Progress on the roles of adipokines in sepsis organ injury / 中国小儿急救医学

Sepsis is a serious life-threatening organ dysfunction disease caused by the body′s response to infection, which is the main cause of death in patients admitted to ICU.The occurrence, development and prognosis of sepsis are closely related to metabolism and regulation of inflammatory response.Adipose tissue not only participates in energy storage and metabolism, but also, as an important endocrine organ, secretes a variety of adipokines with pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory activities, and thus participates in the occurrence and development of sepsis.There are many kinds of adipokines, and different adipokines play different roles in sepsis and sepsis-related organ damage.Some adipokines such as adiponectin, adipokine complement Clq/tumor necrosis factor-associated protein 3, vaspin, irisin and Apelin are closely related with the pathogenesis and prognosis of organ injury in sepsis.

Investigation of serum vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and IL-18 levels in migraine patients / Investigação dos níveis séricos de vaspina, visfatina, quemerina e IL-18 em pacientes com migrânea

Abstract Background: Migraines are headaches caused by changes in the trigeminovascular metabolic pathway. Migraine headache attacks are associated with neurovascular inflammation, but their pathophysiological mechanisms have not been fully explained. Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels and the frequency of attacks in migraine headache. Methods: Three groups were established: migraine with aura (n = 50), migraine without aura (n = 50) and control group (n = 50). The migraine diagnosis was made in accordance with the International Classification of Headache Disorders-III beta diagnostic criteria. The analyses on serum vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and IL-18 levels were performed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: The serum vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and IL-18 levels were found to be significantly higher in the migraine patients than in the control group (p < 0.01). No statistically significant differences in serum vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and IL-18 levels were found among the migraine patients during attacks or in the interictal period (p>0.05). The serum visfatin and chemerin levels of the migraine patients were positively correlated with their serum IL-18 levels (p < 0.01), while their serum chemerin and visfatin levels were positively correlated with their serum vaspin levels (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that these biomarkers may be related to migraine pathogenesis. Nonetheless, we believe that more comprehensive studies are needed in order to further understand the role of vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and IL-18 levels in the pathophysiology of migraine headaches.

Resumo Introdução: A migrânea é causada por alterações nas vias metabólicas do sistema trigeminovascular. Crises de migrânea estão associadas à inflamação neurovascular, mas seus mecanismos patofisiológicos ainda não são totalmente explicados. Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre níveis séricos de vaspina, visfatina, quemerina e interleucina-18 (IL-18) e a frequência de crises de migrânea. Métodos: Três grupos foram formados: migrânea com aura (n = 50), migrânea sem aura (n = 50) e grupo controle (n = 50). A migrânea foi diagnosticada de acordo com os critérios da Classificação Internacional das Cefaleias (ICHD-III). As análises dos níveis séricos de vaspina, visfatina, quemerina e IL-18 foram realizadas utilizando-se o método imunoenzimático (ELISA). Resultados: Os níveis séricos de vaspina, visfatina, quemerina e interleucina-18 (IL-18) foram significativamente mais elevados em pacientes com migrânea do que no grupo controle (p < 0.01). Nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significativa foi observada nos níveis séricos de vaspina, visfatina, quemerina e interleucina-18 (IL-18) entre os pacientes com migrânea durante crises ou no período interictal (p>0,05). Os níveis séricos de visfatina e quemerina em pacientes com migrânea se correlacionaram positivamente com os níveis séricos de IL-18 (p < 0,01), ao passo que os níveis séricos de quemerina e visfatina se correlacionaram positivamente com os níveis séricos de vaspina (p < 0,05). Conclusões: Este estudo demonstrou que estes biomarcadores podem estar relacionados à patogênese da migrânea. Contudo, acreditamos que estudos mais abrangentes são necessários a fim de melhor compreendermos o papel dos níveis de vaspina, visfatina, quemerina e IL-18 na fisiopatologia da migrânea.

Estimation of Serum Vaspin Levels in Humans as a Novel and Therapeutic Biomarker of Visceral Obesity

Background: Obesity is associated with metabolic complications and significantly increases the risk of developing insulin resistance. Visceral fat is potentially dangerous as it is the major player in the adverse metabolic consequences of obesity. In this context, one of the recently discovered and interesting adipokines that provide a new insight into the physiology, pathology, and treatment of obesity is vaspin. Vaspin is a visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor with insulin-sensitizing effects and its upregulation in obese individuals may be a defensive and a protective mechanism aimed to reduce insulin resistance in humans. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to determine the circulating serum vaspin levels in humans with visceral obesity to assess its association and link to obesity-related metabolic alterations. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study consisting of 120 obese subjects in the age group of 30–55 years having a body mass index (BMI) of ≥35 (Group I) and another 120 subjects of the same age group with a normal range BMI (Group II) was done with their measures of obesity and serum vaspin levels measured. Results: The obese subjects (Group I) showed significant differences in the BMI, measures of obesity, and the serum vaspin levels (P ˂ 0.001). Pearson’s correlation revealed that the serum vaspin levels were positively correlated with the measures of obesity. Conclusion: From this study, it can be demonstrated that vaspin may be used as a circulating biomarker for early identification of obesity-related metabolic alterations and vaspin also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity and its related metabolic disorders.

Correlation of Leptin and Vaspin Serum Concentration in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objectives : The aim of the study was to explore the correlation of circulating leptin and vaspin levels with lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, HbA1c and anthropometric variable as inflammatory markers between diabetic patients and non - diabetic subjects. Material and Methods: This study was conducted with 120 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with age - matched 120 non - diabetic sub jects as controls. Results: We found that there is significant increase in the parameters like serum Leptin, Vaspin, FBS, PPBS, HbA1c and lipid profile (TC, TG & VLDL). No significant differences were found between BMI, LDL & HDL parameters of T2DM patient s compared to non - diabetic subjects. The results have been shown a significant positive correlation between Vaspin and Leptin in T2DM patients, (r = .755) and ( P ?0.01 ) as compared to controls. The body mass index was positively correlated with Vaspin in T2DM patients, (r = .50) and ( P <0.01 ) and with leptin in T2DM patients, (r = .265) and ( P <0.01) . A positive correlation had also observed between vaspin and LDL in T2DM patients, (r = .189) and ( p <0.05 ). We also found that significant increased leve l of leptin and vaspin in females compared to males in our study group. Conclusions: Serum leptin and vaspin level is positively associated with BMI and LDL and negatively correlated with fasting blood sugar, post - prandial glucose, HbA1c, VLDL and age.

Association between circulating vaspin levels and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and Meta－analysis / 中华疾病控制杂志

@#Objective To review the existing literature and quantitatively evaluate the association of circulating vaspin levels and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM) ． Methods We systematically searched the PubMed，EMBASE，Web of Science，China National Knowledge Infrastructure，and WanfangData databases up to June 2019． Pooled standardized mean differences ( SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals ( CIs) were calculated using random－ or fixed－effects models based on the heterogeneity of studies． Subgroup analyses，Meta－regression，sensitivity and publication bias were assessed to analyze the heterogeneity and the robustness of the results． All statistical analyses were performed using STATA 12．0． Ｒesults Nine articles ( 11 comparisons) published from 2013 to 2019 were included in our final Meta－analysis，covering a total of 738 patients with GDM and 661 normal pregnant women． There was significant difference in the overall maternal circulating vaspin levels between GDM patients and healthy pregnant women ( SMD= 0．613，95% CI: 0．044－1．182，P= 0．035) ． Subgroup analyses stratified by trimester in which vaspin was measured and whether BMI was matched suggested the similar trend to the overall result． Subgroup analysis according to ethnicity found that circulating vaspin level might not be related to GDM in " European" subgroup; sensitivity analysis by excluding moderate－quality studies and BMI－unmatched studies found that circulating vaspin levels were still related to GDM risk． Conclusions Our Meta－analysis indicated that maternal circulating vaspin levels might be positively correlated with the risk of GDM in Asians．

Effects of vitamin D3 supplementation combined with standardized hypoglycemic regimen on islet β cell function and macrovascular complications in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation combined with standard-ized hypoglycemic regimen on islet β cell function and macroangiopathy of T2DM patients. Methods A total of 192 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group with 96 patients in each group. Patients in two groups were given standardized hypoglycemic regimen, and the observation group was treated with vitamin D3 supplementation in addition. The changes of the indexes of body examination, glycolipid metabolism, islet β cell function and macrovascular complications before and 6 months after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results After 6 months of treatment, BMI, SBP, TG, FBG, FINS, HbA1c and HOMA-IR decreased, while HOMA-β increased in both groups ( P<0. 05) . Compared with the control group, the serum levels of 25 ( OH) D increased, and vaspin and CRP de-creased significantly after 6 months of treatment in the observation group ( P<0. 05) . CIMT and other indicators showed no significant difference. 25 (OH) D was negatively correlated with FBG, FINS, vaspin and CRP, and positively correlated with 1PH and ISI (P<0.05). Conclusion Vitamin D3 is closely related to T2DM and its macrovascular complications, but it has not been found that vitamin D3 supplementation can further improve islet β cell function and macrovascular complications in patients with T2DM.

Effect of aerobic exercise and resistance exercise in improving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effect of dietary control combined with different exercise modes on plasma vaspin, irisin, and metabolic parameters in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through a randomized open parallel-controlled study.@*Methods@#The patients aged 30-65 years who visited Tianjin Third Central Hospital from January 2013 to December 2014 and were diagnosed with NAFLD by liver ultrasound and fat content determination were screening, and 474 patients were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial and divided into aerobic exercise group, resistance exercise group, and control group. All patients received dietary intervention. The three groups were compared in terms of biochemical parameters, fat content, NFS score, energy metabolic parameters, body composition index, and levels of vaspin and irisin at baseline and after 6 months of intervention. SPSS 19.0 was used for statistical analysis. The t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, the chi-square test, and an analysis of variance were used for comparison between groups. The multiple imputation method was used for missing data, and the results were included in the intention-to-treat analysis.@*Results@#There were no significant differences in age, sex, anthropometrical parameters, and biochemical parameters between the three groups at baseline. Compared with dietary control alone, aerobic exercise and resistance exercise helped to achieve significant reductions in waist circumference, diastolic pressure, percentage of body fat, volatile fatty acid, fasting blood glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, free fatty acid, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, and liver fat content after 6 months of intervention (P < 0.05). The aerobic exercise group had a significant increase in non-protein respiratory quotient and significant reductions in body mass index and aspartate aminotransferase after intervention, as well as a significant increase in resting energy expenditure and significant reductions in abdominal fat ratio and total cholesterol after 6 months of resistance exercise (P < 0.05). The aerobic exercise group and the resistance exercise group had a significant reduction in vaspin and a significant increase in irisin after intervention (P < 0.05), and the resistance exercise group had significantly greater changes in these two adipokines than the aerobic exercise group (P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#Exercise therapy is an effective method for the treatment of metabolism-associated diseases, and a combination of resistance and aerobic exercises is more reasonable and effective in clinical practice. As a relatively safe exercise mode, resistance exercise can also effectively improve the metabolic state of NAFLD patients.

Effect and mechanism of Vaspin on insulin resistance of 3T3-L1 adipocytes induced by palmitic acid / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of vaspin on insulin resistants of 3T3-L1 adipocyte through the insulin receptor substrates (IRS) /phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) /protein kinase B (Akt) /glucose transporter (Glut) signaling pathway.Methods 3T3-L1 cells cultured by palmitic acid (PA) were used to establish insulin resistance models,which were divided into PA group,PA + 100 ng/ml vaspin group,PA+200 ng/ml vaspin group,PA+400 ng/ml vaspin group and PA+400 ng/ml vaspin+wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor) group.Glucose uptake and consumption were assessed by 2-deoxy H3-D-glucose incorporation and glucose oxidase-peroxidase respectively.IRS/PI3K/Akt/Glut signaling pathway was evaluated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis.Results Compared with PA group,glucose uptake and consumption increased gradually with the increasing of vaspin concentration in other groups (P ＜ 0.05).mRNA levels of IRS-1,Akt and Glut 4 increased gradually as vaspin concentration increasing (P＜0.05),and the ratios of p-IRS-1 to IRS-1,p-Akt to Akt and Glut 4 protein level also showed the same trends (P＜0.05).However,glucose uptake and consumption in PA+400 ng/ml vaspin+wortmannin group were less than that of PA +400 ng/ml vaspin group (P＜0.05).PA+400 ng/ml vaspin+wortmannin group showed lower mRNA and protein phosphorylation levels of IRS-1,Akt and Glut 4 (P＜0.05),and that the ratios of p-IRS-1 to IRS-1,p-Akt to Akt and Glut 4 protein levels decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusions Vaspin can improve the insulin sensitivity of 3T3-L1 adipocyte by activating IRS/PI3K/Akt/Glut signaling pathway.

Circulating omentin-1 might be associated with metabolic health status in different phenotypes of body size

ABSTRACT Objective Adipokines are mediators of body composition and are involved in obesity complications. This study aimed to assess the association of circulating omentin-1, vaspin, and RBP-4 with body composition indices and metabolic health status (MHS) in different phenotypes of body size. Subjects and methods A total of 350 subjects were included in the current cross-sectional study. Body composition was measured using a body composition analyzer, and serum concentrations of omentin-1, vaspin, and RBP-4 were assessed by ELISA kits. Results Circulating omentin-1 was significantly (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.00-1.91, P = 0.01) and marginally (OR = 1.63, 95%CI: 1.00-1.75, P = 0.06) associated with MHS in the overweight and obese subjects, respectively. But no association was seen between omentin-1 and MHS in normal-weight subjects. Serum levels of vaspin and RBP-4 were not correlated with MHS. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between circulating omentin-1 and body mass index (BMI) as well as fat percentage (P = 0.02) in the MHS group. Serum vaspin concentrations were not related to body composition components in both groups. In addition, in the MHS group, circulating RBP-4 was positively correlated with fat percentage and fat mass (FM) (p < 0.0001) and was negatively correlated with fat-free mass (FFM) and total body water (TBW) (p < 0.0001). In contrast, in the metabolically unhealthy group, RBP-4 was negatively correlated with fat percentage, FM, and BMI (p < 0.0001) and was positively correlated with FFM and TBW (p < 0.0001). Conclusions This study showed that circulating levels of omentin-1 are useful predictors of metabolic health status in overweight and obese people.

Associaiton of irisin and vaspin with clinical presentations of metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To explore the changes in serum concentrations of irisin,vaspin and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MS),and to investigated the correlation of irisin and vaspin with clinical parameters of MS.Methods A total of 260 T2DM patients were enrolled.Age and gender were recorded,anthropometrics,biochemical parameters,and levels of irisin,vaspin and ROS in fasting serum were measured,and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) calculated.Wilcoxon rank sum test,correlation analysis,Logistic regression analysis,multiple linear regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed.Results Compared to T2DM patients without MS,T2DM patients with MS had lower serum level ofirisin [male:112.81 (86.96-191.84) μg/Lvs.156.23 (110.61-225.97) μg/L,female:141.09 (77.52-175.55) μg/L vs.172.15 (95.69-240.37) μg/L,P ＜0.01],higher levels of vaspin and ROS [male:1.13 (0.95-1.38) μg/Lvs.0.36 (0.21-0.82) μg/L,1 540 (1 250-1 860) kU/Lvs.1 020 (920-1 350) kU/L;female:1.52 (1.13-1.80) μg/Lvs.0.51 (0.47-1.08) μg/L,1 650 (1 320-1 940) kU/Lvs.1 120 (980-1 420) kU/L,P ＜0.01].In the T2DM patients,serum irisin level was negatively correlated with vaspin (r =-0.382,P ＜ 0.01) and ROS (r =-0.410,P ＜ 0.01),while vaspin was positively correlated with ROS (r =0.400,P ＜ 0.01).Multiple linear regression analyses showed that irisin was significantly correlated with body mass index (BMI),waist circumference and triglyceride,while vaspin was correlated with gender,BMI,and waist circumference (all P ＜ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis revealed that irisin,vaspin and ROS were all associated with MS (OR =0.77,95 ％ CI 0.608-0.978;OR=1.39,95％ CI 1.252-1.539;OR=1.38,95％ CI1.112-1.718,all P＜0.05).ROC analysis demonstrated that irisin and vaspin had significant area under the curve (AUC =0.931,P ＜0.01;AUC =0.777,P ＜ 0.01) for the prediction of MS.Conclusions Serum irisin level was significantly decreased,while vaspin and ROS were significantly increased in T2DM patients with MS.Irisin and vaspin were associated with clinical presentations of MS,suggesting that irisin and vaspin might be valuable predictors of MS.

Low vaspin levels are related to endothelial dysfunction in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Vaspin is a novel adipocytokine associated with glucose tolerance and chronic inflammation. Some studies reveal that vaspin may be involved in cardiovascular diseases. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between serum vaspin levels and endothelial function in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. One hundred and twenty patients with newly diagnosed ankylosing spondylitis and 100 healthy subjects were studied. Serum vaspin levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. High resolution ultrasound was used to measure brachial artery diameter at rest, after reactive hyperemia (flow-mediated dilation, FMD) and after sublingual glyceryltrinitrate. Serum vaspin level in patients was 1.92±1.03 ng/mL, which was significantly lower than that in healthy subjects (2.88±0.81 ng/mL). By dividing the distribution of serum vaspin levels into quartiles, FMD levels increased gradually with the increase of serum vaspin levels in patients (P<0.01). Univariate analysis showed a correlation between vaspin and FMD (r=0.73, P=0.003), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=-0.45, P=0.033), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=0.63, P=0.025), fasting blood glucose (r=-0.79, P=0.006), triglycerides (TG) (r=-0.68, P=0.036), systolic blood pressure (r=-0.35, P=0.021), C-reactive protein (r=-0.67, P=0.011), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r=-0.77, P=0.023) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r=-0.88, P=0.039) in patients. Multivariate analysis indicated that serum vaspin levels were independently associated with FMD, HOMA-IR and TG in patients. Our study found that serum vaspin levels were decreased in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and were associated with FMD levels. Vaspin may serve as an independent marker for detecting early stage atherosclerosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

Analysis of Plasma Levels of Omentum-1 and Vaspin in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To observe the changes of plasma levels of omentin-1 and vaspin in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: Our research included in 2 groups: ACS group, the patients with conifrmed diagnosis in our hospital from 2013-05 to 2013-09,n=100 including 52 male, 48 female and Control group, the patients with simultaneous coronary angiography excluded CAD,n=88. Plasma levels of omentin-1 and vaspin were examined by ELISA and the differences were compared between 2 groups. Results: Plasma levels of omentin-1 and vaspin in ACS group were lower than Control group (t=2.718,P<0.05) and (t=2.416,P<0.05). Correlation analysis presented that in ACS group, omentin-1 level was negatively related to total cholesterol (TC) (r=-0.702,P<0.05) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (r=-0.714,P<0.05); vaspin was negatively related to TC (r=-0.655, P<0.05) and CRP (r=-0.587,P<0.05); Omentin-1 was positively related to vaspin (r=0.643,P<0.05). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that plasma levels of omentin-1 and vaspin might be affected by CRP, TC and LDL-C. Conclusion: ACS patients had decreased plasma levels of omentin-1 and vaspin; in addition, omentin-1 and vaspin might be involved in lipid metabolism.

Effect of Vaspin in vitro expressed on insulin signal transduction pathway of GDM / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between Vaspin and GDM insulin resistance. Methods The GDM preadipocyte cells were recoveried, extended and differentiated.Vaspin overexpression carriers were made to transformate, cultivate and extract the plasmid. The fat cells were transfected and extended using 4 overexpression levels (0.0 μg, 1.0 μg, 2.5 μg, 5.0 μg). Q-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of Vaspin, insulin receptor substrate-1/2 (IRS-1/2), phosphatidy inositol 3 kinase (PI3K (P85a) Western Blot was used to detect protein expression of Vaspin, IRS-1/2, PI3K (P85a) and IRS-1/2 phosphorylation levels, and [3H]-2-deoxidation-D-glucose uptake assay was used to detecte glucose uptake rates. Results (1) According to the Q-PCR and WB results, the constructed Vaspin overexpression carrier was effective; (2) With the Vaspin expression increased, the mRNA and protein expression of IRS-1/2, PI3K (P85a) and IRS-1/2 tyrosine phosphorylation levels had no significant changes;(3) Glucose uptake rate of fat cells had no obvious correlation with Vaspin. Conclusion High expression of Vaspin in GDM serum and omental adipose tissue has no obvious link with the insulin resistance of GDM.

Vaspin promotes the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rats through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

_ Objective_ To observe the effect of vaspin on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rats and its potential mechanism. Methods Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells( BMSCs) from 4 weeks aged rats were isolated and cultured. The BMSCs were treated with osteogenic induction medium and different concentrations of vaspin and Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor DKK1. The proliferation was detected by CCK8 method at 24, 48, 72 h. After 7 days, the mRNA expressions of ALP, Runx2,β-catenin were detected by realtime qPCR. The expression levels of Runx2 and β-catenin protein were detected by Western blot. After 21 days, alizarin red stained mineralized nodules and quantitative detection were performed. Results Vaspin had no effect on the proliferation but promoted the expression of osteogenic differentiation gene ALP, Runx2, and also increasedβ-catenin mRNA and expression of Runx2 and β-catenin protein. Mineralized nodules were brown and increased, OD value of vaspin group was higher than control group. After adding the DKK1, the expression of ALP, Runx2,β-catenin mRNA and Runx2, β-catenin protein were significantly decreased(all P<0. 05). Conclusion Vaspin can promote BMSCs into osteogenic differention through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Plasma levels and placental expression of vaspin in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus

The present study aimed to investigate visceral adipose tissue-specific serpin (vaspin) concentrations in serum and term placentas and relate these values to insulin resistance and lipid parameters in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A total of 30 GDM subjects and 27 age-matched pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, control) were included. Serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, insulin, and vaspin were measured at the end of pregnancy, and homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were calculated. Vaspin mRNA and protein levels in placentas were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Serum vaspin levels were significantly lower in the GDM group than in controls (0.49±0.24 vs 0.83±0.27 ng/mL, respectively; P<0.01). Three days after delivery, serum vaspin levels were significantly decreased in subjects with GDM (0.36±0.13 vs 0.49±0.24 ng/mL, P<0.01). However, in the GDM group, serum vaspin levels were not correlated with the parameters evaluated. In contrast, in the control group, serum vaspin levels were positively correlated with triglycerides (TG; r=0.45, P=0.02) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C; r=0.42, P=0.03). Placental mRNA vaspin (0.60±0.32 vs 0.68±0.32, P=0.46) and protein (0.30±0.08 vs 0.39±0.26; P=0.33) levels in the GDM group did not differ significantly from those in the control group, but were negatively correlated with neonatal birth weight in the GDM group (r=-0.48, P=0.03; r=-0.88; P<0.01). Our findings indicated that vaspin may be an important adipokine involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and may also play a role in fetal development.

Correlation between Orexin A and Vaspin in Lipid Metabolism in Obese Rats with Insulin Resistance / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the correlation between orexin A and the serine proteinase inhibitor vaspin in obese rats with insulin resis?tance(IR)induced by high?fat diet and elaborate the possible action mechanism of orexin involvement in fat metabolism in IR pathological process. Methods A total of 75 4?week?old male Sprague?Dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal dietary group(NC group,n=20)and the high?fat dietary group(HF group,n=55)to establish the model of obese rats with IR,the euglycemic insulin clamp technique was used to determine re?lated indicators of insulin resistance and lipid metabolism. The rats were treated with orexin A(1×10-8?1×10-6 mol/L)by hypodermic injection. The serum levels of orexin A and vaspin in rats were detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results After 6 weeks of high?fat diet,the se?rum glucose,insulin,TC,TG and LDL?C were increased significantly in HF group than in NC group,while GIR60~120 in obese rats was decreased significantly[(16.31 ± 1.54)vs(30.22 ± 2.76)mg/(kg · min),P<0.05]. The serum vaspin level was increased 177.08%in HF group compared with NC group(P<0.05). With hypodermic injection of orexin A(1×10-8 mol/L,1×10-7 mol/L and 1×10-6 mol/L),the levels of serum vaspin in?creased 25.00%,68.75%,and 120.83%in NC group and increased 7.52%,24.06%,and 40.60%in HF group. There was a positive correlation be?tween vaspin and orexin A,glucose,insulin,TC,TG,and LDL?C(r1=0.482,P1=0.02,r2=0.515,P2=0.02,r3=0.303,P3=0.04,r4=0.388,P4=0.03,r5=0.255,P5=0.04,r6=0.253,P6=0.04)and a negative correlation between vaspin and HDL?C(r=-0.226,P=0.04)in obese rats with IR. Conclusion High?fat diet can induce insulin resistance and obesity in rats,and orexin A is closely correlated to vaspin in obese rats with insu?lin resistance. Orexin A increases serum vaspin expression and thus involves in onset of insulin resistance in obese rats.

Association of Vaspin with Metabolic Syndrome: The Pivotal Role of Insulin Resistance

BACKGROUND: Previous studies evaluating the relationship between serum vaspin concentrations and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have yielded contrasting results. Additionally, contribution of general and abdominal obesity, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance to this relationship remains unknown. METHODS: In a cross-sectional setting, we investigated the association between vaspin and MetS in 145 subjects ranging from normoglycemia to type 2 diabetes. Vaspin concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Women had 29% higher vaspin concentrations compared with men. Subjects with MetS (51% of all participants) had higher vaspin concentrations (P=0.019 in women and P<0.001 in men). In logistic regression, vaspin significantly predicted raised fasting plasma glucose (P<0.001), and raised triglycerides (P<0.001) after controlling for age in both sexes. Moreover, vaspin was the significant predictor for reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and raised waist circumference in women and men, respectively. Considering MetS as a whole, vaspin predicted MetS even after adjustment for age, medications, diabetes, total cholesterol, and waist circumference in both sexes (odds ratio [OR], 3.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36 to 11.05; P=0.011 for women; OR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.28 to 7.78; P=0.012 for men). However, this relationship rendered nonsignificant after introducing homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in women (P=0.089) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P=0.073) or HOMA-IR in men (P=0.095). CONCLUSION: Vaspin is associated with some but not all components of MetS. Vaspin is a predictor of MetS as a single entity, independent of obesity. This relationship is largely ascribed to the effects of insulin resistance and chronic inflammation.

Serum Vaspin Level and its Clinical Significance in Patients with Active Ulcerative Colitis / 胃肠病学

Background:Adipocytokines are associated with energy homeostasis and mediate various immune responses and inflammatory reactions.Vaspin is a novel adipocytokine that is thought to be associated with inflammatory reaction.Aims:To investigate the serum vaspin level and its clinical significance in patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods:Serum vaspin level was determined by ELISA in 150 patients with active UC and 150 healthy controls in Suzhou Municipal Hospital from January 2008 to April 2013,and the correlation of serum vaspin level with the clinical characteristics of UC was analyzed.Results:Serum vaspin level in patients with UC was significantly higher than that in normal controls [(1.86 ±0.38)μg/L vs.(0.96 ±0.43)μg/L,P 0.05;r =0.124,P >0.05).Conclusions:Vaspin may play an important role in the pathophysiology of UC.

The effect of metformin on expression of vaspin mRNA in insulin resistant rats induced by high-fat diet / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

High-fat diet-induced insulin resistance rat model was assessed by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique.Compared with the control group,the vaspin mRNA expression in adipose tissue was significantly decreased in insulin resistant rats induced by high-fat diet( P＜0.05 ),which was increased by metformin( P＜0.05 ).These data indicate that metformin may ameliorate insulin resistance in rats via upregulating vaspin mRNA expression.

Vaspin in newly and previously diagnosed Chinese type 2 diabetic females: a case-control study.

Background: Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) is a novel adipocytokine. Several studies have indicated that vaspin may exert an important role in the development of metabolic disorders. Objective: Evaluate serum vaspin and its relation to clinical parameters in newly and previously diagnosed Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) females as a case-control study. Materials and methods: One hundred twenty female participants (newly and previously diagnosed T2DM patients) were recruited from an affiliated hospital of Harbin Medical University. Sixty healthy female volunteers from various communities were included as controls. Anthropometric parameters, serum fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, lipid profile, HbA1c, and vaspin were measured in each participant. Results: Serum vaspin levels were significantly lower in previously diagnosed T2DM patients (0.51±0.29 ng/mL) than in newly diagnosed T2DM patients (0.62±0.28 ng/mL) and healthy controls (0.69±0.31 ng/mL). However, there was no difference in serum vaspin between newly diagnosed T2DM patients and healthy controls. In multiple linear regression analysis, serum vaspin was significantly and positively associated with HbA1c in both newly and previously diagnosed T2DM patients, negatively associated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in previously diagnosed patients, and positively correlated with age and body mass index in healthy controls. Conclusion: Serum vaspin was significantly lower in previously diagnosed T2DM patients than in newly diagnosed T2DM patients and healthy controls. Serum vaspin might be a predictor of poor glucose control and insulin resistance in T2DM.