entomológica Pe. J.S. Moure, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil, revealed a new species from Atlantic Rain Forest biome in Paraná State (Southern Brazil) and new records. Cercyon (Cercyon) curi sp. nov. is herein described and illustrated, belonging to the Neotropical C. variegatus species group. Cercyon (Cercyon) nigriceps (Marsham, 1802) is recorded for the first time in Paraná State, and Cercyon (Cercyon) inquinatus Wollaston, 1854 from Amazonas State (Northern Region); these records extend the distributional range of both species in Brazil. Cercyon (Cercyon) praetextatus (Say, 1825) is recorded for the first time from Brazil based on specimens collected in Paraná. Those three species were previously recorded as introduced in South America.

Análisis regional de zonas homogéneas de precipitación en Carabobo, Venezuela / Regional analysis of homogeneous precipitation areas in Carabobo, Venezuela / Análise regional de áreas de precipitação homogênea em Carabobo, Venezuela

Resumen Introducción. La utilidad primordial de los datos sobre el clima para planificar el desarrollo sostenible en áreas agrícolas y hacer frente a todas las consecuencias del cambio climático ya ha quedado firmemente establecida en diferentes programas y políticas a nivel mundial. Objetivo. Analizar la variabilidad espacio temporal de la precipitación e identificar las zonas homogéneas a partir de datos mensuales y anuales (1969-1999) provenientes de las estaciones climatológicas en Carabobo, Venezuela. Materiales y métodos. Para definir subgrupos de estaciones pluviométricas que caractericen zonas homogéneas se aplicaron técnicas multivariadas (análisis de componentes principales y análisis de conglomerados) basadas en la similitud del comportamiento de las series de datos de lluvia anual precipitada. Finalmente se elaboró el mapa de distribución espacial de la precipitación mediante la interpolación kriging. Resultados. Se lograron identificar cuatro grupos de estaciones con comportamiento similar en lo que se refiere a los procesos pluviométricos. Esta investigación permitió conocer el comportamiento espacial y temporal de la precipitación, caracterizada por la marcada estacionalidad producto de la influencia directa de la Zona de Convergencia Intertropical. La tendencia mostró un patrón de distribución espacial con una gradación que va de menor a mayor en sentido noreste a sureste. Conclusiones. Este estudio permitió estimar la regularidad espacial del comportamiento de la lluvia y del grado de heterogeneidad de este elemento climático año tras año, que a su vez representa el inicio de la planificación estratégica a nivel regional.

Abstract Introduction: The primary utility of climate data for planning sustainable development in agricultural areas and addressing all the consequences of climate change has already been firmly established in different programs and policies worldwide. Objective: Analyze the temporal space variability of precipitation and identify homogeneous areas based on monthly and annual data from weather stations in Carabobo, Venezuela, during the period 1969-1999. Materials and methods: To define subgroups of rainfall stations that characterize homogeneous zones, multivariate techniques (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) were applied based on the similarity of the behavior of the data series of precipitated annual rainfall. Finally, the spatial distribution map of the precipitation was prepared by means of kriging interpolation. Results: It was possible to identify four groups of stations with similar behavior in terms of rainfall processes. This investigation allowed to know the spatial and temporal behavior of precipitation, characterized by the marked seasonality resulting from the direct influence of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The trend showed a pattern of spatial distribution with a gradation that goes from minor to major in the northeast to southeast direction. Conclusion: In addition, this study allowed estimating the spatial regularity of rainfall behavior and the degree of heterogeneity of this climatic element year after year, which in turn represents the beginning of strategic planning at the regional level.

Resumo Introdução. A utilidade primordial dos dados climáticos para planejar o desenvolvimento sustentável em áreas agrícolas e abordar todas as consequências da alteração climática já ficou firmemente estabelecida nos diferentes programas e políticas ao nível mundial. Objetivo. Analisar a variabilidade do espaço temporal da precipitação e identificar as zonas homogêneas a partir de dados mensais e anais (1969-1999) provenientes das estações climatológicas em Carabobo, Venezuela. Materiais e métodos. Para definir subgrupos de estações pluviométricas que posam caracterizar as zonas homogêneas aplicaram-se técnicas multivariadas (análise de componentes principais e análise de conglomerados) baseadas na similitude do comportamento das series de dados de chuva anual precipitada. Finalmente elaborou-se o mapa de distribuição espacial da precipitação mediante a interpolação kriging. Resultados. Conseguiu-se identificar quatro grupos de estações com comportamento similar no que se refere aos processos pluviométricos. Esta pesquisa permitiu conhecer o comportamento espacial e temporal da precipitação, caracterizada pela marcada sazonalidade, produto da influência direta da Zona de Convergência Intertropical. A tendência mostrou um padrão de distribuição espacial com uma gradação que vai de menor à maior no sentido nordeste à sudeste. Conclusões. Este estudo permitiu estimar a regularidade espacial do comportamento da chuva e do grau da heterogeneidade deste elemento climático ano após ano, que ao mesmo tempo representa o início do planejamento estratégico ao nível regional.