Research progress on the mechanism of radiation damage and prevention of neutron radiation / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

With the strengthening of nuclear weapon development and the expanding of neutron application in economic area,the injury accidents of neutron radiation are happening from time to time.Neutron exposure,with high linear energy transfer,has high casualty rate,severe symptom and poor prognosis.In comparison with low-LET radiation damage,neutron irradiation induced injuries are more difficult to rescue.This review focused on the recent research progresses of radiation effects,intrinsic mechanisms and clinical prevention measures of neutron radiation,and to provide a theoretical clue for establishing an effective prevention protocol of neutron radiation damage.

Innermost stable circular orbits and epicyclic frequencies around a magnetized neutron star / Órbitas circulares marginalmente estables y frecuencias epicíclicas alrededor de una estrella de neutrones magnetizada / Órbitas circulares marginalmente estáveis e frequencias epicicloidais nas proximidades de uma estrela de neutrons magnetizada

El formalismo de la relatividad general es usado para calcular el radio de la órbita marginalmente estable (ROME), las frecuencias kepleriana, de Lense-Thirring, de precesion y oscilación de los movimientos radiales y verticales, de una partícula de prueba neutra que orbita el plano ecuatorial de una estrella de neutrones magnetizada. El espacio tiempo alrededor de la estrella se modela por medio de la solución seis paramétrica derivada por Pachón et al. (2012). Se concluye que la presencia del campo magnético de la fuente tiene efectos apreciables en las cantidades físicas mencionadas arriba y, por tanto, su inclusión es necesaria si se desea describir con más exactitud los procesos físicos que ocurren en la vecindad de este tipo de estrellas tales como la dinámica de discos de acreción. Los resultados presentados aquí también sugieren que la presencia de campos magnéticos intensos pueden introducir correcciones apreciables en, por ejemplo, las predicciones de la masa de estrellas de neutrones hechas con base en el modelo de precesión relativista.

A full-relativistic approach is used to compute the radius of the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO), the Keplerian, frame-dragging, precession and oscillation frequencies of the radial and vertical motions of neutral test particles orbiting the equatorial plane of a magnetized neutron star. The space-time around the star is modelled by the six parametric solution derived by Pachón et al. (2012) It is shown that the inclusion of an intense magnetic field, such as the one of a neutron star, have non-negligible effects on the above physical quantities, and therefore, its inclusion is necessary in order to obtain a more accurate and realistic description of physical processes, such as the dynamics of accretion disks, occurring in the neighbourhood of this kind of objects. The results discussed here also suggest that the consideration of strong magnetic fields may introduce non-negligible corrections in, e.g., the relativistic precession model and therefore on the predictions made on the mass of neutron stars.

O formalismo da relatividade geral é usado para calcular o raio da órbita marginalmente estável (ROME), as frequencias keplerianas de Lense Thirring, precessao e oscilaçao de movimentos radiais e verticais, de uma partícula de prova neutra em órbita equatorial de uma estrela de neutrón magnetizada. O espaço-tempo ao redor da estrela é modelado por meio da soluçao seis paramétrica derivada por Pachón et al. (2012). Conclui-se que a presença do campo magnético da fonte tem efeitos apreciáveis nas quantidades físicas mencionadas acima e, portanto, a sua inclusão é necessária se se deseja descrever com mais exatidão os processos físicos que ocorrem na vizinhança deste tipo de estrelas tais como a dinâmica dos discos de acreção. Os resultados apresentados também sugerem que a precessão de campos magnéticos intensos podem introduzir correcções apreciáveis em, por exemplo, as predições da massa da estrela de neutróns feitas com base nos modelos de precessão relativista.

Análise da dosagem sérica de elementos traço e sua correlação com aspectos clínicos de uma população de idosos saudáveis / Analysis of serum trace elements and their correlation with clinical aspects of a population of healthy elderly

O interesse sobre o papel dos elementos traço na gênese de doenças, na mortalidade e na manutenção da saúde vem sendo cada vez maior. Este trabalho tem como objetivo determinar as concentrações séricas dos elementos: Br, Ca, Cl, Fe, Na, Rb, Se e Zn e correlacioná-las com os aspectos clínicos de uma população de idosos saudáveis. Foram considerados saudáveis os idosos sem senilidade sistêmica e sintomática, sendo selecionamos 101 idosos saudáveis, 33 (32,67%) homens e 68 (67,33%) mulheres com idade média de 71,7 ± 7,1 (60-98). O nível sérico de Se foi significativamente menor em pacientes mais idosos (p < 0.001). Em comparação com os valores de referência, o Br, Cl e Na apresentaram médias menores. Em relação ao sexo, os homens tiveram menores níveis de Br (p < 0,001) e de Se (p = 0,005) com maiores níveis de Fe (p < 0,001). Menores níveis de Se foram relacionados com menor escolaridade (p= 0.013). Os valores de Br estiveram muito abaixo dos valores de referência e a prática da atividade física correlacionou-se com menores níveis de Br (p= 0,008). Poderíamos questionar se os altos níveis de Br seriam prejudiciais ao envelhecimento saudável, se níveis baixos de bromo seriam marcadores de saúde em idosos ou até se existe relação entre hábitos de vida saudáveis com os níveis de Br. A partir dos 71,2 anos, os níveis séricos de selênio começam a cair mesmo em indivíduos saudáveis. Estudos adicionais deverão determinar se o monitoramento dos níveis séricos de selênio pode ser utilizado como marcador precoce do desenvolvimento de doenças e mortalidade.

Concern about the role of trace elements in the genesis of disease, mortality and health maintenance has been increasing. This study aims to determine serum concentrations of the elements: Br, Ca, Cl, Fe, Na, Rb, Se and Zn and correlate them with clinical features of a population of healthy elderly. Were considered healthy elderly people without senile systemic symptoms. We selected 101 healthy elderly, 33 (32.67%) men and 68 (67.33%) women with a mean age of 71.7 ± 7.1 (60-98). The serum level of Se was significantly lower in older patients (p <0.001). Compared with the reference values Br, Cl and Na diminished. Longer averages about sex men had lower levels of Br (p <0.001) and Se (p = 0.005) with higher levels of Fe (p <0.001). If lower levels were associated with less education (p = 0.013). Br values were well below the reference values and physical activity correlated with lower levels of Br (p = 0.008). One might question whether high levels of Br would be detrimental for healthy aging, if low levels of bromine were markers of health in the elderly or even if there is a relationship between healthy lifestyle habits with the levels of Br. From 71.2 years, serum levels of selenium begin to fall even in healthy individuals. Additional studies will determine if monitoring of serum levels of selenium can be used as a marker of early development of disease and mortality.

Determination of trace elements in the diet of non-dialyzed renal patients / Determinação de elementos traço na dieta de pacientes renais não dialisados

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often have abnormal levels ofplasma minerals. Among some factors that may account for an abnormalmineral metabolism in this group is the low or high dietary intake. However,the mechanism of trace-element disturbances has not been thoroughlyestablished. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concentrations ofeleven trace elements (As, Br, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Rb, Se, Th, U and Zn) in the dietof non-dialyzed CKD patients. While Fe, Co, Cr, Br, Rb, Se and Zn are elementsplaying a role in nutrition, As, Cs, Th and U are toxicologically importanttrace elements. These elements were determined using Instrumental NeutronActivation Analysis (INAA) on samples of total diets consumed by typicalnon-dialyzed CKD patients in Brazil. Each subject?s food consumption wascalculated by using an individual 24h-consumption record and the dietswere prepared according to a modified duplicate portion method based onthe analysis of 39 diet samples. In this group, Br, Co, Fe, Se and Zn intakeswere lower and there was a positive correlation with protein intake. Theintakes of toxic elements were within recommended levels. The patient?s dietspresented low concentrations of important trace elements, which can causesome alterations in the metabolism. The supplementation with a determinedtrace element may be indicated when its depletion is documented in bodycompartments, and when there is evidence of the positive effects of this elementon the life quality of CKD patients.

Pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC)pueden presentar niveles anormales deminerales. Uno de los factores que puedecontribuir para este metabolismo anómalo es ladieta. Entretanto, los mecanismos de esasanormalidades no están completamentecomprendidos. El objetivo de este estudio fueevaluar las concentraciones de once elementostrazos (As, Br, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Rb, Se, Th, U y Zn)en la dieta de pacientes con ERC no dializados.Los minerales como Fe, Co, Cr, Br, Rb, Se y Zndesempeñan funciones nutricionalesimportantes, al contrario de As, Cs, Th y U queson tóxicos. Esos elementos fueron determinadosen 39 muestras de dietas obtenidas del consumoalimentar de 24 horas relatado por los pacientescon ERC y el m??todo analítico utilizado fueAnálisis Instrumental por Activación deNeutrones (INAA). Las concentraciones de Br, Co,Fe, Se y Zn eran bajos y hubo correlación positivacon el consumo de proteínas. La ingestión deelementos tóxicos estaba dentro de lo permitido.La dieta de los pacientes presentó bajasconcentraciones de elementos trazos importanteslo cual podría causar alteraciones metabólicasimportantes que exigirían suplemento en casoque los niveles sanguíneos alterados fuesenconfirmados. Los elementos tóxicos no estabanen concentraciones elevadas

Pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC)podem apresentar níveis anormais de minerais.Um dos fatores que pode contribuir para essemetabolismo anormal é a dieta. Entretanto, osmecanismos para essas anormalidades não sãocompletamente entendidos. O objetivo desseestudo foi avaliar as concentrações de onzeelementos traço (As, Br, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Rb, Se,Th, U e Zn) na dieta de pacientes com DRC nãodialisados. Os minerais como Fe, Co, Cr, Br, Rb,Se e Zn são elementos com importantes papéisna nutrição. Em contrapartida As, Cs, Th e Usão tóxicos. Esses elementos foram determinadosem 39 amostras de dietas obtidas do consumoalimentar de 24h relatado pelos pacientes renaiscrônicos, e o método utilizado para verificaçãodos minerais foi pela Análise Instrumental deAtivação de Nêutrons (INAA). Os níveis de Br,Co, Fe, Se e Zn foram baixos e houve correlaçãopositiva com o consumo protéico. A ingestão deelementos tóxicos estava dentro dasrecomendações. A dieta dos pacientes apresentoubaixas concentrações de importantes elementostraço, o que poderia causar algumas alteraçõesno metabolismo desses nos pacientes renais,sendo a suplementação necessária se os níveissangüíneos alterados fossem confirmados. Oselementos tóxicos não estavam em elevadasconcentrações.

Study of superheavy elements / Estudio de elementos superpesados

ABSTRACT The nuclear shell model predicts that the next doubly magic shell-closure beyond 208Pb is at a proton number Z = 114, 120, or 126 and at a neutron number N = 172 or 184. The outstanding aim of experimental investigations is the exploration of this region of spherical ‘SuperHeavy Elements’ (SHEs). Experimental methods are described, which allowed for the identification of elements produced on a cross-section level of about 1 pb. The decay data reveal that for the heaviest elements, the dominant decay mode is alpha emission, not fission. Decay properties as well as reaction cross-sections are compared with results of theoretical investigations.

El modelo nuclear de capas predice que el próximo nivel doblemente mágico más allá de 208Pb ocurre para un número atómico Z = 114, 120 o 126 y para un número de neutrones N = 172 o 184. El objetivo más importante de estos experimentos es la exploración de la región de elementos superpesados esféricos. En el trabajo se describen los métodos experimentales que permitieron identificar los elementos producidos para un valor de la sección eficaz de aproximadamente 1 pb. Los datos de decaimiento revelan que para los elementos más pesados el modo dominante es la emisión alfa y no la fisión. Las propiedades de decaimiento así como las secciones eficaces se comparan con resultados de estudios teóricos.

Boron neutron capture therapy in cancer: past, present and future

Undifferentiated thyroid cancer (UTC) is a very aggressive tumor with no effective treatment, since it lacks iodine uptake and does not respond to radio or chemotherapy. The prognosis of these patients is bad, due to the rapid growth of the tumor and the early development of metastasis. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is based on the selective uptake of certain boron non-radioactive compounds by a tumor, and the subsequent irradiation of the area with an appropriate neutron beam. 10B is then activated to 11B, which will immediately decay releasing alpha particles and 7Li, of high linear energy transfer (LET) and limited reach. Clinical trials are being performed in patients with glioblastoma multiforme and melanoma. We have explored its possible application to UTC. Our results demonstrated that a cell line of human UTC has a selective uptake of borophenylalanine (BPA) both in vitro and after transplantation to nude mice. Treatment of mice by BNCT led to a complete control of growth and cure of 100 percent of the animals. Moreover dogs with spontaneous UTC also have a selective uptake of BPA. At the present we are studying the biodistribution of BPA in patients with UTC before its application in humans.

O câncer indiferenciado de tiróide (CIT) é um tumor muito agressivo sem tratamento efetivo, uma vez que não capta iodo e não responde à radio ou quimioterapia. O prognóstico desses pacientes é ruim, devido ao rápido crescimento do tumor e surgimento precoce de metástases. A terapia por captura de nêutrons de boro (TCNB) é baseada na captação seletiva de certos compostos de boro não-radioativos pelo tumor, e à subsequente irradiação da área com um feixe de nêutrons apropriado. O 10B é então ativado para 11B, cujo decaimento imediato libera partículas alfa e 7Li, de alta transferência linear de energia (TLE) e alcance limitado. Ensaios clínicos estão sendo conduzidos em pacientes com glioblastoma multiforme e melanoma, e nós estamos explorando sua possível aplicação no CIT. Nossos resultados demonstram que uma linhagem celular do CIT humano mostra captação seletiva de borofenilalanina (BPA) tanto in vitro como após transplante em camundongos "nude". O tratamento de camundongos com TCNB leva a um controle completo do crescimento tumoral e à cura em 100 por cento dos animais. Além disso, cães com CIT espontâneo também apresentam captação seletiva de BPA. No momento, estamos estudando a biodistribuição de BPA em pacientes com CIT, antes de sua aplicação em humanos.

Expression and significance of TNF-α in intestine tissue of mice irradiated by neutron and γ rays / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To study the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the intestine of mice irradiated by neutron and γ rays.Methods 350 male BALB/c mice were irradiated with neutron and γ rays of different doses, and sacrificed at 6 and 12hours, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 days after irradiation.The TNF-α in the mice intestinal tissue was detected by means of immunohistochemistry and image analysis.Results In normal control mice, TNF-α was expressed in the cytoplasm of macrophages in intestinal villus interstitium, submucosa and lymph tissue.After 2.5Gy neutron radiation, TNF-α was decreased progressively within 2 days, increased obviously in macrophages and crypt cells during 3rd～7th day, reached the peak at 5th day and recovered to normal level at 14th day and TNF-α was decreased progressively within 4 days after 4.0 and 5.5Gy neutron and 12Gy ray irradiation.TNF-α was increased obviously in 6～12 hours, decreased at 1st day, increased at 2nd～5th day, peaked at 3rd day and recovered at 10th day after 5.5Gy ray irradiation.Conclusion Neutron and ray radiation induce different expression profile of endogenous TNF-α in small intestine, which may be related with the pathologic courses of irradiation-induced damage and repair of intestine.

Quantificação de macro e micro nutrientes em algumas etnovariedades de cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) / Macro and micro nutrients quantification of some cubiu ethnovarieties (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal)

Considerando a ampla variabilidade genética de cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal), quantificaram-se os macro e micro-nutrientes, objetivando a ampliação da tabela de composição química de alimentos típicos da região amazônica. Os frutos provenientes da Estação Experimental de Hortaliças Alejo von der Pahlen (EEH) do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), localizados no km 14 da Rodovia AM 010 em Manaus, AM, foram processados no Laboratório de Alimentos e Nutrição do INPA. Avaliaram-se oito etnovariedades de cubiu identificados como: 2 I, 3 I, 6, 7, 12, 14, 17, 29 I e III em estádio de maturação comercial. Os teores de elementos minerais foram quantificados pela técnica de Ativação por Nêutrons Instrumental e a fibra alimentar pelo método enzímico-gravimétrico. Os resultados demonstram ser o cubiu um fruto com baixo conteúdo energético (média de 33 kcal), com conteúdo de fibra alimentar total na ordem de 1,6 por cento. Em relação aos macros elementos minerais, a etnovariedade 6, apresentou a maior concentração em potássio (513,5±3,1mg), cálcio (18,9±0,6mg) e a etnovariedade 2 I em Fe (564,4±58,1µg) e Cr (99,3±8,3µg). A menor concentração foi constatada na etnovariedade 12 para os elementos K (229,0±4,5mg), Na (53,7±5,5µg) e Zn (89,3±4,7µg). Apesar das variações em relação as diferentes etno variedades e conseqüentemente concentrações em elementos minerais, o cubiu, pode estar contribuindo para atingir as recomendações desses nutrientes.

Considering the wide genetic variability of cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal), its chemical composition was quantified in order to contribute to the chemical composition table of typical Amazonian foods. The cubiu fruit was collected at Alejo von der Pahlen (EEH) experimental station from National Research Institute of Amazonia (INPA). Eight ethno varieties of cubiu identified as 2 I, 3 I, 6, 7, 12, 14, 17, 29 I and III were analyzed. All samples used were ripe. The mineral content was determined by Neutron Activation Analysis technique and alimentary fiber by the enzymatic-gravimetric method. The results showed that cubiu is a hypo caloric food source (mean of 33 kcal and total fiber of about 1.6 percent). Regarding macronutrients, ethnovariety 6 showed high potassium (513.5 ± 3.1 mg) and calcium (18.8 ± 0.6 mg) concentration. Ethnovariety 21, had high Fe (564 ± 58 µg) and Cr (99 ± 8 µg) concentrations. Low concentrations of K (229.0 ± 4.5 mg), Na (53.7 ± 5.5 µg) and Zn (89.3 ± 4.7 µg) were found for ethnovariety 12. Although the cubiu fruit presents great variation of its mineral contents due to different ethnovarieties, it could still contribute as a diet supplement to reach the minimum nutrient requirements for the Amazonian population.

Relative biological effectiveness of fast neutrons for apoptosis in mouse hair follicles

This study compared the effects of high linear energy transfer (LET) fast neutrons on the induction of apoptosis in the hair follicles of ICR mice with those of low LET (60)Co gamma-rays. The changes that occurred from 0 to 24 h after exposing the mice to either 2 Gy of gamma-rays (2 Gy/min) or 0.8 Gy of neutrons (94 mGy/min, 35 MeV) were examined. The maximum frequency was found at 12 h (gamma-rays) or 8 h (neutrons) after irradiation. The mice that received 0-8 Gy of gamma-rays or 0-1.6 Gy of neutrons were examined 8 h after irradiation. The dose-response curves were analyzed using the best-fit curve model. The dose-response curves were linear-quadratic, and a significant relationship was found between the frequency of apoptotic cells and the dose. The morphological findings in the irradiated groups were typical apoptotic fragments in the matrix region of the hair follicle, but the spontaneous existence of apoptotic fragments was rarely observed in the control group. In the presence of an apoptosis frequency between 2 and 14 per follicle, the relative biological effectiveness values of neutrons in small and large follicles were 2.09 +/- 0.30 and 2.15 +/- 0.18, respectively.

Clinical advances in gynecological tumors with californium-252 brachytherapy / 肿瘤研究与临床

Radiotherapy is an important treatment on gynecological tumors,especially for brachyther- apy.~(137)Cs,~(192)Ir were usually used in the past,but the local control and survival rates were not increased obvi- ously.The machines,that was made in China,of ~(252)Cf neutrons brachytherapy were used already by many hos- pitals in our country and played a preponderant role more and more.It can increase the local control and sur- vival rates effectively on gynecological tumors.

Nerve Stem Cells Orientation Differentiation in Neonatal Rat Hippocampus Induced by Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Vitro / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the influence of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on the differentiation of nerve stem cells (NSCs) from neonatal rat hippocampus in vitro and to find new revulsant of NSCs,which can improve the percentage of NSCs differentiating into neurons.Methods Twenty-four hours neonatal rats were selected to obtain hippocampus tissue to culture NSCs in serum-free culture medium by suspending culture.The high pure NSCs were obtained after passing 2 generations.The culture cells were identified as NSCs by staining of nestin,which was NSCs special marker.After passaged three generations,the NSCs were randomly classified into 2 groups:test group and control group.There were 15 pieces per group.There was 2 mL per piece,which contains 1?105 cells.50 g/L fetal bovine serum(FBS) and 20 ?g/L BDNF were added into foundational culture medium in test group;only 50 g/L FBS was added into foundational culture medium in control group.The neurons and their percentage were tested using the immunofluorescence labeling and flow cytometer after 7 days of differentiated cultivation.Results The hippocampus tissue cells grew in globular in serum-free culture medium by suspending culture,which expressed highly positive by nestin immunofluorescence staining.Its purity was above 90%.The percentage of neurone specific enolase(NSE)-positive cells in test group was 60.45%,which was obviously higher than that of control group (23.67%).The difference was significant between 2 groups(?2=27.75 P

Teores de elementos minerais em algumas populações de Camu-Camu / Content of mineral elements in some populations of camu-camu

O camu-camu, caçari, ou araçá d'água (Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K) McVaugh) é um arbusto da família Myrtaceae, disperso em quase toda a Amazônia. É uma espécie tipicamente silvestre mas com grande potencial econômico e nutricional. Entretanto, no que se refere a elementos minerais, poucas informações são disponíveis na literatura. Considerando a essencialidade dessas informações na nutrição humana e objetivando contribuir na elaboração de uma Tabela de composição de alimentos a nível regional e nacional, determinou-se os elementos minerais em algumas populações de camu-camu, pela Técnica de Ativação com Nêutrons Instrumental. Verificou-se que em relação aos macro elementos minerais, nos frutos de camu-camu analisados, as maiores concentrações foram para potássio, com uma variação de (62,6±0,4 a 144,1±08 mg por cento) e cálcio (9,5±0,3 a 10,6±0,5 mg por cento). A concentração de sódio nos frutos foi baixa (90,7±16,5 µg por cento). A população Uatumã-9 apresentou maiores concentrações de zinco (472,0±8,3µg por cento), molibdênio (6,2±0,6µg por cento) e cromo (19,9±1,7 µg por cento), seguida da população Uatumã 24 em cobalto (2,4±0,03 mg por cento). Dessa forma, o consumo de camu-camu pode contribuir para atingir a ingestão adequada das recomendações de elementos minerais nos diferentes grupos populacionais da região Amazônica.

Camu-camu, caçari, or araçá d'água (Myrciaria dubia (H.B.K.) McVaugh) is a shrub of the Myrtaceae family, dispersed through almost all the Amazonia. It is a typically wild species but with great economic and nutritional potential. However, few information on its mineral content is available in the literature. Considering the importance of these information for the human nutrition, and, objectiving to contribute in the elaboration of a Table of food composition the regional and national level, was determined the mineral elements in some populations of camu-camu, by neutron activation analysis. According to the results, the greater concentrations was verified in relation to the macro mineral elements potassium, with a variation of (62,6±0,4 to 144,1±8,3 mg percent) and calcium (9,5±0,3 to 10,6±0,5 mg percent). The concentration of sodium in the fruts was low (19,9±1,7µg percent). The population Uatumã 9 presented greater concentrations of zinc (472,0±8,3µg percent), molybdenum (6,2±0,6µg percent) and chromium (19,9±1,7µg percent) followed of the population Uatumã 24 for cobalt (2,4±28,7mg percent). Therefore, camu-camu can contribute for reaching the recommendations of mineral elements intakes by the different human populations of the Amazon region.

A preliminary report of the treatment of endometrial cancer with californium-252 neutron intracavitary brachytherapy / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the treatment of advanced endometrial cancer with californium-252 brachytherapy. Methods 21 cases of endometrial cancers who had not received any treatment were diagnosed as in the stages Ⅰ～Ⅳ according to the criteria of FIGO. Treatment schedule included: 252Cf brachytherapy, 8～12Gy/fraction/week, the total dose of reference point A was 35～45 Gy and total dose of reference point F was 35～50Gy in three to four implant sessions. On the second day after 252Cf therapy, the whole pelvis was treated with 6MV X-ray external beam radiotherapy, 200 cGy per fraction, 4 times per week. The total dose of external beam radiotherapy was 45 to 50 Gy (the middle of pelvis was shielded with 4cm of lead), and the total treatment time was 5～6weeks. The recent therapeutic effect and complications were observed. Results The average time of complete tumor regression was 25 days, the local control rate was over 90%; the late radioactive complications of bladder and rectum was low during the 5-year follow-up period. Conclusions Combined californium-252 brachytherapy and high energy X-ray external beam radiotherapy may be safe and effective on advanced endometrial cancer.

Studies on the effects of EGF and EGFR on the injury of mice intestines induced by neutron and ?-ray irradiation / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To study comparatively the changes in epi th elial growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) in injured intestine induced b y neutron and ?-ray irradiation in mice and their significance. Method s 350 male BALB/C mice were irradiated with neutron and ?-rays, and t hey were sacrificed at 6 and 12 hours and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 da ys, respectively, after irradiation. Immunohistochemical method was employed to assess EGF and EGFR in the intestinal tissue of the mice. Results After the neutron radiation with 2.5Gy dosage, the expressions of EGF and E GFR in the cytoplasm of mucosa epithelial cells and crypt cells were obviously u p-regulated within 1 day, decreased after 1~2 days, increased again on 3~7 days , reached the peak value at the 5th day, and returned to normal values in 14 day s. Whereas EGF and EGFR were increased at 6 hours and progressively decreased fr om 12 hours up to 4 days after 4.0 and 5.5Gy neutron and 12Gy g-ray radiation . They were increased progressively within 3 days, reaching peak value on the 3r d day, and returned to normal values 5 days after 5.5Gy g-ray irradiation. Conclusions The expressions of endogenous EGF and EGFR showed diffe rent regularities after neutron and g-ray radiation, and they were involved in the pathologic courses of radiation damage and recovery of the intestine.

Determinação dos teores de elementos minerais em alimentos convencionais e não convencionais da região amazônica pela técnica de análise por ativação com nêutrons instrumental

In the present work the concentration values of the mineral elements Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Na, Se and Zn in conventional and non-conventional foodstuffs from Amazon Region by instrumental neutron activation analysis are presented. The concentrations to minerals varied according to the foodstuffs analysed. The highest concentrations of potassium were detected in jaca fruit (kernel and pulp) and graviola fruit. Although selenium was among the least abundant minerals, it was found in higher concentrations in graviola fruit, pupunha fruit and palm. Based on the concentration data of mineral elements it can be recommended the consumption of these foodstuffs in the daily meals of Amazonian people and we hope to contribute towards elaboration of regional and national food composition tables.

No presente trabalho são apresentados valores de concentração para os elementos minerais Ca, Fe, , Mn, Na, Se e Zn em alimentos convencionais e não convencionais da região Amazônica, obtidos por análise por ativação neutrônica instrumental. As concentrações dos elementos minerais nos alimentos analisados, variaram, sendo que o potássio se sobressaiu com teores expressivos na jaca (caroço e polpa) e graviola. Dentre os minerais, o selênio foi o que apresentou menor concentração nos alimentos analisados. Entretanto, notadamente importantes foram as concentrações verificadas na graviola, pupunha fruto e palmito. De acordo com os resultados obtidos sugere-se a indicação dos mesmos na alimentação diária dos amazonenses e espera-se contribuir na elaboração de tabelas de composição de alimentos regional e nacional.

Effect of recombinant human interleukin-11 on neutron irradiation injury of small intestine in mice / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of rhIL-11 on radiation injury to the intestinal epithelium and cells cycle of intestinal epithelial cell in mice irradiated with 3.5 Gy neutron. Methods The morphology of the small intestinal epithelium, crypt cells necrosis, and cell proliferation were observed of the epithelial cells of the irradiated mice. Cell cycle of the epithelial cells of the small intestine of the mice was examined by flow cytometry. Results rhIL-11 pretreatment before and treatment after irradiation could accelerate the repair of small intestinal mucosa in irradiated mice. G 2/M block which occurred in the irradiated small intestinal epithelial cells and the rhIL-11 treatment might significantly increased the proportion of cells at S phase. Conclusion rhIL-11 could significantly exert a preventive effect on the small intestine against radiation injury in neutron irradiated mice, with an impact on cell cycle of the intestinal epithelial cells.

Therapeutic effect of combination of rhIL-11 and rhG-CSF on acute radiation sickness produced by neutron irradiation in dogs / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of combined recombinant human IL-11(rhIL-11) and recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) on the neutron-irradiated dogs. Methods 18 male beagle dogs were divided into radiation control group (C, n=7), symptomatic treatment group (S, n=4), and combination therapy group (T, n=7). All dogs were exposed to total body 2Gy 90% neutron radiation. From the first day after radiation, the animals of group T received rhG-CSF 10?g/(kg?d) and rhIL-11 50?g/(kg?d) subeutaneously for 14d and 21d respectively. The cell counts of peripheral blood and CFU-GM of bone marrow were carried out. Results All animals of group S and T survived, however, the survival rate of group C was only 57%. The cellcounts of T group peripheral blood cells (white blood cell at any time point , the platelet and red blood cell of recovery phase) were higher than that of C or S group. The count of T group bone marrow CFU-GM was 6 fold higher than that of group C or S on day 1, and still 1.75, 1.46 fold higher than that group C or S, respectively, on day 33. Conclusion the combination therapy of rhIL-11 and rhG-CSF significantly raised the white cell and platelet counts in ARS dogs induced by neutron irradiation by accelerating the recovery of bone marrow hematopoietic function.

STUDIES ON RADIATION EFFECTS OF NEUTRON AND ?-RAY TO THE DRUGS / 第二军医大学学报

Seventy two kinds of drugs were irradiated by neutron (1?1013cm-2) and ?-ray (1?104R) to evalute their radioactivity, potency, content and some other physicohe-mical properties at intervals of 48 hrs and 3 months after exposure. LD50 of 36 kinds of drugs were measured and main pharmacological effect of 40 kinds of drugs were observed .The induced radioactivities of drugs, the 5% glucose in normal saline and the injection KC1 were found to be about 1? 10-1 ?Ci/ml, the rest were either about equal to or less than 1?10-2 ?Ci/ml(g.).No radiative effdcts were observed among these drugs with the exception of VitB12, ether and 0.1% citric acid The content of VitB12 was dropped after the radiation. Its decrease was found to be proportional to the dose of radiation.Slight changes in color and content were found in 10 of these drugs after radiation, but their extents were within the normal ranges according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.