ABSTRACT
: Las prácticas adecuadas de lactancia materna (LM) y de alimentación complementaria (AC) contribuyen al crecimiento y desarrollo de los niños. Con el objetivo de determinar el nivel de conocimientos en LM y AC en madres usuarias de los Servicios de Salud Pública (SSP) de Guatemala, se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, esperando que los resultados sean utilizados para diseñar intervenciones basadas en evidencia. Se diseñó un instrumento de recolección de datos, el cual se utilizó en una muestra de 1,956 madres entre 15 a 49 años. Se entrevistó a madres de niños menores de dos años usuarias de los SSP de los lugares de cobertura del Ejercicio Profesional Supervisado de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva, se calificó cada pregunta en cero (0) para respuesta incorrecta y uno (1) para respuesta correcta, estableciendo el nivel de conocimientos como alto (67 a 100% respuestas correctas), medio (34 a 66% respuestas correctas) o bajo (0 a 33% respuestas correctas), agrupando los resultados según variables sociodemográficas. El nivel de conocimiento sobre LM fue alto en 989 madres (51%), medio en 888 madres (45%) y bajo en 79 madres (4%) con un promedio de nota de 73.2(17.1)[58.2, 88.2] sobre 100 puntos. En cuanto al nivel de conocimiento sobre AC fue alto en 251 madres (13%), medio en 1,608 madres (82%) y bajo en 97 madres (5%) con un promedio de nota de 55.2(12.1)[44.5, 65.8]. Se concluyó que, a menor edad y escolaridad de la madre, mayor porcentaje de nivel bajo de conocimiento en LM y AC.
Appropriate breastfeeding (LM ,from its Spanish initials) and complementary feeding (AC, from its Spanish initials) practices contribute to the growth and development of children. The objective of this work was to determine the level of knowledge in LM and AC in mothers who use Public Health Services (SSP) in Guatemala. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, hoping that the results would be used to design an evidence-based impact. A data collection instrument was built, which was used in a sample of 1,956 mothers between 15 and 49 years of age. Mothers of children under two years of age who are users of the SSP covered by the Nutrition Supervised Professional Practice of the University of San Carlos of Guatemala were interviewed. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, each question was scored zero (0) for an incorrect answer and one (1) for a correct answer, establishing the level of knowledge as high (67 to 100% correct answers), medium (34 to 66% correct answers) or low (0 to 33% correct answers), grouping the results obtained according to sociodemographic variables. The level of knowledge about LM was high in 989 mothers (51%), medium in 888 mothers (45%), and low in 79 mothers (4%) with an average grade of 73.2(17.1)[58.2, 88.2] of a 100 points. Regarding the level of knowledge about AC, it was high in 251 mothers (13%), medium in 1,608 mothers (82%) and low in 97 mothers (5%) with an average grade of 55.2(12.1)[44.5, 65.8] . It was concluded that the lower the age and schooling of the mother, the higher the percentage of low level of knowledge in LM and AC.
ABSTRACT
Las condiciones actuales de trabajo demandan mayor énfasis en el estudio de los riesgos psicosociales laborales. La presente investigación evalúa dichos riesgos a partir de una muestra conformada por 559 docentes y administrativos de una universidad privada ecuatoriana, con el objetivo de indagar sobre las especificidades de los factores de riesgo psicosocial en relación con las variables sociodemográficas y sociolaborales, para proponer un perfil de riesgo psicosocial. El instrumento utilizado fue F-PSICO 3.1 y posteriormente a través de regresiones logísticas se analizó el efecto de dichas variables para identificar posibles factores de riesgo o de protección. Los hallazgos evidencian que la exposición desfavorable a factores de riesgo psicosocial se incrementa en el personal que tiene ciertas características como: ser docente, con jornada de tiempo completo, ser menor de 35 años, contar con menos de 5 años de antigüedad en la institución y ser mujer. A modo de conclusión, al menos el 25% del personal percibe alguno de los factores psicosociales evaluados de una manera desfavorable
Current working conditions demand greater emphasis on the study of occupational psychosocial risks. The present investigation evaluates these risks from a sample of 559 teachers and administrators of an Ecuadorian private university, with the objective of investigating the specificities of psychosocial risk factors in relation to sociodemographic and socio-labor variables, to propose a profile of psychosocial risk. The instrument used was F-PSICO 3.1 and subsequently through logistic regressions the effect of these variables was analyzed to identify possible risk or protection factors. The findings show that unfavorable exposure to psychosocial risk factors is increased in staff that have certain characteristics such as: being a teacher, full-time, being under 35, having less than 5 years of experience in the institution and to be a woman. In conclusion, at least 25% of staff perceive some of the psychosocial factors evaluated in an unfavorable way.
Subject(s)
Humans , Psychology , Research , Universities , Risk , Risk Factors , Administrative Personnel , Ecuador , Faculty , Occupational GroupsABSTRACT
A corrida de rua é considerada um fenômeno sociocultural contemporâneo em ampla expansão no Brasil e no mundo. No entanto, há uma carência de informações a respeito do perfil sociodemográfico dos praticantes de corridas de rua, assim como os seus motivos de adesão e rotina de treinamento. Essas informações são essenciais para a elaboração de estratégias de intervenção profissional voltadas para os praticantes de corrida de rua. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o perfil sociodemográfico, os motivos de adesão, a rotina de treinamento e acompanhamento profissional de corredores de rua. Participaram da pesquisa 214 praticantes de corrida de rua, do sexo masculino e feminino, idade entre 18 e 58 anos (M = 36,4 ± 10,3), devidamente inscritos em provas que fazem parte do calendário oficial de corridas. Os praticantes responderam um questionário composto por 18 questões organizadas em 3 categorias: perfil ciodemográfico, motivos de adesão e rotina de treinamento/acompanhamento profissional. Os resultados evidenciaram que a maioria dos praticantes de corrida de rua são do sexo masculino (62,1%), com faixa etária predominante entre 20 e 40 anos, elevado nível de escolaridade e que buscam essa atividade especialmente por motivos de saúde (91,1%) e prazer (69,1%). Apesar de 43,9% dos praticantes não receberem acompanhamento profissional, 96,6% consideram importante ou muito importante a supervisão profissional durante a prática. Os achados indicam que, em geral, os adeptos da corrida de rua optam pela prática devido a busca pela melhora da qualidade de vida e a socialização, bem como a redução do estresse...(AU)
Running is considered a contemporary sociocultural phenomenon in a wide expansion in Brazil and in the world. However, there is a lack of information regarding the sociodemographic profile of street racing practitioners, as well as their reasons for joining this practice and the characteristics of training. This information is essential for the development of strategies for professional intervention aimed at street racing practitioners. The present study sought to analyze the sociodemographic profile, the reasons of adhesion and the characteristics of training of street racing practitioners. A total of 214 male and female street racing practitioners, aged between 18 and 58 years (M = 36.4 ± 10.3), duly enrolled in races that are part of the official racing calendar, participated in the study. The practitioners answered a questionnaire composed of 18 questions organized in 3 categories: sociodemographic profile, reasons of adhesion and training characteristics. The results showed that most of the street racing practitioners are male (62.1%), with a predominant age group between 20 and 40 years of age, a high level of schooling and who seek this activity especially for health reasons (91, 1%) and pleasure (69.1%). Although 43.9% of the practitioners did not receive professional support, 96.6% considered it important hat, in general, the street racing practitioners choose this practice because of the quest for improving quality of life and socialization as well as for reducing stress...(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Personal Health Services , Physical Education and Training , Running , Circuit-Based Exercise , Endurance Training , Quality of Life , Relaxation , Socialization , Stress, Psychological , Pleasure , Quality Improvement , Treatment Adherence and ComplianceABSTRACT
Resumen En la actualidad, muchos gobiernos ofrecen a sus ciudadanos servicios públicos a través de internet (administración electrónica). En este trabajo se analizan tres factores que podrían explicar el uso de la administración electrónica: perfil sociodemográfico de los ciudadanos, niveles de calidad de los servicios públicos ofrecidos por ese medio y grado de satisfacción de los ciudadanos con esos servicios. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que los ciudadanos que prefieren utilizar internet como medio de contacto o que utilizan la administración electrónica se caracterizan por ser personas jóvenes, con estudios universitarios o estudiantes. En cambio, las personas que no utilizan la administración electrónica o que prefieren el canal presencial son mayoritariamente personas mayores con estudios primarios. En segundo lugar, a pesar de que los ciudadanos perciban una alta calidad y tengan un alto grado de satisfacción con esos servicios públicos, esto no resulta en altas tasas de uso de la administración electrónica. Por último, para incrementar el uso de la administración electrónica es primordial la utilización de interfaces sencillas, intuitivas y fáciles de usar por cualquier persona, especialmente por personas mayores y con estudios primarios.
Resumo Atualmente, muitos governos oferecem aos seus cidadãos serviços públicos por meio da internet (governo eletrônico). Este artigo analisa três fatores que poderiam explicar o uso do governo eletrônico: perfil sociodemográfico dos cidadãos, níveis de qualidade dos serviços públicos oferecidos por esse meio e grau de satisfação dos cidadãos com esses serviços. Os resultados mostram que os cidadãos que preferem usar a internet como meio de contato ou que usam o governo eletrônico são caracterizados por serem jovens, com estudos universitários ou estudantes. Por outro lado, aquelas pessoas que não usam administração eletrônica ou que preferem o canal face a face são, em sua maioria, pessoas idosas com educação primária. Em segundo lugar, embora os cidadãos percebam uma alta qualidade e tenham um alto grau de satisfação com esses serviços públicos, isso não se traduz em altas taxas de uso de governo eletrônico. Finalmente, a fim de aumentar o uso da administração eletrônica, o uso de interfaces simples, intuitivas e de fácil utilização é essencial, especialmente para os idosos e com o ensino primário.
Abstract Currently, many governments offer their citizens public services through the internet (eGovernment). This article analyzes three factors that could explain the use of eGovernment: sociodemographic profile of citizens, levels of quality of public services offered in this way, and the degree of citizen satisfaction with these services. The results show that citizens who prefer to use the internet as a means of contact or who use eGovernment are characterized as being young people, undergraduate students or with a university degree. On the other hand, those who do not use electronic administration or who prefer the face-to-face channel are mostly elderly people or those with basic education. Secondly, although citizens perceive a high quality and have a high degree of satisfaction with these public services, this does not translate into high rates of use of eGovernment. Finally, increasing the use of electronic administration implies in using simple, intuitive and user-friendly interfaces, especially targeting the elderly and those with basic education.
Subject(s)
Personal Satisfaction , Total Quality Management , Internet , e-Government , SpainABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: Identificar el nivel de autoeficacia académica percibida en los estudiantes de una ins titución de educación superior del Estado de Durango, México y determinar el perfil sociode mográfico y académico de los estudiantes, en relación a su autoeficacia académica percibida. Método: El estudio se desarrolló bajo el enfoque cuantitativo de investigación, de diseño no experimental y transeccional, participando el total de la población estudiantil que cursa planes de estudio bajo el modelo de competencias profesionales, siendo 182 estudiantes, 46 % hombres y 54 % mujeres, todos en edades de los 21 a los 23 años. El instrumento aplicado consistió en un cuestionario con escalamiento Likert (a=.91) más un apartado con información social, académica y demográfica. Resultados: De manera global, la autoeficacia académica percibida se ubica en un nivel medio; y variables como la seguridad de contar con algún tipo de beca, el gusto por la carrera que se estudia, el no tener dificultades económicas, el deseo por estudiar algún posgrado, la cantidad de asignaturas no aprobadas en el semestre antecesor, el promedio de bachillerato que se haya obtenido y el promedio del semestre anterior son variables que inciden directamente en la autoeficacia académica percibida. Conclusiones: El perfil socioacadémico definido, proporciona información útil que puede ser utilizada como diagnóstico de poblaciones con características si milares a la que se estudió, y con ello, la institución podrá diseñar políticas y estrategias tendientes al aumento de su autoeficacia, y por ende al mejoramiento de su desempeño académico.
Abstract Objective: To identify the level of perceived academic self-efficacy in students of an institution of higher education in the State of Durango, Mexico and to determine the sociodemographic and academic profile of the students, in relation to their perceived academic self-efficacy. Method: The study was developed under the quantitative approach of research, of non-experimental and transeccional design, involving the total of the student population that study curricula under the model of professional competences, being 182 students, 46 % men and 54 % women, and all aged 21 to 23 years. The instrument used consisted of a questionnaire with Likert scaling (a = .91) plus a section with social, academic and demographic information. Results: Overall, perceived academic self-efficacy is at an intermediate level; and variables such as the security of having some kind of scholarship, the pleased by the university career, not having economic difficulties, the desire to study a postgraduate course, the amount of subjects not approved in the previous semes ter, the average of high school and the average of the semester previous are variables that affect directly in the perceived academic self-efficacy. Conclusions: The defined socio-academic profile provides useful information that can be used as a diagnosis of populations with characteristics similar to the one studied, and with this, the institution can design policies and strategies tending to increase its self-efficacy, and therefore improvement of academic performance.
ABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o perfil sododemográfico e clínico dos pacientes no pós-operatório de confecção de estoma intestinal. Material e método: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, descritiva, realizado no período de agosto a outubro de 2015, em um serviço filantrópico de referência em oncologia, localizado em Teresina, capital da província do Piauí, Brasil. Um questionário sociodemográfico, clínico e um exame físico com ênfase na avaliação do abdome e do estoma foram aplicados em 56 pacientes. Resultados: Perfil sociodemográfico: idade média de 57,75 anos, predominantemente mulheres (67,9%), do interior do Piauí (62,5%), residentes em áreas urbanas (69,6%), raça mulata (53,6%), religião católica (78,6%), com ensino fundamental incompleto (37,5%) e renda até um salário mínimo (67,9%). Perfil clínico: 42,9% tinham câncer de reto como diagnóstico médico, 85,7% tinham colostomia, em 76,8% a cirurgia era eletiva e não demarcada (57,1%), com equipamento coletor de 1 peça (51,8%), boa fixação da equipe de coleta (87,5%) e estoma com boa função (89,3%). Conclusão: A assistência ao estomizado deve estar embasada no conhecimento científico do processo de enfermagem e identificar as principais necessidades de cada paciente, de acordo com seus perfis sociodemográficos e clínicos.
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients in the postoperative period following intestinal stoma surgery. Material and method: Quantitative study, with a descriptive approach carried out between August and October 2015, in a philanthropic service of reference in an oncology unit, located in Teresina, capital of the province of Piauí, Brazil. A sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire plus a physical examination with emphasis on the evaluation of the abdomen and stoma were applied to 56 patients. Results: Sociodemographic profile: average age of 57.75 years, mostly women (67.9%), from the interior of Piauí (62.5%), who live in urban areas (69.6%), of mulatto ethnicity (53.6%), Catholic religion (78.6%), with incomplete primary education (37.5%) and an income up to minimum wage (67.9%). Clinical profile: 42.9% had rectal cancer as a medical diagnosis, 85.7% had colostomy; the surgery was elective in 76.8% and not demarcated (57.1%), with a one-piece collector bag system (51.8%), good fixation of the collector bag (87.5%) and stoma with good function (89.3%). Conclusion: The care of patients with stomas should be based on scientific knowledge of the nursing process, and the main needs of each patient should be identified based on their sociodemographic and clinical profiles.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el perfil sociodemográfico y clínico de los pacientes en posoperatorio mediato de estoma intestinal. Material y método: Estudio de abordaje cuantitativo, descriptivo realizado entre agosto a octubre de 2015, en un servicio filantrópico de referencia en oncología, ubicado en Teresina, capital de la provincia de Piauí, Brasil. A 56 pacientes se les aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y clínico más un examen físico con énfasis en la evaluación del abdomen y el estoma. Resultados: Perfíl sociodemográfico: edad media de 57,75 años, en su mayoría mujeres (67,9%), del interior del Piauí (62,5%), que viven en zonas urbanas (69,6%), de raza mulata (53,6%), religión católica (78,6%), con escolaridad primaria incompleta (37,5%) y un ingreso de hasta un salario mínimo (67,9%). Perfil clínico: el 42,9% tenía cáncer del recto como un diagnóstico médico, el 85,7% tenía colostomía, en el 76,8% la cirugía fue electiva y no demarcada (57,1%), con equipos colectores de 1 pieza (51,8%), buena fijación del equipo recolector (87,5%) y estoma con buena función (89,3%). Conclusión: La atención al paciente estomizado debe basarse en el conocimiento científico del proceso de enfermería e identificar las principales necesidades de cada paciente en función de sus perfiles sociodemográficos y clínicos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Postoperative Period , Socioeconomic Factors , Perioperative Nursing , Demography , Surgical Stomas , Self Care , Epidemiology, Descriptive , NeoplasmsABSTRACT
O artigo tem como objetivo analisar os aspectos sócio demográficos dos profissionais de enfermagem, que congregam entre enfermeiros, auxiliares e técnicos, mais de um milhão e oitocentos mil trabalhadores, constituindo 50% da Força de Trabalho (FT) que atua no setor saúde. É um estudo transversal cuja população alvo é constituída por todos os enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem do Brasil, que possuem registro ativo no Conselho Federal de Enfermagem (Cofen). O estudo tem representatividade nacional, sendo capaz de gerar resultados para cada unidade da federação. Os dados apontam para algumas tendências importantes, tais como: crescimento da participação dos enfermeiros na equipe de trabalhadores; rejuvenescimento da FT, desequilíbrio entre oferta e demanda; concentração nos grandes centros urbanos, especialmente no Sudeste. Os dados da pesquisa permitem subsidiar a construção de políticas públicas adequadas com a realidade desse imenso contingente de trabalhadores, fundamentais para o Sistema Único de Saúde.
Analyze the socio-demographic aspects of nursing professionals, connecting between nurses, assistants and technicians, which has more than one million eight hundred thousand workers, constituting 50% Workforce (FT) which operates in the healthcare system. It is a cross-sectional study whose target population consists of all nurses, technicians and nursing assistants from Brazil, which have active registration with the Federal Nursing Council (Cofen). The study has a national presence, being able to generate results for each state. The data point to some important trends; process of masculinization, with the increasing growth of men; rejuvenation FT, imbalance between supply and demand; concentration in large urban centers, especially in the Southeast. The survey data may subsidize the construction of public policies adequate to the reality of the huge number of workers, essential for the National Health System.
El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los aspectos socio-demográficas de los profesionales de enfermería, de conexión entre enfermeras, asistentes y técnicos, que tiene más de un millón ochocientos mil trabajadores, que constituyen el 50% Fuerza de Trabajo (FT) que opera en el sistema de la salud. Las enfermeras, técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería de Brasil, que tienen el registro activo con el Consejo Federal de Enfermería (Cofen). El estudio tiene una presencia nacional, siendo capaz de generar resultados para cada estado. Tendencias importantes, como el crecimiento de la participación de las enfermeras en el personal; Franco proceso de masculinización, con el aumento del crecimiento de los hombres; rejuvenecimiento FT, el desequilibrio entre la oferta y la demanda; concentración en los grandes centros urbanos, sobre todo en el sureste. Los datos de la encuesta pueden subsidiar la construcción de políticas públicas adecuadas a la realidad de la gran cantidad de trabajadores, esenciales para el Sistema de Salud.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Demography , Nursing , Nurses , Nursing, Team , Nursing ResearchABSTRACT
Objetivo: Conocer si los factores socio-demográficos de las madres, influyen en la severidad de Caries de Temprana Infancia en los niños de 2 a 5 años de edad, en tres Unidades Comunitarias de Salud Familiar (UCSF). Metodología: El tipo de estudio fue observacional, descriptivo, transversal y asociativo entre dos variables. La recolección de los datos se realizó de enero a noviembre del 2015, efectuándose un examen bucal para establecer la presencia de caries dental según criterios ICDAS en 375 niños; y para medir los factores sociodemográficos de las madres, se utilizó una cédula de entrevista. Los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente a través de la prueba de Chicuadrado y prueba z de proporciones. Resultados: Se determinó influencia estadística significativa entre los siguientes factores sociodemográficos de las madres: nivel de escolaridad, ingreso económico, lugar de residencia, y conocimiento en salud bucal con la severidad de caries de temprana infancia (CTI). (p valor = 0.000). No así para la variable trabajo de la madre ya que el valor es (p =0.191). En cuanto a la edad de la madre, no se encontró relación con la severidad de CTI con la prueba de Chi cuadrado, (p=0.056); pero al realizar la prueba de proporciones se encontró que, las madres que tienen edades entre 17 a 25 años, presentaron hijos entre dos y tres años de edad con menor grado de severidad de CTI, debido a que la dentición tiene poco tiempo de estar en boca; por lo tanto, la severidad está más relacionada con la edad del niño que con la edad de la madre. Conclusiones: Existe asociación entre nivel de escolaridad, ingreso económico, lugar de residencia y conocimiento en salud bucal de la madre, con la severidad de caries de temprana infancia en niños de 2 a 5 años.
Objective: To know if the socio-demographic factors of mothers influence the early childhood tooth decay severity in children from 2 to 5 years old at three Family Health Community Units (UCSF). Methodology: The type of study was observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and associative between two variables. Data collection was done from January to November, 2015, administrating an oral examination to establish the presence of tooth decay according to ICDAS criteria in 375 children, and to measure the socio-demographic factors of mothers an interview was used. The data was statistically analyzed using the chi-square and Z proportions test. Results: Significant statistical influence was determined in the following sociodemographic factors: school level, income, place of residence and knowledge of oral health with the severity of early childhood tooth decay (ECTD), (p value =0.000). It was different for the variable job of the mother since the value is (p value = 0.191). With regard to the age of the mother there was no relation to the severity of ECTD with the Chi-square test (p=0.056) but in doing the proportions test, it was found that mothers from 17 to 25 years old presented children from 2 to 3 years old with a lower level of ECTD severity; therefore, severity is more related to the age of the children than to the age of the mother. Conclusion: There is association of school level, income, place of residence, and knowledge of oral health with the severity of early childhood tooth decay in children from 2 to 5 years old.
Subject(s)
Dental Caries , Public Health , Epidemiology , MothersABSTRACT
This cross-sectional study aimed to learn the profiles of diners of Community Restaurants in the Federal District, with the goal of future implementation of strategies that guarantee Food and Nutrition Security. Socio-economic, lifestyle and anthropometric data were gathered from 267 individuals with an average age of 38 years, most of them being males (79.5%). Most participants (52.1%) had at least secondary education, and the average family income was equal to three times the minimum wage. The prevalence of obesity and overweight was 50.2%. Age, history of tobacco smoking and a stable union were positively associated with excess weight. Body mass index (BMI) displayed a strong correlation with the remaining parameters in the assessment of nutritional status. Diagnoses of non-communicable diseases and conditions were reported by 20.6% of the interviewees, of which arterial hypertension was the most prevalent (10.1%). The deterioration of the nutritional status of the population, even among people who frequent social programs such as Community Restaurants is a concern due to the disease impact that this population may have on public health of the country. These results highlight the importance of Community Restaurants fulfilling their role in assuring Food and Nutrition Security.
Este estudio transversal tuvo por objetivo conocer el perfil de salud y sócio-demográficas de los clientes de la Comunidad de Restaurantes en el Distrito Federal, con el objetivo de una futura implementación de estrategias que garanticen la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional. Datos antropométricos, socioeconómicos y estilo de vida fueron recogidos a partir de 267 individuos con edad media de 38 años, la mayoría de ellos varones (79,5%). Gran parte de los participantes (52,1%) había estudiado por lo menos hasta la enseñanza secundaria y sus ingresos familiares medios eran tres salarios mínimos. La prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso fué el 50,2%, la edad, la historia de tabaquismo y la unión estable se asociaron de modo positivo con el exceso de peso. Índice de masa corporal (IMC) mostró una fuerte correlación con los demás parámetros en la evaluación del estado nutricional. Los diagnósticos de enfermedades no transmisibles fueron relatados por 20,6% de los entrevistados y la hipertensión arterial fue la más prevalente (10,1%). El deterioro del estado nutricional, incluso entre personas que participan de los programas sociales, como los restaurantes comunitarios, es motivo de preocupación debido al impacto que las enfermedades de esa población pueden tener en la salud pública. Estos resultados destacan la importancia que los restaurantes comunitarios cumplan su papel para garantizar la Seguridad Alimentaria Nutricional.
Subject(s)
Humans , Restaurants , Socioeconomic Factors , Nutrition Programs , Eating , Health , Statistical Data , Food SecurityABSTRACT
Chile enfrenta un envejecimiento acelerado de su población que obliga a estudiar este fenómeno y adecuar la política pública en salud. El presente es un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, cuyo objetivo es analizar datos relevantes de los pacientes con discapacidad severa en Chile. La fuente fue el Departamento Estadístico e Informático en Salud del Ministerio de Salud de Chile, logrando caracterizar esta población, identificar la cobertura nacional y por Servicios de Salud, analizar prevalencias de los pacientes bajo control, la capacidad de oferta y el impacto de la política. Se encontró que existe 1 paciente con discapacidad severa por cada 100 beneficiarios de FONASA el año 2011, lo que aumentó a 2,3 el año 2012. El promedio de pacientes bajo control fue de 931 el año 2011 y 1.079 el 2012. Los pacientes se concentran en las zonas del centro y sur del país, más del 60 por ciento son mujeres, excepto en los SS de Aysén, Araucanía Norte y Magallanes. Por grupos de edad, el 72 por ciento de estos pacientes son mayores de 65 años, no existiendo diferencias importantes por Servicios de Salud (SS) en ambos años. Las tasas de discapacidad severa por cada 1.000 beneficiarios de FONASA son más altas el año 2012 respecto del 2011; lo que aumenta con la edad, especialmente en los mayores de 65 años. Lo mismo ocurre según sexo y SS. Las tasas más altas se concentran en la zona sur del país. Para el análisis de los datos se usó el programa Excel.
Chile faces a rapidly aging population requiring study this phenomenon and adapt public health policy. This is a descriptive cross sectional study, which aims to analyze relevant data from patients with severe disabilities in Chile. The source was the Statistical and Computer Department for Health, Ministry of Health of Chile, being able to characterize this population, identify national coverage and health services, analyze prevalence of patients under control, supply capacity and the impact of political. There is 1 patient with severe disabilities FONASA 100 beneficiaries in 2011, which increased to 2.3 by 2012. The average patient under control was 931 in 2011 and 1,079 in 2012. Patients are concentrated in the center of the south, most areas 60 percent are women, except SS Aysen, Magallanes and Araucanía Norte. By age group, 72 percent of these patients are over 65, there being no significant differences for Health Services (SS) in both years. Severe disability rates per 1,000 beneficiaries FONASA are higher in 2012 compared to 2011; which increases with age, especially over 65 years. The same goes according to sex and SS. The highest rates are concentrated in the southern region. For data analysis the Excel program was used.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Child , Middle Aged , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Disabled Persons/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Chile/epidemiology , Persons with Mental Disabilities/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the socio-demographic and career choice characteristics of dental students in two publicly funded universities in Chile. A total of 601 dental students participated in the study with a 53 percent response rate. The written survey covered age, gender, type of school attended, place of residence, parental occupation, level of education, tuition fees payment methods, along with motivations and preferences towards dentistry as a career. The respondents had an average age of 22 years old. Sixty one percent of respondents were female, and the majority had completed secondary education in private and subsidized schools with only 21.5 percent having finished in public schools. Most of the students covered their tuition fees with parental money (37.1 percent), followed by any type of loan (27.9 percent). The majority of students (63.8 percent) had placed dentistry as their first career choice with self-motivation being the most important reason for their decision. This study provides a description of the socio-demographic and economic profile of Chilean dental students and provides insights about career decision issues. It also purposes areas for further research and management by academics for future program development.
El presente estudio descriptivo de corte transversal explora el perfil socio-demográfico y los factores asociados a la elección de la carrera de los estudiantes de odontología pertenecientes a dos universidades estales chilenas. Un total de 601 estudiantes participaron de esta investigación con una tasa de respuesta del 53 por ciento. La encuesta escrita incluyó, edad, género, educación secundaria, lugar de residencia, nivel educacional y ocupación de los padres, método de pago junto con las motivaciones y proyecciones de los estudiantes hacia la carrera. Los participantes reportaron una edad promedio de 22 años. Sesenta y un por ciento de los participantes fueron mujeres, y la mayoría terminó la enseñanza media en escuelas privadas o subvencionadas, con sólo un 21,5 por ciento que se graduó en escuelas públicas. Un gran número de estudiantes paga la universidad con dinero de sus padres (37,1 por ciento), seguido con créditos de diversa índole (27,9 por ciento). La mayoría de los estudiantes seleccionó odontología como primera preferencia (63,8 por ciento), y esa elección fue principalmente mediada por motivación personal. Este estudio entrega una descripción del perfil socio-demográfico y económico de los estudiantes de odontología en Chile y otorga una visión de la problemática que existe con los factores relacionados con la elección de la carrera. Además este estudio recomienda futuras áreas a investigar y el manejo por parte de los académicos para el desarrollo de programas futuros.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Young Adult , Choice Behavior , Students, Dental , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Collection , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Motivation , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
In order to design and implement public policies in the context of rural development, information tends to be gathered about family farming in different Latin American countries. In contrast, scarce attention has been given to the description of rural extensionists, who are the ones supporting family farming in the field. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted between 2010 and 2012 including surveys to rural extensions working in 10 different Latin American countries, this allowing for a preliminary description of the socio-demographic profile of the respondents. The samples were incidental ranging from 19 (Bolivia) to 220 (Argentina) subjects, this implying that they were not representative. Significant statistical differences were found with regards to the sex, age, experience, level of education and university degree of the samples pertaining to the different countries. In average, most extensionists are men (70.1%), age 40.3 and have little more than 11 years of experience as extensionists. Brazilian practitioners surveyed are the oldest, most educated and experienced among the different samples. In general, most extensionists have a technical background and are agricultural engineers. The Uruguayan sample showed the highest percentage of extensionists coming from the area of social sciences.
A fim de elaborar e implementar políticas públicas no contexto do desenvolvimento rural, é muito comum a coleta de informações sobre a distribuição e as características da agricultura familiar. Em contraste, tem sido dada pouca atenção à descrição sociodemográfica dos extensionistas rurais, que são os que apoiam a agricultura familiar no território. Entre 2010 e 2012, foi feita umtrabalho em que foram pesquisados extensionistas rurais que trabalham em 10 países latino-americanos diferentes, permitindo, assim, uma descrição preliminar do perfil sociodemográfico destes extensionistas. As amostras foram incidentais, variando de 19 indivíduos (Bolívia) a 220 (Argentina), implicando que elas não são representativas. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas no sexo, idade, experiência, nível de escolaridade e título academico dos extensionistas das amostras pertencentes aos diferentes países. Em média, a maioria dos extensionistas são homens (70,1%), tem 40,3 anos de idade e tem pouco mais de 11 anos de experiência como extensionistas rurais. Os brasileiros pesquisados são os mais idosos, educados e experientes entre as diferentes amostras. Em geral, a maioria dos extensionistas têm formação técnica e são engenheiros agrícolas. Na amostra uruguaia, pode ser encontrado o maior percentual de extensionistas provenientes da área das ciências sociais.
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El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer el perfil sociodemográfico y el patrón de uso de cocaína y crack, y su asociación con tabaco y otras sustancias entre usuarios que asisten a un tratamiento ambulatorio. Participaron 139 usuarios (87,3% hombres y 12,7% mujeres), que hicieron parte del 'Tratamiento breve para usuarios de cocaína' (TUBC), de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el cuestionario de preselección y la entrevista inicial. Encontramos que hay diferencias en el perfil de los consumidores de coca y los de crack. Sigue siendo mayor la proporción de consumidores de coca que de crack; los consumidores de coca tienen mayor escolaridad que los consumidores de crack; la mayoría de ambos consumidores han conservado un empleo. Más usuarios de coca habían asistido a un tratamiento. Estos resultados son muy útiles para ampliar el conocimiento sobre las características que tienen este tipo de consumidores y ayudar a perfilar los tratamientos específicos que cada uno requiere.
The aim of this investigation was to recognize the socio demographic profile of crack and cocaine consumers that have attended an ambulatory treatment. As a well as, to define the crack and cocaine usage patterns and their association with tobacco and other substances amongst these groups of consumers. 39 users took part in the investigation (87.3% men and 12.7 women) said participants had all received the Brief treatment for cocaine users (TUBC) at the faculty of psychology of the UNAM. The items used in this study were: a preselecting questionnaire and an intake interview. Our results showed that there are profile differences amongst cocaine and crack consumers. Firstly, the percentage of cocaine consumers is still higher than the percentage of those who take crack. Secondly, Cocaine consumers have a higher grade of education than crack consumers. Thirdly, there were more cocaine users that had previously attended a treatment. However, the majority of subjects in both groups had managed to maintain their Jobs. These results are very useful to widen the knowledge about the characteristics of each type of consumer; what is more, they help us define the specific treatment each type of consumer requires.
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The "Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil" are dispositives of treatment for children and adolescents suffering from severe mental disorders. This article describes sociodemografic characteristics of users of those centers between September 2008 and February 2009 in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Data from active files randomly selected was collected in 19 Centers in the state of São Paulo. The characteristics analyzed were divided in four groups of variables: identity; living conditions; family structure; schooling and occupation. The results indicated a higher concentration of users between 10 to 14 years-old; prevalence of males; tendency to nuclear and reduced family arrangements (45%); care primarily given by the mother (57%) and high frequency of users attending the regular school (86%). It was possible to identify a well-defined socio demographic profile of users, with differences regarding gender, attending the regular school and/or other institutions, as well as sharing a nuclear family arrangement...
Os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil são dispositivos de tratamento para transtornos mentais severos e persistentes em crianças e adolescentes. O artigo descreve características sociodemográficas de usuários destes centros, entre setembro de 2008 e fevereiro de 2009, no Estado de São Paulo. Foram coletados dados de prontuários ativos selecionados aleatoriamente em 19 Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil do Estado. As características analisadas originaram-se de quatro grupos de variáveis: identificação, moradia, estrutura familiar e escolaridade e ocupação. Os resultados apontaram para uma maior concentração de usuários de 10 a 14 anos de idade; prevalência do sexo masculino; tendência para arranjos familiares nucleares (45%), cuidado predominantemente materno (57%) e grande frequência de usuários em escola regular (86%). Foi identificado um perfil de usuário definido com diferenças de frequência relacionadas ao sexo, inserido na escola regular e/ou em outros tipos de instituições, bem como partilhando da convivência de uma família nuclear, especialmente contando com o cuidado materno...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adolescent , Child , Demography , Mental Health ServicesABSTRACT
Introducción: la artrosis de rodilla es una alteración de la superficie de uno o más de los tres componentes de la articulación femorotibial interno, externo y rotuliano. Existen factores de riesgo como la obesidad, tensiones o inestabilidad de la articulación, factores genéticos, alteraciones anatómicas, el ejercicio de contacto, traumatismos, entre otros, que predisponen a la enfermedad. Objetivo: determinar los factores sociodemográficos relacionados con el éxito o fracaso de la cirugía de prótesis de rodilla. Material y Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal durante el periodo de enero de 2009 a diciembre de 2010, en el Hospital Regional "Lic. Adolfo López Mateos" del ISSSTE en México. Se estudiaron los expedientes de 240 pacientes intervenidos de cirugía de prótesis de rodilla, de los cuales sólo 155 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se captó la información en programa Excel y SPSS 20, procediendo a realizar análisis de frecuencias, de variabilidad, de correlación y técnica multivariada de análisis discriminante. Resultados: de los 155 pacientes estudiados 30 (19,3 %) presentaron complicaciones. De las nueve variables, sólo dos presentaron significancia estadística: la edad con 48 (31 %), con p< -0,001 y Gamma -0,702, indicando una correlación buena, a mayor edad menos complicaciones. La ocupación con 53 activos (34,2 %), con p< 0,001 y Eta 0,301, indicó correlación baja, a mayor actividad más complicaciones. El índice de masa corporal arrojó un resultado no contundente. Conclusiones: los pacientes jóvenes y activos presentan mayores complicaciones. La obesidad tiene una influencia relativa.
Objective: To determine the social and demographic factors associated with the success or failure (complications), of knee prosthesis surgery, from January 2009 to December 2010, at the Regional Hospital Adolfo López Mateos (ISSSTE), in Mexico. Design: Descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. Population: post-surgery knee prosthesis patients. Method: 240 patients operated of knee prosthesis surgery records were studied; of which, only 155 met the inclusion criteria. The information was entered into the Excel and SPSS 20 program, carrying out analysis of frequencies, variability, correlation and multivariate technique of discriminant analysis. Results: From a population of 155 patients, 30 (19.3 %) presented complications. From the nine variables only two showed a statistical significance: at the age of 48 (31%), with p< -0.001 and Gamma - 0.702, indicated a good correlation, the older the lesser complications shown. The occupation with 53 assets (34.2 %), with p< 0.001 and Eta 0. 301, indicated a low correlation, to greater activity the more complications shown. There was no conclusive result in the MBI. Conclusions: Young and active patients have major complications. Obesity has a relative influence.
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Objetivo: Caracterizar sociodemográfica e clinicamente uma população de 50 anos ou mais, portadora do vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Métodos: Estudo descritivo exploratório com abordagem quantidade e corte transversal. Utilizou-se instrumento testado e validado quanto ao conteúdo para coleta de dados. Associações e comparações entre variáveis foram realizadas por meio dos testes Quiquadrado, Exato de Fisher, Mann-Whitney e Kappa. Resultados: Cento e nove pacientes, predominantemente do sexo masculino (57,8%), com idade média de 55,78 anos, sem união estável (65,1%), católicos (65,1%) e responsáveis pela manutenção do domicílio (81,7%) foram entrevistados. Foi observada relação estatisticamente significativa entre abandono de tratamento e escolaridade. Os entrevistados apresentaram condição satisfatória, considerando-se as possíveis alterações relacionadas à infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Conclusão: Prevaleceu como via de infecção a sexual para ambos os sexos. O que está registrado no prontuário do paciente difere significativamente do seu relato sobre a presença de doenças oportunistas. Houve associação significativa entre baixa escolaridade e abandono de tratamento. A forma fluida e sincera dos depoimentos dos participantes durante as entrevistas surpreendeu os pesquisadores.
ObjectiveThis study investigated the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of a populationaged 50 years or more with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiencysyndrome.MethodsThis exploratory, quantitative, cross-sectional study used a tested and validatedinstrument for data collection. The variables were compared and tested for associationsby the Chi-square, Fishers exact, and Mann-Whitney tests and Kappa statistic.ResultsThe study interviewed 109 patients with a mean age of 55.78 years. Most were males(57.8%), Catholics (65.1%), single (65.1%), and heads of household (81.7%). Educationlevel and treatment adherence were positively associated. Their clinical condition wassatisfactory, considering the problems caused by human immunodeficiency virusinfection.ConclusionSexual human immunodeficiency virus transmission prevailed for both genders. Thepatients medical records differed significantly from their reported opportunisticinfections. Education level and treatment adherence were positively associated. Thepatients openness and honesty during the interviews were unexpected.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Aged , HIV , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Evaluation Studies as TopicABSTRACT
The systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) currently a major public health problem, presents high medical and socioeconomic costs, and occurs concurrently with other diseases, of infectious origin or not. This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic profile of hypertensive patients with or without co-morbidities assisted in a health reference centre in a municipality of the northwest of the Paraná State, Southern Brazil. We gathered data from 250 medical records, concerning age, gender, race, marital status, educational level, professional duties, place of origin, reasons for seeking the services, occurrences of co-morbidities, and duration of systemic arterial hypertension. SAH occurred more often in the age group of 60-69 years old. The female gender was significantly different from the male. We observed the predominance of married (60.0%), Caucasian (76.0%), with fundamental level of education (54.4%), housewife (39.6%), living in neighborhood towns (58.0%), born in other regions than the Southern Brazil and have seek the service mainly for reasons not related to hypertension (p < 0.05). Cardiopathy of diverse etiology, Diabetes mellitus, Chagas disease and acute myocardial heart attack were identified in 98 patients (39.2%). Long-standing SAH was observed on 65.2% of the patients. The knowledge of the profile of the hypertensives, and principal associated diseases allows directing health actions in order to optimize resources, and make effective control of blood pressure and co-morbidities, including alternative intervention approaches to increase life expectation of patients.
A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), atualmente um dos principais problemas de saúde pública, apresenta custos médicos e socioeconômicos elevados e ocorre concomitantemente com outras doenças, de origem infecciosa ou não. Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever o perfil sociodemográfico e comorbidades de pacientes hipertensos atendidos em um centro de referência em saúde em município da região Noroeste do Paraná, Sul do Brasil. De 250 prontuários foram coletados dados referentes à idade, sexo, raça, estado civil, escolaridade, atividade profissional, procedência, naturalidade, motivo da procura pelo serviço, ocorrência de comorbidades e tempo da HAS.A HAS teve maior frequência na faixa etária de 60-69 anos. O gênero feminino foi significativamente diferente do masculino. Foram predominantes os casados (60,0%), da raça branca (76,0%), com Ensino Fundamental (54,4%), profissão do lar (39,6%), residentes em municípios vizinhos ao do estudo (58,0%), naturais de outras regiões que não a região Sul do Brasil e procuraram o serviço, principalmente, por motivos não -relacionados com a pressão alta (p < 0,05). A cardiopatia de diversas etiologias, Diabetes mellitus, doença de Chagas e infarto agudo do miocárdio ocorreram em 98 pacientes (39,2%). HAS de longa data foi observada em 65,2% dos pacientes. O conhecimento do perfil dos hipertensos e suas principais doenças associadas, permite direcionar as ações de saúde, otimizar recursos e tornar efetivo o controle da pressão arterial e das comorbidades, incluindo abordagens alternativas de intervenção com o intuito de aumentar a expectativa de vida dos pacientes
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Comorbidity , HypertensionABSTRACT
Objetivo: Descrever as características sócio-demográficas e identificar fatores de risco em pacientes pediátricos HIV positivos atendidos no Hospital de Ensino da Universidade de Lagos, Nigéria. Métodos: Estudo transversal no qual foi aplicado um questionário para avaliar as características sócio-demográficas de pacientes infantis HIV durante um período de 12 meses. Os dados foram analisados com o software Epi-Info 2002. Resultados: A maioria dos pais tinha abaixo do nível terciário de educação (mães, 72,7% e pais, 69,1%). Setenta por cento das mães HIV positiva, assim, a transmissão vertical parece ser o fator de risco mais prevalente. A maioria das crianças (68,1%) nasceu em hospitais privados e 78,2% oriundas de parto normal. Histórias de hospitalizações anteriores foram relatadas em 58,2% com a transfusão de sangue prévia em 30,9%. Mais de um terço das crianças (40,0%) pesava entre 2,5 e 2,9 kg ao nascimento. Conclusão: O nível de alfabetização, baixo nível socioeconômico e status de HIV familiar foram os principais fatores que contribuíram entre as crianças estudadas. Intervenções orientadas sobre as barreiras à assistência e conhecimento da infecção pelo HIV deve ser uma parte integrante do programa de prevenção do HIV.
Objective: To describe the socio-demographic characteristics of and identify risk factors in HIV positive paediatric patients presenting at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital.Methods: A descriptive questionnaire based cross-sectional study to assess socio-demographic characteristics of patients presenting to the Paediatric HIV clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital over a 12 month period. The data were analyzed using the Epi-Info 2002 statistical software for windows. Results: Majority of parents had below tertiary level of education; mothers, 72.7 % and fathers, 69.1 %. Seventy percent of the mothers were HIV positive thus mother to child transmission seems to be the most prevalent risk factor. Majority of the children, 68.1% were delivered at private hospitals and 78.2% through normal vagina delivery. History of previous hospitalizations reported in 58.2% with previous blood transfusion in 30.9%. Over one-third of the children, 40.0% weighed between 2.5 and 2.9kg at birth. Conclusions: The literacy level, poor socioeconomic background and parental HIV status were major contributory factors in the children studied. Targeted interventions on barriers to care and knowledge of HIV infection should be an integral part of the HIV prevention program.
Subject(s)
Humans , Socioeconomic Factors , Child , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , HIV , Nigeria , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Risk Factors , Data Interpretation, StatisticalABSTRACT
Introducción: Aunque en los servicios de salud a nivel mundial existe deficiencia de personal de enfermería, en América Latina el índice de deserción en las escuelas de enfermería es elevado; esta problemática recae en trabajadores en ejercicio quienes deben brindar cuidado enfermero en situaciones de cansancio y estrés. La problemática lleva a pensar que no existen características adecuadas en los estudiantes que ingresan para cursar favorablemente la carrera. Objetivo: Determinar las características sociodemográficas, económicas, familiares, de antecedentes escolares e intereses profesionales de estudiantes que ingresan a estudiar la carrera de Enfermería. Suponemos una relación entre deserción e intereses u objetivos que guiaron a alumnos en la selección de carrera, sus características socio-económicas-familiares y del plantel que provienen. Metodología: Estudio transversal y descriptivo, se consideró el 100% de las cédulas de tutoría aplicadas a estudiantes de Enfermería que ingresaron entre 2001 y 2006. Los datos sociodemográficos, económicos y familiares se obtuvieron por medio de preguntas abiertas o cerradas, para clasificar nivel socioeconómico se utilizó la propuesta de Sigmarket, los intereses profesionales se evaluaron a partir de una escala tipo likert. Resultados: El perfil obtenido mostró una población joven, predominantemente solteros, que no realizan trabajo remunerado, dependen económicamente de sus padres, de condiciones socioeconómicas precarias, sus intereses están orientados hacia la obtención de conocimientos y aspectos de carácter social Conclusiones: Fue importante identificar una tendencia, aunque no significativa estadísticamente, de permanencia en mayor medida de los alumnos con condiciones sociales más precarias, y aquellos cuyos intereses de orden social se ubican en el nivel más alto.
Introduction: Although it exists a deficiency in nursing staff at a global level in health services, in Latin America the rate of dropout in nursing schools is high; this problem lies over workers who must provide nurse care in situations of fatigue and stress. The problem leads us to think there are no appropriate characteristics for students to successful fulfill their career. Objective: to determine the socio demographic, economic and family characteristics, school background and professional interests of students entering nursing. We assume an existing relationship between dropout, the interests or goals that guided students in the selection of the career in nursing, the socio-economic-family characteristics and the institution of origin. Methodology: cross-sectional and descriptive study that considered the 10000% of admission interviews made to incoming nursing students from 200001 to 200006. The socio-demographic, economical and familiar data were obtained from closed and openended questions; the Sigmarket proposal was used for the classification of the socioeconomic level, the professional interests were evaluate from a likert scale. Results; the obtained profile showed a young population, mainly single, that doesn't have a paid job and depends from their parents economically, from a low socio-economic conditions, their interests are focus towards the acquisition of knowledge and aspects of social nature. Conclusions: it was important to identify a mayor tendency, although not statistically significant, of continuing the career from part of the students with lower social conditions and those whose social interests are located in the highest level.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young AdultABSTRACT
La Unidad de Apoyo a la Enseñanza de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de la República presenta una primera aproximación sobre quiénes son y cómo se desempeñan los estudiantes de Odontología en las etapas de ingreso y egreso de la carrera. Se elabora un perfil sociodemográfico a partir del Censo 2007 y se estudia con los datos inicialmente disponibles en la institución el desemplo de varios cohortes a través de las dimensiones de rendimiento académico, avance de la carrera, ritmo y nivel de egreso. Como resultados del estudio se destaca: 1) un perfil de matrícula estudiantil netamente feminizada, dividido paritariamente en su procedencia capitalina y del interior del país, y mayoritariamente procedente de liceos públicos (70%); 2) un nivel de rezago y desvinculación entre el primer y segundo año de la carrera que se ubica en el entorno del 50%; 3) un ritmo de egreso relativamente lento que, no obstante, alcanza una eficiencia terminal cercana al 50%.