B2 or Not B2: A Systematic Literature Review on Migraine Headaches and Riboflavin Deficiency / B2 ou não B2: uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre enxaquecas e deficiência de riboflavina

Objective: To assess the prevalence of riboflavin deficiency in patients with migraines or headaches.Methods: Systematic review of the literature following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results: Two articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and neither of these discussed riboflavin deficiency prevalence in those patients who suffer from migraines. Conclusion: The prevalence of riboflavin deficiency in migraineurs and in headache patients is unknown.

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de deficiência de riboflavina em pacientes com enxaquecas ou dores de cabeça. Métodos :Revisão sistemática da literatura seguindo as diretrizes Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Resultados: Dois artigos preencheram os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, e nenhum deles discutiu a prevalência de deficiência de riboflavina em pacientes que sofrem de enxaqueca. Conclusão: A prevalência da deficiência de riboflavina em pacientes com enxaqueca e com dor de cabeça é desconhecida.

Clinical effect of auricular point therapy on burning mouth syndrome / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To evaluate the clinical efficacy of auricular acupoint application in the treatment of burning mouth syndrome(BMS).@*Methods@#A total of 155 patients diagnosed with BMS were randomly divided into the auricular acupoint application group (50 patients), drug treatment group (55 patients), and auricular acupoint application combined with drug treatment group (50 patients). One month represented one course of treatment. The changes in pain intensity were evaluated before treatment as well as one month and three months after treatment.@* Results@#The VAS scores in the auricular acupoint application group (t=8.949), the drug treatment group (t=10.52) and the auricular acupoint application combined with drug treatment group (t=19.33) all decreased 1 month after treatment, with a statistically significant difference compared with the scores before treatment (P < 0.01). The VAS scores of the auricular acupoint application combined with drug treatment group decreased significantly, and the difference was statistically significant compared with the scores in the drug treatment group (t=3.91, P=0.000 2). 3 months after treatment, the VAS scores of the three group decreased compared with that before treatment, but increased compared with that 1 month after treatment, and the VAS score of the drug treatment group increased most obviously, but the difference was not statistically significant compared with that of the auricular acupoint application group (t=2.047, P=0.043), other pairwise comparison differences were not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in VAS score in the auricular acupoint application group (t=1.752) and in the drug treatment group (t=0.174) compared with that before treatment (P > 0.05). Compared with before treatment, the VAS score in the auricular acupoint application combined with drug treatment group also decreased significantly (t=3.282, P < 0.05). @*Conclusion@#Auricular point application is a safe and effective treatment for burning mouth syndrome, and the long-term effect is better when combined with drugs.

Ácido fólico em excesso: efeitos sobre o metabolismo das vitaminas B2 e B6, o catabolismo do triptofano e a resposta imune / Folic acid excess: effects on vitamin B2 and B6 metabolism, tryptophan catabolism and immune response

Introdução: A suplementação com ácido fólico (AF) é recomendada em algumas condições para evitar a deficiência de folato, como para mulheres no período periconcepcional e durante a gestação. Atualmente, existe uma preocupação quanto ao consumo excessivo de AF pela população pelo uso de suplementos com altas doses dessa vitamina. As vitaminas B6 e B2 agem como cofatores no metabolismo de um carbono, e o uso de altas doses de AF pode influenciar o metabolismo de ambas vitaminas e, consequentemente, interferir em metabolismos importantes das quais elas participam, como a via das quinureninas, e no sistema imune. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da intervenção diária com uma alta dose de AF (5 mg) por 90 dias sobre marcadores do estado das vitaminas do complexo B, e as consequências sobre os metabólitos da via das quinureninas e o sistema imune em adultos saudáveis. Material e Métodos: 64 indivíduos saudáveis foram submetidos à intervenção diária com 5 mg de AF por 90 dias. Coletas de sangue foram realizadas antes (baseline) e após 45 e 90 dias de intervenção. As concentrações séricas de folato e vitamina B12 foram avaliadas por métodos microbiológicos. As concentrações séricas das vitaminas B6 (piridoxal 5'-fosfato (PLP), piridoxal (PL) e ácido 4-piridóxico (PA)), B2 (riboflavina e flavina mononucleotídeo (FMN)), B1 (tiamina e tiamina monofosfato (TMP)) e B3 (ácido nicotínico, nicotinamida e N1-metilnicotinamida), bem como de triptofano, quinurenina e metabólitos, foram avaliadas por LC-MS/MS. A proteína C-reativa ultrassensível (PCRus) foi determinada por imunoturbidimetria, e as concentrações séricas de interleucina (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon gama (IFN-γ) e fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-α) foram avaliadas por ensaio multiplex. A expressão de RNAm de DHFR (dihidrofolato redutase), MTHFR (metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase), IL8, TNFA e IFNG em leucócitos mononucleares (PBMC) foram avaliadas por PCR em tempo real. O número de células T regulatórias (Treg) (CD3+, CD4+, CD25high, FoxP3+, CD127-) foi avaliado após incubação dos PBMC com PMA e ionomicina ou veículo por 18h, por imunofenotipagem. Resultados: Houve um grande aumento das concentrações de folato sérico após 45 e 90 dias de intervenção com AF. Não houve diferença nas concentrações de vitamina B12 antes e após a intervenção. As concentrações séricas de PLP foram semelhantes antes e após a intervenção, entretanto, um aumento de PL sérico foi observado após 45 e 90 dias, e de PA após 45 dias, quando comparado ao baseline. Riboflavina e FMN foram maiores após 45 e 90 dias em relação ao baseline. A tiamina sérica foi menor após 45 dias, e as concentrações de TMP foram maiores após 90 dias quando comparados aos períodos anteriores. Não houve diferença nas concentrações de vitamina B3 antes e após a intervenção. Dentre os metabólitos da via das quinureninas, apenas o ácido antranílico apresentou aumento após 45 e 90 dias, enquanto o ácido picolínico diminuiu após 90 dias. PCRus, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ e TNF-α séricos foram semelhantes no baseline e após a intervenção. Um aumento da expressão de RNAm de DHFR e TNFA foi observado após, respectivamente, 90 dias e 45 e 90 dias de intervenção. Após 90 dias de intervenção com AF, foi observada diminuição do número de células Treg após estímulo com PMA e ionomicina. Conclusão: O uso diário de 5 mg de AF foi associado a alterações nas concentrações séricas de marcadores do estado de vitaminas do complexo B e da via das quinureninas, bem como a diminuição do número de células Treg

Introduction: Folic acid (FA) supplementation is recommended in some conditions to avoid folate deficiency, as women during periconceptional period and pregnancy. Currently, there is a concern about the excessive consumption of FA by population by using supplements with high doses of this vitamin. Vitamins B6 and B2 are cofactors of enzymes of one carbon metabolism and, consequently, may disturb key metabolism in which they participate, as kynurenine pathway, and the immune system. Aim: To assess the effects of a daily intervention with high dose of FA (5 mg) for 90 days on biomarkers of complex B vitamins status and its outcomes in kynurenine pathway metabolites and immune system in healthy adults. Material and Methods: 64 healthy individuals were submitted to a daily intervention with 5 mg of FA for 90 days. Blood samples were collected before (baseline) and after 45 and 90 days of intervention. Serum folate and vitamin B12 were assessed by microbiological assays. Serum vitamin B6 (pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxal (PL) and 4-pyridoxic acid (PA)), vitamin B2 (riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide (FMN)), vitamin B1 (thiamin and thiamin monophosphate)) and vitamin B3 (nicotinic acid, nicotinamide and N1-methylnicotinamide), as well as tryptophan, kynurenine and metabolites, were assessed by LC-MS/MS. C-reactive protein (hs-CPR) was assessed by immunoturbidimetry, and serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were assessed by multiplex assay. Mononuclear leukocytes mRNA expression of DHFR (dihydrofolate reductase), MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase), IL8, TNFA and IFNG were assessed by real time PCR. Regulatory T Cell (Treg) number (CD3+, CD4+, CD25high, FoxP3+, CD127-) was determined after mononuclear leukocytes incubation with PMA and ionomycin or vehicle for 18h, by immunophenotyping. Results: A great increase on serum folate was observed after 45 and 90 days of FA intervention. No differences in serum vitamin B12 were observed before and after intervention. Serum PLP was similar before and after intervention, however, an increase in serum PL was observed after 45 and 90 days, and in PA after 45 days, when compared to baseline. Riboflavin and FMN were increased after 45 and 90 days than in baseline. Serum thiamine was decreased after 45 days than in baseline. Serum TMP was increased after 90 days when compared with previous timepoints. No differences in vitamin B3 were observed after and before FA intervention. Among kynurenine pathway metabolites, anthranilic acid was increased after 45 and 90 days, while picolinic acid was decreased after 90 days. hs-CPR, serum IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α were similar at baseline and after intervention. An increase on mRNA expression of DHFR and TNFA was observed after, respectively, 90 days and 45 and 90 days of intervention. After 90 days of FA intervention, it was observed a decrease on Treg cell number after PMA and ionomycin stimulation. Conclusion: Daily use of 5 mg of FA was associated with changes in serum markers of B-complex vitamins status and kynurenine pathway, as well as decreased number of Treg cells

Efficacy and adverse reaction of total glucosides of paeony compared with vitamin B2 in recurrent aphthous ulcers / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To explore and analyze the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of total glucosides of paeony (TGP) and vitamin B2 in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU) . Methods 120 patients of RAU were randomly divided into TGP group and vitamin B2 group, 60 cases in each group. The TGP group received TGP capsules after meals, three times a day, 0.6g/d. Vitamin B2 group received vitamin B2 tablets, three times a day, 5mg/d, 8 weeks for one course. The ulcer change, visual analogue scale (VAS) and efficacy were observed. Results After treatment, the VAS scores were significantly reduced in two groups(P<0.05), and the above indicators of TGP group were better than vitamin B2 group(P<0.05). The total efficacy in TGP group was higher than that in vitamin B2 group (P<0.05). There was minor adverse reactions in TGP group and no significant adverse reactions in vitamin B2 group.Conclusion TGP has good efficacy and safety in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers. The TGP has significant effect than that of vitamin B2.

Content Determination of Vitamin B1 and Vitamin B2 in Trivitamin and Calcium Gluconate,Calcium Hydro-gen Phosphate Chewable Tablets by HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 in Trivitamin and calci-um gluconate,calcium hydrogen phosphate chewable tablets. METHODS:HPLC was conducted. The column was Inertsil C18 with the mobile phase of 1%triethylamine contained 0.02 mol/L of sodium heptane solution(pH was adjusted to 5.5 by phosphate)-methanol (74∶26,V/V)at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 260 nm,temperature was 30℃and the volume was 20μl. RESULTS:There was a good linear relationship between the quality concentration of vitamin B1 and peak area in the range of 0.22-1.10μg/ml(r=0.999 8)and vitamin B2 was in the range of 0.22-1.09μg/ml(r=0.999 7). The RSDs of precision,reproducibility and stabil-ity tests were all less than 1%;the average recovery was respectively 99.66%(RSD=0.96%,n=9)and 100.31%(RSD=0.92%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate,sensitive and reliable and suitable for the content determination of vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 in Trivitamin and calcium gluconate,calcium hydrogen phosphate chewable tablets.

Mucosal-associated Invariant T cells: A New Player in Innate Immunity

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are evolutionarily conserved T cells that are restricted by the non-classical major histocompatibility complex class-1b molecule MR1. MAIT cells recognize riboflavin (vitamin B2) derivatives in a MR1-dependent manner. Following antigen recongnition, MAIT cells rapidly produce Th1/Th17 cytokines, such as interferon-gamma and interleukin-17, in an innate-like manner. MAIT cells maintain an activated phenotype throughout the course of an infection, secrete inflammatory cytokines, and have the potential to directly kill infected cells, thus, playing an important role in controlling the host response. In this review, we discuss current knowledge regarding the role of MAIT cells in infectious diseases, cancers, and autoimmune diseases.

Determination of Methionine,Vitamin B1 and Vitamin B2 in Lingzhi Erwei Methionine Capsules by HPLC / 中国药师

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of methionine, vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 in Lingzhi Erwei methionine capsules. Methods:The determination was performed on a Ultimate? AQ-C18 column(250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm,Welch Inc. ) with the detection wavelength at 220 nm. The mobile phase was composed of methanol and 0. 07 mol·L-1 sodium heptanesulfonate solution (14 ml triethylamine diluted with water to1 000ml, adjusting pH to 3. 5 with diluted orthophosphoric acid) with gradient elution, and the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1. Results: Methionine, vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 was in good linearity within the range of 0.527 0-1.510 0 mg·ml-1 - (r =0.999 9), 0.045 52-0.136 56 mg·ml-1 (r =0.999 9) and 0.010 10-0. 060 58 mg·ml-1(r=0. 999 9), respectively. The mean recovery was 100. 5%, 97. 7% and 101. 5% with RSD of 0. 5%, 1. 0%and 1. 4%(n=9) accordingly. Conclusion:The method is simple, accurate, reliable and appropriate in the simultaneous determina-tion of methionine,vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 in Lingzhi Erwei methionine capsules.

Determination of Vitamin B2 in Weimeisu Tablets by HPLC-FLD / 中国药师

Objective:To establish a method for detecting the content of vitamin B2 in Weimeisu tablets by HPLC-FLD. Methods:A PAK C18(250 mmID × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) column was employed with methanol -0. 02 mol·L-1 ammonium acetate (35∶65) as the mobile phase, the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1, and the injection volume was 10 μl. The detection wavelength λex and λem were 450mn and 522 mn, respectively. Results:Vitamin B2 was linear within the range of 1.0-20 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9). The average recovery was 99. 20%(RSD=0. 63%, n=6). Conclusion:The method is specific, sensitive and accurate, and can be used to deter-mine vitamin B2 in Weimeisu tablets.

Deficiência de riboflavina em frangos de corte (Gallus gallus) - relato de caso / Riboflavin deficiency in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus) - a case report / Deficiencia de riboflavina en pollos de engorde (Gallus gallus) - relato de caso

Os micronutrientes executam funções bioquímicas específicas nos seres vivos, algumas das quais são fundamentais à vida. Dentre os micronutrientes, as vitaminas merecem atenção por participarem como cofatores de reações metabólicas e permitirem maior eficiência dos sistemas de síntese no organismo animal. Em meio às vitaminas, a riboflavina apresenta algumas particularidades, especialmente para aves, por ser provavelmente a vitamina mais limitante nesta espécie. A riboflavina está envolvida no metabolismo de carboidratos, gorduras e proteínas, apresentando papel preponderante na cadeia transportadora de elétrons, no processo de respiração celular e no processo de obtenção de energia por parte da célula, atuando na manutenção da integridade das membranas mucosas, pele, olhos e sistema nervoso. A deficiência de riboflavina resulta em alterações no metabolismo e efeito patológico em vários tecidos, sendo a epiderme e a bainha de mielina dos axônios as mais comprometidas. O principal sinal clínico da deficiência de riboflavina em aves jovens é a paralisia dos dedos curvos. O trabalho tem como objetivo relatar a ocorrência de um caso clínico de deficiência de riboflavina em um lote comercial de frangos de corte (Gallus gallus) alimentado exclusivamente com dieta de origem vegetal, que apresentou paralisia dos dedos curvos aos quatro dias de idade. Após diagnóstico presuntivo, o lote foi suplementado com 2,5mg/Kg de riboflavina via água de bebida, e apresentou melhora significativa horas após o início da suplementação, em que 95% das aves se recuperaram até os doze dias pós suplementação e os 5% restante persistiram com os sinais clínicos até o abate.

Micronutrients perform specific biochemical functions in living organisms, some of which are essential to life. Among the micronutrients, vitamins deserve special attention for participating as cofactors in metabolic reactions and allowing greater efficiency of synthesis systems in an animal organism. In the midst of vitamins, riboflavin presents some particularities, especially for poultry, because it is probably the most limiting vitamin in this species. Riboflavin is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, presenting key role in the electron transport chain, the process of cellular respiration and in the process of obtaining energy from the cell, acting in the maintenance of the integrity of mucous membranes, skin, eyes and nervous system. Riboflavin deficiency results in changes in metabolism and pathological effect in various tissues in which the epidermis and the myelin sheath of axons are the most involved. The main clinical sign of riboflavin deficiency in young poultry is the curled toe paralysis. This paper aims to report the occurrence of a clinical case of riboflavin deficiency in a batch of commercial broiler chickens (Gallus gallus) fed exclusively with vegetable diet that had curled toe paralysis at four days of age. Following presumptive diagnosis, the batch was supplemented with 2.5 mg/kg of riboflavin in drinking water, and showed significant improvement some hours after the beginning of supplementation; 95% of the poultry recovered up to twelve days after supplementation and the remaining 5% had persistent clinical signs until slaughter.

Los micronutrientes desempeñan funciones bioquímicas específicas en los seres vivos, algunas de las cuales son fundamentales a la vida. Entre los micronutrientes, las vitaminas merecen atención por participaren como cofactores de reacciones metabólicas y permiten mayor eficiencia de los sistemas de síntesis en el organismo animal. Entre las vitaminas,nla riboflavina presenta algunas peculiaridades, especialmente para las aves, siendo probablemente la vitamina más limitanteb en esta especie. La riboflavina está implicada en el metabolismo de carbohidratos, grasas y proteínas, presentando papel importanteen la cadena de transporte de electrones, en el proceso de respiración celular y en el proceso de obtención de energía de la célula, actuando en el mantenimiento de la integridad de las membranas mucosas, piel, ojos y sistema nervioso. La deficiencia de riboflavina resulta en alteraciones en el metabolismo y efecto patológico en varios tejidos, siendo la epidermis y la vaina de mielina de los axones las más comprometidas. La principal señal clínica de la deficiencia de riboflavina en aves jóvenes es la parálisis de los dedos curvados. El estudio tiene como objetivo relatar la ocurrencia de un caso clínico de deficiencia de riboflavina en un lote comercial de pollos de engorde (Gallus gallus), alimentados exclusivamente con dieta de origen vegetal, que mostró parálisis de los dedos curvados en cuatro días de edad. Después del diagnóstico presuntivo, el lote fue suplementado con 2,5 mg / kg de riboflavina vía agua potable, y presentó mejora significativa horas después del inicio de la suplementación, donde 95% de las aves se recuperaron hasta los doce días pos suplementación y los 5% restante persistieron con señales clínicos hasta la matanza.

Simultaneous determination of vitamin B2 and folic acid in Multivitamin with Multimineral Tablets by HPLC / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To establish an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of vitamin B2 and folic acid in Multivitamin with Multimineral Tablets. METHODS: The samples were extracted with 0.5% (V/V) ammonia solution. An Alltima C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) was used for the separation with 50 mmol · L-1 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (adjusted pH to 3.0 with H3PO4) and acetonitrile (85-15) as the mobile phase at the flow rate of 0.5 mL · min-1. The detection wavelength was 282 nm. RESULTS: The method showed good linearity for vitamin B2 and folic acid with both correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.9999 in the ranges of 11.52-34.56 and 2.952-8.856 mg · L-1, respectively; the specificity study showed satisfactory resolutions between vitamin B2, folic acid, other ingredients and forced degradation products; the precisions were satisfactory with both relative standard deviations (RSD) lower than 2.0%; the spiked recoveriesy at three levels ranged from 97.95% to 102.3% for both compounds; the stability at ambient temperature was acceptable within 8 h for both compounds in combined standard solutions and analytical solutions. Method comparison indicated coincident results between this method and the USP method. CONCLUSION: This method is an accurate, fast and simple method for the simultaneous determination of vitamin B2 and folic acid in Multivitamin with Multimineral Tablets. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Estabilidad del producto farmacéutico Compvit-BÒ inyectable / Stability of injectable pharmaceutical Compvit-BÒ

Compvit-BÒ es un polifármaco inyectable liofilizado, compuesto por 100 mg de B1, 100 mg de B6 y 5 000 µg de B12. Está indicado en tratamientos de todo tipo de neuropatías y enfermedades neurodegenerativas. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en el desarrollo tecnológico de una formulación estable. Para evaluar la calidad de este medicamento, se escalaron 3 lotes pilotos a los que se les realizaron ensayos físicos, químicos y microbiológicos con resultados satisfactorios. Los estudios de estabilidad realizados a temperatura ambiente del producto Compvit-BÒ en forma liofilizada, demostraron ser estable por 3 años y la formulación reconstituida por 72 h. Este medicamento está registrado en el órgano regulador cubano, Centro Estatal para el Control de Medicamentos, e incluido en el Cuadro Básico de Medicamentos de Cuba; se comercializa por la Industria Farmacéutica nacional y se encuentra generalizado en los servicios hospitalarios de Cuba

Compvit-BÒ is a lyophilized injectable polypharmaceutical made up of 100 mg of B1, 100 mg of B6 and 5 000 µg of B12. It is prescribed to treat all types of neuropathies and neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of this paper was the technological development of a stable formulation. For the evaluation of the quality of this drug, three pilot batches were scaled up and were subjected to physical, chemical and microbiological tests; the results were all satisfactory. The stability studies of lyophilized Compvit-BÒ were performed at room temperature. They showed that the pharmaceutical was stable for 3 years and the formulation was regenerated for 72 hours. This drug is registered at the Cuban regulating body called State Center for Drug Control and has been included in the Basic Group of Drugs in Cuba. It has been put on the market by the national drug industry. It is also widely used in the hospital services in Cuba

Effects of Maternal 5, 10-Methylenetetranhydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Genotypes, Serum Homocysteine and B Vitamin Levels on Postnatal Growth in Their Offsprings

Elevated maternal plasma homocysteine concentrations have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Serum homocysteine levels may be affected by the MTHFR genotypes and the nutritional status of B vitamins including vitamin B2, B6, folate and vitamin B12. We investigated whether postnatal growth measurements were influenced by maternal MTHFR genotypes and their mid-pregnancy serum vitamin B and homocysteine levels. In 130 pregnant women of 24 -28 wks of gestation, the MTHFR genotypes, serum B vitamins and homocysteine concentrations were analyzed. Physical growth status was assessed in their offsprings by measuring height, weight, and head and chest circumferences from birth up to 24 months. Serum homocysteine levels were higher in the subjects with T/T genotype than those with the C/T or C/C. Heights and head and chest circumferences of offsprings from the T/T mothers were significantly lower than those from the C/C or C/T mothers only when the serum homocysteine levels were above the median. The mean height of offsprings from the T/T mothers was significantly lower than those from the C/C and C/T mothers. The mean weight and head circumferences of offsprings born from the mothers whose mid-term pregnancy PLP levels were in the lowest quartile was significantly lower than those from mothers in the highest quartile. Heights and head circumferences of offsprings from the T/T mothers were significantly lower than those from the C/C or C/T mothers only when the serum FAD levels were in the lowest quartile. These results suggest that postnatal growth up to 24 months may be influenced by the maternal C677T MTHFR genotypes, and mid-pregnancy serum homocysteine and vitamin B status.

Effects of Maternal Dietary Intakes and Health-Related Behaviors on Vitamin B Concentrations in Human Milk

Adequate vitamin B2, vitamin B6, folate and vitamin B12 intakes are known to be important for the growth and development in infants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate concentrations of vitamin B2, vitamin B6, folate and vitamin B12 in human milk and to investigate the relationship between vitamin B levels in human milk and dietary habits and other health-related behaviors. Milk samples were obtained from 38 healthy lactating women (aged 29.0 +/- 3.2 years) who are participating in the cohort study on pregnant women. Vitamin B2 concentrations in human milk were positively correlated with maternal vitamin B2 intakes in lactating mothers. Vitamin B6, folate and vitamin B12 concentrations in human milk were not correlated with maternal B vitamin intakes. Vitamin B6 concentrations in human milk were negatively correlated with the amount of postpartum weight loss. The vitamin B concentrations in human milk were not associated with maternal age, height, weight and parity. Mothers who were exposed to indirect smoking had lower vitamin B2 concentrations, and those who reported to consume health foods had higher vitamin B2 concentrations in their milk. In conclusion, lactating women need to consume more vitamin B intakes for the growth and development in infants. Further researches are needed to find other diet and health-related factors which influence on B vitamin concentrations in human milk.

Determination of Vit B_1 and Vit B_2 in Duoweitie Oral Liquid by HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To determine the contents of vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 in duoweitie oral liquid by HPLC.METHODS:Samples were separated on C18,the mobile phase consisted of ion pair solution(0.24% of triethylamine solution containing 1.5 mmol?L-1 of sodium pentanesulfonate and 3.4 mmol?L-1 of sodium heptanesulfonate with pH adjusted to 3.0 by glacial acetic acid)-methanol(80∶20) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm and the sample size was 10 ?L.RESULTS:The linear ranges of vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 were 4.81～24.6(r=0.999 1) and 6.22～31.7 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 8),respectively,and the average recovery rates were 103.3%(RSD=0.5%) and 99.5%(RSD=0.7%),respectively.CONCLUSION:This method is simple,accurate,sensitive and reliable,and suitable for the determination of vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 in duoweitie oral liquid.