Effect of octreotide on oxidative stress in the erythrocyte and kidney tissue in adriamycin-induced experimental nephrotic syndrome model / Efeito do octreotide no estresse oxidativo em eritrócitos e no tecido renal no modelo de síndrome nefrótica experimental induzida por adriamicina

Abstract Introduction: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is one of the reasons of end-stage kidney disease, and elucidating the pathogenesis and offer new treatment options is important. Oxidative stress might trigger pathogenesis systemically or isolated in the kidneys. Octreotide (OCT) has beneficial antioxidant effects. We aimed to investigate the source of oxidative stress and the effect of OCT on experimental NS model. Methods: Twenty-four non-uremic Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups. Control group, 2 mL saline intramuscular (im); NS group, adriamycin 5 mg/kg intravenous (iv); NS treatment group, adriamycin 5 mg/kg (iv) and OCT 200 mcg/kg (im) were administered at baseline (Day 0). At the end of 21 days, creatinine and protein levels were measured in 24-hour urine samples. Erythrocyte and renal catalase (CAT) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) were measured. Renal histology was also evaluated. Results: There was no significant difference among the 3 groups in terms of CAT and TBARS in erythrocytes. Renal CAT level was lowest in NS group, and significantly lower than the control group. In treatment group, CAT level significantly increased compared with NS group. In terms of renal histology, tubular and interstitial evaluations were similar in all groups. Glomerular score was significantly higher in NS group compared with control group and it was significantly decreased in treatment group compared to NS group. Conclusions: Oxidative stress in NS might be due to the decrease in antioxidant protection mechanism in kidney. Octreotide improves antioxidant levels and histology in renal tissue and might be a treatment option.

Resumo Introdução: Síndrome nefrótica (SN) é uma das causas de doença renal em estágio terminal. É importante elucidar a patogênese e oferecer novas opções de tratamento. Estresse oxidativo pode desencadear a patogênese sistemicamente ou isoladamente nos rins. O octreotide (OCT) tem efeitos antioxidantes benéficos. Nosso objetivo foi investigar a fonte de estresse oxidativo e efeito do OCT no modelo experimental de SN. Métodos: Dividimos 24 ratos albinos Wistar não urêmicos em 3 grupos. Grupo controle, 2 mL de solução salina intramuscular (im); grupo SN, adriamicina 5 mg/kg intravenosa (iv); grupo tratamento SN, adriamicina 5 mg/kg (iv) e OCT 200 mcg/kg (im) foram administrados no início do estudo (Dia 0). Aos 21 dias, mediram-se os níveis de creatinina e proteína em amostras de urina de 24 horas. Mediu-se a catalase (CAT) eritrocitária e renal e a substância reativa ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Avaliou-se também histologia renal. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa entre os três grupos em termos de CAT e TBARS em eritrócitos. O nível de CAT renal foi menor no grupo SN e significativamente menor que no grupo controle. No grupo tratamento, o nível de CAT aumentou significativamente em comparação com o grupo SN. Quanto à histologia renal, as avaliações tubular e intersticial foram semelhantes em todos os grupos. O escore glomerular foi significativamente maior no grupo SN em comparação com o grupo controle e diminuiu significativamente no grupo de tratamento em comparação com o grupo SN. Conclusões: Estresse oxidativo na SN pode ser devido à diminuição do mecanismo de proteção antioxidante nos rins. O octreotide melhora níveis de antioxidantes e histologia do tecido renal e pode ser uma opção de tratamento.

Comparison of Serum Malondialdehyde Levels in Vitiligo Patients and Healthy Controls.

Vitiligo is an idiopathic, acquired, circumscribed, hypomelanotic skin disorder, characterized by depigmented or hypopigmented macules of different sizes and shapes. It is due to the destruction of melanocytes resulting in the absence of pigment production of the skin and mucosal surfaces. Oxidative stress has been implicated in pathophysiology of vitiligo. Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage.1 Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of several low-molecular-weight end products formed via the decomposition of certain primary and secondary lipid peroxidation products. It is one of the important indicators of free radical-mediated tissue injury.METHODSIn this case control study, the serum MDA levels of 50 vitiligo patients were compared with 50 age and sex matched controls. Analysis was done in UV – Vis spectrophotometer and Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured in the serum by a method based on Valipasha and Sadasivadu’s procedures for estimation of MDA.RESULTSMDA levels were high in cases and in patients with unstable and generalized vitiligo than in control group and stable and localized vitiligo with a significant p value. There was no significant gender difference in oxidative stress. This study concludes that oxidative stress has a significant role in development of vitiligo.CONCLUSIONSThere is oxidative stress in vitiligo as the serum level of malondialdehyde a marker of lipid peroxidation is elevated in vitiligo cases compared to controls.

Plasma antioxidant substances apparently do not influence the radiodermatitis occurrence / Substâncias antioxidantes do plasma aparentemente não influenciam a ocorrência de radiodermatite

AIMS: Radiation affects not only tumors but also healthy tissues through the increment of oxidative stress. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress degree as well as non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in the plasma of patients submitted to radiotherapy and to verify if these parameters are modified in those patients who develop radiodermatitis. METHODS: Forty-one patients submitted to radiotherapy for treatment of breast cancer were followed. From these patients, plasma samples were obtained at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the treatment, for analysis of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in terms of TBARS and FRAP in plasma harvested from these patients at the beginning and at the middle of the treatment. There was lower incidence of grade two radiodermatitis among patients undergoing radiotherapy with hypofractionated doses. There were no differences in FRAP or TBARS among patients who developed radiodermatitis of any degree in relation to those who did not develop this side effect. No differences of FRAP or TBARS were observed between patients that presented grade two radiodermatitis regarding to the others studied. CONCLUSION: There was no clear relationship between changes in TBARS or FRAP with the occurrence or severity of radiodermatitis.

High-intensity exercise-induced oxidative stress in sedentary pre-pubertal & post-pubertal boys: A comparative study

Background & objectives: High-intensity exercise results in oxidative stress in adult population. Impact of pubertal attainment on high-intensity exercise-induced oxidative stress in sedentary paediatric population has not been investigated in detail. The present study was conducted to investigate the extent of high-intensity exercise-induced oxidative stress in sedentary pre- and post-pubertal boys through estimation of serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total thiol content and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Methods: Sixty four sedentary pre-pubertal (n=32, age = 10.21�67 yr) and post-pubertal (n=32, age = 15.58�47 yr) boys performed incremental treadmill running exercise at 80 per cent of the age predicted maximum heart rate till volitional exhaustion. Blood sample (5 ml) was drawn from each individual before and after the exercise for estimation of oxidative stress markers. Results: Pre-exercise SOD activity and total thiol level showed significant positive relationship with age and were significantly higher in post-pubertal boys. Serum TBARS level, SOD and CAT activities increased while total thiol content decreased in both the groups following exercise. Post-exercise percentage change in TBARS, SOD activity and total thiol level was significantly higher in post-pubertal boys, and these variables had significant positive relationship with age. No significant intergroup variations were noted in CAT activity before or after exercise. Interpretation & conclusions: Extent of post-exercise oxidative stress increased significantly with attainment of puberty. However, baseline and post-exercise antioxidation status also increased significantly as a function of age with pubertal maturation allowing the post-pubertal boys to counter relatively higher oxidative stress more efficiently than their pre-pubertal counterparts. Post-exercise upregulation in CAT activity might not be influenced by age or pubertal maturation in this age group.

Some Quality Parameters of Powdered Soups Prepared from Different Fish Species

Abstract In this study, we aim to determine the shelf life of dried and ready to use-powdered soup samples obtained from different types of fish species such as Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), sea bream (Sparusaurata L.) and sea bass (Dicentrarchuc labrax). For this purpose, the chemical (moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash, pH, Thiobarbituric acid (TBA), Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), microbiological (total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, total yeast and mold, total coliform, Staphylococcus spp. and Salmonella spp.) and sensory properties of fish soup samples were determined during 6-month storage period. The pH, TBA and TVB-N values of all samples increased during the storage period, but these values were within the consumption limits. Additionally, the microbiological properties of all fish soup samples were found within the consumption limits during storage. As a result, a product has been obtained with high nutritional value and rich with regard to protein, oil, and minerals by adding the fish meat to soup samples. It has been determined that the product quality and shelf life significantly increased by using the boiled product for the production of soup samples.

Study on Stability of Volatile Oil in Foeniculi Fructus and Screening Its Antioxidants in Accelerated Oxidation Environment / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To screen the accelerated oxidation environment with the most drastic changes in the volatile oil composition of Foeniculi Fructus, and to optimize the type and concentration of antioxidants. Method: The volatile oil of Foeniculi Fructus was extracted by steam distillation. Taking thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value and peroxide value (POV) as evaluation indexes, response surface method was used to investigate the effects of temperature, concentrations of ferrous ion (Fe2+) and azoamidine initiator V50 (AAPH) on volatile oil components of Foeniculi Fructus and its oxidation products. TBARS and POV were detected by ultraviolet chromatography. The oxidative environment with the most drastic changes of volatile oil composition of Foeniculi Fructus was screened. The type and concentration of antioxidants were selected by single factor experiments. The change discipline of volatile oil in Foeniculi Fructus after added different concentrations of antioxidants were analyzed by GC-MS. Result: The worst oxidizing environment for volatile oil of Foeniculi Fructus was as follows:temperature at 42.5℃,AAPH concentration of 1 g·L-1,Fe2+ concentration of 20.85 mg·L-1. Ascorbyl palmitate with concentrations of 0.2 mol·L-1 and 0.8 mol·L-1 could effectively improve the stability of volatile oil from Foeniculi Fructus. Conclusion: Under the accelerated oxidation environment, the terpenes in volatile oil from Foeniculi Fructus are significantly changed, but its stability can be improved by ascorbyl palmitate.

Cupremia y colesterolemia como factores de riesgo en pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer / Plasma levels of copper and cholesterol as risk factors in Alzheimer disease patients / Cupremia e colesterolemia como fatores de risco em pacientes com doença de Alzheimer

Se estudiaron 241 personas, 119 controles y 122 pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) subagrupados en tres categorías de acuerdo con el estadio clínico de la dolencia, con el objetivo de investigar la influencia de niveles elevados de cobre libre y colesterol plasmático como factores de riesgo para la EA. Las conclusiones obtenidas de los resultados indicaron que los pacientes expuestos a una combinación de alto colesterol y de cobre no unido a ceruloplasmina tuvieron mayor proporción de marcadores de estrés oxidativo (carbonilos proteicos, sustancias reactivas al tiobarbiturato, glutatión oxidado y descenso de antioxidantes totales en sangre), conjuntamente con un incremento de HDL-colesterol peroxidado y lipoproteína "a" que correlacionó con la gravedad de su cuadro. Lo mismo sucedió con la relación entre péptidos amiloides (1-40) y (1-42) en plasma y los valores del mini-test de estado cognitivo (MMSE). Se halló que una función de adición de efectos que cuantificó el daño por cobre libre y colesterol oxidado resultó directamente proporcional a la pérdida de desempeño cognitivo estimada por medio del MMSE. Esta función es de fácil determinación y puede considerarse un nuevo biomarcador para estudiar riesgo en poblaciones expuestas, apoyar el diagnóstico clínico, o evaluar la eficacia de estrategias terapéuticas en pacientes con EA.

Alzheimer disease (AD) patients (122) compared to control subjects (119) were studied to determine the role of chronic exposure of hypercholesterolemic plasma levels and free copper (not bound to ceruloplasmin) as biomarkers of progression for AD. Oxidative stress parameters, lipid profile, amyloid levels, and cognitive status were studied in all participants. Conclusions obtained indicated that patients exposed simultaneously to free copper and increased cholesterol levels present higher indicators of oxidative stress (protein carbonyls, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, decreased total antioxidant activity in plasma and elevated oxidized HDL-cholesterol). Lipoprotein "a" concentrations also correlated with the clinical progression of the disease. The ratio amyloid ß(1-40)/ß(1-42) in plasma inversely correlated with the cognitive performance estimated by the Mini-Mental State Examination Test (MMSE). A defined function that weighs the contribution of the deleterious effect produced by combined free copper and Ox-HDL-cholesterol exposure directly correlated with the loss of cognitive performance. Thus, this biomarker could be a new tool for the screening of large populations under risk, or may be a useful way to estimate the efficacy of therapeuti approaches in patients suffering AD.

Foram estudadas 241 pessoas, 119 controles e 122 pacientes com doença de Alzheimer (DA), agrupados em três categorias de acordo com o estágio clínico da doença, com o objetivo de investigar a influência de níveis elevados de cobre livre e colesterol plasmático como fatores de risco para a DA. As conclusões obtidas a partir dos resultados indicaram que os pacientes expostos a uma combinação de colesterol alto e de cobre não ligados à ceruloplasmina apresentaram maior proporção de marcadores de estresse oxidativo (carbonilos proteicos, substâncias reativas ao tiobarbiturato, glutationa oxidada e diminuição dos antioxidantes totais no sangue ), juntamente com um aumento da HDL-colesterol peroxidado e lipoproteína "a" que correlacionou com a gravidade de sua condição. O mesmo aconteceu com a relação entre os peptídeos amilóides (1-40) e (1-42) em plasma e os valores do mini-teste do estado cognitivo (MMSE). Verificou-se que uma função de adição de efeitos que quantificou o dano por cobre livre e colesterol oxidado resultou diretamente proporcional à perda de desempenho cognitivo estimada através do MMSE. Esta função é fácil de determinar e pode ser considerada um novo biomarcador para estudar o risco em populações expostas, apoiar o diagnóstico clínico ou avaliar a eficácia de estratégias terapêuticas em pacientes com DA.

Fibra y capacidad antioxidante de algas comestibles en ratas suficientes o deficientes en vitamina E / Fiber and antioxidant capacity of edible algae in vitamin E sufficient and deficient rats / Fibra e capacidade antioxidante de algas comestíveis em camundongos suficientes e deficientes em vitamina E

Debido a la importancia que han alcanzado las algas en la alimentación de los países occidentales aquí se estudió el potencial de las algas Nori y Wakame como fuentes de fibra y capacidad antioxidante en ratas en crecimiento alimentadas con dietas suficientes o deficientes en vitamina E (vit E) durante 15 días. Hubo 3 grupos de ratas que recibieron dietas: 1. grupo control, 2. grupo Nori y 3 grupo Wakame con vit E y 3 grupos similares sin vit E. En las dietas con vit E, Nori produjo una reducción de crecimiento y las dos algas causaron una acumulación de vit E hepática, una reducción en la vit E plasmática y un aumento en TBARS en plasma e hígado. En contraste, cuando las algas se ofrecieron en dietas exentas de vit E, el grupo Nori recuperó su capacidad de crecer, mantuvo una mayor reserva de vit E en el hígado que el grupo control deficiente en vit E y el consumo de ambas algas resultó en TBARS plasmáticos por debajo de las ratas controles deficientes en vit E, lo que señaló que las algas se comportaron mejor en dietas sin vit E. Adicionalmente, se observó que las algas estimularon la función excretora del intestino sin afectar su capacidad absortiva.

In western countries, edible seaweed consumption has markedly increased in recent years. Accordingly, in this study the antioxidant capacity and fiber value of Nori and Wakame algae were evaluated in growing rats fed with sufficient of deficient vitamin E. There were 3 groups of rats: 1. Control, 2. Nori and 3. Wakame with vitamin E and 3 similar groups without vitamin E. The diet with Nori and sufficient vitamin E caused a reduction in growth and Nori and Wakame were associated with liver vitamin E accumulation, plasma vitamin E reduction and an increase in TBARS in liver and plasma. In contrast, when the same diets were offered without vitamin E, the Nori fed rats recovered their growing capacity, they maintained a higher vitamin E reserve than the control or Wakame fed rats, and the consumption of both algae was associated with lower plasma TBARS than vitamin E deficient rats, indicating that these algae are best accepted when offered without vitamin E. In addition, both algae improved the excretory capacity of the intestine without affecting its absorption function.

Visto que nos países ocidentais revestiu importância o consumo de algas na alimentação, aqui foi estudado o potencial das algas Nori e Wakame como fontes de fibra e capacidade antioxidante em ratos em crescimento, alimentados com dietas suficientes ou deficientes em vitamina E (vit E) durante 15 dias. Houve 3 grupos de ratos que receberam dietas: 1. grupo controle, 2. grupo Nori e 3. grupo Wakame com vit E e 3 grupos similares sem vit E. Nas dietas com vit E, Nori produziu uma redução no crescimento e as duas algas provocaram uma acumulação de vit E hepática, redução da vit E plasmática e aumento em TBARS em plasma e fígado. Em contraste, quando as algas foram oferecidas em dietas sem vitamina E, o grupo Nori recuperou sua capacidade de crescimento, manteve maior reserva de vit E no fígado do que o grupo controle deficiente em vit E e o consumo de ambas as algas resultou em TBARS plasmáticos mais baixos do que nos ratos do grupo controle deficientes em vitamina E, indicando que essas algas são melhor aceitas quando oferecidas sem vit E. E, também, as algas melhoraram a capacidade de excreção do intestino sem afetar sua função de absorção.

Foxo3 gene expression and oxidative status in beta-thalassemia minor subjects

ABSTRACT Background: Oxidative stress may aggravate symptoms of hemolytic anemias such as beta-thalassemia. FoxO3 activation results in resistance to oxidative stress in fibroblasts and neuronal cell cultures. Objective: The purpose of this research was to study FoxO3 gene expression and oxidative status in beta-thalassemia minor individuals. Methods: Sixty-three subjects (42 apparently healthy individuals and 21 with beta-thalassemia minor) were analyzed at the Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina, between September 2013 and June 2014. A complete blood count, hemoglobin electrophoresis in alkaline pH and hemoglobin A2 levels were quantified. Moreover, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, erythrocyte catalase activity and iron status were evaluated. Beta-thalassemia mutations were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. FoxO3 gene expression was investigated by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using mononuclear cells from peripheral blood. Results: Subjects were grouped as children (≤12 years), and adult women and men. The analysis of erythrocyte catalase activity/hemoglobin ratio revealed a significant difference (p-value <0.05) between healthy and beta-thalassemia minor adults, but no significant difference was observed in the thiobarbituric acid reactive species levels and FoxO3 gene expression (p-value >0.05). Thiobarbituric acid reactive species and the erythrocyte catalase activity/hemoglobin ratio were not significantly different on comparing the type of beta-thalassemia mutation (β0 or β+) present in carriers. Conclusions: The lack of systemic oxidative imbalance demonstrated by thiobarbituric acid reactive species is correlated to the observation of normal FoxO3 gene expression in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood. However, an imbalanced antioxidant state was shown by the erythrocyte catalase activity/hemoglobin ratio in beta-thalassemia minor carriers. It would be necessary to study FoxO3 gene expression in reticulocytes to elucidate the role of FoxO3 in this pathology.

Oxidative Stress in the Heart of Rats Infected with Trypanosoma evansi

This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of oxidative stress in the heart tissue of rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi. Rats were divided into 2 groups (A and B) with 12 animals each, and further subdivided into 4 subgroups (A1 and A2, 6 animals/each; and B1 and B2, 6 animals/each). Animals in the groups B1 and B2 were subcutaneously inoculated with T. evansi. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), glutathione S-transferase activity (GST), reduced glutathione activity (GSH), and non-protein thiols (NPSH) in the heart tissue were evaluated. At day 5 and 15 post-infection (PI), an increase in the TBARS levels and a decrease in the SOD activity (P<0.05) were observed. GSH and GST activities were decreased in infected animals at day 15 PI (P<0.05). Considering the proper functioning of the heart, it is possible that the changes in the activity of these enzymes involved in the oxidative stress may be related, at least in part, in the pathophysiology of rats infected with T. evansi.

Effect of Solanum surattense on mitochondrial enzymes in diabetic rats and in vitro glucose uptake activity in L6 myotubes.

Background: S. surattense is widely used in Siddha medicine for various ailments. Objective: The aim was to evaluate the impact of alcoholic leaf‑extract of S. surattense on mitochondrial enzymes in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats and to study the in vitro muscle glucose uptake activity on L6 myotubes. Materials and Methods: The male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of six animals each. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (40 mg/kg body weight). After being confirmed the diabetic rats were treated with alcoholic leaf‑extract of S. surattense (100 mg/kg body weight) for 45 days. The biochemical estimations (liver mitochondrial enzymes, antioxidants, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]) and histopathological studies were performed. Further, the in vitro muscle glucose uptake activity in L6 myotubes and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of glucose transporter‑4 (GLUT‑4) was performed. Results: In diabetic rats, the activities of liver mitochondrial enzymes were found to be significantly lowered. The mitochondrial TBARS level increased, whereas the activities/level of enzymatic and non‑enzymatic antioxidants decreased in diabetic rats. Administration of S. surattense to diabetic rats significantly reversed the above parameters toward normalcy. Furthermore in diabetic rats, the histopathological studies showed growth of adipose tissue and shrinkage of islets in the pancreas, liver showed fatty change with mild inflammation of portal triad, and kidney showed messangial capillary proliferation of glomeruli and fatty infiltration of tubules. Treatment with S. surattense brought back these changes to near normalcy. The extract was analyzed for in vitro muscle glucose uptake activity in L6 myotubes and mRNA expression of GLUT‑4 by semi‑quantitative reverse transcriptase‑polymerase chain reaction. One nano gram per millilitre of S. surattense leaf‑extract gave 115% glucose uptake on L6 myotubes. It also showed elevated levels of GLUT‑4 mRNA transcripts, when compared with control cells. Conclusion: These studies strongly support the anti‑diabetic nature of S. surattense.

Physiological responses of Catla catla larvae fed with Achyranthes aspera seed enriched diet and exposed to UV-B radiation.

The antioxidant and growth stimulating properties of seeds of Achyranthes aspera were evaluated on UV-B irradiated Catla catla (catla) larvae. Catla larvae (initial weight: 1.2 ± 0.01 mg) were fed with four different diets — D1, D2 and D3 containing 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5% seeds of A. aspera and D4, control diet for 35 days. The larvae were then exposed to UV-B radiation (80 µW/cm2) on every alternate day for 20 days. Survival, growth, tissue glutamic oxaloacetic transminase (GOT), tissue glutamate pyruvate transminase (GPT), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were studied in larvae on day-21 of irradiation. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher survival and average weight were found in D3 diet fed fish compared to the other groups. Survival rate was 8-16% higher in seed enriched diet fed groups, compared to the control one. Higher levels of GOT and GPT found in control diet fed larvae showed the degree of tissue damage due to UV-B exposure. Significantly (P < 0.05) lower level of GPT in D3 indicated the UV-B protective effect of the seed of A. Aspera (earlier, the presence of ecdysterone, essential fatty acids and amino acids, polyphenolic compounds, steroids, etc. has been reported from seed). TBARS which indicated the level of tissue lipid peroxidation were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in control group, compared to the other feeding schemes. NOS level was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in D2 and D3, compared to the D1 and control groups. In conclusion, supplementation of A. aspera seed (0.5%) improved the physiological condition (in terms of reduce lipid oxidation and better immune system) and gave bioprotection to catla larvae challenged with UV-B stress.

A Study of Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Enzymes in Normal Pregnancy.

Pregnancy is a physiological state characterized by increased metabolic demand and an increased oxygen requirement. Augmented levels of oxidative stress would be expected because of the increased intake and utilization of oxygen. Evidence of increased oxidative stress in normal pregnancy in comparison with non-pregnant controls was estimated by measuring the levels of lipid peroxidation product Malondialdehyde, antioxidant enzymes like Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase, Glutathione reductase and catalase. It was observed that pregnant women were more susceptible to oxidative damage than nonpregnants as indicated by increased Malondialdehyde and decreased antioxidants.

Study of possible clinical and laboratory predictors of alloimmunization against red blood cell antigens in cancer patients

Background: The inflammatory background of patients influences the process of alloimmunization against red blood cell antigens. Proof of this statement to clinical practice is still lacking. Objective: The aim of this study was to verify whether factors related to disease severity and inflammatory status of cancer patients can predict alloimmunization. Methods: This was a case-control study in which alloimmunized oncologic patients treated between 2009 and 2012 were compared with a non-alloimmunized control group regarding the severity of the disease (metastasis/performance status/body mass index) and C-reactive protein levels. Results: The groups did not differ significantly in terms of C-reactive protein, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG)/Karnofsky performance status, presence of metastasis and body mass index. Conclusion: It is not possible to predict alloimmunization in cancer patients based on severity of illness and inflammatory markers. Strategies of screening patients by phenotyping blood based on these criteria are not justified. .

Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in beta-thalassemia heterozygotes

Background: Several studies have evaluated the oxidant and antioxidant status of thalassemia patients but most focused mainly on the severe and intermediate states of the disease. Moreover, the oxidative status has not been evaluated for the different beta-thalassemia mutations. Objective: To evaluate lipid peroxidation and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity in relation to serum iron and ferritin in beta thalassemia resulting from two different mutations (CD39 and IVS-I-110) compared to individuals without beta-thalassemia. Methods: One hundred and thirty subjects were studied, including 49 who were heterozygous for beta-thalassemia and 81 controls. Blood samples were subjected to screening tests for hemoglobin. Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm mutations for beta-thalassemia, an analysis of thiobarbituric acid reactive species was used to determine lipid peroxidation, and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity evaluations were performed. The heterozygous beta-thalassemia group was also evaluated for serum iron and ferritin status. Results: Thiobarbituric acid reactive species (486.24 ± 119.64 ng/mL) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity values (2.23 ± 0.11 mM/L) were higher in beta-thalassemia heterozygotes compared to controls (260.86 ± 92.40 ng/mL and 2.12 ± 0.10 mM/L, respectively; p-value < 0.01). Increased thiobarbituric acid reactive species values were observed in subjects with the CD39 mutation compared with those with the IVS-I-110 mutation (529.94 ± 115.60 ng/mL and 453.39 ± 121.10 ng/mL, respectively; p-value = 0.04). However, average Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity values were similar for both mutations (2.20 ± 0.08 mM/L and 2.23 ± 0.12 mM/L, respectively; p-value = 0.39). There was no influence of serum iron and ferritin levels on thiobarbituric acid reactive species and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity values. Conclusion: ...

Evaluation of antioxidants and lipid peroxidation status among students.

The study aims to estimate the changes in the plasma levels of lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), non-enzymatic antioxidants: vitamin C and E and enzymatic antioxidant: superoxide dismutase (SOD). The population used were healthy students (100 male, 100 female); mean age 22.4 years, range 18- 25 years. The level of lipid peroxidation was found to be significantly increased among the students which were inversely related to the level of antioxidants (p<0.05). Increased antioxidant levels show a multiple link between fruit and vegetable intake among the study group. Diminished antioxidant status disturbed oxidant-antioxidant balance alleviating oxidative stress state in less fruit and vegetable intake group. Therefore, the alterations in the level of antioxidants in blood plasma could be used as biomarkers for nutritional tribulations.

Os efeitos da ventilação mecânica no estresse oxidativo / The effects of mechanical ventilation on oxidative stress

OBJETIVO: A ventilação mecânica constitui um dos pilares terapêuticos da unidade de terapia intensiva, entretanto, deve-se avaliar os efeitos deletérios por ela ocasionados, logo objetivamos avaliar o estresse oxidativo de pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva submetidos à ventilação mecânica invasiva. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal onde foram incluídos 12 pacientes que estavam em ventilação mecânica invasiva. As coletas sanguíneas (3 mL) foram realizadas no primeiro e último dia em que o paciente estava submetido a ventilação mecânica invasiva e utilizou-se o plasma para avaliação das substâncias que reagem ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e os glóbulos vermelhos para dosagem de superóxido dismutase (SOD) e da catalase. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes apresentaram média de idade de 64,8±17,6 anos; volume corrente de 382±44,5 mL e APACHE II de 15±7. Quando comparado o TBARS inicial e ao final da ventilação houve diferença significativa (3,54±0,74 vs. 4,96±1,47; p=0,04). Em relação às enzimas antioxidantes não houve diferença. Observa-se correlação entre as variáveis PaO2/FiO2 e TBARS (r = 0,4); SOD e PaO2/FiO2 (r = 0,51) e SOD e APACHE II (r = 0,56). Quanto ao desfecho da internação, 6 pacientes foram a óbito. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes submetidos à ventilação mecânica invasiva podem apresentar alteração do estado redox, marcado pelo aumento no TBARS e redução das enzimas antioxidantes.

OBJECTIVE: Mechanical ventilation is a mainstay of therapy in intensive care units; however, its deleterious effects need to be assessed. Therefore, we aimed to assess oxidative stress in patients admitted to an intensive care unit undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 12 invasive mechanical ventilation patients. Blood samples (3 mL) were collected on the first and last days on invasive mechanical ventilation. Thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS) were assessed in plasma, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were assessed in erythrocytes. RESULTS: The mean age was 64.8 ± 17.6 years, the tidal volume (VT) 382 ± 44.5 mL, and the APACHE II score 15 ± 7. When initial and final TBARS were compared, a significant difference was identified (3.54 ± 0.74 vs. 4.96 ± 1.47, p = 0.04). Antioxidant enzymes showed no significant differences. Correlations between PaO2/FiO2 and TBARS (r = 0.4), SOD and PaO2/FiO2 (r = 0.51) and APACHE II and SOD (r = 0.56) were identified. Six patients died. CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation can develop redox state changes, showing increased TBARS and reduced antioxidant enzymes.

Chemopreventive potential of geraniol in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA) induced skin carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice.

The present study investigated the chemopreventive potential of geraniol, an acyclic monoterpene alcohol, by monitoring the tumor incidence and analyzing the status of phase II detoxification agents, lipid peroxidation by products and antioxidants in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced mouse skin carcinogenesis. Skin tumor was developed by painting DMBA (25 μg in 0.1 ml acetone mouse-1) in the shaved back of the mice, twice weekly for 8 weeks. We noticed 100% skin tumor formation in mice treated with DMBA alone. The status of phase II detoxification agents and antioxidants were decreased where as lipid peroxidation by products were increased in tumor bearing mice. Oral administration of geraniol at a dose of 250 mg kg-1 body weight significantly prevented the tumor formation as well as brought back the status of phase II detoxification agents, lipid peroxidation by products and antioxidants to near normal range in DMBA treated mice. Present results suggest that geraniol might have inhibited abnormal cell proliferation occurring in skin carcinogenesis by modulating the activities of phase II detoxification agents and through its free radical scavenging potential.

Effect of gamma radiation on lipids by the TBARS and NMR

The aim of this work was to study the effect of gamma radiation on lipids by TBARS and NMR. The samples of raw whole milk were subjected to gamma radiation from Co60 in doses of 1, 2 and 3 kGy and the production of rancidity was studied through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Thiobarbituric Acid Test (2-TBARS). The TBARS values increased according to the intensity of the radiation dose applied at the samples, demonstrating correlation between the radiation dose and the production of lipid oxidation. This was confirmed by NMR with the formation of peaks of aldehydes and ketones that were small and similar in the doses of 1 and 2 kGy. In the dose of 3 kGy, the total degradation of milk fat was observed. A correlation between the NMR and 2-TBA was detected.

TBARS level in socioeconomical poor rural sickle cell patients of Bilaspur Zone of Chhattisgarh State.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder of hemoglobin synthesis and the oxidative stress has major role in the pathogenesis of SCD. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances formation by lipid peroxidation is a marker of oxidative damage in membrane.The study was under taken to measure the oxidative stress in sickle cell patients of Chhattisgarh rural population because of low natural antioxidants in their diet. The patients of sickle cell anemia group (homozygous, n=9) and sickle cell trait (heterozygous, n=21) shows TBARS level 2.28±0.66μM/l and 2.23±0.7μM/l respectively as compared to control (without S.C.D) 1.25±0.41μM/l. the study shows TBARS concentration is approximately double in sickle cell disease than control.