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Objective:To quantify any correlation between serum levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFAs) and post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI).Methods:The clinical data of 77 patients hospitalized after a first stroke were analyzed. The Minimum Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to divide them into impaired (PSCI) and unimpaired (non-PSCI) cohorts. The serum levels of ω3-PUFAs, α-linolenic acid (ALA), eieosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and dueosahexenoie acid (DHA) were compared between the two groups and correlated with the individuals′ MMSE scores.Results:The average ALA, EPA, DHA and total ω3-PUFAs levels of PSCI group were in most cases significantly lower than those of the non-PSCI group. Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum DHA level was a weak positive predictor of the MMSE scores (R=0.32, P≤0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that low serum DHA level was an independent risk factor for PSCI ( P≤0.01). Conclusions:Cognitively impaired stroke survivors tend to have lower serum ω3-PUFAs levels than those without cognitive impairment. There is a weak positive correlation between serum DHA levels and MMSE scores. Low serum DHA level is an independent risk factor for PSCI. The serum level of ω3-PUFAs is of high value in the auxiliary diagnosis and evaluation of PSCI.
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The impact of linseed oil as a lipid source on liver disease induced by a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) was evaluated. Adult male Swiss mice received an HCD containing carbohydrates (72.1%), proteins (14.2%), and lipids (4.0%). The Control HCD group (HCD-C) received an HCD containing lard (3.6%) and soybean oil (0.4%) as lipid sources. The L10 and L100 groups received an HCD with 10 and 100% linseed oil as lipid sources, respectively. A group of mice were euthanized before receiving the diets (day 0) and the remaining groups after 56 days of receiving the diets (HCD-C, L10, and L-100 groups). Morphological and histopathological analyses, as well as collagen deposition were evaluated. Perivenous hepatocytes (PVH) of the HCD-C group were larger (P<0.05) than periportal hepatocytes (PPH) in the median lobe (ML) and left lobe (LL). There was a greater (P<0.05) deposition of type I collagen in PPH (vs PVH) and in the ML (vs LL). The ML exhibited a higher proportion of apoptotic bodies, inflammatory infiltrate, and hepatocellular ballooning. All these alterations (hepatocyte size, deposition of type I collagen, apoptotic bodies, inflammatory infiltrate, and hepatocellular ballooning) induced by HCD were prevented or attenuated in L10 and L100 groups. Another indicator of the beneficial effects of linseed oil was the lower (P<0.05) number of binucleated hepatocytes (HCD-C vs L10 or L100 group). In general, the L100 group had greater effects than the L10 group. In conclusion, linseed oil impedes or reduces the liver injury progression induced by an HCD.
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ABSTRACT We designed a chicken-meat hamburger enriched with ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cooked by sous-vide. The chicken meat used came from male BB chickens of the Cobb commercial line, fed for approximately 27 days with 3 isoprotein and isoenergetic diets based on: corn and soy; soybeans plus flax oil and soybeans plus fish oil. The hamburgers, made with a mixture of fresh skinless chicken breast and thigh meat, oat bran and a commercial mix of spices, were vacuum-packed and cooked at 80 °C for 10 min. Chemical analyses (moisture, fat, protein, fiber, thiobarbituric acid and fatty acid profile), color and texture profile were performed. The samples enriched with fish oil presented significantly higher values of docosapentaenoic acid (1.53 g of fatty acid per 100 g of fat) than the control sample (0.30 g of fatty acid per 100 g of fat). The sensory characterization was carried out by 54 consumers using the CATA methodology (check all that apply). The chicken-meat hamburger enriched with fish-ω3 oil was the most widely accepted by consumers. Therefore, a functional food product enriched with ω3 polyunsaturated acid close to the daily recommendation (250 mg) was designed. The sensory acceptability of consumers was found based on a pleasant taste, pleasant appearance and chicken flavor.
RESUMEN Se diseñó una hamburguesa de carne de pollo enriquecida con ácidos grasos ω3 poliinsaturados y cocida al vacío. La carne de pollo provino de pollos BB machos de la línea comercial Cobb, alimentados durante aproximadamente 27 días con 3 dietas isoproteicas e isoenergéticas en base a: maíz y soja; soja más aceite de lino y soja más aceite de pescado. Las hamburguesas, elaboradas con una mezcla de carne fresca de pechuga y pata muslo de pollo sin piel, salvado de avena y mezcla comercial de especias, se envasaron y cocinaron al vacío a 80 °C durante 10 min. Se realizaron análisis químicos (humedad, grasa, proteína, fibra, ácido tiobarbitúrico y perfil de ácidos grasos), color y perfil de textura. Las muestras enriquecidas con aceite de pescado presentaron valores significativamente mayores de ácidos docosapentaenoico (1,53 g de ácido graso por 100 g de grasa) que la muestra control (0,30 g de ácido graso por 100 g de grasa). La caracterización sensorial fue realizada por 54 consumidores utilizando la metodología CATA (marque todo lo que corresponda). La hamburguesa de pollo y enriquecida con aceite de pescado ω3 fue la más aceptada por los consumidores. Por lo tanto, se diseñó un producto alimenticio funcional en forma de hamburguesa de pollo que se enriqueció con ω3 poliinsaturados cerca de la recomendación diaria (250 mg), y se consideró un producto aceptable por el consumidor sobre la base del sabor agradable, apariencia agradable y sabor a pollo.
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Immune nutrient is one of the hotspots of surgical nutrition therapy in recent years, and its clinical application in critically ill patients during the perioperative period is particularly drawing attention. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, glutamine, arginine, dietary fiber and other immune nutrients can coordinate inflammatory response of the body, maintain a moderate immune response, protect the integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier function, and reduce bacterial translocation. However, there are some controversies in the effects of various immune nutrients on the prognosis of patients between clinical research results.
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Immune nutrient is one of the hotspots of surgical nutrition therapy in recent years,and its clinical application in critically ill patients during the perioperative period is particularly drawing attention.Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,glutamine,arginine,dietary fiber and other immune nutrients can coordinate inflammatory response of the body,maintain a moderate immune response,protect the integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier function,and reduce bacterial translocation.However,there are some controversies in the effects of various immune nutrients on the prognosis of patients between clinical research results.
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Regulation of blood lipid and anti-atherosclerosis is a hot topic in the study of poly unsaturated fatty acids in recent years. Many research showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids can inhibit atherosclerosis by reducing lipid, anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidative, inhibiting thrombosis and protecting vascular endothelial cells. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, due to their medicinal and edible homologues,have great potential drugs for regulating blood lipids and anti-atherosclerosis.
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AIM:To study the regulation mechanism of diet containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) on retinal neovascularization in an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model.METHODS:Sixty C57BL /6J mice,seven-day-old,were classified into 3 groups:A the normal control group,B the OIR model group,C the ω-3 PUFAs diet group.Each group has twenty mice and separated fed by their lactating mice.The normal control group was fed in a standard atmosphere environment,B,C groups were first fed in a hyper-oxygen atmosphere of (75 ± 2) ％ oxygen percentage for 5d,then continue fed in a standard atmosphere.The ω-3 PUFAs diet group was fed with dose base on their weight by 7.5mg/kg/d.All mice were sacrificed when they were seventeen-day-old,the relative neovascularization areas (NA) were calculated by fluorescein angiography on flat-mounted retina.The number of endothelial cell nuclei breaking through the inner linmiting membrane (ILM) was counted on hematoxylin and eosin-stained retinal section.The ω-3PUFAs/ω-6PUFAs relative amount and ratio was measured by GC-MS in the retina.A real-time PCR and Western Blot method were used to detect the mRNA,peroxisome proliferator-avtivated receptor-γ (RPAR-γ),vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2)in the retina.RESULTS:There was a significant different in all groups on the relative neovascularization areas and the number of endothelial cell nuclei breaking through the ILM (FNA =20.45,P＜0.05;FILM =48.66,P＜0.05).NA between Group A and B had a significant difference (t=8.64,P＜0.05),the same between Group C and B (t=8.91,P＜0.05).The cell nuclei breaking through ILM in Group A and B was significantly different (t =38.51,P＜ 0.05),the same in GroupC and B (t=19.86,P＜0.05).For the relative contain in retina of ω-3PUFAs and ω-6PUFAs,there was a significant different among all groups (F=129.86,F=112.44;all P＜0.05).That of Group C was significant different than other two groups(t=23.15,25.42;t=16.43,11.95;P＜0.05).There were significant different among all groups on ω-3PUFAs/ω-6PUFAs ratio,retinal RPAR-γmRNA expression,retinal VEGF-A mRNA expression and VEGFR-2 mRNA expression (Fω-3/6 =10.30,FRPAR-γ =138.24,FVEGF-A =69.12,FVEGFR-2 =52.45;P＜0.05).The ω-3PUFAs/ω-6PUFAs ratio of Group C was higher than that of Group B (P＜0.05).Compared to Group B,on one hand Group C had a higher expression (P＜0.05),on other hand Group C had a lower expression on VEGF-A mRNA and VEGFR-2 mRNA(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:The diet rich with ω-3 PUFAs uplifts the ω-3PUFAs/ω-6PUFAs ratio and activates RPAR-γ to lower expression of VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 to inhabit oxygen induced retinal neovascularization.
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Objective To observe the clinical curative effect of enteral nutrition (EN) liquid rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3PUFA) for patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and treated with mechanical ventilation.Methods A prospective study was conducted, 40 patients with ARDS admitted and treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) and respiratory department in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Huzhou from May 2007 to October 2016 were enrolled, and they were randomly divided into a study group and a control group, each group 20 cases. The same heat EN support of different prescriptions was given respectively in the two groups, nasal feeding with EN emulsion rich in ω-3PUFA (TPF-T) was applied in the study group, while in the control group, nasal feeding with EN suspension liquid of protein fiber type (TPF) was given, and the target energy established for the two groups was 104.0 - 125.5 kJ·kg-1·d-1. In the two groups, before and after treatment for 7 days, the changes of nutrition indexes [total protein (TP), albumin (ALB)], inflammatory index [C-reactive protein (CRP)], immune indexes (T cell subgroup CD4, CD8 and CD4/CD8), blood gas analysis indexes [arterial blood oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2)] and mechanical ventilation time, the length of stay in ICU and fatality rate were observed; the occurrences of false aspiration, feeding tube obstruction, high blood sugar, excessive water, diarrhea, constipation, etc. complications related to the process of the treatment were observed in the two groups. Results After treatment, the levels of TP, ALB, CD4, CD4/CD8, PaO2, PaO2/FiO2 in two groups were higher than those before treatment, the levels of CRP and CD8 were lower than those before treatment, and the improvement degrees of indexes in study group were superior to those in the control group [TP (g/L): 59.9±4.8 vs. 58.6±4.1, ALB (g/L): 31.9±3.4 vs. 31.1±4.4, CRP (mg/L): 25.8±18.5 vs. 38.1±24.9, CD4: 0.30±0.05 vs. 0.28±0.04, CD8: 0.21±0.03 vs. 0.19±0.04, CD4/CD8: 1.57±0.39 vs. 1.55±0.42, PaO2 (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 152.7±15.8 vs. 140.6±22.2, PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg): 304.5±32.1 vs. 280.2±44.1]; the survival patient mechanical ventilation time (days: 7.1±2.2 vs. 9.2±3.5) and length of stay in ICU (days: 10.4±2.8 vs. 12.6±3.6) were significantly shorter in study group than those in control group (allP < 0.05), and fatality rate was 15.0%in both groups.Conclusion The EN liquid rich in ω-3PUFA is more beneficial to the recovery of respiratory function than EN of protein fiber type in patients with ARDS, and the former EN also can shorten the mechanical ventilation time and the length of stay in ICU.
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Objective To explore the effects of fish oil lipid emulsion on risk of infection in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) after enterectomy.Methods The prospective study was conducted.The clinical data of 70 patients with CD who planned to receive enterectomy in the Nanfang Hospital of South Medical University between June 2015 and May 2017 were collected.All the patients were allocated into the fish oil group and control group by random number table method,and then underwent enterectomy by the same doctors' team.Patients in the fish oil group received daily intravenous infusion of 100ml 10％ fish oil lipid emulsion from day 1 to 5 postoperatively or longer) based on conventional treatment [combined other parenteral nutrition (PN) were selected according to patients' conditions];patients in the control group received conventional treatment (intravenous infusion of PN were selected according to patients' conditions).Observation indicators:(1) postoperative infection situations between groups;(2) risk of postoperative infection and nutrition-related indexes between groups;(3) comparison of duration of postoperative hospital stay between groups.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as-x ±s.The comparisons between groups were evaluated with the independent-sample t test and repeated measures data were analyzed by the repeated measures ANOVA.The comparisons of count data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability.Odds ratio and 95％ confidence interval (CI) for incidence of complications were calculated.Results Sixty-five patients were screened for eligibility,including 33 in the fish oil group and 32 in the control group.(1) Postoperative infection situations between groups:18 patients in the 2 groups were complicated with postoperative infection.Abdominal infection,wound infection,anastomotic fistula,pulmonary infection and wound infection combined with intestinal fistula were detected in 7,4,4,2 and 1 patients,respectively.Incidence of postoperative infection in the fish oil group and control group were respectively 15.2％(5/33) and 40.6％(13/32),with a statistically significant difference between groups (x2 =5.265,OR=0.261,95％CI:0.080-0.853,P＜0.05).(2) Risk of postoperative infection and nutrition-related indexes between groups:numbers of white blood cell (WBC) and centriole cell and level of hemoglobin (Hb) from day 1 to 5 post-operatively were respectively from (12.7±2.5) × 109/L,(10.7±2.2)×109/L,(103±17) g/L to (9.8±4.1) ×109/L,(7.5±4.1)×109/L,(101±13)g,/L in the fish oil group and from (12.3±2.5) × 109/L,(10.1±2.3) ×109/L,(106±16) g/L to (11.8±5.1) ×109/L,(9.6±5.1)× 109/L,(100±14) g/L in the control group,showing no statistically significant difference in changing trend of above indexes between groups (F =1.316,0.930,0.181,P＞0.05).The levels of procalcitonin,C-reactive protein and albumin (Alb) from day 1 to 5 postoperatively were respectively from (1.92± 1.41) ng/mL,(30± 10) mg/L,(30.0±4.1) g/L to (1.00±0.96) ng/mL,(30±27)mg/L,(34.1±4.3)g/L in the fish oil group and from (2.15±1.16)ng/mL,(26±7)mg/L,(31.1±3.9) g/L to (2.02± 1.86) ng/mL,(58± 56) mg/L,(28.5± 2.6) g/L in the control group,showing statistically significant differences in changing trend of above indexes between groups (F=5.053,6.056,6.709,P＞0.05).(3) Comparison of duration of postoperative hospital stay between groups:duration of postoperative hospital stay in the fish oil group and control group were respectively (9±4)days and (12±6) days,with an average shortened time of 3 days,showing a statistically significant difference between groups (t =-2.443,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Intravenous infusion of fish oil lipid emulsion could reduce risk of postoperative infection in patients with CD after enterectomy,and also improve postoperatively patients' nutritional status and shorten duration of hospital stay.
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Objective To investigate the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) on inflammatory response,nerve damage,and outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI).Methods Altogether 120 sTBI patients were selected from January 2013 to September 2014 in Jinjiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and divided with a random number table into experimental group (with ω-3 PUFA supplementation,n =60) and control group (without ω-3 PUFA supplementation,n =60).Sixty blood samples from healthy people visiting the physical examination clinic were collected as normal controls.The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin (IL)-1,IL-6,S100B and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) Ⅱ score and outcomes of the two groups were compared.Results The serum levels ofTNF-α,IL-1,IL-6,S100B,and NSE protein significantly increased in patients with sTBI compared with the normal controls (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group,the serum levels of inflammatory related factors (TNF-α,IL-1,IL-6) in the experimental group were significantly decreased on the 3rd day [(213.81 ±29.33) μg/L vs.(267.76 ±31.35) μg/L,(121.81 ± 10.63) μg/L vs.(152.60 ± 11.45) μg/L,(81.89 ± 8.34) μg/L vs.(106.62 ± 10.35) μg/L,all P ＜ 0.05],S100B and NSE protein expressions were significantly decreased on the 7th day [(1.32 ± 0.09) μg/L vs.(1.67 ± 0.12) μg/L,(12.57 ± 1.53) μg/L vs.(17.57 ±2.30) μg/L,both P ＜0.05].Compresd with the control group,the experimental group showed significantly higher GCS scores (9.32 ± 1.64 vs.7.14 ± 1.30,P =0.02) and significantly lower APACHE Ⅱ scores (14.37 ± 2.27 vs.17.00 ± 1.85,P =0.04) on the 14th day.Compresd with the control group,the experimental group showed lower mortality during the follow-up [11.7％ (7/60) vs.15.0％ (9/60)],but with no significant differences (P =0.49).Conclusion Supplementation of ω-3 PUFA could exert neuroprotective effect by effectively regulating inflammatory response and reducing the damages to glia and neurons in patients with sTBI,which is a promising agent for clinical application.
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Objective To investigate the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA)supplementation on brain edema,autophagy response and neurobehavioral outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats and the related mechanisms.Methods TBI rat models were established using Feeney's method.Seventy-two SD rats were divided into 4 groups using random number table:sham operation group,TBI group,ω-3 PUFA supplementation group (TBI + ω-3 group) and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine group (TBI + 3-MA group) (all n =18),each group was further divided into 3 sub-groups (n =6) corresponding to 3 time points (days 1,3,and 7 after TBI).On each of the 3 time points,we measured rat behavioral outcomes with modified neurologic severity score (mNSS) tests;brain water content was measured with wet-dry weight method.The mRNA and protein expressions of autophagy-related factors (LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1) in TBI cerebral cortex were determined by immunohistochemistry staining,reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot on day 3 after TBI.Results Compared with the sham group,on days 1,3,and 7 after injuary,the TBI group,the TBI + ω-3 group,and the TBI + 3-MA group had significantly higher mNSS scores (TBI group:12.42±0.27vs.1.34±0.32,12.07±0.27vs.1.16±0.29,10.22±0.39vs.1.22±0.30;TBI+ω-3 group:12.05 ±0.23 vs.1.34 ±0.32,11.38 ±0.21 vs.1.16±0.29,8.20 ±0.21 vs.1.22±0.30;TBI +3-MA group:11.93 ±0.20 vs.1.34 ±0.32,11.09 ±0.19 vs.1.16 ±0.29,7.93 ±0.17 vs.1.22 ± 0.30;all P =0.00) and brain water content [TBI group:(79.82 ± 0.61) ％ vs.(71.87 ± 0.43) ％,(83.04±0.42)％ vs.(72.13 ±0.53)％,(75.12 ±0.72)％ vs.(71.78 ±0.38)％;TBI+ω-3 group:(76.81 ±0.63)％ vs.(71.87 ±0.43)％,(79.39 ±0.59)％ vs.(72.13 ±0.53)％,(73.86 ±0.38)％ vs.(71.78 ±0.38)％;TBI+3-MAgroup:(75.98 ±0.49)％ vs.(71.87 ±0.43)％,(77.14 ±0.46)％ vs.(72.13 ±0.53)％,(72.24 ±0.37)％ vs.(71.78 ±0.38)％;all P =0.00].The mRNA and protein expressions of LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 in the brain were also significantly higher on day 3 in the TBI group,the TBI + ω-3 group,and the TBI + 3-MA group (all P =0.00).Compared with the TB1 group,on day 3 and day 7 after injury,the TBI + ω-3 group and the TBI + 3-MA group had significantly lower mNSS scores (TBI + ω-3 group:11.38±0.21 vs.12.07±0.27,P=0.04,8.20±0.21 vs.10.22±0.39,P=0.01;TBI+3-MA group:11.09±0.19vs.12.07 ± 0.27,P=0.01,7.93 ± 0.17 vs.10.22±0.39,P=0.00).Ondays1,3,and 7,compared with the TBI group,the TBI + ω-3 group and the TBI + 3-MA group had significantly lower brain water content [TBI + ω-3 group:(76.81 ± 0.63) ％ vs.(79.82 ± 0.61) ％,P =0.04,(79.39 ±0.59)％ vs.(83.04±0.42)％,P=0.01,(73.86±0.38)％ vs.(75.12±0.72)％,P=0.03;TBI+3-MAgroup:(75.98 ±0.49)％ vs.(79.82 ±0.61)％,P=0.01,(77.14 ±0.46)％ vs.(83.04 ±0.42)％,P =0.00,(72.24 ± 0.37) ％ vs.(75.12 ± 0.72) ％,P =0.02].On day 3,the TBI + ω-3 group and the TBI + 3-MA group had significantly reduced LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 mRNA expression compared with the TBI group (TBI +ω-3 group:P=0.04,P =0.01;TBI +3-MA group:P =0.01,P =0.00) and protein expression (TBI+ω-3 group:P=0.01,P=0.03;TBI +3-MA group:both P=0.00).Conclusion ω-3 PUFA supplementation could markedly reduce brain edema and improve neurological functions after TBI,showing a neuroprotective effect,possibly through inhibiting TBI-induced autophagy responses.
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BACKGROUND: The effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on cerebral vessels have not been clarified until now. Thus we investigated the efficacy of omega-3 PUFAs supplementation on cerebral blood flow velocity and vascular resistance via transcranial doppler (TCD). METHODS: Consecutive twenty patients (13 male and 7 female) with at least 1 cerebrovascular risk factor or a known cerebrovascular disease were enrolled. Patients were treated with omega-3 PUFAs (1 g, two times per day) for 12 weeks. Cerebral blood flow velocity, resistance index, and pulsatile index were checked before and after 12 weeks of treatment using TCD. RESULTS: The change of resistance index in right MCA (from 0.58 +/- 0.07 to 0.55 +/- 0.07, p = 0.042) and left PCA (from 0.56 +/- 0.07 to 0.53 +/- 0.06, p = 0.037) showed significant improvement after 12 weeks of omega-3 PUFAs treatment. The changes in other vessels, however, failed to show any significant changes compared to the baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Omega-3 PUFAs treatment showed feasible efficacies for cerebral vascular resistances in this open label trial. To confirm these results, larger samples of patients and longer period of follow-up is warranted.
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Humans , Male , Blood Flow Velocity , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated , Follow-Up Studies , Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis , Risk Factors , Vascular ResistanceABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Alterations in blood fatty acid (FA) composition are associated with cardiovascular diseases. We investigated whether plasma FA composition was related to stroke severity and functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 156 patients with first-episode cerebral infarction, within 7 days of symptom onset. The proportion of FAs was analyzed using gas chromatography, and the summation of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega3-PUFA), 18:3 omega3 alpha-linolenic acid, 20:3 omega3 eicosatrienoic acid, 20:5 omega3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and 22:6 omega3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was reported as Sigmaomega3-PUFAs. Stroke severity was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission. Poor functional outcome was defined by modified Rankin scale (mRS) > or =3 at three months after the index stroke. RESULTS: Lower proportions of EPA (beta=-0.751), DHA (beta=-0.610), and Sigmaomega3-PUFAs (beta=-0.462) were independently associated with higher NIHSS score, after adjusting for stroke subtype, hemoglobin, high density lipoprotein, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, fasting glucose, 16:0 palmitic acid, and Sigmasaturated fatty acids. Moreover, a lower proportion of DHA (odds ratio [OR]: 0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.04-0.88), and Sigmaomega3-PUFAs (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.05-0.84) showed an independent relationship with poor functional outcome after adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, NIHSS score, stroke subtype, and 16:0 palmitic acid. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that omega3-PUFAs correlated with stroke severity on admission and functional outcomes at 3 months. omega3-PUFAs are potential blood biomarkers for prognosis of acute non-cardiogenic ischemic stroke patients.
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Humans , alpha-Linolenic Acid , Biomarkers , C-Reactive Protein , Cardiovascular Diseases , Cerebral Infarction , Chromatography, Gas , Eicosapentaenoic Acid , Fasting , Fatty Acids , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated , Glucose , Lipoproteins , Palmitic Acid , Plasma , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Smoke , Smoking , StrokeABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the stamina,the role of antioxidant system in severe acute pancreatitis(SAP),and the effect of fish oil treatment in rats.Methods:Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats(SD) were randomly divided into three groups,including SAP group(sodium chloride treatment ) (group NSG,n=12),fish oil treatment group (group FOG,n=12),and control group (group CG,n=12).SAP was induced by intergraded injection of 3.5% sodium tanrocholate to biliopancreatic duct of SD rats in group NSG and FOG.The group NSG rats were treated by subcutaneous injection of sodium chloride,while the group FOG rats were treated by subcutaneous injection of fish oil for 7 days.Then the improved tail suspension test was observed at the first,third,fifth,seventh day.12 rats in each group were respectively sacrificed after 7 day.The activity of serum antioxidant enzymes (MDA,GSH-PH) and the concentration of serum amylase were measured in each group,and the levels of threshold on the area and the total immobility time were measured in each group.The severity of pancreatitis was analyzed according to the histopathological morphology.Results: Compared to group NSG,the severity of pancreatitis was significantly decreased in group FOG.The activity of MDA was significantly increased in group NSG than that in group CG (P<0.01) ,while the activity of MDA in group FOG was decreased than that in group NSG (P<0.05) .The activity of GSH-PH was significantly decreased in group NSG than that in group CG(P<0.01),while the activity of GSH-PH was increased in group GOG than that in group NSG (P<0.05).THE level of threshold on the area was decreased in group NSG than that in group CG(P<0.01),while the level of threshold on the area was increased in group GOG than that in group NSG.(P<0.01) The total immobility time was significantly increased in group NSG than that in group CG(P<0.01),while the total immobility time was decreased in group GOG than that in group NSG(P<0.05).MDA was associated with the level of threshold on the area and the total immobility time.Conclusion: Fish oil has a positive effect on the activity of antioxidant system and behavior character in SAP rats.
ABSTRACT
O objetivo da pesquisa foi investigar, na literatura, os efeitos dos ácidos graxos ômega-3 (AGs w-3) na prevenção e no tratamento do câncer de mama feminino. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura, utilizando-se artigos indexados nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs, Scielo e Google scholar, com ênfase nos últimos cinco anos, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Foram selecionados estudos experimentais, clínicos randomizados, observacionais, epidemiológicos, entre outros, seguidos de tratamento estatístico com significância de p < 0.05. Resultados: Estudos demonstram que o consumo regular de AGs w-3 é capaz de reduzir a incidência de tumores mamários femininos induzidos experimentalmente. Em humanos e em animais de laboratório, pesquisas têm vinculado o alto consumo de peixes (ou óleo de peixe) na redução do risco de desenvolvimento do câncer de mama feminino e sugerem que a ingestão mais apropriada está na proporção de 2:1 (de ômega-6 para ômega-3). Ensaios clínicos com intervenções dietéticas com o objetivo de prevenir ou tratar o câncer devem ser cuidadosamente projetados para superar essas limitações e proporcionar uma ótima relação de ácidos graxos ômega-6 para ômega-3. Conclusão: Os estudos sobre a prevenção do câncer de mama e os mecanismos de ação dos AGs w-3 ainda são inconclusivos, porém, a maioria das evidências científicas demonstrou que a suplementação ou ingestão de w-3 está associada a menores incidências de tumores malignos mamários. Entretanto, mais estudos controlados e randomizados são necessários para elucidar os reais efeitos dos AGs w-3 na carcinogênese mamária, a dosagem adequada e o seu mecanismo de ação.
The objective of the research was to investigate, in literature, the effects of omega-3 fatty acids (w-3 FAs) in the prevention and treatment of female breast cancer. Methods: This is a review of the literature, using indexed articles in Medline, Lilacs, SciELO and Google scholar database, with emphasis in the last five years, in Portuguese, English and Spanish languages. We selected experimental studies, clinical trials, observational, epidemiological, among others, followed by treatment with a statistical significance of p < 0.05. Results: Studies show that regular consumption of w-3 FAs is able to reducethe incidence in experimentally induced female breast tumors. In humans and laboratory animals, research has linked the high consumption of fish (or fish oil) to the reduction of the risk in developing female breast cancer and it is suggested that the more appropriate intake ratiois of 2:1 (omega-6 to omega-3). Clinical trials with dietary interventions aimed at preventing or treating cancer should be carefully designed to overcome these limitations and provide an optimal ratio percentage of omega-6 to omega-3. Conclusion: The studies on breast cancer prevention and the w-3 FAs mechanisms of action are still inconclusive, but most of the scientific evidence has shown that supplement or intake of w-3 is associated to lower incidences of malignant breast tumors. However, more randomized controlled trials are needed to elucidate the actual effects of w-3 FAs in breast carcinogenesis, the proper dosage and its mechanism of action.