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INTRODUCCIÓN: Las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas (ERC) en niños han aumentado en los últimos años siendo la Rehabilitación Respiratoria uno de los tratamientos utilizados en esta población. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el impacto de un programa de entrenamiento aeróbico sobre cinta rodante en pacientes pediátricos con ERC del Hospital Josefina Martínez. METODOLOGÍA: Serie retrospectiva de casos con registro prospectivo de 9 pacientes con una edad promedio de 7,1 ± 3,9 años con ERC y entrenamiento aeróbico. Los pacientes realizaron 24 sesiones. Se analizaron los registros pre-post de los test de marcha de 6 min (TM6) y la velocidad máxima obtenida en el Test Cardiopulmonar Incremental (VTCI). RESULTADOS: Las medias de la distancia recorrida en TM6 pre y post entrenamiento fueron de 383 ± 142,4 m y 451,7 ± 142,4 m respectivamente (p < 0,0001). Las medias de las VTCI pre y post entrenamiento fueron: 4,1 ± 1,1 km/h y 5,4 ± 1,27 km/h (p = 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: La distancia recorrida en el TM6 y la capacidad máxima de trabajo mejoraron significativamente con el entrenamiento aeróbico en estos pacientes con ERC.
INTRODUCTION: Chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) in children have increased in recent years. Respiratory Rehabilitation is one of the treatments used in this population. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a treadmill training program over pediatric patients with CRD in the Josefina Martínez Children's Hospital at Santiago de Chile. METHODS: Retrospective cases series with prospective record of 9 patients 7.1 ± 3.9 years-old with CRD and treadmill training. The patients performed 24 sessions. The Pre-post records of the 6-minute walk test (6MW) and the maximum speed obtained in the Incremental Load Test (ILT) were analyzed. RESULTS: Averages of the distance traveled pre and post-training were 383 ± 142.4 meters and 451.7 ± 142.4 meters respectively (p < 0.0001). The average maximum speed obtained in the ILT was 4.1 ± 1.1 km/h and 5.4 ± 1.27 km/h (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The distance walked in the 6-minute walk test and the maximum work capacity improve significantly with treadmill training in these patients with CRD.
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Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Respiratory Tract Diseases/rehabilitation , Endurance Training/methods , Gait/physiology , Time Factors , Exercise , Chronic Disease , Retrospective Studies , Walk Test , Cardiorespiratory Fitness/physiologyABSTRACT
Desde 1996, el Hospital del Tórax Dr. Antonio A. Cetrángolo aplica un programa de rehabilitación respiratoria, el cual requiere la concurrencia al hospital, dos veces por semana, de los pacientes con enfermedad respiratoria crónica. En 2015, se desarrolló el programa domiciliario (PD) para pacientes que viven a más de 10 km del hospital, o necesitan más de 60 minutos de viaje, o trabajan y tienen incompatibilidad de horarios con el programa hospitalario. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo con el objetivo de describir la adherencia al programa domiciliario de pacientes con enfermedad respiratoria crónica y explorar los factores relacionados. En 2017, 96 de 127 (75.6%) pacientes elegibles para rehabilitación respiratoria fueron asignados al programa domiciliario y se les indicó cumplimentar al menos tres sesiones semanales de ejercicios de resistencia aeróbica, fuerza segmentaria de miembros superiores e inferiores y flexibilidad; y concurrir al hospital cada 20 o 30 días; a la quinta visita se realizó la reevaluación. Se consideró "adherencia al PD" cuando el paciente completaba la misma. El 40.6% (n = 39) solo asistió a la evaluación inicial y un 23% (n = 22) adhirió al programa. El grupo adherente presentó, al inicio, mejor FVC (p = 0.013), menor score de disnea (p = 0.008), menos de dos o más exacerbaciones en los seis meses previos (p = 0.032). Un solo paciente necesitaba tres o más transportes para llegar al hospital (p = 0.006). Los resultados sugieren que la adherencia al programa domiciliario se relacionó con mejor situación clínica y mejor accesibilidad a la institución.
Since 1996, the Hospital del Tórax Dr. Antonio A. Centrángolo conducts a pulmonary rehabilitation program that requires patients with chronic pulmonary disease to attend the hospital twice a week. In 2015 the home-based program (HBP) was developed for patients living more than either 10 km or 60 minutes away from the hospital, or with conflicting working schedules. A retrospective study was conducted to describe the adherence to the home-based program by patients with chronic pulmonary disease, and explore adherence-related factors. In 2017, 96 (75.6%) of 127 patients eligible for pulmonary rehabilitation were assigned to the home-based program; they were instructed to complete at least three exercise sessions a week -including aerobic and resistance, segmental strength of upper and lower limbs, and flexibility-; and attend hospital visits every 20 to 30 days; "adherence to the HBP" was determined for patients who attended their final assessment on the fifth visit. A 40.6% (n = 39) of the patients only attended the first visit; 23% (n = 22) adhered to the program. This latter group of patients had shown, at their first assessment, better FVCs (p = 0.013), lower dyspnea scores (p = 0.008), and less than two or more exacerbations during the previous 6 months (p = 0.032). Only one patient needed to take three or more different transportation services to reach the hospital (p = 0.006). The results suggest that adherence to the home-based program was associated to a better clinical status and better access to the hospital.
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Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Treatment Adherence and Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Retrospective Studies , Home Care Services, Hospital-Based , Home Care ServicesABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the probability of premature mortality, mortality and standardized mortality of chronic respiratory diseases during 2005-2015 in Guangdong province, thus providing scientific and effective reference for further development of prevention and control of chronic respiratory diseases. Methods: The data of chronic respiratory disease were collected from the death registration system of 2005-2015 Guangdong province residents. The probability of premature mortality, mortality, age-standardized mortality and annual percent change (APC) were calculated. Chi-square test was used to compare the rates, the trend change was identified by linear regression. Results: During year 2005-2015, the probability of premature mortality decreased from 2.48% to 1.13%, and its APC was -7.87% (F=239.58, P<0.05). The percentage of deaths from chronic respiratory diseases decreased from 14.02% to 10.84% in total deaths, with the corresponding APC of -2.96% (F=21.12, P<0.05). The mortality decreased from 71.39/100,000 to 50.76/100,000, with the corresponding APC of -3.63% (F=41.49, P<0.05). The age-standardized mortality decreased from 107.31/100,000 to 61.83/100,000, with the corresponding APC of -5.64% (F=106.83, P<0.05). Conclusions Chronic respiratory diseases remain a major health hazard for residents in Guangdong province, although their incidence shows a downtrend, so further preventive and control measures are needed to reduce the premature death from chronic respiratory diseases.
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Objective To standardize an expert consensus on pulmonary rehabilitation nursing of chronic respiratory diseases. Methods On the basis of literature review, 5 experts were interviewed and 19 experts were consulted to establish the primary and secondary themes. 10 nursing experts in this field were invited to conduct peer review on the draft consensus to modify and improve the consensus content. Results After expert consultations，14 first-level themes and 40 second-level themes were established. The value of Ca (judgment coefficient),Cs (familiarity coefficient) and Cr (authority coefficient) were 0.895,0.839 and 0.867 ,which indicated the expert consultation have high authority and credibility. The Kendall coefficients of first-round expert consultation were 0.121 and 0.151, and they were 0.205 and 0.149 in the second round (P<0.05).In the first-round expert consultation, the coefficients of variation of the first and second themes were 0.197 and 0.200,and in the second round ,they were 0.202 and 0.237. They were all less than 0.25 , indicating that the expert's judgment results were relatively consistent. Conclusion As this consensus was developed based on 19 clinical nursing professionals from across the country, it is scientific and authoritative. This consensus can not only benefit to clinical nursing practice, but also lay the foundation for the development of guideline, and it still needs further theoretical and empirical research verification.
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Introducción. El Cuestionario de Enfermedad Respiratoria Crónica Autoadminsitrado (CRQ-SAS) es un instrumento utilizado para evaluar calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en diferentes idiomas y poblaciones adultas, aunque no en adolescentes. Este estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas del CRQ-SAS en una muestra de pacientes adolescentes con enfermedad respiratoria crónica y las relaciona con la clínica ansioso-depresiva. Método. Para analizar propiedades psicométricas del CRQ-SAS, se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios, para estudiar la fiabilidad y validez de la escala. Para evaluar las relaciones con la clínica ansioso-depresiva, se realizaron correlaciones y regresiones lineales múltiples con la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria. Se calcularon diferencias de medias en función de variables sociodemográficas. Resultados. El CRQ-SAS fue administrado en 280 niños y adolescentes con enfermedad respiratoria crónica de edades comprendidas entre 9 y 18 años (Media= 12,02) con una distribución similar entre varones y mujeres. Se mantuvo la estructura original de cuatro factores, se eliminaron 3 ítems de la escala original, y se obtuvo una nueva versión de 17 ítems. Esta mostró adecuadas propiedades psicométricas y de validez discriminante. La disnea y la función emocional fueron las dimensiones que mejor predijeron la clínica ansioso-depresiva. Por último, se obtuvieron baremos para la interpretación de las puntuaciones en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Conclusiones. Este cuestionario, utilizado anteriormente en población adulta, puede ser un adecuado instrumento para evaluar calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en pacientes adolescentes con enfermedad respiratoria crónica.
Introduction. The Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire Self-Administered Standardized (CRQ-SAS) format is used to assess health-related quality of life in different languages and adult populations, but it has not been validated in adolescents. This study analyzes the psychometric properties of the CRQ-SAS in a sample of adolescent patients with chronic respiratory disease and correlates them to anxiety and depression. Method. In relation to the CRQ-SAS psychometric properties, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were done to assess the instrument's reliability and validity. Correlations and multiple linear regressions with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were done to assess the relation with anxiety and depression. The mean difference was estimated based on sociodemographic outcome measures. Results. The CRQ-SAS was administered to 280 children and adolescents with chronic respiratory disease aged 9-18 years (mean=12.02), with a similar male-female distribution. The original 4-factor structure was maintained; 3 items were removed from the original scale and a new 17-item version was obtained. This showed adequate psychometric properties and discriminant validity. The dyspnea and emotional functioning domains better predicted anxiety and depression. Lastly, scales were obtained for the interpretation of health-related quality of life scores. Conclusions. This questionnaire, which has been previously used in the adult population, may be an adequate instrument to assess health-related quality of life in adolescent patients with chronic respiratory disease.
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Humans , Child , Adolescent , Psychometrics , Quality of Life , Respiratory Tract Diseases , Surveys and Questionnaires , AdolescentABSTRACT
Background Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and chronic airway disease (COPD and Asthma) are major epidemics accounting for significant mortality and morbidity. The combination presents many diagnostic challenges. Clinical symptoms and signs frequently overlap. There is a need for airway evaluation in these patients to plan appropriate management. Methods Consecutive stable IHD patients attending the cardiology OPD in a tertiary care centre were interviewed for collecting basic demographic information, brief medical, occupational, personal history and risk factors for coronary artery disease and airway disease, modified medical research centre (MMRC) grade for dyspnea, quality of life-St. George respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ), spirometry and six-min walk tests. Patients with chronic airway obstruction were treated as per guidelines and were followed up at 3rd month with spirometry, six-minute walk test and SGRQ. Results One hundred fourteen consecutive patients with stable cardiac disease were included (Males-88, Females-26). Mean age was 58.89 ± 12.24 years, 53.50% were smokers, 31.56% were alcoholics, 40.35% diabetics, 47.36% hypertensive. Twenty five patients had airway obstruction on spirometry (COPD-13 and Asthma-12) and none were on treatment. Thirty-one patients had cough and 48 patients had dyspnea. Patients with abnormal spirometry had higher symptoms, lower exercise tolerance and quality of life. Treatment with appropriate respiratory medications resulted in increase in lung function, quality of life and exercise tolerance at 3rd month. Conclusion Chronic respiratory disease in patients with stable IHD is frequent but often missed due to overlap of symptoms. Spirometry is a simple tool to recognize the underlying pulmonary condition and patients respond favorably with appropriate treatment
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@#The objective of this study wasto determine the factorial validity of the Chinese version of the General Family Functioning subscale (GF-12) and to assess parents’ perceived family functioning of children with or without chronic respiratory disease in Malaysia. Thirty two parents of children with chronic respiratory disease and 30 parents of healthy children were recruited. The GF-12 was administered at baseline and 2 weeks later. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that our instrument was a 1-factor model assessing general family functioning. Cronbach’s α value was 0.950. Test-retest reliability coefficient ranged from 0.490-0.790. The overall mean (standard deviation) score was not significantly different between parent’s perceived family functioning of children with or without respiratory disease [1.83(0.63) versus 1.65(0.46), p=0.385]. The Chinese version of the GF-12 was found to be a valid and reliable instrument to assess family functioning in Malaysia. Parents in the present study showed healthy perceived family functioning (total score >2.00)
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Objective:To investigate the prevalence,and the factors that influence depressive symptoms among chronic respiratory disease patients in tertiary hospital.Methods:A total of 1713 outpatients and inpatients with chronic respiratory disease were selected from 8 tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province from July to September,2014 and screened according to the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale-D (HADS-D).A questionnaire developed by this research group,was used to collect demographic and clinical information.Logistic regression was used to identify factors that were associated with depressive symptoms.Results:The overall rate of depressive symptoms was 46.0％.Multiple logistic analysis showed that spinsterhood (OR ＝ 0.45),higher education level (middle school /high school/technical school OR ＝0.65;college degree or aboveOR ＝0.28),BMI ≥24 (OR ＝0.71) were associated with decreased risk of depressive symptoms (P ＜ 0.05).B MI ＜ 18.5 (OR ＝ 1.52,),average income of family ≥10000 RMB (OR ＝ 1.37-1.96),limited daily activities (OR ＝ 1.72),poorer sleep quality (OR ＝ 1.45),and negative life events (OR ＝ 1.62) were associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:The prevalence of depressive symptoms among chronic respiratory disease patients in tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province was higher.Marital status,education level,income,BMI,limited daily activities,subjective sleep quality,negative life events may be the related factors of depressive symptoms of chronic respiratory diseases patients.
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Objective To investigate cost and influencing factors of the economic burden of chronic respiratory disease in hospitalize elderly patients. Methods A convenience sample of 284 elderly patients with chronic respiratory disease, investigated with Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D). Results The hospitalization expenses was (8 810.80 ± 4 290.90) yuan,especially medical costs was the highest(54.18%).Correlation analysis and the outcome of multiple lineal stepwise regression reveals that durations of hospitalization (r=0.822), value of GDS-15 (r=0.558), value of EQ-5D (r=0.486), medical insurance types (r=0.290), nutrition medicine (r=0.226), prognosis of disease (r=0.188), measures of PTA (r=0.158), chronic complications (r=0.143) and reimbursement ratio (r=-0.211) were related with the direct economic burden (P<0.05). Conclusion The durations of hospitalization,degree of depression,medical insurance types,complications,nutrition medicine,level of healthy,and the antibacterial effect are the main influence factors of the direct economic burden.Among them,the durations of hospitalization is more severe.
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INTRODUCTION: The problem of increasing mortality from noncommunicable disease (NCD) in the Philippines warrants an in-depth assessment of premature death rate in the country. This research aims to explore the temporal characteristics of mortality younger than 70 years old from the leading NCD among Filipinos from 2006 to 2012 and forecast premature mortality rates in 2013 to 2016. METHODS: Time series modeling and forecasting using the Box-Jenkins method was performed on secondary ecologic data extracted from the national mortality database maintained by the Philippine Statistics Authority-National Statistics Office.RESULTS: Premature death rate from cardiovascular diseases has been increasing steadily. Diabetes mellitus, which shows initially rising mortality among the 30-69-year-old age group, has been reversed in 2009. Trends of premature mortality from cancers and chronic lung diseases did not appear to change over time. NCD mortality rates in the 30-69-year-old age group are generally expected to plateau from 2013 onwards.CONCLUSION: This novel application of time series analysis on premature NCD mortality data drives both further scientific studies and formal programmatic evaluation by providing a better evidence-based picture of NCD burden in the country.
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Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Middle Aged , Adult , Mortality , Population , Life Style , Cardiovascular Diseases , Diabetes Mellitus , Lung Diseases , Mortality, Premature , Neoplasms , PhilippinesABSTRACT
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has been widely used for the treatment of acute and chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) in both adults and children. In the rehabilitation setting, NIV has shown a positive impact in improving exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there are no data regarding its efficiency in children with CRD. In this article we reviewed the pathophysiological aspects about the origin of the ventilatory constraints during exercise in patients with COPD justifying the inclusion of ventilator assistance in training protocols; also we presented recommendations for proper incorporation of ventilator therapy in rehabilitation. The purpose of this review is to provide data for the design of future studies to evaluate the applicability of this therapeutic strategy for children with chronic respiratory disease.
La asistencia ventilatoria no invasiva (VNI) ha sido ampliamente utilizada para el tratamiento de enfermedades respiratorias agudas y crónicas, tanto en adultos como en población infantil. En el contexto de la rehabilitación, la VNI ha mostrado un impacto positivo al mejorar la tolerancia al ejercicio en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). No obstante, no existen datos respecto a su eficiencia en niños con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas. En el presente texto se revisan los aspectos fisiopatológicos que sustentan el origen de la limitación ventilatoria al ejercicio, presente en los pacientes con EPOC, y que justifican la incorporación de la asistencia ventilatoria a los protocolos de entrenamiento. Por otro lado, se presentan recomendaciones para una apropiada incorporación de la terapia ventilatoria a la rehabilitación. El propósito de la presente revisión es proporcionar datos para el diseño de futuros estudios que evalúen la aplicabilidad de esta estrategia terapéutica a niños con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas.
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Humans , Male , Female , Child , Exercise/physiology , Respiratory Tract Diseases/physiopathology , Respiratory Tract Diseases/rehabilitation , Noninvasive Ventilation/methods , Biomechanical Phenomena , Chronic Disease , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Respiratory Muscles/physiologyABSTRACT
Introducción: Las infecciones por adenovirus se diseminan rápidamente en recintos cerrados causando brotes asociados a gran morbimortalidad. Objetivos: Identificar tasa de ataque (TA) de infección por adenovirus en hospital de niños con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas (ERC) y evaluar factores asociados que faciliten la infección. Pacientes y Método: Entre junio y octubre de 2010 se evaluaron 50 niños con ERC del Hospital Josefina Martínez. Ellos estuvieron expuestos durante el invierno a pacientes con infección respiratoria aguda baja. A los pacientes con ERC sintomáticos (fiebre y cambio en su signología respiratoria basal) se les realizó Inmunofluorescencia Directa (IFD) Viral. "Caso" fue definido como "paciente sintomático e IFD positiva para Adenovirus". Se evaluaron TA primaria, secundaria y global. Variables como género, edad, traqueostomía y gastrostomía fueron analizadas buscando asociación con los casos. Resultados: El 44 por ciento de los pacientes eran lactantes. El 68 por ciento tenía traqueostomía y 54 por ciento gastrostomía. El primer paciente con Adenovirus ingresó en junio y el caso primario apareció dos semanas después. Hubo 25 casos secundarios que representaron TA secundaria de 51 por ciento. La TA global fue 52 por ciento. No hubo fallecidos. Los lactantes tuvieron un riesgo tres veces mayor que los niños mayores de contraer la infección (OR 3,31 [IC95 por ciento 1,02-10,72; p = 0,046]). No hubo asociación significativa con traqueostomía, gastrostomía ni género. Conclusiones: La alta diseminación de la infección por adenovirus en recintos cerrados obliga a extremar las medidas de prevención de IAAS especialmente en lactantes.
Introduction: Intrahospital adenovirus infections spread rapidly in closed environments causing outbreaks associated with high morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To identify the attack rate (AR) of adenovirus in a hospital treating children with Chronic Respiratory Diseases (CRD) and to evaluate associated factors that facilitate infection. Patients and Methods: Fifty children with CRD were evaluated between June 2010 and October 2010 at Josefina Martinez Hospital. They were exposed to patients with acute lower respiratory infection during winter. Patients with CRD symptoms (fever and change in basal nasal mucus) underwent Viral Direct Immunofluorescence (DIF). The case was defined as "symptomatic patient with positive DIF for Adenovirus". Primary, secondary and global ARs were evaluated. Variables such as gender, age, tracheostomy and gastrostomy were analyzed looking for associations with the cases. Results: 44 percent of patients were infants; 68 percent of children had tracheostomy and 54 percent had gastrostomy. The first patient with Adenovirus was admitted in June and the primary case was reported two weeks later. 25 cases presented secondary AR corresponding to 51percent Global AR was 52 percent overall. No mortality was reported. The risk was three times higher in infants than older children (OR 3.31 [IC95 percent 1.02-10.72; p = 0.046]). No significant associations with tracheostomy, gastrostomy and gender were found. Conclusions: The rapid spread of adenovirus infection in closed environments requires extreme prevention measures especially regarding infants.
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Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology , Adenovirus Infections, Human/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Chile , Chronic Disease , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Gastrectomy/adverse effects , Hospitals, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Adenovirus Infections, Human/surgery , Tracheostomy/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Collibacillosis is considered one of the major diseases of the modern poultry industry, due to the significant losses it causes. Escherichia coli contributes not only to the disease itself, by causing weight loss of the birds, but also to the increase in carcasses condemnation during slaughter and processing. Detection of virulence factors in E. coli strains of the APEC pathotype contributes to the characterization and pathogenicity of this agent. PCR techniques have been very helpful in the search for genes that encode those virulence factors. This study aimed to detect the gene Fel A of E. coli by PCR and relate its positivity to low weight in broiler flocks with airsacculitis as diagnosed by the health inspection service. The study involved 40 flocks of broilers slaughtered in a single poultry slaughterhouse, under Federal Sanitary Inspection, located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Three broilers were randomly selected to obtain one "pool" of three tracheas for each PCR. DNA was extracted using phenol-chloroform and amplified using a pair of primers specific to gene Fel A of E. coli. Of the 40 flocks analyzed by PCR, 35% (14/40) were positive for the gene Fel A. PCR was an effective technique for the detection of gene Fel A in broiler flocks. There was a relationship between the presence of the gene Fel A, weight loss, and increase of the airsacculitis rate...
A colibacilose é considerada uma das principais doenças da indústria avícola moderna, devido aos grandes prejuízos econômicos causados. A Escherichia coli contribui não só para a doença em si, levando à perda de peso das aves, bem como para o aumento da taxa condenação de carcaças durante o abate e processamento. A detecção de fatores de virulência de cepas de E. coli do patotipo APEC colabora para a caracterização de sua patogenicidade e as técnicas de PCR têm sido muito úteis na pesquisa de genes que os codificam. Este estudo objetivou diagnosticar E. coli pela detecção o gene Fel A por PCR e relacionar a positividade para este agente com o baixo peso em frangos de corte provenientes de lotes condenados por aerossaculite. Foram estudados 40 lotes de frangos de corte abatidos em um matadouro avícola sob Inspeção Sanitária Federal, localizado no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram colhidos aleatoriamente 3 frangos e obtidos "pools" de três traqueias em cada um deles para PCR. O DNA foi extraído pelo método de fenol-clorofórmio e amplificado com pares de "primers" específicos para gene Fel A de E. coli. Dos 40 lotes analisados pela PCR, 35% (14/40) foram positivos para o gene Fel A. A PCR foi eficaz para a detecção do gene Fel A em lotes de frangos de corte e houve relação entre a presença do gene Fel A, a queda de peso e aumento na taxa de aerossaculite...
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Animals , Chickens , Escherichia coli , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Poultry ProductsABSTRACT
Objetivo: existen muchos estudios que reportan los beneficios de la rehabilitación pulmonar, pero son pocos los que presentan el comportamiento y las actividades de estos servicios. Este artículo presenta las características de los servicios, los componentes de manejo y el nivel de entrenamiento de los integrantes del equipo de trabajo, además de las variables o instrumentos utilizados para medir la efectividad e impacto en estos programas. Metodología: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal cuya muestra por conveniencia incluyó siete servicios de rehabilitación pulmonar en cuatro ciudades de Colombia (Bogota, Medellín, Manizales y Cali), seleccionados por la cobertura, por contar con mínimo un año de experiencia, por estar formalmente establecido y por ser reconocido a nivel nacional. El equipo interdisciplinario de cada servicio contestó una encuesta validada a través de una prueba piloto y consenso de expertos. La participación fue voluntaria. Resultados: el inicio laboral de los servicios de rehabilitación pulmonar corresponde en promedio a una década, siendo la EPOC y el asma las patologías de mayor atención. Los programas se caracterizan por su carácter ambulatorio con una duración promedio entre ocho y doce semanas, frecuencia de una hora y tres veces por semana, El director del servicio es regularmente un neumólogo y el coordinador un fisioterapeuta (57,14%); sobresale la formación posgradual de estos profesionales, quienes refieren tener habilidades procedimentales, administrativas y comunicativas, pero califican de regular las habilidades investigativas. El recurso físico y tecnológico es bien evaluado. El 71,42% ha realizado estudios de impacto, pero solo el 28,57% los ha publicado. Todos tienen en común el entrenamiento en miembros superiores, miembros inferiores, musculatura respiratoria, apoyo psicológico, evaluación funcional y calidad de vida. Conclusiones: La efectividad e impacto de los programas es medida con el test de caminata, cuestionarios de calidad de vida y actividades de la vida diaria.
Purpose: there are many studies reporting the benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation, but few of them exhibit the behavior and activities of these services. This article presents the characteristics of services, parts management and training level of team members, in addition to the variables or instruments used to measure the effectiveness and impact in these programs. Method: it was made a cross sectional convenience sample which included seven pulmonary rehabilitation services in four Colombian cities (Bogotá, Medellín, Manizales and Cali), selected by the coverage, for having at least one year of experience and for being formally established and recognized nationwide. The interdisciplinary team of each service answered a survey that was validated through a pilot test and expert consensus. Participation was voluntary. Results: labor onset pulmonary rehabilitation services correspond to an average of a decade, with COPD and asthma pathologies of attention. The programs are characterized by an outpatient treatment with an average duration of eight to twelve weeks, with a frequency of an hour three times a week. Also, the director of the service is regularly a pulmonologist and the coordinator a physiotherapist (57.14%). The posgradual training of these professionals is notable, and they report to have procedural, administrative and communicative skills, but qualify regular there research skills. The physical and technological resources are well tested. 71.42% have done impact studies, but only 28.57% have been published. All have in common training in upper limbs, lower limbs, respiratory muscles, counseling, functional assessment and quality of life. The effectiveness and impact of programs is measured by the walking test, quality of life questionnaires and activities of daily living.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Quality of Life , Effectiveness , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Colombia , Rehabilitation ServicesABSTRACT
As doenças pulmonares crônicas comprometem as vias aéreas e outras estruturas do pulmão e não podem ser curadas. Afetam milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo, tendo causado mais de quatro milhões de mortes em 2005. Mais de 80% das doenças respiratórias crônicas ocorrem em países de baixa renda. Algumas das mais comuns são a asma (300 milhões), doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (80 milhões com formas moderadas a severas), apnéia obstrutiva do sono, doenças pulmonares ocupacionais e hipertensão pulmonar. Os fatores de risco mais importantes para doenças pulmonares crônicas são tabagismo, poluição aérea domiciliar (fumaças de biomassa), poluição ambiental e agentes ocupacionais. Essas doenças são sub-reconhecidas, subdiagnosticadas, subtratadas e insuficientemente prevenidas. Mais ainda, causam prejuízos socioeconômicos tanto para indivíduos como para a sociedade e, provavelmente, se ações urgentes não forem implantadas, aumentarão em 30% seu impacto.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study was designed to construct a structural model for health promoting behavior in patients with chronic respiratory disease. A hypothetical model was developed based on the literature review. METHOD: Data was collected by questionnaires from 235 patients with chronic respiratory disease in a General Hospital in Seoul. Data analysis was done using SAS 6.12 for descriptive statistics and the PC-LISREL 8.13 Program for Covariance Structural Analysis. RESULT: The results are as follows : 1. The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate. It was modified by excluding 2 path and including free parameters and 3 path to it. The modified model with path showed a good fitness to the empirical data(X2=80.20, P=0.05, GFI=0.95, AGFI=0.88, NNFI=0.95, NFI=0.96, RMSR=0.01, RMSEA =0.06). 2. The perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and a plan of action were found to have significant direct effects on the health promoting behavior in patients with chronic respiratory disease. 3. The health perception, self-esteem, and activity related to affect were found to have indirect effects on the health promoting behavior in patients with chronic respiratory disease. CONCLUSION: The modified model of this study is considered appropriate in explaining and predicting health promoting behavior in patients with chronic respiratory disease. Therefore, it can effectively be used as a reference model for further studies and suggested direction in nursing practice.
Subject(s)
Humans , Hospitals, General , Models, Structural , Nursing , Surveys and Questionnaires , Seoul , Statistics as TopicABSTRACT
Facts about chronic respiratory ailments are discussed. The vicious triangle, of obstruction, allergy, and infection is considered to be responsible for the disease. The etiology, diagnosis, and evaluation of septal deformities are reported. Reconstructive rhinologic surgery is noted to be the treatment of choice for physiological and anatomical obstructions. Pathologic obstructions and problems of allergy should be treated as separate though integrated problems in cases of chronic respiratory disease