Effects of atractylodin on inflammatory damage of periodontal tissue and alveolar bone loss in periodontitis rats and its mechanism / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and mechanism of atractylodin on inflammatory injury of periodontal tissue and alveolar bone loss in periodontitis rats. METHODS A total of 144 SD rats were divided into control group （intragastric and intraperitoneal injection of normal saline）， model group （intragastric and intraperitoneal injection of normal saline）， atractylodin low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （intraperitoneal injection of 6.665， 13.33， and 26.66 mg/kg atractylodin）， metronidazole group （positive control group， intragastric injection of 0.05 g/kg metronidazole， intraperitoneal injection of normal saline）， AMD3100 [stromal cell-derived factor-1 （SDF-1）/CXC chemokine receptor-4 （CXCR4） pathway inhibitor] group （intragastric injection of 1 mg/kg AMD3100， intraperitoneal injection of normal saline）， atractylodin high-dose+AMD 3100 group （intraperitoneal injection of 26.66 mg/kg atractylodin， intragastric injection of 1 mg/kg AMD3100）， with 18 rats in each group. Except for the control group， all other groups of rats were inoculated with Porphyromonas gingivalis to construct a periodontitis model. After successful modeling， they were given relevant medicine or normal saline， once a day， for 4 consecutive weeks. The gingival index of rats was detected； the levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α） in rat serum were also determined； alveolar bone resorption， periodontal histopathologic changes and the number of osteoclasts were detected by methylene blue staining， HE staining and TRAP staining， respectively. The expressions of osteoprotegerin （OPG）， receptor activator of NF-κB ligand （RANKL）， SDF-1 and CXCR4 proteins were determined. RESULTS Compared with the control group， serious pathological injury of periodontal tissue was found in the model group， the gingival index， the levels of IL-6 and TNF- α， alveolar bone absorption value， the number of osteoclasts， and the expression of RANKL protein were all increased significantly （P＜0.05）， while the expressions of OPG， SDF-1 and CXCR4 proteins were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， pathological injury of periodontal tissue in rats was reduced； the gingival index， the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α， alveolar bone resorption value， osteoclast number and RANKL protein expression were decreased significantly， while protein expressions of OPG， SDF-1 and CXCR4 were increased significantly in atractylodin low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups and metronidazole group （P＜0.05）. The change trend of corresponding indexes in the AMD3100 group was opposite to the above （P＜0.05）. AMD3100 attenuated the inhibitory effect of high-dose atractylodin on inflammatory response and alveolar bone loss in rats with periodontitis （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Atractylodin may improve the inflammatory response and alveolar bone loss in periodontitis rats by activating the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway.

Thoughts on Current Quality Standard of Atractylodis Rhizoma Based on Genuine Advantages of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Atractylodis Rhizoma is a kind of commonly used clinical Chinese medicine （TCM）， which was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing （《神农本草经》）. At that time， it was called "Zhu"， which is the general name of Atractylodis Rhizoma and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma. After Song dynasty， Atractylodis Rhizoma and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma were separated. Atractylodis Rhizoma can be divided into Atractylodes lancea and A. chinensis. In history， A. lancea as authentic， that its quality is better than A. chinensis. However， the quality of Atractylodis Rhizoma was evaluated by the index component atractylodin in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The general results showed that the content of atractylodin in A. lancea was low， even failed to meet the specified standard， and its content in A. chinensis was significantly higher than that in A. lancea. The results were inconsistent with the records of ancient books and documents， and the quality theory of "genuine medicine is the best". It could not reflect the quality advantage of genuine Atractylodis Rhizoma， and may even affect the clinical application and development momentum of genuine medicine. In short， the quality standard of TCM should not only conform to the historical experience， but also have the connotation of modern science and technology， which can stand the test of practice. Based on this， the author intends to sort out relevant laws and regulations， sort out the literature related to the authenticity， composition and efficacy of Atractylodis Rhizoma， and analyze the rationality of the current standard of Atractylodis Rhizoma by integrating the relevant records of historical classics and modern research results， so as to provide a basis for the improvement of the quality standard of Atractylodis Rhizoma.

Quality evaluation of Shirebi Tablets based on combinative methods of HPLC fingerprint, quantitative analysis of multi-components and chemometrics analysis / 中草药

Objective: To establish a quality evaluation method of Shirebi Tablet based on HPLC fingerprints, quantitative analysis of multi-components and chemometrics analysis. Methods: The chromatographic column was Waters Symmetry C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), and the column temperature was set at 30 ℃. The detection wavelength was set at 303 nm (for mulberroside A, mulberroside F and moracin M) and 270 nm (for forsythoside B, forsythoside A, forsythin, atractylodinol, atractylenolide II, and atractylodin). The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile-0.2% phosphate acid solution in gradient elution manner at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The HPLC fingerprint of Shirebi Tablet was established, the common peaks were determined by similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of TCM (Version 2012.130723), and the similarity was calculated. The content determination methods for mulberroside A, mulberroside F, moracin M, forsythoside B, forsythoside A, forsythin, atractylodinol, atractylenolide II, and atractylodin were validated. The chemometrics methods such as cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to evaluate the quality of Shirebi Tablet from different batches based on the results of fingerprint common peak area. Results: The fingerprint of Shirebi Tablet was established. Sixteen common peaks were identified. The similarity of fingerprints of 10 batches of Shirebi Tablet was more than 0.95. Nine components had good linear relationship in the range of mass concentration (r2 ≥ 0.999 1), and the average recoveries were 98.87%, 97.44%, 97.94%, 98.39%, 100.13%, 99.06%, 96.80%, 98.44% and 99.15% with the RSDs of 1.42%, 1.17%, 1.30%, 0.91%, 0.86%, 1.23%, 1.08%, 1.37% and 0.79%, respectively. The concentrations of mulberroside A, mulberroside F, moracin M, forsythoside B, forsythoside A, forsythin, atractylodinol, atractylenolide II, and atractylodin in 10 batches were 0.192—0.289, 0.057—0.095, 0.113—0.158, 0.309—0.375, 1.537—1.916, 0.478—0.596, 0.049—0.072, 0.279—0.354, and 0.629—0.759 mg/g, respectively. The results of cluster analysis showed that 10 batches of Shirebi Tablet were clustered into two groups, and the results of principal component analysis showed that the principal components 1—6 were the main factor affecting the quality evaluation of Shirebi Tablets. Conclusion: The method is simple, accurate and reproducible, which can be used for the quality control and evaluation of Shirebi Tablet.

Effects of copper stress on accumulation of three medicinal compositions and expression of two key enzyme genes in biosynthesis of Atractylodes lancea / 中草药

Objective: To explore the effect on the accumulation of medicinal compositions β-eudesmol, atractylon, atractylodin and key enzyme genes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) and farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) expression in biosynthesis of Atractylodes lancea under copper stress. Methods: Under copper stress, the expression of key enzyme genes HMGR and FPPS in A. lancea was determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR; the content of three medicinal components in A. lancea were determined by HPLC; The correlation analysis was performed with SPSS, and DPS software for grey correlation analysis. Results: When the copper stress concentration was within 100 mg/kg, the expression of FPPS and the content of atractylon in the rhizomes of A. lancea increased slightly. However, when the copper concentration continued to increase, the expression levels of HMGR and FPPS and three medicinal components content of A. lancea showed a different degrees of downward trend. The expression levels of HMGR and FPPS were positively correlated with the content of β-eudesmol, atractylon, and atractylodin (P < 0.05) under copper stress. Grey relational analysis showed that the content of β-eudesmol and atractylon in the rhizomes was significantly correlated with the expression of HMGR and FPPS of A. lancea under copper stress. The expression of FPPS gene had the larger contribution on the composition of β-eudesmol and atractylon. However, the correlation between the content of atractylodin and the expression of these two key enzyme genes was relatively small. Conclusion: This study clarified the change regulation of two key enzyme gene expression and the content of three medicinal compositions, and revealed the relationship between β-eudesmol, atractylon and HMGR and FPPS, the key enzymes in terpene biosynthesis of A. lancea under copper stress. It contributed to the further study of the molecular regulation mechanism of the synthesis of medicinal constituents under copper stress and provided a theoretical basis for improving the quality of A. lancea.

Identification of potential protein targets of atractylodin against cholangiocarcinoma / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To identify potential cell signaling pathways and protein targets of the active compound isolated from Atracylodes lancea "atractylodin" in cholangiocarcinoma, using proteomics approach. METHODS The holangiocar- cinoma cell line was exposed with atractylodin for 3 and 6 h and the proteins from both intra- and extra- cellular components were extracted. The extract proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and digested with trypsin.The LC-MS/MS was applied to identify proteins. Signaling pathways and protein expression were analyzed by MASCOT and STITCH software.RESULTS A total of 4,323 and 4,318 proteins were identified from intra-and extracellular components,respectively. Six intracellular proteins were linked with the signaling pathways (apoptosis, cell cycle control, and PI3K-AKT).Four extracellular proteins were linked with the signaling pathways(NF-κB and PI3K-AKT). CONCLUSION All these proteins will further study to confirm the link to the anticholangiocarcinoma ac-tivity of actractylodin.

Atractylodin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles:formulation and characterization / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To formulate atractylodin-loaded poly (lactic- co- glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and characterize the prepared nanoparticle formulation.METHODS The nanoparticle formu-lation was developed using solvent displacement method. The encapsulation and loading efficiency were characterized and particle size, and zeta potential were determined by dynamic light scattering technique.Drug release was assessed in vitro.RESULTS The size(mean±SD of diameter)of the prepared atractylodin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were (161.27 ± 1.87)nm with narrow size distribution (mean PDI: 0.068±0.015)and zeta potential(28.83±0.35)mV.The encapsulation and loading efficiency were (48.31±0.83)% and(2.15±0.04)%,respectively.Drug release from atractylodin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles was observed up to (87.70 ± 0.47)% in 72 h with biphasic manner. Moreover, the nanoparticles were found to be freely dispersible in water without aggregation. CONCLUSION Results suggest that PLGA nanoparticles may be used as an effective drug delivery system for atractylodin.The anti-cholangiocar-cinoma activity of this nanoparticle formulation is required.

Quantitative study of nine main components in Yueju Tablets by HPLC coupled with wavelength switching and gradient elution method / 中草药

Objective: To establish HPLC coupled with wavelength switching and gradient elution method (HPLC-DVD) for simultaneous determination of nine main components (α-cyperone, genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside, geniposide, crocin I, senkyunolide H, senkyunolide I, senkyunolide A, ligustilide, and atractylodin) in Yueju Tablets. Methods: The chromatographic separation was achieved on Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column with methanol-acetonitrile (2∶1) (A)-0.2% glacial acetic acid solution (B) as mobile phases for gradient elution, at the flow rate of 0.9 mL/min; The detection wavelength was set at 240 nm for α-cyperone, genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside and geniposide, 440 nm for crocin I, 280 nm for senkyunolide H, senkyunolide I, senkyunolide A and ligustilide, and 340 nm for atractylodin. The volume of sample injection was 10 μL. Results: The nine active components were well separated and showed good linearity, such as α-cyperone 2.58—51.60 μg/mL (r = 0.999 4), genipin-1-β-D- gentiobioside 11.99—239.80 μg/mL (r = 0.999 9), geniposide 17.96—359.20 μg/mL (r = 0.999 6), crocin-I 3.98—79.60 μg/mL (r = 0.999 7), senkyunolide H 2.82—56.40 μg/mL (r = 0.999 9), senkyunolide I 2.38—47.60 μg/mL (r = 0.999 9), senkyunolide A 6.04—120.80 μg/mL(r = 0.999 5), ligustilide 7.98—159.60 μg/mL (r = 0.999 3), and atractylodin 6.51—130.20 μg/mL (r = 0.999 2). The precision was good, and RSD was not more than 1.22%. The repeatability was good, and RSD was not more than 1.75%. The stability was good in 18 h, and RSD was not more than 1.37%. The average recoveries and corresponding RSD values were 97.64% (0.98%), 99.09% (1.46%), 100.11% (1.03%), 97.87% (0.80%), 98.59% (1.19%), 96.89% (1.34%), 99.38% (0.58%), 98.50% (1.22%), and 99.71% (0.85%), respectively. The contents of 10 batches of α-cyperone, genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside, geniposide, crocin I, senkyunolide, H, senkyunolide I, senkyunolide A, ligustilide and atractylodin were 0.282—0.344, 2.099—2.445, 3.628—4.225, 0.758—0.913, 0.241—0.286, 0.217—0.266, 1.077—1.291, 1.386—1.623, and 1.137—1.434 mg/tablet. Conclusion: HPLC coupled with wavelength switching and gradient elution method has been established for simultaneous determination of nine components in Yueju Tablets. The method is simple, quick, accurate, and it can be used for content determination and quality control of Yueju Tablets.

Rapid Quality Evaluation of Huoxiang Zhengqi Tincture (II): Simultaneous Determination of Seven Components in Huoxiang Zhengqi Tincture by UPLC with Wavelength Switching Detection / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate a rapid approach for quality evaluation of Huoxiang Zhengqi Tincture. METHODS: Hesperidin, glycyrrhizic acid, imperatorin, honokiol, isoimperatorin, magnolol and atractylodin in Huoxiang Zhengqi Tincture were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method combined with wavelength switching detection technology. The sample was injected directly without preprocessing. The separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) and the column temperature was maitained at 40℃. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid with gradient elution at a flaw rate of 0.3 mL·min-1. Hesperidin was detected at 284 nm; glycyrrhizic acid was detected at 250 nm; imperatorin, honokiol, isoimperatorin and magnolol were detected at 300 nm; atractylodin was detected at 340 nm. RESULTS: The calibration curves of the seven components showed good linearity within their test ranges. The average recoveries for hesperidin, glycyrrhizic acid, imperatorin, honokiol, isoimperatorin, magnolol and atractylodin were 99.3%, 99.5%, 101.5%, 99.3%, 100.6%, 99.0% and 99.6%, respectively. And there were great variations among the contents of glycyrrhizic acid, imperatorin, isoimperatorin and atractylodin in 28 batches of samples from 13 manufactures. CONCLUSION: The proposed method is accurate, simple and rapid, thus providing basis for comprehensive quality control of Huoxiang Zhengqi Tincture.

Ameliorative effects of atractylodin on intestinal inflammation and co-occurring dysmotility in both constipation and diarrhea prominent rats

Intestinal disorders often co-occur with inflammation and dysmotility. However, drugs which simultaneously improve intestinal inflammation and co-occurring dysmotility are rarely reported. Atractylodin, a widely used herbal medicine, is used to treat digestive disorders. The present study was designed to characterize the effects of atractylodin on amelioration of both jejunal inflammation and the co-occurring dysmotility in both constipation-prominent (CP) and diarrhea-prominent (DP) rats. The results indicated that atractylodin reduced proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the plasma and inhibited the expression of inflammatory mediators iNOS and NF-kappa B in jejunal segments in both CP and DP rats. The results indicated that atractylodin exerted stimulatory effects and inhibitory effects on the contractility of jejunal segments isolated from CP and DP rats respectively, showing a contractile-state-dependent regulation. Atractylodin-induced contractile-state-dependent regulation was also observed by using rat jejunal segments in low and high contractile states respectively (5 pairs of low/high contractile states). Atractylodin up-regulated the decreased phosphorylation of 20 kDa myosin light chain, protein contents of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), and MLCK mRNA expression in jejunal segments of CP rats and down-regulated those increased parameters in DP rats. Taken together, atractylodin alleviated rat jejunal inflammation and exerted contractile-state-dependent regulation on the contractility of jejunal segments isolated from CP and DP rats respectively, suggesting the potential clinical implication for ameliorating intestinal inflammation and co-occurring dysmotility.

Determination of atractylodin, atractylon, and β-eudesmol and study on characteristic spectrum of Atractylodis Rhizoma / 中草药

Objective: To study the content determination of atractylodin, atractylon, and β-eudesmol in Atractylodis Rhizoma by GC and characteristic spectrum in order to provide a scientific basis for the quality control. Methods: Using GC and Agilent HP-5 capillary column, taking nitrogen as carrier gas, FID as detector, temperature programming, split ratio, injection port temperature: 250℃, detector temperature: 250℃, column temperature: 130℃; The contents of atractylodin, atractylon and β-eudesmol of 25 samples between Chengde and purchased from other markets were determined by external standard method. The characteristic spectrum was set up and the similarity was analyzed by Estimating System of Similarity on the Chinese Medicine Fingerprint Chromatogram. Results: The determination method and characteristic spectrum by GC for atractylodin, atractylon, and β-eudesmol in Atractylodis Rhizoma were established. Nine characteristic peaks were identified; The linear range of β-eudesmol was 20.00 - 406.10 μg/mL (r = 0.999 9), and the average recovery was 100.75%, RSD = 1.17% (n = 6), and the limit of detection was 0.12 ng. The linear range of atractylon was 35.00 - 348.70 μg/mL (r = 0.999 5), and the average recovery was 99.84%, RSD = 1.29% (n = 6), and the limit of detection was 0.04 ng; The linear range of atractylodin was 16.46 - 329.30 μg/mL (r = 0.999 6), and the average recovery was 100.12%, RSD = 0.88% (n = 6), and the limit of detection was 0.06 ng. Conclusion: The concent determination and characteristic spectrum method of atractylodin, atractylon, and β-eudesmol established by this study are sensitive, simple, stability, which could make the determination result accurate and reliable.

Simultaneous determination of thirteen constituents in Jiuwei Qianghuo Oral Liquid by RP-HPLC / 中草药

Objective: To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of catalpol, liquiritin, ammonium glycyrrhizinate, asarinin, verbascoside, atractylodin, ferulic acid, imperatorin, notopterol, isoimperatorin, baicalin, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, and 5-O-methylvisammioside in Jiuwei Qianghuo Oral Liquid (JQOL). Methods: The analysis was performed on Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) by gradient elution of acetonitrile-0.005 mol/L KH2PO4 (adjusting to pH 3.0 with phosphoric acid) (15:85). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Results: The linear ranges of catalpol, liquiritin, ammonium glycyrrhizinate, asarinin, verbascoside, atractylodin, ferulic acid, imperatorin, notopterol, isoimperatorin, baicalin, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, and 5-O-methylvisammioside were 2.08-31.22 μg/mL (r=0.9995), 4.01-60.15 μg/mL (r=0.9992), 10.09-151.31 μg/mL (r=0.9992), 4.98-74.63 μg/mL (r=0.9994), 2.05-30.74 μg/mL (r=0.9996), 4.10-61.46 μg/mL (r=0.9996), 2.93-43.98 μg/mL (r=0.9993), 2.04-30.66 μg/mL (r=0.9995), 12.54-181.55 μg/mL (r=0.9997), 53.95-89.23 μg/mL (r=0.9995), 12.05-180.68 μg/mL (r=0.9995), 5.97-89.51 μg/mL (r=0.9994), and 7.99-119.82 μg/mL (r=0.9996). The average recoveries (n=6) were 98.8% (RSD=1.9%), 98.6% (RSD=1.8%), 101.2% (RSD=1.5%), 99.4% (RSD=0.8%), 100.1% (RSD=0.6%), 99.7% (RSD=0.9%), 98.9% (RSD=1.2%), 99.4% (RSD=2.0%), 100.5% (RSD=1.6%), 98.7% (RSD=0.8%), 101.2% (RSD=1.4%), 98.3% (RSD=1.5%), and 99.1% (RSD=1.7%), respectively. The contents of nine batches of the catalpol, liquiritin, ammonium glycyrrhizinate, asarinin, verbascoside, atractylodin, ferulic acid, imperatorin, notopterol, isoimperatorin, baicalin, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, and 5-O-methylvisammioside were 0.229-0.259 mg/L, 1.231-1.260 mg/L, 0.849-0.877 mg/L, 0.357-0.371 mg/L, 0.149-0.169 mg/L, 0.941-0.967 mg/L, 0.529-0.547 mg/L, 0.269-0.294 mg/L, 1.039-1.067 mg/L, 0.043-0.064 mg/L, 3.631-3.649 mg/L, 0.157-0.183 mg/L, and 0.068-0.084 mg/L. Conclusion: This method is simple and rapid, and can be used for the quality control of JQOL with satisfactory separation and repeatability.

Simultaneous determination of seven constituents in Longsha Granules by dual-wavelength RP-HPLC / 中草药

Objective: To establish the RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of phellodendrine, rutin, baicalin, baicalein, berberine hydrochloride, quercetin, and atractylodin in Longsha Granules. Methods: The seven components were measured on a C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) of Kromasil with a gradient elution of acetonitrile -0.02% phosphoric acidsolution at the wavelengths of 205 nm (phellodendrine, rutin, baicalin, baicalein, and quercetin) and 340 nm (berberine hydrochloride and atractylodin), a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and the column temperature of 30 ℃. Results: Phellodendrine, rutin, baicalin, baicalein, berberine hydrochloride, quercetin, and atractylodin showed a good correlation in the ranges of 0.011-0.168 mg/mL (r = 0.9999), 0.010-0.160 mg/mL (r = 0.9999), 0.053-0.842 mg/mL (r = 0.9999), 0.014-0.228 mg/mL (r = 0.9998), 0.016-0.266 mg/mL (r = 0.9998), 0.009-0.144 mg/mL (r = 0.9999), and 0.002-0.024 mg/mL (r = 0.9997). The average recovery rates were 99.83%, 100.09%, 99.98%, 99.54%, 100.14%, 99.67%, and 100.06%. The RSD were 1.9%, 2.6%, 3.7%, 2.4%, 2.1%, 1.8%, and 3.2%. Conclusion: The method is simple, accurate, and excellent repetition, and can be used to control the quality of Longsha Granules.

Optimization of Processing Technology for Atractylodes lancea Stir-baking with Bran by Box-behnken Re-sponse Surface Methodology / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the processing technology for Atractylodes lancea stir-baking with bran. METHODS:Us-ing the content of atractylodin,yield of water-soluble extract and ethanol-soluble extract,appearance score as comprehensive in-dex,the effects of excipient amount,stir-baking time and temperature on the quality of A. lancea stir-baking with bran were investi-gated by Box-behnken design-response surface method,so as to optimize the processing technology parameters of A. lancea stir-bak-ing with bran,and verification test were conducted. RESULTS:The optimized parameters were that the excipients amount was 10% medicinal material,stir-baking at 140 ℃ for 3 min;average comprehensive score of verification test was 0.39 (RSD=2.88%,n=3),which was close to predicted value 0.38. CONCLUSIONS:Box-behnken response surface method is reasonable and feasible for the optimization of the processing technology for A. lancea stir-baking with bran.

Determination of Atractylodin, Magnolol and Honokiol in Xiangshapingwei Pills by GC / 中国药师

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of atractylodin, magnolol and honokiol in Xiangshapingwei pills by GC. Methods:An HP-5 column (30 m × 0. 32 mm × 0. 25 μm) with an FID detector was used, and the flow rate of the carrier gas (N2) was 2. 0 ml·min-1. The column temperature was raised by program: the initial temperature was 100℃ and maintained for 7 min, and then raised to 250℃ at the rate of 20℃·min-1 and kept for 10min. The inlet temperature was 300℃ and the detector tem-perature was 300℃. The injection volume was 1 μl and the split ratio was 20∶ 1. Results:The linear range of atractylodin, magnolol and honokiol was 4. 264-85. 280 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 7), 9. 856-197. 120 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 5) and 10. 040-200. 800 μg·ml-1 (r=0. 999 6), respectively. The average recovery wsa 98. 2%, 98. 6% and 99. 3% with RSD of 1. 5%, 1. 5% and 1. 9%, respec-tively (n=6). Conclusion:The method is simple, accurate and reliable, which can be used for the quality control of Xiangshaping-wei pills.

Preparation of Pingwei Dispersible Tablets and Content Determination of Atractylodin / 中国药师

Objective:To prepare Pingwei dispersible tablets and establish a method for the determination of atractylodin. Meth-ods:HPLC was performed on a Kromasil C18 column(250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm)using methanol-water(75:25)as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 ml·min-1 . The detection wavelength was at 340nm. The column temperature was 30℃ and the injection volume was 10 μl. Results:The optimized formula of the tablets was as follows:the proportion of inner disintegrant microcrystalline cellulose,out-side disintegrant carboxymethyl cellulose sodium and HPMC was 40%,9% and 2%,respectively. The adhesive was 2% HPMC in 70% ethanol,and 1. 5% magnesium stearate was used as the lubricant. The linear range of atractylodin was 0. 100 6-0. 503 0 μg(r=0. 999 9),and the average recovery was 99. 3%(RSD=0. 9%,n=6). Conclusion:The formula and the preparation process of the tablets are reasonable and the content determination method is simple,accurate and specific,which can be used in the quality control of Pingwei dispersible tablets.

Simultaneous Determination of Naringin, Hesperidin and Atractylodin in Yun-Pi Powder Extract by HPLC / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to simultaneously determinate the content of naringin, hesperidin and atractylodin in Y un-Pi (YP) Powder extract by HPLC. A Thermo ODS-2 column (250 mm í 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used for the gra-dient elution with a methanol-water of 0~5 min (30%~40% A), 5~15 min (40%~50% A), 15~20 min (50%~79%A), 20~30 min (79%~100% A), 30~45 min (100% A), 45~55 min (100%~30% A), 55~60 min (30% A). The col-umn temperature was at 30℃. The detection wavelength was at 283 nm. The flow rate was 1 mL·min-1. The linear range was determined to be 0.009 16~0.137 00 μg (r = 0.999 9), 0.006 22~0.091 30 μg (r = 0.999 8), 0.003 58~0.053 70 μg (r = 0.999 9), respectively for naringin, hesperidin and atractylodin. The average recovery rate of pterodontic acid was 103.51%, 96.82% and 97.65%. And RSD was 1.37%, 1.41%, 1.49% (n = 6). It was concluded that the method had good specificity and repeatability. It was considered as a good tool for the content determination of naringin, hesperidin and atractylodin in YP Powder extract.

Determination of Atractylodin in Essential Oil of Jingfukang Preparations and Stability in Different Solutions / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To establish a method for determination of atractylodin in essential oil of Jingfukang preparations by GC and analyze its stability in different solutions. Methods Using HP-5 quartz capillary column (30 m×0.32 mm), programmed temperature was conducted with the FID as detector. The content of atractylodin was determined both at room temperature and 4 ℃ in 20 days. Results The linear range of atractylodin was 4.172-41.72 μg/mL (r=0.999 7). The stability of atractylodin in essential oil of atractylodes was better than in anhydrous alcohol solution or in essential oil of Jingfukang preparation. Conclusion This method is suitable for the quality control of atractylodin in essential oil of Jingfukang preparations. Low temperature is helpful to the stability of atractylodin. The storage period of essential oil of Jingfukang preparations should not be too long.

Determination of cinnamic acid, cinnama ldehyde, paeonol, alisol B 23-acetate, atractylodes lancea and atractylodin in Yeming granules by RP-HPLC / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To develop a RP-HPLC method for determination of cinnamic acid, cinnama ldehyde, paeonol, alisol B 23 acetate, atractylodes lancea, and atractylodin in Yeming granules. METHODS: The determination was performed on an Eclipse XDB-C18column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) at 30°C with a flow rate of 1.0 mL · min-1. The mobile phase was 0.3% phosphate-acetonitrile at gradient elution. The detection wavelength was set at 240 nm. RESULTS: The linear regression equations for cinnamic acid, cinnama ldehyde, paeonol, alisolB 23 acetate, atractylodes lancea, and atractylodin were ρ=-0.0055A + 0.0083 (r=0.9996), ρ=0.0255, 4+0.1336 (r=0.9999), ρ=0.0408 A +0.664 3 (r=0.999), ρ=0.003 3 4+0.0171(r=0.999 9), ρ=0.0163 A + 0.1075 (r=0.999 8), ρ=0.0229A + 0.0884 (r=0.9999), respectively. Good linearity was obtained over the ranges of 0.3096-2.322, 10.24-76.8, 37.36-280.2, 0.5128-3.846, 1.612-12.09 and 10.26-76.95 μg · mL-1, respectively. The recoveries were 100.1%, 99.8%, 100.7%, 99.3%, 100.4% and 100.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is simple and suitable to control the quality of Yeming granules. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.