Analysis of the distribution of microhardness, mineral, and organic content of human, bovine, and ovine teeth / Análisis de la distribución de microdureza, contenido mineral y orgánico de dientes humanos, bovinos y ovinos

Objetive. Human teeth have been commonly used for in vitro and in situ studies. Cu­rrently, other animals' teeth have been purposed for dental research to overcome human teeth' problematic availability. This study aimed to investigate the enamel and dentin from human, bovine, and ovine teeth concerning the microhardness, organic, and in­ organic contents via micro­Raman spectroscopy. Methods. Human, bovine, and ovine teeth were divided according to their type and age into seven groups: Ovine; Bovine­12 months; Bovine­24 months; Bovine­36 months; Bovine­48 months; Bovine­+60 months; Human (control). The enamel's microhardness (superficial and deep) and den­tin (superficial, middle, and deep) were analyzed. The calcium/phosphate ratio and am­ide contents were determined by micro­Raman spectroscopy. Results. Overall, the mi­crohardness of human enamel was superior to the other species. Dentin's microhardness was similar among groups. Ovine group showed lower values of calcium/phosphate ratio than human. Amide content was similar between bovine and human. The microhardness and calcium/phosphate ratio of enamel and dentin, respectively, decreased as the age of bovine teeth increased. Conclusions. Researchers must be aware and take into consider­ation the differences of ovine and bovine enamel compared to human enamel. Other al­ternatives that are more similar to the microhardness of human enamel should be sought. Bovine teeth of 12 and 24 months are suitable substitutes for dentin of human teeth. Researchers must also be aware of the age of the animals and specify it in the studies.

Objetivo. Los dientes humanos se han utilizado comúnmente para estudios in vitro e in situ. Actualmente, los dientes de otros animales se han destinado a la investiga­ción dental para superar la disponibilidad problemática de los dientes humanos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el esmalte y la dentina de los dientes humanos, bovinos y ovinos en relación con la microdureza y los contenidos orgánicos e inor­gánicos a través de la espectroscopia micro­Raman. Métodos. Los dientes humanos, bovinos y ovinos se dividieron según su tipo y edad en siete grupos: Ovinos; Bovino­12 meses; Bovino­24 meses; Bovino­36 meses; Bovino­48 meses; Bovino­+60 meses; Hu­mano (control). Se analizó la microdureza del esmalte (superficial y profunda) y de la dentina (superficial, media y profunda). La relación calcio/fosfato y los contenidos de amida se determinaron mediante espectroscopía micro­Raman. Resultados. En general, la microdureza del esmalte humano fue superior a la de otras especies. La microdureza de la dentina fue similar entre los grupos. El grupo ovino mostró valores más bajos de la relación calcio/fosfato que el humano. El contenido de amida fue similar entre bovinos y humanos. La microdureza y la relación calcio/fosfato del esmalte y la dentina, respectiva­mente, disminuyeron a medida que aumentaba la edad de los dientes bovinos. Conclusiones. El esmalte de los dientes ovinos y bovinos no es un sustituto adecuado del de los dientes humanos. Se deben buscar otras alternativas que sean similares a la microdureza del esmalte humano. Sin embargo, los dientes bovinos de 12 y 24 meses son sustitutos adecuados de la dentina de los dientes humanos. Los investigadores deben conocer la edad de los animales y especificarla en los estudios.

Tissue repair capacity of bioceramic endodontic sealers in rat subcutaneous tissue

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the tissue repair capacity of four bioceramic endodontic sealers by quantifying type I and III collagen fibers. The following sealers were tested: EndoSequence BC Sealer (Brasseler, Brasseler, Savannah, USA), Bio C Sealer (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil), Bioroot RCS (Septodont, Santa Catarina, Brazil), and Sealer Plus BC (MKLife, Porto Alegre, Brazil). Polyethylene tubes 1.5 mm in diameter and 1 cm in length containing the endodontic sealers were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of five rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar lineage). After 14 days, the animals were euthanized, and collagen fibers were quantified from the histological tissue sections. Given a non-normal distribution of the data, a gamma regression with log link function was employed and implemented through the generalized linear models module, was used to test whether there was a significant difference between the sealers. The pairwise comparison was performed using Least significant difference. There were significant differences between the sealers for type I (p=0.001), type III (p=0.023), and total collagen (p=0.002). Overall, Bioroot sealer was statistically superior to the other sealers, except in the analysis of type III collagen, in which there was no difference between the Bioroot sealer and Bio C Sealer sealer and the control group (p>0.05). Bioroot RCS bioceramic endodontic sealer stimulates a greater production of collagen.

Resumo Este estudo visou avaliar a capacidade de reparação de tecidos de quatro cimentos endodônticos biocerâmicos através da quantificação de fibras colágenas de tipo I e III. Foram testados os seguintes cimentos: EndoSequence BC Sealer (Brasseler, Brasseler, Savannah, EUA), Bio C Sealer (Angelus, Londrina, Brasil), Bioroot RCS (Septodont, Santa Catarina, Brasil), e Sealer Plus BC (MKLife, Porto Alegre, Brasil). Foram implantados tubos de polietileno de 1,5 mm de diâmetro e 1 cm de comprimento contendo os cimentos endodônticos no tecido subcutâneo de cinco ratos (Rattus norvegicus albinus, linhagem Wistar). Após 14 dias, os animais foram eutanasiados e as fibras colágenas foram quantificadas a partir de cortes histológicos do tecido. Diante de uma distribuição não-normal dos dados, uma regressão gama com função de ligação log, implementada por meio do módulo de modelos lineares generalizados, foi empregada para testar se havia diferença significativa entre os cimentos. A comparação dois a dois foi realizada utilizando Least significant difference. Houve diferença significativa entre os cimentos para os colágenos tipo I (p=0,001), tipo III (p=0,023) e colágeno total (p=0,002). No geral, o cimento Bioroot foi estatisticamente superior aos demais cimentos, com exceção na análise do colágeno tipo III na qual não houve diferença entre o cimento Bioroot e o cimento Bio C Sealer e o grupo controle (p>0,05). O cimento endodôntico biocerâmico Bioroot RCS foi capaz de estimular uma maior produção de colágeno.

Síndrome de Ehlers Danlos tipo III en un adolescente masculino

Introducción: El síndrome de Ehlers Danlos tipo III o síndrome de hiperlaxitud articular benigna, consiste en una alteración genética del colágeno tipo III/I con un patrón de herencia autosómico dominante, caracterizado por la presencia de articulaciones con una amplitud de movilidad incrementada y síntomas musculoesqueléticos y extraesqueléticos. Objetivo: Valorar la importancia de la aplicación del método clínico para el diagnóstico del Síndrome de Ehlers Danlos tipo III. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de un adolescente masculino de 15 años de edad con diagnóstico clínico reciente del Síndrome de Ehlers Danlos tipo III. Conclusiones: Para lograr un diagnóstico certero del síndrome de Ehlers Danlos tipo III es imprescindible aplicar con ciencia y conciencia el método clínico.

Introduction: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type III or benign joint hyperlaxity syndrome consists in a genetic alteration of collagen type III/I with a dominant autosomal inheritance pattern, characterized by the presence of joints with increased range of motion, as well as musculoskeletal and extraskeletal symptoms. Objective: To assess the importance of applying the clinical method for the diagnosis of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type III. Clinical case: The case is presented of a 15-year-old male adolescent with a recent clinical diagnosis of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type III. Conclusions: In order to achieve an accurate diagnosis of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type III, it is essential to apply the clinical method scientifically and conscientiously.

Adventitial Collagen Cross-Linking by Glutaraldehyde Reinforcing Human Saphenous Vein - Implication for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

ABSTRACT Introduction: A weak venous wall is one of the major reasons contributing to vein graft failure after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We investigated whether adventitial collagen cross-linking by glutaraldehyde reinforces venous wall, preserving the endothelium of veins during high-pressure distention. Methods: Human saphenous veins (SVs) were collected from 40 patients undergoing CABG, and adventitia cross-linking was performed with 0.3% glutaraldehyde for five minutes. The cross-linked SVs were accessed by biodegradation assay, immunofluorescent staining, and tensile test. Native SVs and cross-linked SVs from another 20 patients received the 200 mmHg pressure distention for two minutes. Pressure-induced injury of SVs were accessed by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Results: Time to digestion was 97±13 minutes for native SVs and 720±0 minutes for cross-linked SVs (P<0.05). After adventitial cross-linking, the collagen I fibres of the vein remarkably presented with compact and nonporous arrangement. In the high-stretch region (stretch ratio 1.4-1.8), the Young's elastic modulus of stress-stretch ratio curve in cross-linked SVs was larger than that in native SVs (13.88 vs. 5.83, P<0.05). The cross-linked SVs had a lower extent of endothelial denudation without fibre fracture during high-pressure distension than native SVs. Comparing with the non-cross-linked SVs, the percentage of endothelial nitric oxide synthase staining length on the endothelium of cross-linked SVs was significantly preserved after high-pressure distension (85.2% vs. 64.7%, P<0.05). Conclusion: Adventitial collagen cross-linking by glutaraldehyde reinforced venous wall by increasing stiffness and decreasing extensibility of SVs and mitigated the endothelial damage under high-pressure distension.

Fibronectin FNDC10 promotes malignant biological behaviors of breast cancer cells by enhancing STAT3 activation / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effects of fibronectin Ⅲ domain containing protein 10 (FNDC10) on the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells, and to primarily explore the mechanism. Methods: TCGA database was used to analyze the expression of FNDC10 in breast cancer tissues. The mRNA level of FNDC10 in normal immortalized breast cells (MCF-10A) and breast cancer cells (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, BT549, MDA-MB-468, HCC1806, HCC1937) was detected by qPCR. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with FNDC10 siRNA or NC-siRNA for functional experiments. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effect of FNDC10 on the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Colony forming assay was used to detect the colony forming ability of breast cancer cells. Transwell assay was used to detect the effect of FNDC10 on migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. WB was used to detect the changes of metastasis-related molecules and cell signaling pathways at protein level. Results:The expression of FNDC10 in breast cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues (P<0.01), and the expression level of FNDC10 in breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells was higher than that in normal breast cells (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Knocking down FNDC10 expression inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The mechanism study showed that knockdown of FNDC10 expression inhibited STAT3 activation in breast cancer cells (P<0.01 or P<0.05) and enhanced the expression of EMT maker E-cadherin (P<0.05), leading to the suppression of EMT progression. Conclusion: FNDC10 promotes proliferation and EMT of breast cancer cells through activating STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby promoting the malignant progression of breast cancer.

Experimental investigation of early assessment of corpora cavernosa fibrosis with two-dimensional shear wave elastography / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

This study explored the usefulness of two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) in the early assessment of corpora cavernosa fibrosis (CCF). New Zealand male rabbits were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group. Recombinant human transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) was injected into the dorsal penis tissue of rabbits in the experimental group. Conventional ultrasound and 2D-SWE examinations were performed before and 20 days after injection. Penile histological analysis was performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, sirius red staining, and immunohistochemistry. Measurement of 2D-SWE examination results was performed using shear wave elastography quantitative measurement (SWQ). Histological analysis outcomes were the proportion of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), collagen fibers (CFs), collagen type I (Col I), and collagen type III (Col III), as well as the SMCs/CFs ratio, measured by sirius red staining. Other histological analysis outcomes were the positive area proportion (PAP) of TGF-β1 (PAPT), fibronectin (PAPF), and Col III (PAPC), measured by immunohistochemistry. After recombinant human TGF-β1 injection, SWQ was higher in the experimental group than that in the control group (P < 0.001); however, there were no differences in conventional ultrasound results. There were significant differences in histological outcomes between the two groups (all P < 0.05). These results indicated that 2D-SWE was superior for identifying early histological changes in CCF.

Effectiveness of FibroTouch combined with four hepatic fibrosis biomarkers for evaluation of the liver fibrosis degree among patients with chronic schistosomiasis-induced liver disorders / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To evaluate the performance of FibroTouch in combination with four hepatic fibrosis biomarkers for assessment of the degree of hepatic fibrosis among patients with chronic schistosomiasis-induced liver disorders. Methods A total of 63 patients with chronic schistosomiasis-induced liver diseases admitted to The Third People’s Hospital of Kunshan City from January to March 2021 were enrolled as the observation group, while 50 healthy volunteers receiving health examinations in the hospital during the study period were randomly selected as the control group. The liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was determined using the FibroTouch technique, and the serum levels of four hepatic fibrosis biomarkers were detected using chemilumi-nescence immunoassay, including type IV collagen (IV-C), type III procollagen (PC-III), hyaluronidase (HA) and laminin (LN). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of LSM and four hepatic fibrosis biomarkers alone and in combination for assessing the degree of hepatic fibrosis among patients with chronic schistosomiasis-induced liver disorders were plotted and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was estimated to examine the value of LSM and four hepatic fibrosis biomarkers alone and in combination for assessing the degree of hepatic fibrosis. Results There were 63 subjects in the observation group, including 28 men and 35 women, and the participants had a mean age of (65.34 ± 12.56) years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of (24.47 ± 11.05) kg/m2. There were 50 subjects in the control group, including 22 men and 28 women, and the participants had a mean age of (64.28 ± 13.10) years and a mean BMI of (25.12 ± 11.64) kg/m2. There were no significant differences between the observation and control groups in terms of gender ratio (χ2 = 0.002, P > 0.05), age (t = 0.437, P > 0.05) or BMI (t = 0.303, P > 0.05). The LSM [(8.65 ± 5.22) vs. (3.24 ± 1.10) kPa; t = 8.013, P < 0.05], IV-C [(51.80 ± 9.45) vs. (30.10 ± 10.34) ng/L; t = 11.506, P < 0.05], PC-III [(77.28 ± 17.22) vs. (48.62 ± 9.54) ng/L; t = 11.224, P < 0.05], HA [(39.55 ± 5.32) vs. (84.89 ± 10.34) ng/L; t = 30.158, P < 0.05] and LN [(99.47 ± 7.37) vs. (61.93 ± 9.80) ng/L; t = 22.496, P < 0.05] were significantly greater in the observation group than in the control group, and Spearman correlation analysis showed that the degree of liver fibrosis positively correlated with LSM (rs = 0.675, P < 0.01), IV-C (rs = 0.421, P < 0.01), PC-III (rs = 0.517, P < 0.01), HA (rs = 0.550, P < 0.01) and LN (rs = 0.539, P < 0.01) among patients with chronic schistosomiasis-induced liver diseases. ROC curve analysis revealed that the AUC of LSM for assessment of the hepatic fibrosis degree was 0.884 (P < 0.001), and the LSM cutoff, sensitivity and specificity were 11.75 kPa, 71.43% and 84.00% at the highest Youden index, respectively. In addition, the AUC of four hepatic fibrosis biomarkers for assessment of the hepatic fibrosis degree was 0.577 to 0.670, with 70.174 to 115.237 ng/L cutoff values, 17.46% to 68.25% sensitivity and 71.01% to 96.00% specificity. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of LSM combined with four hepatic fibrosis biomarkers were 92.06% and 95.07% for assessment of the hepatic fibrosis degree among patients with chronic schistosomiasis-induced liver diseases. Conclusion FibroTouch in combination with detection of four hepatic fibrosis biomarkers has a high sensitivity and specificity for assessing the degree of hepatic fibrosis among patients with chronic schistosomiasis-induced liver diseases, which deserves widespread clinical uses.

Mus musculus: biomodelo de expresión de Desyodinasa (DIO3) y Transtiretina (TTR) en el desarrollo placentario / Mus musculus: an experimental model for Deiodinase (DIO3) and Transthyretin (TTR) expression during placental development / Mus musculus: Biomodelo de expressão de Deiodinase (DIO3) e Transtiretina (TTR) no desenvolvimento da placenta

RESUMEN Introducción: El correcto funcionamiento del eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-tiroides es indispensable para el crecimiento y desarrollo embrionario-fetal, al intervenir en la diferenciación de los tejidos, el desarrollo cerebral y somático, la maduración ósea y la regulación del metabolismo. El paso de las hormonas tiroideas maternas al feto a través de la placenta depende de transportadores transmembrana, enzimas desyodinasas (DIO2 y DIO3) y proteínas transportadoras (TTR). Objetivo: Identificar las zonas de expresión de DIO3 y TTR en la placenta de ratón Mus musculus E10.5, E12.5, E14.5. Métodos: La estructura placentaria y expresión de DIO3 y TTR fueron evaluadas con técnicas histoquímicas e inmunofluorescencia. Resultados: Desde E10.5 se encontraron las tres zonas placentarias, laberinto, zona de unión y decidua. En E12.5 se observó la conformación placentaria definitiva. DIO3 y TTR fueron detectadas en los tres estadios, con predominio en la zona del laberinto. Conclusión: DIO3 y TTR se expresan a lo largo del establecimiento y maduración de la placenta de ratón. El biomodelo murino es una herramienta útil para el estudio del transporte placentario de hormonas tiroideas desde la circulación materna a la fetal.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Correct functioning of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis is essential for embryonic-fetal growth and development, as it is involved in tissue differentiation, brain and somatic development, bone maturation and metabolic regulation. Maternal thyroid hormones passage to the fetus through the placenta depends on transmembrane transporters, deiodinase enzymes (DIO2 and DIO3) and carrier proteins (TTR). Objective: Identify DIO3 and TTR expression within placental layers of Mus musculus E10.5, E12.5 and E14.5. Methods: Placental structure, DIO3 and TTR expression were evaluated using histochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques. Results: We found that the three placental layers, labyrinth zone, junctional zone, and decidua were present since E10.5. At E12.5 placental final conformation was observed. DIO3 and TTR were detected in the three stages with a predominance in the labyrinth. Conclusion: DIO3 and TTR are expressed throughout the establishment and maturation of mouse placenta. Mice are a useful tool for studying how thyroid hormones are transported from maternal t° fetal circulation at the placenta.

RESUMO Introdução: O correto funcionamento do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-tireoide é essencial para o crescimento e desenvolvimento embrionário-fetal, pois intervém na diferenciação dos tecidos, desenvolvimento cerebral e somático, maturação óssea e regulaçãodo metabolismo. A passagem dos hormônios tireoidianos maternos para o feto através da placenta depende de transportadores transmembranas, enzimas deiodinase (DIO2 e DIO3) e proteínas transportadoras (TTR). Objetivo: Identificar as zonas de expressão de DIO3 e TTR na placenta de rato Mus musculus E10.5, E12.5, E14.5. Métodos: A estrutura placentária e a expressão de DIO3 e TTR foram avaliadas com técnicas histoquímicas e imunofluorescência. Resultados: De E10.5 as três zonas placentárias, labirinto, zona de união e decídua foram encontradas. Em E12.5 a conformação definitiva da placenta foi observada. O DIO3 e o TTR foram detectados nas três fases, com predomínio na área do labirinto. Conclusão: DIO3 e TTR são expressos ao longo do estabelecimento e maturação da placenta de rato O biomodelo murino é uma ferramenta útil para o estudo do transporte placentário dos hormônios tireoidianos da circulação materna para a fetal.

Alteración del colágeno en la Hipertrofia Gingival en pacientes con ortodoncia: caracterización histológica e inmunohistoquímica / Collagen alteration in gingival hypertrophy in orthodontic patients: histological and immunohistochemical characterization

Resumen Introducción: La hipertrofia gingival (HG) es el aumento del volumen de la encía asociado a ciertas enfermedades sistémicas, hereditarias (idiopático), ingesta de algunos medicamentos o a factores locales como el tratamiento ortodóntico, capaz de provocar cambios histológicos en el tejido conectivo gingival. Objetivo: Describir las características histológicas e identificar el colágeno tipo I y tipo III en tejidos gingivales de sujetos con hipertrofia gingival portadores de ortodoncia. Materiales y método: Se diseñó un estudio de casos y controles que incluyó el análisis de biopsias de tejido gingival de 12 pacientes sometidos a cirugías periodontales. La muestra se dividió en dos grupos: individuos sanos (control; n= 6) y pacientes con HG portadores de ortodoncia (pacientes; n= 6). Las muestras fueron procesadas e incluidas en parafina. Las tinciones Masson-Goldner y rojo sirius/verde rápido fueron empleadas. El colágeno tipo I y tipo III fueron identificados mediante inmunohistoquímica con anticuerpos monoclonales. Resultado: En los pacientes con HG portadores de ortodoncia se observó un epitelio hiperplásico y tejido conectivo denso con abundantes fibras de colágeno distribuidos aleatoriamente. La inmunodetención de colágeno tipo I indicó la presencia de abundantes fibras desorganizadas y el colágeno tipo III fue inmunolocalizado subyacente a la membrana basal, vasos sanguíneos y toda la extensión del tejido conectivo de los pacientes con HG con tratamiento ortodóntico. Conclusión: La acumulación de fibras de colágeno, particularmente del colágeno tipo I y tipo III, son hallazgos histológicos que caracterizan la HG en pacientes portadores de ortodoncia. Futuros estudios son necesarios para dilucidar el fenotipo de los fibroblastos gingivales y la probable pérdida homeostática entre la producción y degradación de colágeno en esta patología.

Abstract Introduction: Gingival hypertrophy (GH) is the increase in the volume of the gingiva associated with certain systemic, hereditary (idiopathic) diseases, the intake of some medications or local factors such as orthodontic treatment, capable of causing histological changes in the gingival connective tissue. Objective: To describe the histological characteristics and identify type I and type III collagen in gingival tissues of subjects with gingival hypertrophy wearing orthodontics. Method: A case-control study was designed that included the analysis of gingival tissue biopsies from 12 patients submitted to periodontal surgeries. The sample was divided into two groups: healthy individuals (Control; n= 6) and patients with GH wearing orthodontics (Patients; n= 6). The samples were processed and embedded in paraffin. Masson-goldner and sirius red/fast green stains were used. Type I and type III collagen were identified by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies. Result: A hyperplastic epithelium and dense connective tissue with abundant randomly distributed collagen fibers were observed in patients with orthodontic GH. Immunodetention of type I collagen indicated the presence of abundant disorganized fibers and type III collagen was inmunolocalized underlying the basement membrane, blood vessels and the entire extension of the connective tissue of patients with GH orthodontic. Conclusion: The accumulation of collagen fibers, particularly type I and type III collagen, are histological findings that characterize GH in orthodontic wearers. Future studies are necessary to elucidate the phenotype of gingival fibroblasts and the probable homeostatic loss between collagen production and degradation in this pathology.

Implantación endovascular urgente de stent en disección aórtica aguda tipo III de DeBakey / Emergency endovascular stent graft implantation for acute traumatic DeBakey type III aortic dissection

RESUMEN El tratamiento de las enfermedades de la aorta torácica con la implantación percutánea de stent se viene realizando desde su aplicación, por primera vez, a principios del siglo XX. Se presenta un paciente de 79 años de edad que fue llevado a urgencias con intenso dolor de espalda posterior a un accidente automovilístico, a quien se le realizó tomografía computarizada y se le diagnosticó una disección aórtica tipo III de DeBakey. Se le implantó un stent endovascular autoexpandible de nitinol (Talent Stent Graft, Medtronic) en la aorta descendente, donde comenzaba el segmento disecado. Este procedimiento es un método eficaz para prevenir la isquemia de órganos y la ruptura vascular en las enfermedades traumáticas de la aorta. Es menos invasivo, tiene menos complicaciones que el tratamiento quirúrgico, y es efectivo para restituir el flujo sanguíneo de forma rápida y segura.

ABSTRACT The applications of thoracic aorta pathologies with a stent graft percutaneously have been performed for the first time since the beginning of the 20th century. Computed tomography was performed on a 79-year-old patient who was brought to the emergency room due to an in-vehicle traffic accident with severe back pain, and DeBakey type III aortic dissection was determined. An endovascular self-expanding nitinol stent (Talent Stent Graft, Medtronic) was implanted in the descending aorta where the dissected segment begins. Stent graft implantation is an effective method in preventing organ ischemia and rupture in traumatic aortic pathologies. This procedure is less invasive and has less complication than surgical approach. It is effective in providing blood flow quickly and safely.

FNDC5 Regulates the Adipogenic Differentiation of C3H10T1/2 Cells by Inhibiting the Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

The aim of this study was to explore the regulatory mechanism of Type Ⅲ domain-containing protein5 (FNDC5) on adipogenic differentiation in C3H10T1/2 cells. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of FNDC5 during adipogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells. The lentivirus-coated overexpression and interference vector of FNDC5 were constructed and transfected into C3H10T1/2 cells. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of the key genes of adipogenic differentiation. Oil red O staining was used to detect the formation of lipid droplets; Western blot was used to detect the content of ERK1/2 and ERK1/2 phosphorylated protein (P-ERK1/2). After 8 days of adipogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells, the expression of Fndc5 increased significantly. After overexpression of FNDC5 in C3H10T1/2 cells, the expression of key genes for adipogenic differentiation, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-酌 (PPAR酌), CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBP茁), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), all decreased significantly. The content of lipid droplets and P-ERK1/2 also decreased significantly. On the contrary, after interference of FNDC5 in C3H10T1/2 cells, the expression of key genes for adipogenic differentiation, including PPARγ, C/EBP茁, FABP4 and C/EBPα were significantly increased. Meanwhile, the content of lipid droplets and P-ERK1/2 also increased significantly. This study found that FNDC5 can inhibit the adipogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2, which can provide reference data for the mechanism of FNDC5 in regulating fat deposition.

Angioedema hereditario tipo III en una embarazada: a propósito de un caso / Hereditary angioedema type III in pregnant women: case report and literature review

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El angioedema hereditario es una enfermedad rara, caracterizada por episodios recurrentes de edema en cualquier parte del cuerpo, sobre todo en las extremidades, la cara y las vías respiratorias. Existen tres tipos de enfermedad en función de su causa, el menos frecuente es el III con un nivel y función del inhibidor de C1 normales. Su fisiopatología es poco conocida; por lo tanto, su diagnóstico es difícil. Su tratamiento ha avanzado en los últimos años, aunque queda mucho por definir, sobre todo durante el embarazo. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la bibliografía disponible relacionada con el angioedema hereditario y su atención médica en mujeres embarazadas. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 30 años, en curso de su primer embarazo. El único antecedente personal destacable fue haber padecido angioedema hereditario tipo III, diagnosticado 10 años antes después de varios episodios de angioedema orofacial. A lo largo del embarazo sobrevinieron varias crisis de la enfermedad que requirieron tratamiento de los episodios agudos y de mantenimiento en el tercer trimestre. Por último, ocurrió un parto instrumentado mediante vaccum, por riesgo de pérdida de bienestar fetal con buen desenlace materno y fetal en el posparto inmediato. CONCLUSIONES: El angioedema hereditario tipo III es una enfermedad muy rara y poco conocida en la Ginecoobstetricia que requiere establecer un protocolo y estandarización de la atención clínica, sobre todo en las embarazadas, lo que ayudará a proporcionar una información y asistencia de calidad a estas pacientes.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Hereditary angioedema is a rare disease characterized by recurrent episodes of edema anywhere in the body, especially in the extremities, face and airways. There are three types of the disease depending on its cause, the most infrequent being III with normal C1 inhibitor level and function. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood; therefore, its diagnosis is difficult. Its treatment has advanced in recent years, although much remains to be defined, especially during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the available literature related to hereditary angioedema and its medical care in pregnant women. CLINICAL CASE: 30-year-old female patient, during her first pregnancy. The only personal history of note was hereditary angioedema type III, diagnosed 10 years earlier after several episodes of orofacial angioedema. Throughout the pregnancy, several crises of the disease occurred, requiring treatment in acute episodes and maintenance treatment in the third trimester. Finally, one delivery was instrumented by vaccum, due to risk of loss of fetal well-being with good maternal and fetal outcome in the immediate postpartum period. CONCLUSIONS: Hereditary angioedema type III is a very rare and little-known disease that requires establishing a protocol and standardization of clinical care, especially in pregnant women, which will help to provide quality information and assistance to these patients.

Pitiriasis rubra pilaris en niños:informe de 2 casos / Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris in children: 2 case reports

RESUMEN Antecedentes: La pitiriasis rubra pilaris es una enfermedad infrecuente pápulo-escamosa crónica en la que existe un trastorno de la queratinización de la epidermis, caracterizada por pápulas foliculares hiperqueratósicas con tendencia a formar placas de coloración asalmonada, descamativas, con islas de piel sana asociadas a queratodermia palmo plantar. Presenta una distribución bimodal en la primera y sexta década de la vida, afectando a ambos sexos por igual. Su etiopatogenia es desconocida, se ha postulado una respuesta inmune anormal ante diferentes estímulos antigénicos, así como alteración del metabolismo de la vitamina A. Se ha clasificado en 6 tipos en base a su presentación, edad de inicio, curso y pronóstico, tratándose en forma tópica o sistémica. Casos clínicos: Se presentan dos casos en pacientes de 10 y 2 años de edad, con manifestaciones clínicas correspondientes al tipo juvenil circunscrito, que es el más frecuente en edad pediátrica y juvenil clásico respectivamente, con histopatología compatible y excelente respuesta al tratamiento tópico. Conclusiones: Aunque la pitiriasis rubra pilaris es una patología rara, deberá ser sospechada si el cuadro clínico es sugestivo, y si es compatible su histopatología. Debe considerarse que el tratamientotópico puede ser suficiente para lograr la resolución del cuadro.

ABSTRACT Background: Pityriasis rubra pilaris is an infrequent chronic papulosquamous disease in which there is a disorder of keratinization of the epidermis, characterized by hyperkeratotic follicular papules with a tendency to form salmon-colored, scaly plaques, with islands of healthy skin associated with palmoplantar keratoderma. It presents a bimodal distribution in the first and sixth decades of life, affecting both sexes equally. Its etiopathogenesis is unknown, an abnormal immune response has been postulated to different antigenic stimuli, as well as alteration of the metabolism of vitamin A. It has been classified into 6 types based on its presentation, age of onset, course and prognosis, being treated appropriately topical or systemic. Clinical cases: Two cases of 10 and 2 years of age are presented, with clinical manifestations corresponding to the circumscribed juvenile type, which is the most frequent in pediatric and classic juvenile age respectively, with compatible histopathology and excellent response to topical treatment. Conclusions: Although pityriasis rubra pilaris is a rare pathology, it should be suspected if the clinical picture is suggestive and its histopathology is compatible. It should be considered that topical treatment may be sufficient to achieve resolution of the condition.

Expression of type III collagen in hypertrophic gingival tissue of patients with orthodontic treatment: a pilot study / Expresión del colágeno tipo III en tejido con hipertrofia gingival de pacientes con tratamiento ortodóntico: un estudio piloto

ABSTRACT Introduction: gingival hypertrophy (GH) is the uncontrolled increase in gingival volume induced by different etiological factors, including orthodontic treatment. This pathology is characterized by changes in epithelial and connective tissue, including modifications in the extracellular matrix. The present study determined the presence and distribution of type III collagen in tissues of patients with GH wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Methods: 12 samples of gingival tissue were obtained from patients undergoing periodontal surgery. They were divided into two groups, the first with healthy patients (control; n = 6) and the second with patients diagnosed with GH and orthodontic treatment (patients; n = 6). Each obtained sample was subjected to the hematoxylin-eosin stain, Masson-Goldner staining, and type III collagen immunohistochemistry. Results: the hematoxylin-eosin and Masson-Goldner histological stains showed hypertrophia of epithelial tissue and connective tissue with a marked collagen fiber increase in the gingival tissue of orthodontic wearers with GH compared to individuals in the control group. The gingival tissue of patients with GH caused by orthodontic treatment showed a distribution and location of type III collagen near the basal lamina, around the blood vessels, but unlike the control group, its location was noticeable throughout the connective tissue. Conclusion: the gingival tissues of orthodontic wearers with GH experience an increase in the number and density of collagen fibers. Type III collagen seems to lose its usual location in the gingival tissues of orthodontic wearers with GH.

RESUMEN Introducción: la hipertrofia gingival (HG) es el aumento descontrolado del volumen de la encía debido a diversos factores etiológicos, entre ellos el tratamiento ortodóntico. Esta patología se caracteriza por cambios del tejido epitelial y conectivo, incluyendo modificaciones en la matriz extracelular. El presente estudio determinó la presencia y distribución de colágeno tipo III en tejidos de pacientes con HG portadores de ortodoncia fija. Métodos: se obtuvieron 12 muestras de tejido gingival de pacientes sometidos a cirugías periodontales. Se dividieron en dos grupos, el primero, integrado por pacientes sanos (control; n=6), y el segundo por pacientes diagnosticados con HG con ortodoncia (pacientes; n=6). Cada muestra obtenida fue sometida a la coloración hematoxilina-eosina, Masson-Goldner e inmunohistoquímica del colágeno tipo III. Resultados: las tinciones histológicas hematoxilina-eosina y Masson-Goldner permitieron constatar hiperplasia del tejido epitelial y un tejido conectivo denso con notable aumento de las fibras de colágeno en el tejido gingival de los pacientes con HG portadores de ortodoncia en comparación con los individuos del grupo control. El tejido gingival de pacientes con HG por ortodoncia evidenció una distribución y localización del colágeno tipo III cerca de la lámina basal, alrededor de los vasos sanguíneos, pero a diferencia del grupo control, su localización fue notoria en toda la extensión del tejido conectivo. Conclusión: los tejidos gingivales de pacientes con HG portadores de ortodoncia experimentan aumento en número y densidad de las fibras de colágeno. El colágeno tipo III parece perder su localización habitual en los tejidos gingivales de pacientes con HG portadores de ortodoncia.

Immune response in SARS-CoV-2 infection: the role of interferons type I and type III

Abstract Background There is scarce information on the human immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and on the exacerbated inflammatory reaction observed in severe COVID-19 cases. Objective To review the available evidence on the role of interferons type I and type III to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods We reviewed the available published evidence on the role of immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as recent publications on characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19, and their relationship with interferons type I and type III. Results The available data indicates that immune response plays an important role in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection and the immune dysregulation can significantly modify the clinical outcomes of affected patients. In addition, the evidence suggests that IFN type I and III can play an important role in controlling viremia and modulating the immune response in COVID-19. Conclusions Due to their central role in immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection, IFN type I and III could be considered for treatment of COVID-19.

First administration of ecallantide in Peru: a case report of a Peruvian patient with hereditary angioedema with normal C1-inhibitor / Primeira administração de ecalantida no Peru: relato de caso de paciente peruano com angioedema hereditário com inibidor de C1 normal

Ecallantide is a specific treatment currently indicated for acute crisis of hereditary angioedema (HAE) due to C1-inhibitor deficiency. Our objective is to report the first administration of ecallantide (Kalbitor®) in Peru, where the treatment was used in an HAE patient with normal C1-inhibitor and no F12 gene alteration. We report the case of a 32-year-old postpartum patient with HAE with normal C1-inhibitor who belongs to the Peruvian Association of Patients with Hereditary Angioedema. During pregnancy, she had increased frequency and intensity of abdominal pain and facial edema crisis and received maintenance treatment with tranexamic acid and spasmolytics, with moderate response. One month postpartum, the patient showed respiratory symptoms and tested positive for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, without any HAE crisis during the infectious process. Three months postpartum, she had an acute laryngeal edema crisis with difficulty breathing and speaking, nausea, and vomiting, triggered by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The patient then received treatment with antihistamines, corticosteroids, and adrenaline, without improvement; for that reason, the allergist administered ecallantide (Kalbitor®) with good response within the first 15 minutes of administration. Some Peruvian HAE patients have developed mild-to-moderate facial and peripheral edema crisis after NSAID intake, without improvement after administration of allergy treatment. In our patient, HAE crisis was not triggered by COVID-19. The patient showed worsening HAE crisis during pregnancy. The first administration of ecallantide (Kalbitor®) in Peru had good response and tolerance to the treatment as shown in this report.

Ecallantide é um tratamento específico totalmente indicado na crise aguda de deficiência de inibidor de C1 HAE. Nosso objetivo é relatar a primeira administração de Ecallantide (Kalbitor®) no Peru, um caso de paciente peruano com EH com inibidor C1 normal sem alteração genética F12. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 32 anos, pós-parto, com HAE inibidor de C1 normal, pertencente à Associação Peruana de Angioedema Hereditário de Pacientes. Durante a gravidez, a paciente apresentou aumento na frequência e intensidade das crises de edema abdominal e facial e recebeu tratamento de manutenção com ácido tranexâmico e espasmolítico, com resposta moderada. Um mês após o parto, a paciente apresentou quadro respiratório e teste de PCR molecular positivo para Doença do Coronavírus (COVID-19), sem crise de AEH durante o processo infeccioso. Três meses após o parto, a paciente apresentou crise de edema agudo de laringe com dificuldade para respirar e falar, náuseas e vômitos, desencadeado por AINH. A paciente recebeu tratamento com anti-histamínicos, corticosteroides e adrenalina sem melhora, por isso o alergista administrou Ecallantide (Kalbitor®) com boa resposta nos primeiros 15 minutos após o início da administração. Alguns pacientes peruanos com AEH desenvolveram crises de edema facial e periférico leve a moderado após a ingestão de AINEs, sem melhora após a administração de tratamento para alergia. Em nossa paciente, a crise de AEH não foi desencadeada por infecção aguda por COVID-19. A paciente apresentou agravamento da crise de AEH durante a gravidez. Apresentamos a primeira administração de Ecallantide (Kalbitor®) no Peru, com boa resposta e tolerância ao tratamento.

The effect of nitric oxide, endothelial nitric oxide synthetase, and asymmetric dimethylarginine in hemorrhoidal disease

SUMMARY AIM The aim of this study was to examine the roles of nitric oxide (NOx), endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS), and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), which is the major endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthases (NOS), in the pathophysiology of hemorrhoidal disease. METHODS This study included 54 patients with grades 3 and 4 internal hemorrhoidal disease and 54 patients without the disease who attended the General Surgery Clinic. NOx, eNOS, and ADMA levels were measured with the Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) method. RESULTS The patients had higher NO and eNOS levels and lower ADMA levels than the control subjects (p<0.001). A significant highly positive correlation was found between NO and eNOS (p<0.001). Nevertheless, there was a highly negative correlation between ADMA and NO-eNOS(p<0.001, p<0.001). CONCLUSION This preliminary study reveals that higher NOx and eNOS activities and lower ADMA levels in the rectal mucosa are observed in patients with hemorrhoidal disease than in those with normal rectal tissue. The imbalance between endothelium-derived relaxing factors, such as NO and endogenous competitive inhibitor of NOS, ADMA, may cause hemorrhoidal disease. Our study proposes that hemorrhoids display apparent vascular dilatation and present with bleeding or swelling. ADMA is an effective NOS inhibitor and may be a promising therapeutic option for hemorrhoidal disease.

RESUMO OBJETIVO O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar os papéis do óxido nítrico (NOx), do óxido nítrico sintetase endotelial (eNOS) e da dimetilarginina assimétrica (ADMA), que é o principal inibidor endógeno das óxido nítrico sintase (NOS) na fisiopatologia da doença hemorróida. MÉTODOS Este estudo incluiu 54 pacientes com doença hemorróida interna de grau 3 e 4 e 54 pacientes sem a doença que se inscreveram na Clínica Geral de Cirurgia. Os níveis de NOx, eNOS e ADMA foram medidos com o método de Ensaio Imuno absorvente ligado a enzima (ELISA). RESULTADOS Os pacientes têm níveis mais altos de NO e eNOS e níveis mais baixos de ADMA do que os indivíduos controle (p <0,001). Uma correlação altamente positiva significativa foi encontrada entre o NO-eNOS (p <0,001). No entanto, houve uma correlação negativa muito séria entre ADMA e NO-eNOS (p <0,001, p <0,001). CONCLUSÃO Este estudo preliminar revela que os pacientes com doença hemorróida têm atividades mais altas de NOx e eNOS e níveis mais baixos de ADMA na mucosa retal do que os pacientes com tecido retal normal. Desequilíbrio entre o fator relaxante derivado do endotélio, como; O NO e o inibidor competitivo endógeno da NOS, ADMA, podem causar doenças hemorróidas. Nosso estudo propõe que as hemorróidas exibam aparente dilatação vascular e apresentam sangramento ou inchaço, a ADMA é um inibidor eficaz da NOS e pode ser uma opção terapêutica promissora para a doença hemorróida.

Collagenofibrotic glomerulopathy – A rare disease diagnosed with the aid of transmission electron microscopy

Collagenofibrotic glomerulopathy (CFG) is a rare idiopathic kidney disease characterized by abnormal deposition of atypical Type III collagen fibers in the glomerulus causing subendothelial and mesangial expansion, manifesting as progressive renal dysfunction accompanied by proteinuria. The majority of CFG cases reported in literature are from Japan where this disease entity was initially recognized. There is an increased awareness and diagnosis of this rare renal disease in India with the recent increase in utilization of electron microscopy (EM) in clinical diagnostic settings. We describe a 28-year-old Bangladeshi woman who presented with hypertension and nephrotic range proteinuria not amenable to treatment with steroids and cyclophosphamide, whose renal biopsy demonstrated diagnostic ultrastructural features of CFG. This illustrative case is presented to highlight the role of EM analysis for diagnostic accuracy in renal biopsy evaluation in addition to demonstrating the unusual renal biopsy findings of this rare entity.

Collagenofibrotic glomerulopathy- report of a rare renal disease with serial biopsies

@#Introduction: Collagenofibrotic glomerulopathy or collagen type-III glomerulopathy is a rare glomerular disease characterised by the deposition of type III collagen fibres in the subendothelial space and mesangium of the glomerulus. Case Report: Here, we present a case of collagenofibrotic glomerulopathy in a 49-year-old Indian female, the first to be reported from Singapore. Renal biopsy showed PAS (periodic acid-Schiff), silver and Congo red negative, amorphous extracellular material that expanded mesangial and subendothelial regions. Such materials were strongly positive for anti-collagen III immunofluorescent staining. Under electron microscopy, the mesangial and some subendothelial regions were greatly expanded by abundant collagen fibres which were different from normal collagen III fibres in both appearance and periodicity. Discussion: The availability of past renal biopsies for reference offered insight into disease progression. From the initial diagnosis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis to eventually collagenofibrotic glomerulopathy over a time span of more than 10 years, this case highlights the gradual accumulation of collagen fibres in the glomeruli before classical features are apparent. It also emphasises the importance of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of this disease.