Simultaneous determination of nine constituents in Jiuwei Gantai Capsules by HPLC-DAD / 中草药

Objective To establish HPLC-DAD method for the simultaneous determination of allantoin, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, notoginsenoside R1, baicalin, schisandrin, curcumin, emodin and chrysophanol in Jiuwei Gantai Capsules (JGC). Methods The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Ultimate AQ-C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5.0 μm) with mobile phase consisted of (0.1% phosphate)-(acetonitrile-methanol 20 : 80) for gradient elution, at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min; The column temperature was 35 ℃. Results The linear ranges of allantoin, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, notoginsenoside R1, baicalin, schisandrin, curcumin, emodin, and chrysophanol were 1.6—160.0 μg/mL (r = 0.999 7), 1.2—120.0 μg/mL (r = 0.999 6), 1.2—120.0 μg/mL (r = 0.999 6), 0.4—40.0 μg/mL (r = 0.999 2), 4.0—400.0 μg/mL (r = 0.999 8), 0.4—40.0 μg/mL (r = 0.999 1), 0.16—16.0 μg/mL (r = 0.999 1), 0.08—8.00 μg/mL (r = 0.999 0), and 0.2—20.0 μg/mL (r = 0.999 2), respectively. The average recoveries (n = 6) were 99.3% (RSD = 0.6%), 100.2% (RSD = 0.5%), 99.8% (RSD = 0.7%), 98.3% (RSD = 1.1%), 99.9% (RSD = 0.3%), 97.8% (RSD = 0.9%), 97.8% (RSD = 1.4%), 102.2% (RSD = 1.5%), and 101.9% (RSD = 1.2%), respectively. The content of the allantoin, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, notoginsenoside R1, baicalin, schisandrin, curcumin, emodin, and chrysophanol in nine batches were 3.634—3.655, 2.523—2.611, 2.405—2.424, 0.802—0.829, 10.362—10.623, 0.901—0.921, 0.334—0.366, 0.142—0.160, and 0.462—0.479 mg/g, respectively. Conclusion The method is accurate, sensitive, credible, and repeatable, which can be applied to the quality control of JGC.

Safety and Toxicological Assessment of Allantoin Extract from Cistanches Herba / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the safety of allantoin extract from Cistanches Herba,so as to provide scientific support for subsequent utilization and development of allantoin extract from Cistanches Herba.Method: According to the national standard procedures and methods in food safety and toxicological evaluation,a series of toxicological studies on allantoin extract from Cistanches Herba were conducted,including genetic toxicity and subacute toxicity tests.Result: In the Ames test,with or without mammalina liver microsomal enzymes (S9),allantoin extract from Cistanches Herba in 40,200,1 000,5 000 μg·dish-1 dose range for four bacteria showed no dose-dependent increase.In the micronucleus test,there was no statistically significant difference among each dose group and the negative control group.In the test of mouse sperm aberration,there was no significant difference in the sperm aberration rate among the allantoin extract group and the negative control group.The results of three genotoxicity tests were all negative,indicating no genotoxicity in allantoin extract.The results of 30 days test showed no death and abnormal clinical sign in rats of control group and each dose group (1.100,0.550,0.275 g·kg-1).The body weight,food intake,weekly and total food utilization,weight increment,organ/body ratios,blood biochemical indexes and blood routine indexes had no significant difference among the control group and dose groups.There was no abnormal pathological change in heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney and testicle of rats in treatment group.Conclusion: Allantoin extract from Cistanches Herba is a non-toxic substance without any genetic toxicity but with a high edible safety.This study provides scientific experimental basis for its safety.

Allantoin as an independent marker associated with carotid intima-media thickness in subclinical atherosclerosis

Allantoin is the main product of uric acid oxidation and was found to be augmented in atherosclerotic plaque in human autopsy and in animal models of atherosclerosis. Uric acid is abundant in human plasma and is prone to oxidation in inflammatory conditions such as atherosclerosis. In this study, we found a significant increase in plasma uric acid (P=0.002) and allantoin (P=0.025) in participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) that presented common carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT) within the 75th percentile (c-IMT≥P75). Multiple linear regression showed an association of c-IMT with uric acid (β=0.0004, P=0.014) and allantoin (β=0.018, P=0.008). This association was independent of age, the traditional risk factor LDL/HDL ratio, and non-traditional risk factors: pulse pressure, neck circumference, and the inflammatory marker myeloperoxidase. The independent and strong association of allantoin with c-IMT shows that it might be a useful marker, along with other traditional risk factors, to evaluate an early stage of atherosclerosis.

Estrogen-like effect of allantoin / 药学学报

The study was designed to test the estrogen-like effects about allantoin. The activity of the allantoin was investigated by mouse uterine weight gain test and MCF-7 cell proliferation assay. The levels of E2, FSH and LH were also measured. ICI182,780, MPP, THC and G15 antagonnist assay and Western blot were adopted to explore the mechanism of allantoin. Allantoin increased the uterus index of premature female mice, the levels of E2 and FSH, and the expression of ERα and GPR30, compared with the control group. Allantoin also promoted the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Co-incubation of MCF-7 cells with estrogen receptor blockers, ICI182,780, MPP and G15 abolished the inductive effect of the proliferation. These results suggest that allantoin has estrogenic activities, which are mainly mediated by ERα, GPR30.

Determination of Allantoin in Rhizoma Dioscoreae by HILIC-HPLC-ELSD / 中国药师

Objective:To establish an HILIC-HPLC-ELSD method for the determination of allantoin in Rhizoma Dioscoreae. Methods:The separation was performed on a Waters XBridge HILIC column(150 mm × 4. 6 mm,5μm),the mobile phase was ace-tonitrile-water(85:15)with the flow rate of 0. 8 ml·min-1 ,and the nebulizer pressure was 40psi,the drifting tube temperature was 80℃ and the nebulizer temperature was 50℃. Results:The linearity of allantoin was good within the range of 1. 5-7. 5 μg( r =0. 998 1). The regress equation was Y=1. 67X+2. 35,the detection limit was 25 ng,and the average recovery of allantoin in Rhizoma Dioscoreae was 99. 9% with RSD of 0. 72%(n=9). Conclusion:The method is simple and reliable,which can be used in the deter-mination of allantoin in Rhizoma Dioscoreae.

Comparison on six active constituents between formula granule and traditional decoction of Rehmanniae Decoction of six ingredients / 中草药

Objective: To compare the content of chemical components in each drug in formula granule and traditional decoction of Rehmanniae Decoction with six ingredients. Methods: By using high performance liquid chromatography analysis and various chromatographic conditions, the contents were determined respectively, which were listed as follows: acteoside, loganin, paeonol, allantoin, pachymic acid and alisol B 23-acetate. Results: The contents of acteoside, loganin, paeonol, allantoin, pachymic acid and alisol B 23-acetate in traditional decoction were 304.5, 2 473.6, 3 135.1, 708.8, 5.9, and 104.4 μg/g, and they were 289.6, 3 685.7, 706.5, 714.2, 17.4, and 217.8 μg/g correspondingly in formula granule. The contents of acteoside and allantoin were basically the same between them; The contents of loganin, pachymic acid, and alisol B 23-acetate in formula granule were significantly higher than those in the traditional decoction; The content of paeonol in formula granule was significantly lower than that in the traditional decoction. Conclusion: The content difference of the chemical components is related to its chemical character between formula granule and traditional decoction.

Efficacy of compound allantoin containing quadruple regimen in the treatment of chronic gastritis with Helicobacter pylori infection / 中华消化杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of 10-day compound allantoin containing quadruple regimen in the treatment of chronic gastritis with Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection,and to compare with the bismuth-containing quadruple therapy.Methods Altogether 173 patients with H.pylori positive chronic gastritis confirmed by gastric endoscope were divided into 10-day compound allantoin containing quadruple regimen group (n =43),24-day compound allantoin containing quadruple regimen group (n =46),10-day bismuth-containing quadruple regimen group (n =42) and 24-day bismuth-containing quadruple regimen group (n =42).After the treatment,the eradication rate of H.pylori,the rate of gastrointestinal symptoms (epigastric pain,bloating and belching) relief and the adverse effects of each group were observed.Intention-to-treat (ITT),per-protocol (PP) statistical analysis and chi-square analysis were performed for statistical analysis.Results H.pylori eradication rates of 10-day compound allantoin containing quadruple regimen group,24-day compound allantoin containing quadruple regimen group,10-day bismuth-containing quadruple regimen group and 24-day bismuth-containing quadruple regimen group analyzed by ITT were 90.7％ (39/43),91.3％ (42/46),90.5％ (38/42) and 88.1％ (37/42),respectively; while analyzed by PP were 90.7％ (39/43),93.3％ (42/45),90.5％ (38/42) and 90.2％ (37/41),respectively.And there were no statistical differences between groups (all P＞0.05).Ten days after the treatment,the rates of epigastric pain relief of 24-day compound allantoin containing quadruple regimen group and 24-day bismuth-containing quadruple regimen group were 81.1％ (30/37) and 78.8％ (26/33),respectively,the rates of bloating relief were 82.4％ (28/34) and 71.0％ (22/31),respectively,and the rates of belching relief were 76.9％ (20/26) and 75.0％ (21/28),respectively.There were no statistical differences between the two groups (all P＞ 0.05).However after 24-day treatment,the rates of epigastric pain relief of 24-day compound allantoin containing quadruple regimen group and 24-day bismuth-containing quadruple regimen group were 91.9 ％ (34/37) and 87.9％ (29/33),respectively,the rates of bloating relief were 94.1％ (32/34) and 87.1％ (27/31),respectively,and the rates of belching relief were 96.2％ (25/26) and 85.7％ (24/28),respectively.There were no statistical differences between the two groups (all P＞0.05).And the rates of epigastric pain and bloating relief increased after 24-day treatment compared with those of 10-day treatment,however the differences were not statistically significant between the two groups (all P＞ 0.05).In 24-day compound allantoin containing quadruple regimen group,the rate of belching relief was higher after 24-day treatment compared with that of 10-day treatment,and the difference was statistically significant (x2=4.127,P=0.042).No severe adverse effects were observed in each group,and there were no adverse effects such as oral metal odor,tongue black and melena in compound allantoin containing quadruple therapy.Conclusions Ten-day compound allantoin containing quadruple therapy as first-line approach in the treatment of chronic gastritis with H.pylori infection can get better H.pylori eradication and the efficacy is similar to bismuth quadruple therapy.Meanwhile the symptom relief rate is high and no obvious adverse effects were found.

Determination of allantoin in Dioscoreae Rhizoma by LC-MS/MS / 中草药

Objective: To establish an HPLC-MS/MS method for determination of allantoin in Dioscoreae Rhizoma. Methods: Determination of LC system used Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) column and acetonitrile-water (90:10) as mobile phase in linear gradient condition. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min. The mass spectrometer was operated under the negative ion mode with ESI source. MRM (precursor ion of m/z 156.9 and product ion of m/z 96.7) was used to qualify allantoin. Results: The linear range of the component was 0.12-6.0 μg/mL, r=0.998 5; The average recovery was 101%, and the RSD was 3.2%. Conclusion: The method is sensitive, reliable, and accurate, and can be applied in the quality control of Dioscoreae Rhizoma.

Avaliação da toxicidade aguda e da atividade cicatrizante dos extratos etanólicos das folhas e raízes da Memora nodosa (Silva Manso) Miers (Bignoniaceae) / Evaluation of acute and healing activity of ethanol extracts of Memora nodosa (Silva Manso) Miers (Bignoniaceae) leaves and roots

Memora nodosa (Silva Manso) Miers é uma espécie da flora do Cerrado cujas folhas e caules são utilizados popularmente no tratamento de feridas e úlceras externas, enquanto as raízes são empregadas para dores abdominais e no tratamento da sarna. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a toxicidade aguda dos extratos etanólicos das folhas e raízes nas doses de 2000 e 5000 mg kg-1 em ratos e camundongos e a atividade cicatrizante das soluções aquosas contendo 2% desses extratos em feridas cutâneas em ratos. A contração das bordas das feridas foi avaliada por análises histológicas e morfométricas após 4, 7 e 14 dias de tratamento e por reação imunohistoquímica após 7 dias de tratamento. Os extratos etanólicos das folhas e raízes não apresentaram toxicidade na dose de 2000 mg kg-1 para ratos e camundongos e na dose de 5000 mg kg-1 para ratos. Nos camundongos, a dose de 5000 mg kg-1 dos extratos das folhas e raízes provocou alterações histológicas no fígado. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na contração das feridas entre os grupos tratados com os extratos das folhas e das raízes e o controle após 4 e 7 dias de tratamento. Após 14 dias de tratamento, 50% dos animais tratados com o extrato das raízes apresentaram reepitelização total das feridas e reconstrução parcial dos anexos. A alantoína, isolada do extrato etanólico da raiz, pode ser considerada como um dos metabólitos secundários responsáveis pela aceleração da reepitelização.

Memora nodosa (Silva Manso) Miers is a Brazilian Cerrado species whose leaves and stems are commonly used to treat external wounds and ulcers and the roots are used for abdominal pain and to treat scabies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of ethanol extracts from the leaves and roots of M. nodosa at 2000 and 5000 mg kg-1 doses in rats and mice and to evaluate the healing activity of aqueous solutions containing 2% of these extracts on skin wounds in rats. The contraction of the wounds was evaluated by histological and morphometric analysis after 4, 7 and 14 days of treatment and by immunohistochemistry analysis after 7 days of treatment. The ethanol extracts of leaves and roots presented no toxicity at a 2000 mg kg-1 dose for rats and mice, and at a 5000 mg kg-1 dose for rats. Histological changes in the liver of mice were verified with a 5000 mg kg-1 dose of the leaf and root extracts. Macroscopic and histological differences were not observed in the contraction of wounds between the groups treated with leaf and root extracts and the control group after 4 and 7 days of treatment. After 14 days of treatment, 50% of the animals treated with the root extract presented total re-epithelialization of wounds and partial reconstruction of the annexes. Allantoin, isolated from the root ethanol extract, can be considered one of the secondary metabolites responsible for accelerating re-epithelialization.

Parâmetros da fermentação ruminal e concentração de derivados de purina de vacas em lactação alimentadas com castanha de caju / Ruminal fermentative parameters and concentration of purine derivatives in lactating dairy cows fed cashew nut

Avaliaram-se os parâmetros de fermentação ruminal e a concentração de derivados de purinas na urina de vacas leiteiras alimentadas com teores crescentes de castanha de caju na dieta. Foram utilizadas oito vacas Holandesas multíparas, sendo quatro fistuladas no rúmen, com produção média de 28±4kg de leite/dia. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o quadrado latino 4x4, com parcelas subdivididas para os parâmetros ruminais e duplo para determinação dos derivados de purina. Os tratamentos avaliados consistiram na inclusão de 0; 8; 16 e 24% de castanha de caju moída na porção concentrada da dieta. O comportamento do pH ruminal foi semelhante entre as dietas avaliadas segundo os tempos após alimentação. A concentração média de nitrogênio amoniacal foi 12,70mg/100mL de líquido ruminal. Os valores médios de acetato e butirato apresentaram padrão linear de resposta, contudo a relação acetato:propionato não foi alterada pela adição do coproduto. As excreções de derivados de purina na urina não variaram significativamente (P>0,05) com a adição de castanha de caju. A inclusão de castanha de caju não afetou os parâmetros de fermentação ruminal nem as concentrações de derivados de purinas; dessa forma, pode ser recomendada como alternativa potencial na alimentação de vacas leiteiras em lactação.

The parameters of rumen fermentation and the concentration of purine derivatives in the urine of dairy cows fed with increasing levels of cashew nut in the diet were evaluated. Eight multiparous holstein cows were used, being four rumen cannulated, with average production of 28±4kg of milk/day. The experimental design adopted was a 4x4 Latin square with split plots for the ruminal parameters and double for the determination of purine derivatives. The treatments consisted of the inclusion of 0; 8; 16 and 24% of cashew nut in the concentrate portion of the diet. The behavior of the ruminal pH was similar between the evaluated diets according to the time after feeding. The average concentration of ammonia nitrogen was 12.70mg/100mL of rumen fluid. The average values of acetate and butyrate showed a linear response, but the acetate:propionate ratio wasnot altered by the addition of the coproduct. The excretions of purine derivatives in urine did not differ significantly (P>0.05) with the addition of cashew nut. The inclusion of cashew nut did not affect ruminal fermentation parameters neither the concentrations of purine derivatives, so it can be recommended as a potential alternative for feeding dairy cows.

Protective effects of aldioxa tablets on aspirin-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats / 中国医师杂志

Objective To study the protective effects of aldioxa tablets on aspirin-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rat model. Methods Sixty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: Ⅰ (injury group), Ⅱ (control group), Ⅲ (sucralfate protective group), Ⅳ (aluminium hydroxide protective group), and Ⅴ (aldioxa protective group). The three protective groups were treated with sucralfate, aluminium hydroxide and aldioxa tablets respectively before gastric mucosal injury was induced. Then the ulcer index (UI), epithelial damage scoring (EDS) were measured, and the pathological changes on histological sections and ultrastructural sections of gastric mucosa were assessed under microscope or electron microscope. Results The data of group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ obtained were as follow: ulcer index: 42.13±6.22, 3.13±1.46, 8.63±3.48, 18.00±6.16, 8.00±3.17, respectively; epithelial damage scoring: 3.67±0.49, 1.25±0.45, 1.41±0.51, 2.42±0.79, 1.50±0.52, respectively. In comparison with injury group, the ulcer index and epithelial damage scoring of gastric mucosa in aldioxa protective group were significantly decreased. Conclusions The results revealed that aldioxa tablets had a significant protection effect on rats with acute gastric mucosal injury induced by aspirin.

Profile of wound healing process induced by allantoin / Perfil do processo de cicatrização induzido pela alantoína

PURPOSE: To evaluate and characterize the wound healing process profile induced by allantoin incorporated in soft lotion oil/water emulsion using the planimetric and histological methods. METHODS: Female Wistar rats (n=60) were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups: (C) control group-without treatment; (E) group treated with soft lotion O/W emulsion excipients; (EA) group treated with soft lotion O/W emulsion containing allantoin 5 percent. The emulsions either containing or not allantoin were topically administered for 14 days and the wound area was evaluated by planimetry and by qualitative and quantitative histological analysis of open wound model. RESULTS: The data which were obtained and analyzed innovate by demonstrating, qualitatively and quantitatively, by histological analysis, the profile of healing process induced by allantoin. The results suggest that the wound healing mechanism induced by allantoin occurs via the regulation of inflammatory response and stimulus to fibroblastic proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis. CONCLUSION: This work show, for the first time, the histological wound healing profile induced by allantoin in rats and demonstrated that it is able to ameliorate and fasten the reestablishment of the normal skin.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar e caracterizar o perfil cicatricial induzido pela alantoína incorporada em uma emulsão óleo/água, sob os aspectos planimétrico e histológico. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar fêmeas (n=60) foram agrupados aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais grupo controle - sem tratamento (C); grupo tratado com emulsão pura (E); grupo tratado com emulsão contendo 5 por cento de alantoína (EA). As emulsões contendo ou não alantoína foram administradas topicamente durante 14 dias e a área da ferida foi avaliada por planimetria e por análise histológica qualitativa e quantitativa em modelo de ferida aberta. RESULTADOS: Na análise planimétrica não foi observado diferenças significativas entre os grupos experimentais. Os resultados da análise histológica sugerem que o mecanismo de cicatrização induzido pela alantoína ocorre via controle da resposta inflamatória e estímulos à proliferação fibroblástica e síntese de matrix extracelular de maneira mais intensa e rapidamente em relação aos grupos controles. CONCLUSÃO: Este trabalho mostra pela primeira vez o perfil histológico de cicatrização induzido pela alantoína em ratos, demonstrando ser capaz de melhorar e acelerar o processo de reconstituição da pele.

Estudo clínico, monocego, da tolerabilidade cutânea e eficácia preventiva de assaduras de um produto tópico*, em condições reais de uso / A monoblind clinical trial study of cutaneous tolerability and preventive efficacy for diaper's rash os a topic product in real life or real use conditions

O uso crescente de produtos cosméticos tem sido cada vez mais comum em nosso meio, fazendo parte do receituário médico. O presente estudo tem por finalidade determinar a prevalência de reações adversas, em condições reais de uso, de um hidratante infantil contendo alantoína e alfa-bisabolol. Também foi avaliada a eficácia preventiva de assaduras.

Isolation and regeneration of transiently transformed protoplasts from gametophytic blades of the marine red alga Porphyra yezoensis

Despite the recent progress of transient gene expression systems in a red alga Porphyra yezoensis by particle bombardment, a stable transformation system has yet to establish in any marine red macrophytes. One of the reasons of the difficulty in genetic transformation in red algae is the lack of systems to select and isolate transformed cells from gametophytic blades. Thus, toward the establishment of the stable transformation system in P. yezoensis, we have developed a procedure by which transiently transformed gametophytic cells were prepared from particle bombarded-gametophytic blade as regeneratable protoplasts. Using mixture of marine bacterial enzymes, yield of protoplasts was high as reported elsewhere; however, these protoplasts did not develop. In contrast, protoplasts prepared from gametophytes treated with allantoin were normally developed, in which the overexpression of a â-glucuronidase reporter gene had no effect on the regeneration of protoplasts. Therefore, the use of allantoin in protoplast preparation sheds a new light on the realization of an efficient isolation and selection of study transformed cells from gametophytic blades.

Variation in the ureide content of Jack Bean during the reproductive stages in response to nitrate

Nitrogen is frequently the limiting mineral nutrient for plant productivity and it is essential to obtain an understanding of how this element is assimilated and its metabolism regulated, in crop plants. The objective of this work was to study nitrogen metabolism in the tropical legume Canavalia ensiformis, a plant species used as a green manure. The nitrate dose provided changed the concentrations of ureides exported via the xylem, whilst the developmental stage alterations demonstrated to influence the form of ureide exported via the xylem. Considering the content of ureides as an indicator of N-fixation status, it could be concluded that N-fixation was affected in the presence of nitrate in C. ensiformis.

Nitrogênio é o nutriente mineral mais limitante e importante para produção vegetal e o entendimento de como esse elemento é assimilado e como seu metabolismo é regulado, são essenciais para plantas cultivadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as variações no metabolismo de nitrogênio em Canavalia ensiformis, em resposta ao nitrato, durante o período reprodutivo. A dose de nitrato fornecida mudou as concentrações de udeídeos exportados via xilema, enquanto alterações no estádio de desenvolvimento mostrou influenciar a forma de ureídeo exportado via xilema. Considerando o nível de ureídeos como um indicador do status da fixação biológica, é possível dizer que a fixação do nitrogênio pode ter sido afetada na presença do nitrato em C. ensiformis.

A novel animal model of intra-abdominal adhesion and quantitative evaluation with related indices / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Aim To set up a novel animal model of intra-abdominal adhesion and to determine whether the tissue plasminogen activator activity (PAA) in exudate can be taken as an indicator to judge the formation of the adhesion. Methods　Rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. Each animal in both groups was opened the abdominal cavity via midline laparotomy without any disinfectant measures. 2-cm section from the cecal end was clamped and ligated, 1-cm cecum of the section was cut, and another 1-cm end from the ligated site was kept. After the content in the end was extruded, the cecum was put back without using any antibacterial agent. Before the skin closure, an effective combination AMD (allantoin, metronidazole and dexamethasone in combination), was given (ip) according to 1.5 ml per 100 g body weight (60.6 mg·kg-1). The control group was injected (ip) the same volume of normal saline. After 6 h, the exudate was extracted from drainage-tube, with the rats varying posture, and after 1 kw, the rats were killed for examining the intra-abdominal adhesion. The values of PAA of exudate in both groups were analyzed by the relative operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results　In the control group, all 20 rats formed the adhesions, the amount of exudate=(1.25±0.09) ml, the number of WBC(×103)=(23.1±6.6) mm3 and PAA=(0.9±0.4) IU·ml-1 in the exudate of abdominal cavity. In AMD group, however, there was not the adhesion formations (0/20), the amount of exuade was (0.52±0.04) ml (P<0.01), the number of WBC (×103) (10.6±4.2) mm3 (P<0.01), and PAA (23.1±6.6) IU·ml-1(P<0.01) in exuade.ROC analysis indicated that if PAA >1.24 IU·ml-1 in the exuade, the adhesion was difficult to form, and vice versa. Conclusion　This animal model can be taken as an effective tool to evaluate the human adhesion related to multi-links on the pathogenesis, and the PAA in exudate an indicator to judge intra-abdominal adhesion formation.

A Clinical Study of the Effect of Periodontitis-Medical Gel on Human Gingivitis and Periodontitis / 대한치주과학회지

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, Allantoin, Hinokitiol, Cetylpyridinium chloride containing gel(Dentheth(R)) on periodontitis. 41 patients with sites having pocket depth of 4-6mm were selected for the study. We classified 2 groups which consisted of 21 patients in the test group(exp.) and 20 patients in the control(placebo) respectively. Following a baseline examination, plaque and calculus were removed and then the experimental gel were handed out to the patients and topical application regimens were initiated. During the 4-week experimental period, pocket depth, bleeding on probing, gingival index, plaque index as a clinical parameters were measured in the baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks respectively. A questionnaire was delivered to each patients in 2 weeks, 4 weeks respectively. The results were as follows : 1.Probing pocket depth showed a significant difference in the Exp. group compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups in the changes from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks(p<0.05). 2.The Exp. group showed a significant difference compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks, from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks in bleeding on probing(p<0.05). 3. The gingival index showed a significant difference compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks, from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks after 4 weeks use of a gel(p<0.05). 4.The plaque index showed a significant difference in the Exp. group compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups in the changes from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks(p<0.05). 5.A questionnaire was consisted of 5 kinds as to bleeding, pus discharge, pain, burning sensation, patient's satisfaction and all of the questions showed a significant difference compared with the control group in the changes from 2 weeks to 4 weeks(p<0.05). 6.During the 4-week experimental period, important side-effects were not finded out, but each groups had one patient appealed nausea or discomfort respectively. These results indicate that application of periodontitis-medical gel was useful as an additional aid of mechanical treatment.

THE ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF URTE AND GENERATION OF ALLANTOIN DURING EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE / 体力科学

Allantoin is one of the oxidation products of uric acid resulting from attack by oxygen free radicals. In this study we attempted to clarify the antioxidant effect of uric acid during exercise, and the influence of other antioxidants on urate <I>in vitro</I>. Seven healthy male subjects performed exhaustive (100%VO<SUB>2max</SUB>) and mild endurance (40%VO<SUB>2max</SUB>) cycling exercise, and serum uric acid and allantoin were measured before and up to 24 h after the exercise. Various radicals were added to uric acid, ascorbic acid and glutathione were mixed with phosphate buffer or fresh human serum, and changes in each of the antioxidants (protein sulfhydryl groups in serum were measured instead of glutathione in buffer) and allantoin were examined. The serum allantoin level increased immediately after exhaustive exercise and remained high for up to 2 h, while uric acid increased at 0.5 h and remained at a high level at 24 h during recovery. On the other hand, no significant changes in allantoin and uric acid were observed after mild endurance exercise. Superoxide anion radicals (O<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>) generated by a hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase (HX-XOD) system formed allantoin with decreasing levels of other antioxidants in buffer and serum, although uric acid was generated by this system. To determine the influence of uric acid newly produced by the HX-XOD system, different kind of antioxidants in buffer were used to examine allantoin generation. Allantoin was generated in the order uric acid only>no antioxidants>three kinds of antioxidants during 20 min of reaction. Hydroxyl radicals (·OH) generated by the Fenton reaction also formed allantoin as other antioxidants decreased, while hydrogen peroxide did not oxidize uric acid to allantoin despite the fact that other antioxidants were consumed in the buffer and serum. These results suggest that O<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> and ·OH oxidize uric acid to allantoin during exhaustive exercise, whereas, ascorbic acid, glutathione and protein sulfhydryl groups inhibit allantoin generation. Moreover, uric acid previously present in the body may be used for radical scavenging more effectively than that newly generated by exhaustive exercise.

Determination of Allantoin in Rhizoma Dioscoreae from Different Producing Areas by Reverse- phase HPLC / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To establish a HPLC method for the determination of allantoin in Rhizoma Dioscoreae from different producing areas. Methods The RP- phase HPLC is applied. Separation and determination of allantoin was achieved by using an Allttima ODS C18 column(250 mm? 4.6 mm, 5? m) and a mobile phase of methanol- water (1 ∶ 39, V/V). The flow- rate was 0.8 mL/min, temperature at 30 ℃ and detection wavelength at 224 nm. Results A good linearity of allantoin was in the range of 0.24 ? g～ 2.40 ? g, r=0.9992; the average recovery rate was 103.1 % , RSD =2.0 % (n=6). Conclusion Rhizoma Dioscoreae from Henan Province is of the best quality and Rhizoma Dioscoreae from other provinces are only qualified for food. 

Improvement of Allantoin Compound Ointment on skin ulcer / 中成药

AIM: To study mouse's skin ulcer pharmacodynamics of Allantoin Compound Ointment. METHODS: The wounded and scalded skin ulcer models of mice were est ablished. The skin ulcer area of mice was treated with Allantoin Compound Ointme nt and the control group was also ser, and the inflammatory infiltration of the ulcer was observed under the microscope. RESULTS: Compared with the self-control group, the skin ulcer area o f mice treated with Allantoin Compound Ointment reduced obviously (P