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Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most predominant type of oral cancer which has a poor prognosis, with 5-year survival rates less than 50%. Clinical characteristics such as tumor position, TNM classification and method of treat- ment, as well as histological grades have all been studied as OSCC prognostic factors but evaluating the genetic expression is the evolving trend in early diagnosis. Aim: To compare the gene expression of TGF-?-1, GSK3, Pi3 kinase in OSCC and normal tissue samples and to correlate the expression levels of these molecules with the pathological grading and survival in OSCC patients. Also to understand the role of GSK3 in Pi3 kinase pathway and TGF-? signaling pathway in OSCC progression thereby attempting targeted therapy in OSCC patients. Materials and Methods: 10 OSCC samples as well as normal healthy samples were collected and RNA isolation was done us- ing RNA easy kit from Qiagen (Valencia, CA), and thensubjected to cDNA synthesis using Human TGF-?1, Human GSK3? and Human Pi3 kinase primers. Real time PCR was performed using gene specific primers at 40 cycles. The results were retrieved, tabulated and analyzed. Results: The current research results revealed that there were up regulation of mRNA expression in GSK3, TGF ?-1 and Pi3 kinase in OSCC patients than in healthy individuals. On comparison, Pi3 kinase showed highest mRNA expression levels than GSK3 and TGF ?-1. Conclusion: The expression of GSK3 and its role in activation of Pi3 kinase pathway plays a crucial role in progression of oral cancer and targeting GSK3?could be a novel and targeted approach for treating OSCC.
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Increase in size and number of bronchial blood vessels as well as hyperaemia are factors that contribute to airway wall remodelling in patients with chronic airway diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Expression of transforming growth factor 1 (TGF-1), a multifunctional cytokine as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key angiogenic molecule, has been shown in the inflammed airways in patients with chronic airway diseases. TGF-1 has been implicated in the regulation of extracellular matrix, leading to airway remodelling in patients with chronic airway diseases. However, the role of TGF-1 in regulating VEGF expression in patients with chronic airway diseases, as well as the underlying mechanisms are not yet well established. We investigated whether TGF-1 stimulates VEGF expression in vitro and hence could influence vascular remodelling. Cultured human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMC) were serum deprived for 60 h before incubation with 5ng/ml of TGF-1 for different time points. Control cells received serum-free culture medium. TGF‑1, treatment resulted in time dependent HASMC cell proliferation with maximal values for DNA biosynthesis at 24 h and cell number at 48 h. Northern blot analysis of VEGF mRNA expression showed increased levels in cells treated with TGF-1 for 4 to 8 h. TGF-1 also induced a time-dependent release of VEGF proteins in the conditioned medium after 48 h of treatment. Furthermore, the ability of HASMC-released VEGF proteins to induce human umbilical vein endothelial cells proliferation was inhibited by VEGF receptor antagonist, confirming that TGF-1 induced VEGF was biologically active. We conclude that TGF-1 in addition to an extracellular matrix regulator also could play a key role in bronchial angiogenesis and vascular remodelling via VEGF pathway in asthma.
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[Objective] To study the mechanisms and effects of panax notoginsenosides(PNS)on myocardial fibrosis in chronic viral myocarditic(VMC)mice.[Methods]The model mice with VMC at chronic status were established by repetitive infection of Coxsckievirus B3m(CVB3m).Heart changes of myocardium and collagen hyperplasia were observed by HE and VG stain.Collagen volume fraction(CVF)and perivascular circuferential area(PVCA)were examined by pathological examination with computed processing.Myocardium TGF-?1 was detected by immunohistochemical method and mRNA expression of TGF-?1 was analyzed by Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)method.[Results]Marked myocardial fibrosis was observed in chronic VMC model group.Compared with blank group,the index of CVF and PVCA was increased significantly(P
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Objective:To investigate whether the expression of protein VEGF and TGF-?1 can be used as an indextoestimate injuryage in the field of forensic medicine by approaching the temporal relation of VEGF and TGF-?1 expression with injury in the healing process of the incised wounds on rat skin.Methods:Experimental rat models were established by incisions made on the rat skin.the rat models were divided randomly into three groups:the experimental group,the normal group,and the postmortem injured group.The expression of VEGF and TGF-?1 were observed with Immunohistochemical techniques in their process of cicatrization.Results:In the experimental group,the expression of VEGF and TGF-?1 were higher than those in the normal control and postmortem injury group(P
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Objective:To detect the expression of TGF-?1 in tibia and fibula fracture with two methods of compression plate fixation and intramedullary nail fixation,and to evaluate their therapeutic effects.Methods:117 patients with non severe tibia and fibula fractures were separated into two groups.One group received pressurized plates fixation for treatment,the other received intramedullary nail fixation.On 1,7,30 and 90 days after surgery,TGF-?1 was detected by ELISA,and on 30 days after surgery the clinical efficacy were also assessed. Results:The TGF-?1 content increased on 7 days as compared with that on 1 days after surgery,and the TGF-?1 content gradually decreased at on 30 to 90 days after surgery.The TGF-?1 content in compression plate fixation group were lower than that in intramedullary nailing group every points of four days(P
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Objective:To explore the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on renal expression of TGF-?1 and HGF in type 1 diabetic rats.Methods:30 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 3 groups:normal control rats(group NC),diabetic rats(group DM ) and diabetic rats treated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(group DC).Kidney-to-body weight ratio(KW/BW),mean glomerular volume(MGV),fractional mesangial area(FMA),urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER)and serum creatinine(Scr)were measured after 12 weeks of treatment,while transforming growth factor-betal(TGF-?1) expression in kidney cortex were observed by immunohistochemistry.The expression levels of TGF-?1 mRNA and HGF mRNA were detected by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) at the end of the experiment.Results:UAER,Scr,MGV,FMA and KW/BW ratio were significantly higher in the diabetic rats than those in the normal control rats(P
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Objective To observe the effect of PI3K/AKT signal passageway on renal tubulointerstitial fibrogenesis of UUO rats.Methods Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups,the sham-operated group and the uuo model group.The model group's left ureter was dissociated to be obstructed.The sham-operated group was dissociated left ureter only without obstruction.Five rats of each group were killed respectively at 5,10,15(days after) surgery.Histological changes of renal tubular interstitium was observed by HE and Masson staining.Immunohistochemistry was performed on left renal tubular interstitium for AKT1,phospho-AKT1,TGF-?1 in renal(tubulointerstitum) at each time point.Results AKT1,phospho-AKT1and TGF-?1 were faintly stained in the sham-operated kidneys.Immunostaining of AKT1,phospho-AKT1 and TGF-?1 in renal tubulointerstitium increased(progressively) starting from 5 to 15 days after UUO(vs sham-operated group,P
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Objective To investigate the effect of high glucose on the expression of transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1),?-SMA,E-Cadherin in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells(HKCs)and role of AG490,an antagonist of Janus kinase.Methods Cultured HKCs cells were divided into four groups:low glucose group(LG),high glucose group(HG),high mannitol group(LG+M),and HG+AG490 group(AG).Immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis were used to measure the expressions of tryosine phosphorylated Janus kinase 2(p-JAK2),STAT1,STAT3,p-STAT1,p-STAT3 and ?-SMA,E-Cadherin.The contents of TGF-?1 and type I collagen in the supernatants of the cultured HKCs were detected by ELISA.TGF-?1 mRNA were measured by RT-PCR.ResultsCompared with low glucose control group,the expressions of JAK2,p-STAT1,p-STAT3 and TGF-?1 mRNA were significantly increased in HG group from 6 to 72 h.Meanwhile,the contents of TGF-?1 and collagen I in the supernatants and the expression of ?-SMA were increased,the expression of E-Cadherin was decreased.The expression of JAK2,p-STAT1,p-STAT3 and TGF-?1 mRNA and the level of TGF-?1,collagen I in the supernatant s in HG+AG490 group were obviously lower than those of the HG group.The expression of ?-SMA and E-Cadherinwas also decreased in HG+AG490 group.Conclusion Activation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway seems to be involved in the high glucos induced overproduction of TGF-?1 and ECM proteins in HKCs.
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Objective To detect the effects of pancreatic kininogenase on the expression of TGF-?1 and collagen remodeling in myocardiom of spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR).Methods Twenty-four male SHR(aged fifteen weeks)were randomly divided into three groups:SHR group,pancreatic kininogenase group and captopril group(n=8),8 male Wistar Kyoto rats with normol blood pressure was considered as control group.Pancreatic kininogenase was given by peritoneal injection(7.2 U? kg-1? d-1),captopril was given by intragastric administration(10 mg? kg-1? d-1),the rats in SHR group and control group were administered with 0.9% NaCl(2 mL ? kg-1? d-1)through peritoneal injection.After four-week experiment,the pressure was measured in rats througth carotid artery,the rats were sacrificed and left ventricular mass index,collagen volume fraction,peripheral vascular collagen area were measured.Myocardial tissue was stained with VG and pathological changes were observed.The expression of TGF-?1 were detected by immunohistochemical technique(SP method).Results The systolic blood pressure,left ventricular mass index,collagen volume fraction,peripheral vascular collagen area and the expression level of TGF-?1 in SHR group were obviously higher than those in control group(P0.05).Conclusion Pancreatic kininogenase can obviously control pressure and reverse myocardial fibrosis probably by decreasing the expression of TGF-?1 in SHR.
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Objective To investigate MVD, TSP-1, TGF-?1 expression in GH-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas by immunohistochemistry, and to correlate data with clinical characteristics.Methods The protein expression of TSP-1, TGF-?1 in 48 surgical specimens (21 invasive cases; 27 non-invasive cases) of pituitary adenomas was measured using immunohistochemical method. The relationship between the expression and clinical properties was examined. MVD was measured by detecting CD34.Results Compared with the noninvasive group, no difference of expression of CD34(t=2.257; P=0.083) was observed. The expression of TSP-1 in invasive group was low. The expression of TGF-?1 was higher in invasive cases than that in noninvasive ones. The expression of TGF-?1 had positive correlations with MVD; but there was no correlation between the expression of CD34 and the invasion of pituitary adenomas. In addition, MVD count was not associated with the expression of TSP-1. Size, sex or rate of recurrence did not influence MVD and TSP-1 expression. Conclusion MVD values do not necessarily represent angiogenesis in pituitary adenomas. TGF-?1 may increase MVD, and TSP-1 does not affect MVD in pituitary adenomas and angiogenesis may be regulated by other pathway.
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Objective To investigate the effect of pancreatic kininogenase on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 2(MMP-2), transfer growth factor-?_ 1 (TGF-?_ 1 ) and ventriculer remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods Twenty-four male 15 weeks SHR were randomly divided into three groups: SHR group, pancreatic kininogenase treatment group(PK: 7.2 U/kg?d), captopril treatment group(Cap: 10 mg/kg?d)(n=8 in each), 8 Wister Kyoto were served as control. After four weeks, blood pressure were measured througth carotid artery catherization. Myocardial tissue was stained with VG and pathological changes were studied. MMP-2, TGF-?_ 1 were determined by immunohisto-chemical technique(SP method). Results In pancreatic kininogenase treated SHR, SBP(183?12 vs SHR: 234?23)mm Hg, LVMI(2.89?0.15 vs SHR: 3.06?0.18)mg/g, CVF(0.17?0.03 vs SHR: 0.26?0.05)%, PVCA(0.57?0.26 vs SHR: 0.99?0.47)% and expression of MMP-2, TGF-?_ 1 in SHR were significantly improved (P
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[Objective]To study the effect of TGF?1 on the expression of fibronectin and ?1 integrin receptor in chronic viral myocarditis of myocardial fibrosis induced by repeated virus infection and the interventional effect of QingXin.[Methods] Establish mice model of myocardial fibrosis in chronic stage of viralmyocarditis,then divide the mice model into model group,captopril group,QingXinⅡ high dose,medium dose and low dose groups.The normal group and model group are given saline through stomach perfusing,as well as the treated group are given respectively captopril and QingXinⅡ high,medium and low dose in the same way.After the treatment,hearts are collected,CVB3-RNA are detected by RT-PCR,TGF?1 and FN are detected by immunohistochemical technique,integrin?1 are analyzed by immunofluorescence staining-confocal laser scanning.[Results] After having done the model,TGF?1,integrin?1,FN has increased obviously;virus can be detected in themyocardium by RT-PCR;after the intervention of QingXinⅡ,TGF?1,integrin?1,FN has decreased,virus has reduced in treated group.[Conclusion] Virus,TGF?1,integrin?1 and FN have important effects on the formation ofmyocardial fibrosis;QingXinⅡ has the function of antivirus and anti-myocardial fibrosis.
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Objective To examine the change of TGF-?1 in the bloods of rats which were induced by tetrachoride during the different times and to explain the mechanism of the change.MethodsThe experimental liver fibrosis induced by tetrachloride in rats was treated by matrine compound injection.Serum TGF-?1 and pathological changes in liver tissue were observed in control group,model group and therapy group during the time of the 4th,6th and 9th week.ResultsThere was an obvious change of TGF-?1 in the blood in different time and different groups.ConclusionMatrine compound injection has an antifibrogenetic action and TGF-?1 can reflect the change of liver fibrogenesis of different time as an index.
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[Aim]To study the effects of Ruanganyin on TGF-1,Smad3,Smad7 expressions of the experimental hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats,and to explore its anti-fibrotic molecular mechanism.[Method] Forty healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group,vacant control group,CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis group,and Ruanganyin treated group.The rats in normal group were treated with normal saline by intragastrical irrigation,and the other groups were subcutaneous injected with CCl4 to establish hepatic fibrosis model.The histological changes of the liver tissues were examined by pathological examination.The protein expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-1) and Smad3,Smad7 were measured by immunohistochemical technique.[Result] In comparison with those inmodel group,the levels of TGF-1 were significantly decreased after treatment with Ruanganyin.Meanwhile,the levels of Smad3 was also down-regulated.However,the level of Smad7 expression was significantly up-regulated.The pathological changes of liver tissues in Ruanganyin groups were also markedly alleviated.[Conclusion] Ruanganyin has significant inhibitory effects on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats,and its mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of TGF-1 expression,down-regulation of Smad3 expression and up-regulation of Smad7 expression.
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Objective To study effects of low molecular weight heparin on liver fibrosis and the serum levels of TGF-?_1 in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus.Methods 45 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus were randomized into control group(the routine strategy)and trial group(the routine strategy + low molecular weight heparin).The period of treatment is 3 weeks.Serum hepatic fibrosis indices before and after heparin treatment were examined by RIA,the levels of serum TGF-?_1 before and after heparin treatment were examined by ELISA.Results Hepatic functions became significantly better in trial groups,serum PⅢP and type IV collage levels and the levels of serum TGF-?_1 in trial group decreased significantly after treatment.Conclusions The mechanism of anti-fibrosis action of LMWH may inhibited production of TGF-?_1 in patients with HBV.
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Objective To study the relationship between the changing law of cytokine gene expression profile and tumor-related fatigue and to verify the preliminary theory conclusion that the pathogenesis of tumor-related fatigue may be due to the up-regulation of the TNF,TGF-?,etc.Methods The changing characteristics of gene expression profile of cytokines were studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells samples with gene chip.Results The gene expression level of TNF-? and TGF-?1 was up regulated.Conclusions The experimental results conform to the theory research conclusion and show that the pathogenesis of tumor-related fatigue due to the up-regulation of the gene expression level of TNF and TGF-?.
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Objective To investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of Decorin on pulmonary fibrosis.Methods A total of 90 healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups:group A served as control group,group B was injected BLMA5 through trachea,group C was injected BLMA5 and received treatment of Decorin.Ten rats in each group were killed 7、14、28 days after intratrachael instillation.TGF-?_1 expression was measured by immunohistochemical technique.The degree of alveolitis and fibrosis were measured by HE staining.The contents of hydroxideproline were measured in the homodenate of the rat lung.Results The expressions of TGF-?_1 were increased gradually in group B;in group C the expressions were decreased significantly than group B(P
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Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of CCl_(4) inducing fibrosis in hepatic stellate cells.Methods The expression of Transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1) at mRNA and protein level were detected by RT-PCR method and Western blot analysis.The proliferation and cell cycle distribution were detected with MTT method and flow cytometry.Results After treatment by(10 mmol/L) CCL_(4) for 24 hours,the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-?1 in CCl_(4) group sharply increased.In the meantime,the proliferation of CCl_(4) group cells was markedly increased.There were less G_(0)/G_(1) phase_() cells and more G_(2)/M phase cells in CCl_(4) group than those in control group.Conclusion Suitable CCl_(4) may increase the expression of TGF-?1 and the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells,which is one of mechanisms leading to hepatic fibrosis.
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Objective To observe the effect of bronchial asthma in rats treated by Chuanzhuping,a prescription which has the function of dispersing lung Qi and invigorating spleen Qi,and explore its possible mechanism.Method Thirty-two male Wistar rats of SPF level were divided into four groups randomly:control group(A),asthma group(B),Dexamethasone group(C) and Xiaozhuping group(D).Except group A,the others were established animal model of asthma.After drawing materials,hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining were performed.The pathological changes in bronchopulmonary tissue of rats were detected.The basementmembrane perimeter(Pbm),the airwaywall area(Wat) and the smooth musclewall area(Wam) were measured and calculated by using image analysis system.The concentration of transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1) in bronchopulmonary tissue was observed by immunohistochemical method and the integral optical density(IOD values) of it was measured.Results In bronchopulmonary tissue of group B,Wat,Wam and the concentration of TGF-?1 increased,and were significantly different from that in group A(P0.05).In group D,the concentration of TGF-?1 decreased and was significantly different from that in group C(P
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Objectives To study the effect of cooling blood and invigorating circulation method on prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis,and explore its mechanism.Methods Male ICR mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:negative control group,pulmonary fibrosis model group,cooling blood and invigorating circulation group and prednisone positive control group.The pulmonary fibrosis model of mice were established by BLM nasal instillation.After 8 hours,the mice were given prescription of cooling blood and invigorating circulation(Xijiao Dihuang decoction) by gastric perfusion.At the 28th day after treatment,the indexes were detected.The TGF-?1 content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) was tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,and hydroxyproline(HYP) was examined by alkaline hydrolysis.Results The degree of airsacculitis and fibrosis in model group are obviously higher than the negative control group by pathological observation.Compared with model group,HYP content was decreased obviously in herb group(P