ABSTRACT
Resumen Los organismos marinos poseen maravillosos colores que los hacen muy atractivos. Las características únicas de los compuestos sintetizados por especies de origen marino van más allá de su apariencia. Los pigmentos responsables de esos colores son capaces también de generar diversas actividades biológicas, como la capacidad antioxidante, la cual puede ocurrir a través de diversos mecanismos. Esto ha propiciado un aumento de su investigación, debido a su amplia aplicación en la biotecnología, farmacéutica, cosmética y alimentación de organismos vivos, expandiendo los estudios tanto in vitro como en ensayos in vivo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue compilar y describir diversos estudios recientes, enfocados en demostrar y elucidar los mecanismos de acción de los diferentes compuestos bioquímicos con actividad antioxidante, provenientes de algunos organismos marinos. Para ello, se utilizaron las bases de datos Scopus®, Web of Science™ y Microsoft Academic. Los pigmentos provenientes de organismos marinos representan una alternativa promisoria frente a los antioxidantes y aditivos sintéticos utilizados en la actualidad. El establecimiento y comprensión de los mecanismos de acción de los componentes pigmentados bioactivos, aislados de los organismos marinos, permitirá determinar con mayor precisión su posible aplicación en la industria.
Abstract Marine organisms have wonderful colors that make them very attractive. The unique characteristics of the compounds synthesized by species of marine origin go beyond their appearance. The pigments responsible for these colors are also capable of exerting biological activities, including the antioxidant capacity, which can be performed by different mechanisms. This has led to an increase in research attention due to their potential application in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industries, and has expanded from in vitro studies to in vivo tests. The objective of this review is to compile and describe the studies aimed at establishing and elucidating the mechanisms of action of different biochemical compounds with antioxidant activities from marine species. In order to achieve that objective, the Scopus®, Web of Science™ and Microsoft Academic databases were used. Marine pigments represent a promising alternative to the antioxidants and synthetic additives used today. By establishing and understanding the mechanisms of action of the bioactive pigmented compounds isolated from marine organisms, it is possible to determine with greater precision their possible application in the industry.
ABSTRACT
As an important branch of traditional medicines,medicinal marine organisms have many advantages,including biological diversity,remarkable biological activity,especial for the treatment of anti-cancer,anti-virus,anti-coagulation,analgesia,anti-bacterial,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In recent years,with the continuous exploration of marine organisms by human beings,many marine organisms with specific biological activities and medicinal prospects have been found,which have attracted great attention around the world and thus called " new hope" to solve human health problems. However,due to the rapid development of modern industry,heavy metal pollution not only poses a great threat to medicinal marine living resources,but also hinders the development of marine biomedical industry and threatens human health. In view of this,this paper introduced the development trend of medicinal marine organisms and the current situation of heavy metal pollution and focusing on the analysis technology and chemical removal technology of heavy metals in medicinal marine organisms,which is to provide reference for the heavy metals control in marine medicines and the development and utilization of marine medicines.
Subject(s)
Aquatic Organisms , China , Environmental Monitoring , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Metals, Heavy/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysisABSTRACT
BackgroundVenoms comprise mixtures of numerous bioactive compounds that have a wide range of pharmacologic actions. Toxins from venomous animals have attracted the attention of researchers because of their affinity for primary sites responsible for lethality and their efficacy at extremely low concentrations. The venoms of marine stingrays have not been extensively studied and limited data is available on them. The present study aims to evaluate the antiproliferative and biochemical properties of the venom obtained from a species of marine stingray (Dasyatis sephen) on human cervical cancer cell line HeLa.MethodsThe antiproliferative effect of D. sephen venom was determined by MTT assay, and the oxidative stress was determined by lipid peroxidation method along with assessment of changes in the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status. We observed intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by DCFH-DA method, mitochondrial membrane potential alterations by rhodamine 123 staining and apoptotic morphological changes by acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining method.ResultsD. sephen venom enhances lipid peroxidative markers such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, conjugated diene, and lipid hydroperoxide in HeLa cell lines. Stingray venom enhances the ROS levels, which is evidenced by the increased 2-7-diacetyl dichlorofluorescein fluorescence. Further, D. sephen venom treatment altered the mitochondrial membrane potential in HeLa cells. Additionally, we observed increased apoptotic morphological changes in D. sephen venom-treated groups. ConclusionsDasyatis sephen venom exhibits potent antiproliferative effect on HeLa cell line and upon further purification it could be a promising antiproliferative agent.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Skates, Fish , Carcinoma , Oxidative Stress , Cell LineABSTRACT
Background Venoms comprise mixtures of numerous bioactive compounds that have a wide range of pharmacologic actions. Toxins from venomous animals have attracted the attention of researchers because of their affinity for primary sites responsible for lethality and their efficacy at extremely low concentrations. The venoms of marine stingrays have not been extensively studied and limited data is available on them. The present study aims to evaluate the antiproliferative and biochemical properties of the venom obtained from a species of marine stingray (Dasyatis sephen) on human cervical cancer cell line HeLa.MethodsThe antiproliferative effect of D. sephen venom was determined by MTT assay, and the oxidative stress was determined by lipid peroxidation method along with assessment of changes in the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status. We observed intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by DCFH-DA method, mitochondrial membrane potential alterations by rhodamine 123 staining and apoptotic morphological changes by acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining method.ResultsD. sephen venom enhances lipid peroxidative markers such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, conjugated diene, and lipid hydroperoxide in HeLa cell lines. Stingray venom enhances the ROS levels, which is evidenced by the increased 27-diacetyl dichlorofluorescein fluorescence. Further, D. sephen venom treatment altered the mitochondrial membrane potential in HeLa cells. Additionally, we observed increased apoptotic morphological changes in D. sephen venom-treated groups. ConclusionsDasyatis sephen venom exhibits potent antiproliferative effect on HeLa cell line and upon further purification it could be a promising antiproliferative agent.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Animals, Poisonous , Venoms/therapeutic use , Skates, Fish , HeLa Cells/drug effectsABSTRACT
A method was developed for the determination of tetrodotoxin in marine organisms by high perfor-mance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with immunoaffinity column. The samples were extracted with 1% acetic acid methanol solution and diluted with phosphate buffer at pH 7-8. After cleaned up by immuno-affinity column, the samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS and quantitatively determined by external standard method. The chromatographic separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH Amide column with gradient elution by using acetonitrile and 5 mol/L ammonium acetate solution containing 0. 1% formic acid as mobile phase. Detection was carried out by electrospray positive ionization mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Linear ranges of TTX was in the range of 0. 3 -20. 0 μg/L with correlation coeffi-cient more than 0. 997. The quantification limit of the method was 0. 3 μg/kg. The recoveries of standard addition for tetrodotoxin were 88. 7%-102. 3%, and the relative standard deviation was 2. 0%-6. 4%. The method could be used to identify and quantify tetrodotoxin in marine organisms with satisfactory reproducibility and sensitivity.
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This study was performed to investigate the sedative-hypnotic activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-enriched fermented marine organisms (FMO), including sea tangle (FST) and oyster (FO) by Lactobacillus brevis BJ20 (L. brevis BJ20). FST and FO were tested for their binding activity of the GABA(A)-benzodiazepine and 5-HT(2C) receptors, which are well-known molecular targets for sleep aids. We also measured the sleep latency and sleep duration during pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice after oral administration of FST and FO. In GABA(A) and 5-HT(2C) receptor binding assays, FST displayed an effective concentration-dependent binding affinity to GABA(A) receptor, similar to the binding affinity to 5-HT(2C) receptor. FO exhibited higher affinity to 5-HT(2C) receptor, compared with the GABA(A) receptor. The oral administration of FST and FO produced a dose-dependent decrease in sleep latency and increase in sleep duration in pentobarbital-induced hypnosis. The data demonstrate that FST and FO possess sedative-hypnotic activity possibly by modulating GABA(A) and 5-HT(2C) receptors. We propose that FST and FO might be effective agents for treatment of insomnia.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Administration, Oral , Aquatic Organisms , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid , Hypnosis , Levilactobacillus brevis , Ostreidae , Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C , Receptors, GABA-A , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance DisordersABSTRACT
Marine sulfated polysaccharides (MSP), such as sulfated fucans (SF), sulfated galactans (SG) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) isolated from either algae or invertebrate animals, are highly anionic polysaccharides capable of interacting with certain cationic proteins, such as (co)-factors of the coagulation cascade during clotting-inhibition processes. These molecular complexes between MSP and coagulation-related proteins might, at first glance, be assumed to be driven mostly by electrostatic interactions. However, a systematic comparison using several novel sulfated polysaccharides composed of repetitive oligosaccharides with clear sulfation patterns has shown that these molecular interactions are regulated essentially by the stereochemistry of the glycans (which depends on a conjunction of anomericity, monosaccharide, conformational preference, and glycosylation and sulfation sites), rather than just a simple consequence of their negative charge density (mainly the number of sulfate groups). Here, we present an overview of the structure-function relationships of MSP, correlating their structures with their potential anticoagulant and antithrombotic actions, since pathologies related to the cardiovascular system are one of the major causes of illness and mortality in the world.
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History of coastal-marine research in Bahía Culebra, North Pacific, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Bahía Culebra (Culebra Bay) is located on the north Pacific coast of Costa Rica in a seasonal upwelling area. In this paper I present the history of marine research at Bahía Culebra, to summarize what is known and to point out research that should be carried out. Marine organisms of the Bay have been stud ied since the 1920’s and very intensely during the 1930’s, with the Alan Hancock Pacific Expeditions and the New York Society Zoological Expeditions. Most marine research has been done since 1980 by the Marine Science and Limnology Reseach Center (Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, CIMAR) at the University of Costa Rica. The best studied systems are the coral communities and reefs, followed by zooplankton research. In a compilation of published records of marine organisms 577 are reported and in this Special Issue 20 more are added, for a total of 597 marine species. Even so, more research is needed in several ecosystems and groups. It is necessary and important to develop managment plans to protect and conserve the marine ecosystems and biodiversity of Bahía Culebra.
Bahía Culebra está ubicada en la costa Pacífica norte de Costa Rica en una región de afloramiento estacional. En este trabajo presento la historia de la investigación marina en Bahía Culebra, para sintetizar lo que se ha hecho y resaltar lo que falta por investigar. Los organismos marinos de Bahía Culebra se empezaron a estudiar en la década de 1920 y muy intensamente en la década de 1930 con las expediciones de la Fundación Allan Hancock y de la Sociedad Zoológica de Nueva York. La mayor parte de la investigación marina se ha realizado desde la década de 1980 por investigadores y estudiantes del Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR) de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Los ecosistemas mejor estudiados son las comunidades y arrecifes coralinos, seguido por las investigaciones sobre zooplancton. Se han publicado registros de 577 especies marinas en Bahía Culebra y se le suman 20 especies más con las publicadas en este Suplemento. Aún así, todavía falta estudiar varios ecosistemas y grupos de organismos. Es imperativo realizar esfuerzo para proteger y conservar los ecosistemas y biodiversidad marina de Bahía Culebra.
Subject(s)
Research/history , Biology , Coasts , Biodiversity , Wetlands , Costa RicaABSTRACT
The exploration of marine environment represents a promising strategy in the search for new active antiviral compounds. The isolation and characterization of the nucleosides spongothymidine and spongouridine from the sponge Cryptotethia crypta used as models for the synthesis of ara-A (vidarabine), that has been used therapeutically against herpetic encephalitis, was the most important contribution since the late 1970s. This paper describes the in vitro antiviral evaluation of 26 organic extracts obtained from eleven octocoral species and fifteen marine sponges. Cytotoxicity was evaluated on Vero cells by MTT assay and the antiviral activity was tested against Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1, KOS strain) by plaque number reduction assay. Results were expressed as 50 percent cytotoxic (CC50) and 50 percent inhibitory (IC50) concentrations, respectively, in order to calculate the selectivity index (SI= CC50/IC50) of each extract. Among the tested marine octocoral species, only three extracts showed antiviral activity, but with low selectivity indices (<3.0). Among the tested marine sponges, eight extracts showed SI values higher than 2.0, and three can be considered promising (Aka cachacrouense, Niphates erecta and Dragmacidon reticulatum) with SI values of 5.0, 8.0 and 11.7, respectively, meriting complementary studies in order to identify the bioactive components of these sponge extracts, which are in course now.
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Objective To introduce the achievement in the research work of marine bio-adhesive used in medical fields in future.Methods The merits of marine bio-adhesive was elucidated and the requisition and remained defects of medical and dental adhesives were analyzed.The applicable prospects of mussel bio-adhesive were highlighted particularly on the components and functions.Results At present,gene reconstruction technique is the most useful and economic way to produce bio-adhesive protein from marine biomaterial.By that method,the problems of storage difficulty and resource limitation can be solved.Conclusion The marine bio-adhesive produced by gene reconstruction will be used in medical and dental treatment in the future.
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DNA extraction is a basic technology of molecular biology. The purity and the integrality of DNA structure are necessary for different experiments of gene engineering. In recent years there have been some new or improved DNA extraction methods appeared. The methods of DNA extraction from animals, plants, microorganisms and marine organisms were summarized in this article.