Aceptación y rechazo entre adolescentes en grupos de escolares cubanos / Acceptance and rejection among adolescents in groups of Cuban schoolchildren

RESUMEN Introducción: Las relaciones entre iguales constituyen un tema de gran importancia, especialmente durante la adolescencia. El objetivo del presente texto es identificar razones por las cuales se aceptan y se rechazan adolescentes en aulas de enseñanza media y media superior. Método: La muestra estuvo conformada por 645 estudiantes pertenecientes a 20 grupos escolares de 10 instituciones docentes de La Habana, durante el curso escolar 2018-2019. El instrumento empleado para la recogida de datos fue un cuestionario sociométrico de nominación directa e ilimitada. Este instrumento fue procesado a partir del análisis de contenido realizado a las razones emitidas por cada estudiante, para lo cual se empleó el análisis cualitativo. A partir de ellas fueron creadas categorías para su interpretación y análisis. Resultados: Se demuestra que los criterios, tanto en el ejercicio de la tarea como en los aspectos sociales se agrupan en siete categorías: cualidades para las relaciones sociales, rasgos físicos, cualidades intelectuales y/o para la tarea, beneficio de la relación (individual o mutuo hacia la tarea o los aspectos sociales), vínculo social y semejanzas. Discusión: En la literatura científica y en investigaciones recientes, se constata que estos motivos son condicionados por varios criterios; de manera particular, relacionados con el sexo y el momento de la adolescencia en la que se encuentran los estudiantes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Relationships between equals are a topic of great importance, especially during adolescence. The objective of this text is to identify reasons why adolescents are accepted and rejected in high school classrooms. Method: The sample was made up of 645 students belonging to 20 school groups from 10 educational institutions in Havana, during the 2018-2019 school year. The instrument used for data collection was a sociometric questionnaire of direct and unlimited nomination. This instrument was processed from the content analysis carried out on the reasons given by each student, for which qualitative analysis was used. From them, categories were created for their interpretation and analysis. Results: It is shown that the criteria, both in the exercise of the task and in the social aspects, are grouped into seven categories: qualities for social relationships, physical traits, intellectual qualities and / or for the task, benefit of the relationship (individual or mutual towards the task or social aspects), social bond and similarities. Discussion: In the scientific literature and in recent research, it is found that these motives are conditioned by several criteria; in particular, related to sex and the moment of adolescence in which the students are.

The Differences in Preference for Vegetables among Primary School to University Students in Gyeongbuk Area / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: Vegetables are the most left over side dishes in school lunch programs. This study intended to analyze the differences in preference for vegetables among the students of different age groups in order to determine potential ways of increasing vegetable consumption in this study group. METHODS: A total of 308 primary to university students in Gyeongbuk area were recruited and a questionnaire-based survey was conducted. The preference score (7-Likert scale: very much dislike (1)~so-so (4)~like very much (7)) and intake frequency (5-Likert scale) of 48 kinds of vegetables in 4 vegetable groups, such as vegetable (fruit-, root-, leaf-, and stalk- vegetable), seaweeds, mushrooms, and kimchi were investigated, and data were analyzed by SPSS WIN (ver 12.0). RESULTS: The preference scores of vegetables except for seaweeds were significantly different among school groups, university was the highest, followed by high school. Primary and middle school students showed the lowest preference score, especially for leaf- and stalk- vegetables. The preference score for seaweeds was the highest of 5.28, followed by kimchi of 4.99. With regard to kimchis, the preference score was the highest in university', followed by high school, middle school, and primary school' was the lowest. The number of vegetables with < 4.0 preference score was the highest in primary school of 16, 15 in middle school, 11 in high school, and 7, the lowest in university. The vegetable with preference score of < 4.0 in all 4 school groups were mallow, chard, bud, radish leaf, mugwort, butterbur and sweet potato stalk. With regard to the intake frequency of vegetables, kimchis, an indispensable part of the Korean diet, was the highest of 2 times/day, followed by cooked vegetables of 1.5 times/day. The correlation coefficients between preference scores and intake frequencies were statistically significant in all groups of vegetables. As for the coefficient of variation (CV) of preference score, primary school' was the highest and university' was the lowest. The number of vegetables with high CV and high inexperience were highest in primary school students. CONCLUSIONS: Providing more opportunities for consuming a variety of vegetables, such as leaf- and stalk- vegetable, it may be possible to increase vegetable consumption, especially for the primary school students.

A tutoria na grade curricular do ensino médio como contribuição para a formação do grupo escolar / La tutoría como parte del plan de estudios obligatorio como contribución a la formación del grupo escolar / High school curricular guidance as a contribution to student group development

O presente trabalho desenvolve uma reflexão sobre a disciplina de tutoria como parte da grade curricular obrigatória do 1º ano do Ensino Médio em uma escola particular da Grande São Paulo e de como este espaço pode favorecer a constituição de uma identidade de grupo. A tutoria consiste em um espaço conduzido por um professor-tutor que acompanha a turma ao longo do ano letivo. Sem conteúdo programático pré-definido, abordam-se questões emergentes em cada turma, favorecendo assim a expressão e a elaboração de angústias e sofrimentos próprios deste momento de formação. F azem parte dos recursos utilizados ferramentas como auto-avaliação individual e em grupo - baseadas nos critérios estabelecidos pela própria turma - e portfólio. A partir de um caso ilustrativo, discute-se o processo de mudança nas visões dos integrantes da turma sobre si e sua implicação com o universo escolar: inicialmente tida como "bagunceira" e "sem futuro" pelos docentes, pôde re-significar seu lugar na escola, transformando o olhar da instituição sobre eles. Conclui-se que a tutoria, integrada à grade curricular, contribui para a formação de identidade grupal e desenvolvimento integral do aluno.

This paper discusses the high school curricular guidance as part of the mandatory curriculum in the first year of a private high school in the Sao Paulo metropolitan area, focusing on how it can promote the development of the group identity. Guidance is conducted by a teacher - tutor who accompanied the group throughout the school year. Without pre - defined content, the teacher opens the opportunity to address emerging issues in each class, thereby facilitating the expression and elaboration of students' anxieties and sufferings which are usual at this stage. Individual or group s elf - assessment— based on criteria established by the class itself — and reflective portfolio are tools used in the process. From an illustrative case, is discussed the process of perspective changes of the students about themselves and their involvement with the school environment: initially the class was seen as "messy" and "futureless" by teachers, along the process they could re - signify their own meaning at school, transforming the institutional sight over them. It was concluded that integrating guidance into the curriculum contributes to the formation of communitarian relations and the integrative development of the student.

Este artículo reflexiona sobre la disciplina de la tutoría como parte del plan de estudios obligatorio en el 1er año de secundaria en una escuela privada en el área metropolitana de Sao Paulo y cómo se puede promover la formación de una identidad de grupo. La tutoría consiste del profesor-tutor que acompaña al grupo durante todo el año escolar. Sin plan de estudios pre-definidos, para hacer frente a nuevos problemas en cada clase, lo que facilita la expresión y la elaboración de sus propias angustias y los sufrimientos de este tiempo de formación. Son parte de los recursos utilizados como herramientas de grupo de auto-evaluación e individuales - sobre la base de criterios establecidos por la propia clase - y el portfólio reflexivo. A partir de un caso ilustrativo, se discute el proceso de cambio en las opiniones de los miembros de la clase acerca de sí mismos y su implicación con el entorno escolar: en un principio considerado como "ruidoso" y "sin futuro" por los profesores, el grupo pudo volver a indicar su lugar en la escuela, transformando el aspecto de la imposición sobre ellos. Se concluye que la tutoría, integrada en el plan de estudios, contribuye a la formación de una identidad de grupo y promoción del desarrollo integral del alumno.