A disease predictive model based on epidemiological factors for the management of bacterial leaf blight of rice

Abstract Rice is a widely consumed staple food for a large part of the worlds human population. Approximately 90% of the worlds rice is grown in Asian continent and constitutes a staple food for 2.7 billion people worldwide. Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is one of the devastating diseases of rice. A field experiment was conducted during the year 2016 and 2017 to investigate the influence of different meteorological parameters on BLB development as well as the computation of a predictive model to forecast the disease well ahead of its appearance in the field. The seasonal dataset of disease incidence and environmental factors was used to assess five rice varieties/ cultivars (Basmati-2000, KSK-434, KSK-133, Super Basmati, and IRRI-9). The accumulated effect of two year environmental data; maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and rainfall, was studied and correlated with disease incidence. Average temperature (maximum & minimum) showed a negative significant correlation with BLB disease and all other variables; relative humidity, rainfall, and wind speed had a positive correlation with BLB disease development on individual varieties. Stepwise regression analysis was performed to indicate potentially useful predictor variables and to rule out incompetent parameters. Environmental data from the growing seasons of July to October 2016 and 2017 revealed that, with the exception of the lowest temperature, all environmental factors contributed to disease development throughout the cropping season. A disease prediction multiple regression model was developed based on two-year data (Y = 214.3-3.691 Max T-0.508 Min T + 0.767 RH + 2.521 RF + 5.740 WS), which explained 95% variability. This disease prediction model will not only help farmers in early detection and timely management of bacterial leaf blight disease of rice but may also help reduce input costs and improve product quality and quantity. The model will be both farmer and environmentally friendly.

Resumo O arroz é um alimento básico amplamente consumido por grande parte da população humana mundial. Aproximadamente 90% do arroz do mundo é cultivado no continente asiático e constitui um alimento básico para 2,7 bilhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. O crestamento bacteriano das folhas (BLB) causado por Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae é uma das doenças devastadoras do arroz. Um experimento de campo foi realizado durante os anos de 2016 e 2017 para investigar a influência de diferentes parâmetros meteorológicos no desenvolvimento do BLB, bem como o cálculo de um modelo preditivo para prever a doença bem antes de seu aparecimento em campo. O conjunto de dados sazonais de incidência de doenças e fatores ambientais foi usado para avaliar cinco variedades/cultivares de arroz (Basmati-2000, KSK-434, KSK-133, Super Basmati e IRRI-9). O efeito acumulado de dados ambientais de dois anos; temperatura máxima e mínima, umidade relativa do ar, velocidade do vento e precipitação pluviométrica foram estudados e correlacionados com a incidência da doença. A temperatura média (máxima e mínima) apresentou correlação significativa negativa com a doença BLB e todas as outras variáveis; umidade relativa, precipitação e velocidade do vento tiveram uma correlação positiva com o desenvolvimento da doença BLB em variedades individuais. A análise de regressão stepwise foi realizada para indicar variáveis preditoras potencialmente úteis e para descartar parâmetros incompetentes. Os dados ambientais das safras de julho a outubro de 2016 e 2017 revelaram que, com exceção da temperatura mais baixa, todos os fatores ambientais contribuíram para o desenvolvimento da doença ao longo da safra. Um modelo de regressão múltipla de previsão de doença foi desenvolvido com base em dados de dois anos (Y = 214,3-3,691 Max T-0,508 Min T + 0,767 RH + 2,521 RF + 5,740 WS), que explicou 95% de variabilidade. Este modelo de previsão de doenças não só ajudará os agricultores na detecção precoce e gestão atempada da doença bacteriana das folhas do arroz, mas também pode ajudar a reduzir os custos de insumos e melhorar a qualidade e a quantidade do produto. O modelo será agricultor e ambientalmente amigável.

Application of Mendelian randomization analysis in exploring the etiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease / 临床肝胆病杂志

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） is an abnormal lipid metabolic disorder of the liver characterized by accumulation of a large amount of lipids in the liver， and it is currently the most common liver disease around the world. Mendelian randomization （MR） incorporates genomic data into traditional epidemiological study designs to infer the causal relationship between exposure factors and disease risk. In recent years， MR has been widely used in studies on inference of the etiology of NAFLD. This article systematically summarizes the advances in the application of MR in NAFLD research， so as to provide new ideas for understanding the nature of the disease and scientific interventions.

A disease predictive model based on epidemiological factors for the management of bacterial leaf blight of rice / Um modelo preditivo de doenças baseado em fatores epidemiológicos para o manejo da queima bacteriana das folhas do arroz

Rice is a widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population. Approximately 90% of the world's rice is grown in Asian continent and constitutes a staple food for 2.7 billion people worldwide. Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is one of the devastating diseases of rice. A field experiment was conducted during the year 2016 and 2017 to investigate the influence of different meteorological parameters on BLB development as well as the computation of a predictive model to forecast the disease well ahead of its appearance in the field. The seasonal dataset of disease incidence and environmental factors was used to assess five rice varieties/ cultivars (Basmati-2000, KSK-434, KSK-133, Super Basmati, and IRRI-9). The accumulated effect of two year environmental data; maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and rainfall, was studied and correlated with disease incidence. Average temperature (maximum & minimum) showed a negative significant correlation with BLB disease and all other variables; relative humidity, rainfall, and wind speed had a positive correlation with BLB disease development on individual varieties. Stepwise regression analysis was performed to indicate potentially useful predictor variables and to rule out incompetent parameters. Environmental data from the growing seasons of July to October 2016 and 2017 revealed that, with the exception of the lowest temperature, all environmental factors contributed to disease development throughout the cropping season. A disease prediction multiple regression model was developed based on two-year data (Y = 214.3-3.691 Max T-0.508 Min T + 0.767 RH + 2.521 RF + 5.740 WS), which explained 95% variability. This disease prediction model will not only help farmers in early detection and timely management of bacterial leaf blight disease of rice but may also help reduce input costs and improve product quality and quantity. The model will be both farmer and environmentally friendly.

O arroz é um alimento básico amplamente consumido por grande parte da população humana mundial. Aproximadamente 90% do arroz do mundo é cultivado no continente asiático e constitui um alimento básico para 2,7 bilhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. O crestamento bacteriano das folhas (BLB) causado por Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae é uma das doenças devastadoras do arroz. Um experimento de campo foi realizado durante os anos de 2016 e 2017 para investigar a influência de diferentes parâmetros meteorológicos no desenvolvimento do BLB, bem como o cálculo de um modelo preditivo para prever a doença bem antes de seu aparecimento em campo. O conjunto de dados sazonais de incidência de doenças e fatores ambientais foi usado para avaliar cinco variedades/cultivares de arroz (Basmati-2000, KSK-434, KSK-133, Super Basmati e IRRI-9). O efeito acumulado de dados ambientais de dois anos; temperatura máxima e mínima, umidade relativa do ar, velocidade do vento e precipitação pluviométrica foram estudados e correlacionados com a incidência da doença. A temperatura média (máxima e mínima) apresentou correlação significativa negativa com a doença BLB e todas as outras variáveis; umidade relativa, precipitação e velocidade do vento tiveram uma correlação positiva com o desenvolvimento da doença BLB em variedades individuais. A análise de regressão stepwise foi realizada para indicar variáveis preditoras potencialmente úteis e para descartar parâmetros incompetentes. Os dados ambientais das safras de julho a outubro de 2016 e 2017 revelaram que, com exceção da temperatura mais baixa, todos os fatores ambientais contribuíram para o desenvolvimento da doença ao longo da safra. Um modelo de regressão múltipla de previsão de doença foi desenvolvido com base em dados de dois anos (Y = 214,3-3,691 Max T-0,508 Min T + 0,767 RH + 2,521 RF + 5,740 WS), que explicou 95% de variabilidade. Este modelo de previsão de doenças não só ajudará os agricultores na detecção precoce e gestão atempada da doença bacteriana das folhas do arroz, mas também pode ajudar a reduzir os custos de insumos e melhorar a qualidade e a quantidade do produto. O modelo será agricultor e ambientalmente amigável.

Saber lo que se Mide: Recomendaciones sobre Tipos de Variables y su Operacionalización / Realizing what is Measured: Recommendations on Types of Variables and their Operationalization

Este artículo se enfoca en entregar una guía el la clasificación y la operacionalización de variables en las ciencias de la rehabilitación. Destaca la diversidad de variables cualitativas y cuantitativas en este ámbito, resaltando la complejidad asociada con la medición de la funcionalidad humana. La clasificación precisa de estas variables proporciona un marco conceptual sólido para la elección adecuada de métodos de medición. Se examina a fondo el proceso de operacionalización, enfatizando la necesidad de traducir conceptos abstractos en medidas observables. La distinción entre variables conceptuales y operacionales se subraya como crucial para garantizar la validez en investigación y práctica clínica. En conclusión, el artículo destaca la importancia de la claridad conceptual y la aplicación rigurosa de la operacionalización de variables en la rehabilitación, no solo para mejorar la toma de decisiones clínicas, sino también para contribuir al avance del conocimiento en este campo, fortaleciendo la base teórica y práctica de las ciencias de la rehabilitación.

This article delves into classification of variables and their operationalization within the context of rehabilitation sciences. Exploring the intricate landscape of qualitative and quantitative variables inherent in this field, the study emphasizes the complexities associated with measuring human functionality. Precise classification of these variables establishes a robust conceptual framework for the judicious selection of measurement methods. The operationalization process is examined in-depth, underscoring the imperative to translate abstract concepts into observable metrics. The pivotal distinction between conceptual and operational variables is highlighted as crucial for ensuring validity in both research and clinical practice. In conclusion, the article underscores the significance of conceptual clarity and rigorous application of variable operationalization in rehabilitation, not only to enhance clinical decision-making but also to contribute to advancing knowledge in the field, fortifying the theoretical and practical foundation of rehabilitation sciences.

PCorteSoft - Sistema para la determinación del punto de corte óptimo en escalas predictivas y la categorización de variables continuas

Al desarrollar modelos de predicción para su aplicación en la práctica clínica, los profesionales de la salud suelen categorizar las variables clínicas que son de naturaleza continua. En muchas ocasiones estos modelos constituyen la base para la confección de escalas predictivas, a partir de las cuales se estratifica a los pacientes en varias categorías atendiendo al fenómeno estudiado. En estos casos se requiere la determinación de uno o varios puntos de cortes que permitan dividir el recorrido de la variable, variables continuas o puntuaciones de una escala, en dos o más categorías. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo la automatización de diferentes métodos para dicotomizar variables continuas en modelos de predicción clínica, donde la variable respuesta es dicotómica, y determinar el punto de corte óptimo en la estratificación de pacientes en dos categorías, a partir de escalas de predicción. Para ello se elaboró un software en el lenguaje de programación R, que implementa diferentes métodos para la determinación del punto de corte óptimo, lo cual agiliza el trabajo investigativo de los especialistas de salud en el proceso de elaboración de modelos predictivos y/o escalas de predicción.

When developing predictive models for application in clinical practice, health professionals often categorize clinical variables that are continuous in nature. In many cases, these models are the basis for the development of predictive scales from which patients are stratified into various categories according to the phenomenon under study. In both cases, it is necessary to determine one or more cut-off points that allow dividing the path of the variable, continuous variables, or scores of a scale into two or more categories. The aim of the present work is to automate different existing methods for dichotomizing continuous variables in clinical prediction models where the response variable is dichotomous, as well as to determine the optimal cut-off point for stratifying patients into two categories, based on prediction scales. For this purpose, a software was developed in the R programming language, which implements different existing methods for the determination of the optimal cut-off point, speeding up the research work of health specialists in the process of developing predictive models and/or prediction scales.

Space-time patterns and drivers of migrant bird communities in coastal Piauí State, Brazil

Introduction: Migration is a natural phenomenon that includes annual movements of many bird species in response to seasonal cycles. With approximately one third of all living bird species, South America has an important avifauna, and many migrants land in Brazil at stopping points and wintering sites. Objective: To identify associations between migrant birds and coastal vegetation, and environmental influence of on migration. Methods: At 10 points along the coast of Piauí State, Brazil, we made visual censuses and mist net captures, between April 2009 and February 2016. Results: We identified 82 migrant bird species (13 orders; 28 families) that represented 41 intracontinental migrating species, 26 northern visiting species, 14 nomad species and one vagrant species. The richness peaks were at the beginning and end of both dry and rainy seasons, matching insolation and atmospheric pressure. There were spatial pattern differences among vegetation complexes. Chrysolampis mosquitus is an indicator of caatinga vegetation, Numenius phaeopus of wetland, Charadrius collaris of non-flooding fields, Rostrhamus sociabilis of forest-grassland transition, and Columbina picui of orchards. Despite differences in number and species composition within vegetation types, the temporal pattern in species richness was similar among flooded fields, non-flooded fields, and transition grassland categories. Conclusions: Migrant birds occupy specific environments during their permanence along the coast of Piauí State, with richness matching insolation and atmospheric pressure.

Introducción: La migración es un fenómeno natural que incluye los movimientos anuales de muchas especies de aves en respuesta a los ciclos estacionales. Con aproximadamente un tercio de todas las especies de aves conocidas, América del Sur tiene una avifauna importante y muchas aves migratorias tienen puntos de parada e invernada en Brasil. Objetivo: Identificar asociaciones entre las aves migratorias y la vegetación costera, y la influencia del medio ambiente en la migración. Métodos: En 10 puntos a lo largo de la costa del Estado de Piauí, Brasil, realizamos censos visuales y capturas con redes de niebla, entre abril 2009 y febrero 2016. Resultados: Identificamos 82 especies de aves migratorias (13 órdenes; 28 familias) que representaron 41 especies migratorias intracontinentales, 26 especies visitantes del norte, 14 especies nómadas y una especie vagante. Los picos de riqueza se dieron al principio y al final de las estaciones seca y lluviosa, coincidiendo con la insolación y la presión atmosférica. Hubo diferencias en el patrón espacial entre los complejos de vegetación. Chrysolampis mosquitus es un indicador de vegetación de caatinga, Numenius phaeopus de humedales, Charadrius collaris de campos que no se inundan, Rostrhamus sociabilis de transición bosque-pastizales y Columbina picui de huertos. A pesar de las diferencias en el número y composición de especies dentro de los tipos de vegetación, el patrón temporal en la riqueza de especies fue similar entre las categorías de campos inundados, campos no inundados y pastizales de transición. Conclusiones: Las aves migratorias ocupan ambientes específicos durante su permanencia a lo largo de la costa del estado de Piauí, con una riqueza acorde con la insolación y la presión atmosférica.

Variables asociadas a morbimortalidad precoz por infarto agudo de miocardio en unidad coronaria de Matanzas

Introducción: Dentro de las enfermedades cardiovasculares, el infarto agudo de miocardio es una de las causas de muerte más importante en Cuba, con tendencia creciente en el período 2019-2020. Objetivo: Identificar las variables asociadas a la morbimortalidad precoz por infarto agudo de miocardio, en la unidad coronaria del Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández, en el período 2019-2020. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal que incluyó a 150 pacientes. Se analizaron variables cualitativas y cuantitativas, se aplicó el Chi-cuadrado o t de Student, y se realizó regresión logística binaria. Se empleó un nivel de significación estadístico de p < 0,05. Resultados: El 27 % de los pacientes presentaron complicaciones, y la mortalidad fue del 6 %. Las variables que se relacionaron con las complicaciones fueron la edad de 60 años o más (OR = 3,27; p = 0,004), la localización del infarto en cara anterior (OR = 2,63; p = 0,013) y la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo menor del 40 % (OR = 4,82; p = 0,005). Conclusiones: La edad avanzada, la localización del infarto en cara anterior y la disfunción ventricular sistólica se asociaron a una morbimortalidad precoz superior.

Introduction: Within cardiovascular diseases, acute myocardial infarction is one of the most important causes of death in Cuba, with a growing trend in the period 2019-2020. Objective: To identify the variables associated with early morbidity and mortality due to acute myocardial infarction, in the coronary unit of the Clinical Surgical University Hospital Faustino Pérez Hernández, in the period 2019-2020. Materials and methods: Observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study that included 150 patients. Qualitative and quantitative variables were analyzed, Chi-square or T-student tests were applied to them, and a binary logistic regression was performed. A statistical significance level of p<0.05 was used. Results: 27 % of the patients presented complications, and mortality was 6%. The variables that were related to complications were age 60 years or older (OR=3.27; p=0.004), location of the infarct on the anterior wall (OR=2.63; p=0.013) and the left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40% (OR=4.82, p=0.005). Conclusions: Advanced age, location of the infarct on the anterior wall, and systolic ventricular dysfunction were associated with higher early morbidity and mortality.

Assess the Depression and Quality of Life among Women Suffering from Selected Gynaecological Cancers Attending Oncology Units of Selected Hospitals

Backgrounds: Gynecological cancers are significant and probable life-threatening diseases that harm patients' physical and psychological health. The leading cause of death in female抯 psychological problems like depression endure and can cause an extra burden during their treatment. Therefore, this study helps evaluate depression and well-being among gynaecological malignancies. Methods: Women's depression was evaluated by a standardized CES-D Scale and QOL by WHOQOL Bref scale, a sample of 100 women with cancers admitted at HSK and Kerudi cancer hospital, Bagalkot was selected using a purposive sampling technique, descriptive survey design was adopted. Statistical data were tested and scrutinized using descriptive and inferential analysis. Results: 100% of women had moderate depression. The mean percentage of depression score was 61.45% with mean and SD (37�9). Of the women, 71 % had moderate, 21%had poor, and 8% had good QOL. The mean percentage of QOL of women was 48.1% with mean and SD (62.5�.1). A Strong relation was found between depression scores with your family members known to you (?=4.52, p<0.05), Area of residence (?=3.88, p<0.05), and whether you have undergone previously any surgery for the treatment of cancer (?=8.93, p<0.05). No association was found between QOL scores with study variables. A Negative correlation (r=-0.27, p<.05) was found between depression and Total QOL scores. Conclusion: Most patients have moderate depression and moderate QOL. This study is effective in identifying depression and QOL

Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Early Identification and Prevention of Thyroid Disorders among Women

Background: One of the utmost prominent illnesses in India is thyroid disease, and it has a significant impact on women of childbearing age. Various metabolic processes are regulated by the thyroid gland. Therefore, any abnormalities in this organ may cause those physiological functions to become dysfunctional. The postpartum period and pregnancy both frequently include thyroid problems. Method: Total 50 women are included as the sample. A convenient sampling method was used. A structured knowledge questionnaire was used to gather information, and Chi-square analysis was used to uncover the relationship between knowledge about thyroid disorders with socio-demographic factors. Result: The post-test results show that 50% of women were having good knowledge and 42% of women were having average knowledge. According to the pre-test, (68%) of women had inadequate knowledge and (32%) average knowledge. The computed knowledge 憈�-value (14.05) for the degree of freedom 49 and 0.05% level of significance was considerably greater than the table value (1.96). As a result, the planned teaching method worked. Conclusion: After evaluation of knowledge on the subject of thyroid disorders, it was found that most women had average knowledge regarding thyroid disorders. As a result, research has shown that STP was quite helpful in raising women's awareness of thyroid issues.

Evaluación de los indicadores demográficos de Pocillopora (Scleractinia: Pocilloporidae) en sitios insulares vs. costeros: implicaciones para un programa de restauración regional

Introducción: El mantenimiento de las comunidades coralinas depende directamente de la capacidad de los individuos para crecer como colonia. Dado que el crecimiento forma la base de la estructura física del arrecife, determinar la tasa de crecimiento de las especies de corales constructores y su respuesta a las variaciones ambientales nos permitirá identificar su potencial particular para implementar estrategias de restauración más efectivas. Objetivo: Determinar la tasa de crecimiento del coral constructor de arrecifes Pocillopora en todo el Pacífico Central Mexicano (PCM) y su relación con las fluctuaciones en las condiciones ambientales. Métodos: De agosto de 2019 a octubre de 2020, se monitorearon y trasplantaron un total de 153 fragmentos de coral ramificado del género Pocillopora como parte del programa de restauración en diferentes sitios de la PCM: Parque Nacional Islas Marietas y en la Caleta de Cuastecomates. Se calculó el crecimiento del coral (cm·año-1) y sobrevivencia (%), y se correlacionó con la temperatura, PAR y Kd490 para cada localidad. Resultados: Patrones similares en los parámetros examinados entre los fragmentos de coral fueron encontrados para todos los sitios, con un rango de sobrevivencia de 61.6 - 68 %, cuya mortalidad estuvo relacionada principalmente con huracanes y tormentas que afectaron la región. Sin embargo, la tasa de crecimiento oscila entre 2.0 - 8.0 cm·año-1, sin diferencias significativas entre localidades. Además, no se registraron diferencias en las condiciones ambientales entre las localidades. Conclusiones: Los corales ramificados del género Pocillopora presentan una tasa de crecimiento similar en sitios insulares y costeros de la PCM, por lo que se podría esperar que la implementación de un programa de restauración en toda esta región del Pacífico Mexicano sería potencialmente exitoso, ya que, las condiciones ambientales locales no son factores limitantes.

Introduction: The maintenance of the coral communities depends directly on the capacity of the individuals to grow as a whole colony. Since growth shapes the basis of the physical structure of the reef, determining the growth rate of builder coral-species and their response to environmental variations will allow us to identify their particular potential to implement more effective restoration strategies. Objective: To determine the growth rate of the reef-building coral Pocillopora throughout the Mexican Central Pacific (PCM) and its relationship with fluctuations in environmental conditions. Methods: From August 2019 - October 2020, a total of 153 branched coral fragments of the genus Pocillopora were monitored and transplanted as part of the restoration program in different PCM locations: Islas Marietas National Park and in the Caleta de Cuastecomates. Coral growth (cm·year-1) and survival rate (%), was calculated and correlated with temperature, PAR and Kd490 for each locality. Results: The results show similar patterns in the parameters examined among the coral fragments were found for all sites, with a survival range of 61.6 - 68 %, whose mortality was mainly related to hurricanes and storms that affected the region. However, growth rate range from 2.0 - 8.0 cm·year-1, with no significant differences between locations. Also, no differences in environmental conditions between locations were recorded. Conclusions: The branching corals of the genus Pocillopora present a similar growth rate in insular and coastal sites of the PCM, so it could be expected that the implementation of a restoration program throughout this region of the Mexican Pacific would be potentially successful, since local environmental conditions are not limiting factors.

Design of Exercise Device for Older Adults / Diseño de Dispositivo para Ejercitación de Adultos Mayores

ABSTRACT Older adults should perform physical activity to improve cardiorespiratory functions. Aerobic exercises improve cardiovascular function, decrease basal heart rate and blood pressure, and improve mood and energy. To facilitate the execution of aerobic physical activity in older adults, the objective of this research was to design an exercise device for older adults. Starting from design specifications such as comfort, size, weight, resistance, and cost, we developed the detailed design of a horizontal bicycle. The designed device, thanks to its horizontally disposed structure, its adequate resistance to pedaling, its dimensioning based on anthropometric measurements of the Chilean population, and the disposition of sensors for heart rate and oxygen saturation, is suitable for older adults. Its weight and size also make it convenient for use inside the home, and the use of materials, components, and manufacturing processes available nationally and within the cheapest options, increases the possibility of access by older adults.

RESUMEN Es fundamental que los adultos mayores realicen actividad física para mejorar las funciones cardiorrespiratorias, particularmente los ejercicios aeróbicos mejoran la función cardiovascular, disminuyen la frecuencia cardíaca basal y la tensión arterial, además de mejorar su estado de ánimo y energía. Con la finalidad de facilitar la ejecución de actividad física del tipo aeróbica en adultos mayores, se planteó el objetivo de este trabajo, centrado en diseñar un dispositivo para su ejercitación. Partiendo de especificaciones de diseño como comodidad, tamaño, peso, resistencia y costo, se desarrolló el diseño de detalle de una bicicleta horizontal. El dispositivo diseñado, gracias a la disposición horizontal de la estructura, la resistencia adecuada al pedaleo, su dimensionamiento con base a medidas antropométricas de población chilena, y la disposición de sensores para heart rate and oxygen saturation, es adecuado para adultos mayores. Además, su peso y tamaño lo hacen conveniente para el uso dentro de las viviendas, del mismo modo, el uso de los materiales, componentes y proceso de manufactura disponibles nacionalmente y dentro de las opciones más económicas, aumentan la posibilidad de acceso por parte de los adultos mayores.

Design of a regression model to predict the presence of depression during pregnancy based on emotional intelligence, parental care, anxiety and stress / Diseño de un modelo de regresión para predecir la presencia de la depresión durante el embarazo a partir de la inteligencia emocional, el cuidado parental, la ansiedad y el estrés

Background: Emotion regulation involves the modulation of emotional experiences to facilitate goal attainment. Conversely, emotional difficulties are a pattern of emotional experiences and expressions that interfere with goal-directed behavior. Objectives: Design a new model to predict the presence of depression in women during pregnancy. Methods: Non-experimental, cross-sectional, explanatory study of depression in women during pregnancy (logistic regression) considering the variables emotional intelligence, parental care, anxiety and stress. The sample consisted of 273 pregnant women-mothers between 14 and 38 weeks pregnant, aged between 18 and 38 years, for a mean of 25.67 years (SD= 5.8). Results: The regression model is valid and significant in predicting the probability of occurrence of depression, explaining 82.4% of the variance of DV (Presence of depression) by the variables age, clarity and repair of depression dimensions. emotional intelligence, the maternal and paternal overprotection dimensions, and paternal care of the parental style variables; stress, work and single marital status. There is a 95.2% probability of success in the depression result when each of the model variables is incorporated. Conclusions: The best predictors of depression in pregnancy would be, on the one hand, higher levels or values of the variables and indicators age, reparation, maternal overprotection, paternal care, and stress, and on the other hand, low scores in the dimensions and values of clarity variables, and paternal overprotection; added to whether the woman works and is single. This combination of variables would be the individual and contextual conditions that influence said appearance.

Introducción: La depresión perinatal se ha definido como la presencia de episodios depresivos mayores o menores durante el período gestacional y/o durante el primer año posparto. La depresión durante el embarazo afecta alrededor de un 13% de las mujeres embarazadas a nivel mundial y en un 10% en la población chilena con consecuencias significativas para la mujer, su hijo y su familia. Objetivo: Diseñar un nuevo modelo para predecir la presencia de depresión en mujeres durante el embarazo. Método: Estudio no experimental, transversal, de tipo explicativo de la depresión en mujeres durante el embarazo (regresión logística) considerando las variables inteligencia emocional, cuidado parental, ansiedad y estrés. La muestra estuvo conformada por 273 mujeres-madres gestantes entre 14 y 38 semanas de embarazo, con edades entre 18 y 38 años, para una media de 25.67 años (SD= 5.8). Resultados: El modelo de regresión es válido y significativo en la predicción de las probabilidades de ocurrencia de la depresión, explicando el 82,4% de la varianza de la VD (Presencia de la depresión) por las variables edad, las dimensiones claridad y reparación de la inteligencia emocional, las dimensiones sobreprotección materna y paterna, cuidado paterno de las variables estilo parental; estrés, trabajo y estado civil soltera. Hay un 95.2% de probabilidad de acierto en el resultado de la depresión cuando se incorpora cada una de las variables del modelo. Conclusiones: Los mejores predictores de la depresión en el embarazo serían por una parte mayores niveles o valores de las variables e indicadores edad, reparación, sobreprotección materna, cuidado paterno y estrés, y por otra parte puntajes bajos en las dimensiones y valores de variables claridad, y sobreprotección paterna; sumado a si la mujer trabaja y es soltera. Esta combinación de las variables serían las condiciones tanto individuales como contextuales que influyen en dicha aparición.

Diseño de un modelo de regresión para predecir la presencia de la depresión durante el embarazo a partir de la inteligencia emocional, el cuidado parental, la ansiedad y el estrés

Introducción: La depresión perinatal se ha definido como la presencia de episodios depresivos mayores o menores durante el período gestacional y/o durante el primer año posparto. La depresión durante el embarazo afecta alrededor de un 13% de las mujeres embarazadas a nivel mundial y en un 10% en la población chilena con consecuencias significativas para la mujer, su hijo y su familia. Objetivo: Diseñar un nuevo modelo para predecir la presencia de depresión en mujeres durante el embarazo. Método: Estudio no experimental, transversal, de tipo explicativo de la depresión en mujeres durante el embarazo (regresión logística) considerando las variables inteligencia emocional, cuidado parental, ansiedad y estrés. La muestra estuvo conformada por 273 mujeres-madres gestantes entre 14 y 38 semanas de embarazo, con edades entre 18 y 38 años, para una media de 25.67 años (SD= 5.8). Resultados: El modelo de regresión es válido y significativo en la predicción de las probabilidades de ocurrencia de la depresión, explicando el 82,4% de la varianza de la VD (Presencia de la depresión) por las variables edad, las dimensiones claridad y reparación de la inteligencia emocional, las dimensiones sobreprotección materna y paterna, cuidado paterno de las variables estilo parental; estrés, trabajo y estado civil soltera. Hay un 95.2% de probabilidad de acierto en el resultado de la depresión cuando se incorpora cada una de las variables del modelo. Conclusiones: Los mejores predictores de la depresión en el embarazo serían por una parte mayores niveles o valores de las variables e indicadores edad, reparación, sobreprotección materna, cuidado paterno y estrés, y por otra parte puntajes bajos en las dimensiones y valores de variables claridad, y sobreprotección paterna; sumado a si la mujer trabaja y es soltera. Esta combinación de las variables serían las condiciones tanto individuales como contextuales que influyen en dicha aparición.

Background: Emotion regulation involves the modulation of emotional experiences to facilitate goal attainment. Conversely, emotional difficulties are a pattern of emotional experiences and expressions that interfere with goal-directed behavior. Objectives: Design a new model to predict the presence of depression in women during pregnancy. Methods: Non-experimental, cross-sectional, explanatory study of depression in women during pregnancy (logistic regression) considering the variables emotional intelligence, parental care, anxiety and stress. The sample consisted of 273 pregnant women-mothers between 14 and 38 weeks pregnant, aged between 18 and 38 years, for a mean of 25.67 years (SD= 5.8). Results: The regression model is valid and significant in predicting the probability of occurrence of depression, explaining 82.4% of the variance of DV (Presence of depression) by the variables age, clarity and repair of depression dimensions. emotional intelligence, the maternal and paternal overprotection dimensions, and paternal care of the parental style variables; stress, work and single marital status. There is a 95.2% probability of success in the depression result when each of the model variables is incorporated. Conclusions: The best predictors of depression in pregnancy would be, on the one hand, higher levels or values of the variables and indicators age, reparation, maternal overprotection, paternal care, and stress, and on the other hand, low scores in the dimensions and values of clarity variables, and paternal overprotection; added to whether the woman works and is single. This combination of variables would be the individual and contextual conditions that influence said appearance.

Resilience, self-efficacy and motivation as positive psychological characteristics of student and professional dancers / Resiliência, autoeficácia e motivação como características psicológicas positivas de bailarinos alunos e profissionais

ABSTRACT This study aimed at assessing the following psychological variables: resilience, self-efficacy and motivation. A total of 135 dancers participated in the study, that is, 112 students from the Brazilian dance school known as Escola de Dança do Teatro Guaíra, 15 professional dancers from the school referred to as Balé Teatro Guaíra, and 08 professional dancers from the school named G2 Cia de Dança. The evaluation of the psychological variables was carried out by using four questionnaires: Resilience Scale (RS), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), Self-Efficacy Scale for Dancers (SESD), and Sport Motivation Scale-II (SMS-II). The Hierarchical Cluster Analysis with the Ward's method and Mann-Whitney test were used for assessing the data. The results showed that students and professionals have similar levels of motivation, but divergent ones regarding friendship, personal fulfilment, satisfaction, meaning of life and self-confidence, ability to adapt to situations of resilience, and psychological self-efficacy. The Cluster Analysis enabled the researchers to organize the group of student dancers with similar characteristics into three clusters, that is, 'predominant', 'intermediate' and 'minority', whereas the group of professional dancers was divided into two groups, 'minor and 'major''. It was concluded that both student dancers and professional ones showed high values of resilience, self-efficacy and motivation. These results highlight that dance has an important role in the construction of a positive psychological profile.

RESUMO Esta pesquisa analisou as seguintes variáveis psicológicas: resiliência, autoeficácia e motivação. Um total de 135 bailarinos participou do estudo, isto é, 112 alunos da Escola de Dança do Teatro Guaíra, 15 bailarinos profissionais do Balé Teatro Guaíra e 08 bailarinos profissionais do G2 Cia de Dança. A avaliação das variáveis psicológicas foi realizada por meio de quatro questionários: Escala de Resiliência (ES), Escala de Autoeficácia Geral Percebida (EAGP), Escala de Autoeficácia para Bailarinos (AEBAI) e Escala de Motivação para o Esporte II (SMS-II). Para análise de dados utilizou-se a Análise de Clusters hierárquica com o Método de Ward e o Teste de Mann-Whitney. Os resultados mostraram que alunos e profissionais possuem níveis semelhantes para a motivação, todavia distintos com relação às categorias de amizade, realização pessoal, satisfação, significado de vida e autoconfiança, capacidade de adaptação a situações da resiliência e autoeficácia psicológica. A Análise de Clusters possibilitou organizar o grupo de bailarinos alunos com características semelhantes em três clusters, isto é, "predominante", "intermediário" e "minoritário", enquanto que o grupo de bailarinos profissionais foi dividido em dois grupos, isto é, "menor" e "maior". Concluiu-se que tanto bailarinos alunos e profissionais da dança apresentaram altos índices de resiliência, autoeficácia e motivação. Estes resultados permitem afirmar que a dança têm um papel importante na construção de um perfil psicológico positivo.

Clinical characteristics and variables associated with COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in Luanda, Angola, in the first year of the pandemic

Background: The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Africa is still unclear. In comparison to Europe and North America, morbidity and death rates are lower. Several factors have been proposed, including geographical variation in virus impact, environmental factors, differences in age distribution, and the impact of infectious diseases such as malaria, HIV infection and tuberculosis. Objectives: We investigated the clinical characteristics and putative determinants linked with COVID-19 in Angolan patients. Methods: Cross-sectional study undertaken at Military Hospital, Luanda, from March 2020 to March 2021. The survey collected sociodemographic and clinical information. Results: The sample included 1,683 patients aged ≥18 years, 64% men, with mean age of 46.3 years. SARS-CoV-2 was positive in 39% of the cases with RT-PCR. Patients ≥46 years with a level of education of ≥12 years had a considerably higher likelihood of testing positive. About 58% of positive patients had at least one comorbidity, of which hypertension and Diabetes were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. HIV and pulmonary TB were putative protective factors. About 14% of positive patients died. Most deaths occurred in patients ≥46 years, with less education and unemployed. Working as a healthcare practitioner was linked to a protective effect. Malignant diseases were the most common comorbidities associated with death. Conclusions: We identified putative factors related to SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality. HIV and TB were protective and not associated with mortality. Further study with a broader scope should be conducted to explain the main features related to COVID-19 mortality in Angola

EVALUATION OF SERUM C REACTIVE PROTEIN IN ACUTE APPENDICITIS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH HISTOPATHOLOGY

Background: Acute appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency, but its diagnosis remains an enigmatic challenge, plagued by a high rate of negative explorations. There is no single reliable test with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity. Ultrasonography is not often available at a rural surgical setup. This study is intended to evaluate the importance Aim: of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level estimation in diagnosis of acute appendicitis, by comparing with histopathology report. In a Methods: prospective study,100 patients clinically diagnosed as acute appendicitis were selected by purposive sampling method and evaluated as per criteria for serum CRP levels, leucocyte count preoperatively and were followed up postoperatively with histopathology reports. The data was analysed for finding the significance of serum CRP in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. CRP was positive in 75 of the 77 patients who Results: had histologically proven acute appendicitis and in 3 with normal appendix. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were 97.4%, 86.96% and 95% respectively. Leucocytosis and neutrophilia when used alone were not specific for acute appendicitis, but when combined with CRP value, diagnostic accuracy was high. Ultrasonography was useful in establishing alternative diagnoses, but had low sensitivity for acute appendicitis. CRP contains important diagnostic information and hence should always Interpretation & Conclusion: be included in the diagnostic workup of acute appendicitis. Since acute appendicitis is very unlikely in those patients with normal WBC count and CRP value, conservative treatment is advised.This study does not undercut the skill of an experienced surgeon in diagnosing acute appendicitis, but CRP estimation compliments clinical diagnosis.

Use of Mobile Technologies for Driving, Road Accidents, Health, and Psychological Variables in Colombian Drivers / Uso de Tecnologias Móviles para la Conducción, Accidentabilidad Vial, Salud y Variables Psicológicas en Conductores Colombianos

Abstract The aim of this investigation is to show the relationships between the use of Mobile Driving Applications and Devices (MDAD) with self-reported road accidents, anger, physical health, and subjective wellbeing, in three types of Colombian drivers. The sample is non-randomized (n = 1149) and 93.2% are male drivers. Results showed that (a) for professional drivers, there is an inverse correlation between the use of MDAD with lower driving frequency during weekdays and a higher educational level, (b) for occasional drivers, GPS use was directly associated with fatal road accidents and low driving frequency during weekdays, (C) for private drivers, correlations were found between MDAD broader usage, higher levels of both aggression and perceived driving difficulty as well as physical health problems mainly hypertension and diabetes. It is necessary to conduct in-depth research on MDAD uses, health, and driving styles, by controlling social desirability.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación es mostrar las relaciones entre el uso de Dispositivos y Aplicaciones Móviles para la Conducción (DAMC) con la accidentalidad vial auto reportada, la ira, la salud física y el bienestar subjetivo, en tres tipos de conductores colombianos. La muestra es no aleatoria (n = 1149) y el 93.2% son conductores varones. Los resultados muestran que (a) en conductores profesionales, hay una correlación inversa entre el uso de DAMC con una menor fre-cuencia de conducción entre semana y con un mayor nivel educativo, (b) en conductores ocasionales, mayor uso de GPS asociado con accidentes fatales y con menor frecuencia de conducción entre semana, (C) en conductores particulares, mayor uso de DAMC relacionado con niveles más altos de agresividad y de dificultad percibida para conducir, y con más problemas de salud -principalmente hipertensión y diabetes. Es necesario realizar investigaciones en profundidad acerca de los usos de DAMC, salud y estilos de conducción, mediante el control de la deseabilidad social.

Digital Competence Among Research Scholars In Relation To Their Academic Achievement And Selected Demographic Variables

In the present study digital competence and academic achievement of 100 research scholars of various streams of Punjabi University, Patiala were studied. Teachers' Digital Competence Scale by Ramkrishna (2017) was used to collect the data pertaining to the digital competence of research scholars and one demographic data sheet developed by the investigators was used to collect information about gender, stream of study, experience of research work and academic achievement. Gathered data were analyzed by using the statistical techniques. The results show that the level of digital competence of research scholars has various levels and no research scholar possess high level of digital competence. Academic achievement of research scholars has also various levels. There is no significant difference in digital competence of research scholars with regard to gender and research experience. There is significant difference in digital competence of research scholars with regard to stream of study. Research scholars from the stream of education and languages are less competent in digitalization as compared to the research scholars from the stream of engineering, management & science. Moreover, the high academic achievers are more digitally competent as compared to low academic achievers. Further, there is significant and positive relationship between digital competence and academic achievement. So we conclude that the high digital competence enhance the academic achievement.

No cumplimiento del esquema de vacunación nacional en niños menores de 5 años en la selva peruana en el año 2019

Introducción: Se ha visto un decaimiento de la cobertura de vacunas en niños residentes de Perú, menores de cinco años; siendo la región selva la más afectada. Objetivo: Analizar los factores sociales y maternos asociados al no cumplimiento del esquema nacional de vacunación en menores de cinco años en la selva peruana, año 2019. Métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico y retrospectivo. Se utilizó la base de la Encuesta Demográca y de Salud Familiar (ENDES) Perú, 2019. Se seleccionaron las variables de estudio y se utilizó el programa SPSS 26,0 para el análisis. De 4 373 encuestas seleccionadas se evidenció que el 57,5% de niños menores de cinco años de la selva peruana no cumplieron con el esquema nacional de vacunación (ENV); los factores asociados fueron pobreza (RPa=1,18, p<0,001, IC95% 1,08-1,29), lengua materna nativa (RPa=1,17, p<0,001. IC95% 1,07-1,30), problemas para acudir al centro de salud (RPa=1,09, p=0,036, IC95% 1,04-1,21), edad menor a 24 años de madre/apoderado (RPa=0,78, p<0,001, IC95% 0,68-0,89) y no tener seguro de salud (RPa 1,2; p<0,000, IC95% 1,11-1,29). Conclusión: Los factores de riesgo sociales, pobreza (RPa=1,18, p<0,001, IC95% 1,08-1,29) y lengua materna nativa (RPa=1,17, p<0,001. IC95% 1,07-1,30); y los factores de riesgo maternos, problemas para acudir al centro de salud (RPa=1,09, p=0,036, IC95% 1,04-1,21), edad menor a 24 años de madre/apoderado (RPa=0,78, p<0,001, IC95% 0,68-0,89) y no tener seguro de salud (RPa 1,2; p<0,000, IC95% 1,11-1,29), se asociaron a no cumplimiento del ENV.

Introduction: A decline in vaccine coverage has been seen in children living in Peru, under ve years of age; being the jungle region the most affected. Objective: Analyze the social and maternal factors associated with non-compliance with the national vaccination scheme in children under ve years of age in the Peruvian jungle, year 2019. Methods: Observational, analytical and retrospective study. The base of the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) Peru, 2019 was used. The study variables were selected and the SPSS 26.0 program was used for the analysis. From 4,373 selected surveys, it was shown that 57.5% of children under ve years of age in the Peruvian jungle had non-compliance with the national vaccination scheme (ENV); the associated factors were not having health insurance (RPa 1.2; p<0.000, CI95% 1.11-1.29), poverty (RPa=1.18, p<0.001, CI95% 1.08-1, 29), native mother tongue (RPa=1.17, p<0.001. CI95% 1.07-1.30), problems going to the health center (RPa=1.09, p=0.036, CI95% 1, 04-1.21), and mother/guardian age under 24 years (RPa=0.78, p<0.001, 95% CI 0.68-0.89). Conclusion: The risk factors associated with non-compliance with the ENV were: social, not having health insurance (RPa 1.2; p<0.000, CI95% 1.11-1.29), poverty (RPa=1.18, p< 0.001, 95% CI 1.08-1.29) and native mother tongue (RPa=1.17, p<0.001. 95% CI 1.07-1.30); and maternal, problems going to the health center (RPa=1.09, p=0.036, 95% CI 1.04-1.21), and mother/guardian age under 24 years (RPa=0.78, p <0.001, 95% CI 0.68-0.89).

Fístula arteriovenosa para hemodiálisis en receptores de trasplante renal. Su repercusión clínica, humoral y cardiovascular / Arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis in renal transplant recipients. Clinical, humoral and cardiovascular repercussions

Introducción: La fístula arteriovenosa para hemodiálisis repercute negativamente sobre la hemodinamia, la morfología y las funciones cardíacas. Objetivo: Determinar la repercusión del cierre del acceso vascular sobre variables clínicas, humorales, morfológicas y funcionales del corazón derecho en receptores de trasplante renal. Material y Métodos: Estudio cuasi-experimental longitudinal que incluyó 92 pacientes divididos en dos grupos, experimental (n=46): con cierre del acceso vascular, y de comparación (n=46): sin cierre del angioacceso. Se determinaron variables clínicas, de laboratorio, y ecocardiográficas en dos tiempos: inicial y seis meses posteriores. Resultados: La media de edad en ambos grupos fue de 46,87 ±12,04 y 45,50 ±12,47 años respectivamente. Prevaleció el sexo masculino; 26 (56,52 %) y el color de piel blanca; 34 (73,91 %). Las palpitaciones fueron la manifestación clínica más frecuente con mejoría a la segunda observación en el grupo experimental, al igual que las presiones sistólica y diastólica, así como la creatinina sérica; de 108,24 ±24,53 a 100,00 ±22,35 μMol/L (p=0,004). Las variables mensuradas por ecocardiografía mejoraron en el grupo intervenido respecto al de comparación. Las diferencias final-inicial para las presiones sistólica y media de la arteria pulmonar mostraron relaciones muy significativas (p <0,001) para las fístulas localizadas en la muñeca y en el pliegue del codo izquierdos. Conclusiones: Las variables estudiadas mostraron cambios ostensibles en el grupo experimental respecto al de comparación posterior al cierre de la fístula arteriovenosa sin constatar asociación entre su localización y la severidad de la afectación cardíaca.

Introduction: Arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis has a negative impact on hemodynamics, morphology, and cardiac functions. Objective: To determine the repercussion of vascular access closure on clinical, humoral, morphological and functional variables of the right heart in renal transplant recipients. Material and Methods: Quasi-experimental longitudinal study that included 92 patients divided into two groups: experimental (n=46): with vascular access closure, and comparison (n=46): those who did not have the angioaccess closed. Clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic variables were determined at two points in time: initial and six months later. Results: The mean age in both groups was 46.87 ±12.04 and 45.50 ±12.47 years, respectively. Male sex: 26 (56.52 %), as well as white skin color: 34 (73.91 %), prevailed in the study. Palpitations were the most frequent clinical manifestation with improvement at the second observation in the experimental group, as were systolic and diastolic pressures, as well as serum creatinine: from 108.24 ±24.53 to 100.00 ±22.35 μMol/L (p=0,004). The variables measured by echocardiography improved in the intervention group with respect to the comparison group. The final - initial differences for systolic and mean pulmonary artery pressures showed highly significant relationships (p<0.001) for fistulas located at the left wrist and elbow crease. Conclusions: The variables studied showed ostensible changes in the experimental group with respect to the comparison after closure of the arteriovenous fistula without finding an association between their location and the severity of cardiac involvement.