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1.
Rev. chil. infectol ; Rev. chil. infectol;39(2): 157-165, abr. 2022. mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388353

ABSTRACT

Resumen La brucelosis es una zoonosis desatendida y un problema de salud pública en países en desarrollo, que también causa grandes pérdidas económicas en la ganadería. En México es endémica y Chiapas un estado al sur del país, destaca por la presencia de la enfermedad en humanos. Por medio de la revisión del estado del arte, se encontró que factores como la alta producción de ganado bovino, las limitadas estrategias institucionales de control de la enfermedad en el ganado, la falta de regulación sanitaria del género Brucella en productos lácteos y cárnicos y la ubicación del estado de Chiapas en la frontera con Centroamérica, podrían ser condicionantes para la prevalencia de brucelosis humana en esta región de México.


Abstract Brucellosis is a neglected zoonosis and a public health problem in developing countries that also causes great economic losses in livestock. In Mexico it is endemic and Chiapas, a state in the south of the country, stands out for the presence of the disease in humans. Through the review of the state of the art it was found that factors such as the high production of cattle, the limited institutional strategies to control the disease in livestock, the lack of sanitary regulation of the genus Brucella in dairy and meat products and the location of the state of Chiapas on the border with Central America could be determining factors for the prevalence of human brucellosis in this region of Mexico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Cattle , Brucella , Brucellosis/veterinary , Brucellosis/epidemiology , Zoonoses/epidemiology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Prevalence , Livestock , Mexico/epidemiology
2.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 28(3): 162-166, jul./set. 2021. il.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1366251

ABSTRACT

A suinocultura industrial compreende o conjunto de produtores que incorporam os avanços tecnológicos em genética, nutrição, sanidade e demais aspectos produtivos, enquanto a suinocultura de subsistência desempenha um papel importante para a alimentação humana, sendo a criação de suínos em criatórios amplamente difundida entre os pequenos proprietários de terra ou em assentamentos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a pesquisa de anticorpos contra Brucella sp. nos suínos de granjas comerciais, criatórios de subsistência e javalis asselvajados. Foram visitados 32 criatórios de suínos domésticos localizados na região sul de Mato Grosso do Sul. Considerando-se os fenótipos, verificou-se que os sinais indicativos de contato têm influência do município onde está situada a propriedade (χ2=8.8594, p=0,0029), sendo que o município de Deodápolis tem uma chance de ocorrência mais elevada (OR=13,00;IC95%:2,12-79,59). Através da detecção fenotípicaobserva-sea presença de animais híbridos nas propriedades analisadas, e evidencia-se assim que os animais da propriedade em algum momento entraram em contato com suínos asselvajados, os quais podem ser responsáveis pela disseminação de diversas patologias. A ausência da detecção de anticorpos anti-Brucella sp. em suínos de criatórios sugere que a bactéria não é circulante nas populações de javalis nas áreas de estudo.


Industrial pig farming comprises the group of producers that incorporate technological advances in genetics, nutrition, health and other productive aspects, while subsistence pig farming plays an important role for human nutrition, with the creation of pigs in farms being widely spread among small farms. landowners or settlements. This study aimed to evaluate the search for antibodies against Brucella sp. pigs on commercial farms, livestock farms and wild boars. Were visited 32 domestic swine farms located in the southern region of Mato Grosso do Sul. Considering the phenotypes, it was found that the indicative signs of contact have influence from the municipality where the property is located (χ2=8.8594, p=0.0029) , and the municipality of Deodápolis has a higher chance of occurrence (OR=13,00;IC95%:2,12-79,59). Through the phenotypic detection, the presence of hybrid animals in the analyzed properties is clearly observed, and it is evident that the animals of the property at some point came into contact with pigs, which may be responsible for the spread of several pathogens. The absence of detection of anti-Brucella sp. in breeding pigs it suggests that the bacteria is not circulating in wild boar populations in the study areas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Swine , Brucellosis/veterinary , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Antibodies, Bacterial
3.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 28(3): 151-155, jul./set. 2021. il.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1366554

ABSTRACT

Leptospira spp. and Brucella abortus are bacterial pathogens that can infect humans and animals. The present study aimed to detect anti-Leptospira and anti-B. abortus antibodies and verified the presence of factors associated with seropositivity in cats. One hundred and eighty serum samples were collected from domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) from the urban area of the municipality of Araguaína-Tocantins by phlebocentesis of the cephalic and jugular veins. The samples were subjected to detection of anti-Leptospira and anti-B.abortus antibodies, respectively, by microscopic seroagglutination and buffered acidified antigen testing, followed by confirmation by the 2-mercaptoethanol test and slow seroagglutination in tubes. Data from the epidemiological questionnaire (the age, sex, origin, breed, and presence of clinical signs) were analyzed using Epi Info® software with seropositivity data found to search for associated factors using the chi-square test. In the present study, the prevalence of Leptospira spp. was 5.56% (10/180). However, no sample was reactive to B. abortus. None of the studied variables were associated with seropositivity for the pathogens evaluated. Therefore, there is contact between Leptospira spp. and the feline population of the municipality, indicating the possibility of the circulation of pathogenic serovars and that the presence of anti-Leptospira antibodies does not depend on the variables analyzed.


Leptospira spp. e Brucella abortus são patógenos bacterianos que podem infectar humanos e animais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo detectar anticorpos anti-Leptospira e anti-B.abortus e verificar a presença de fatores associados com a soropositividade em gatos. Foram coletadas 180 amostras de soro de gatos domésticos (Felis silvestris catus) da zona urbana do município de Araguaína-Tocantins por flebocentese das veias cefálica e jugular. As amostras foram submetidas à detecção de anticorpos anti-Leptospira e anti-B. abortus, respectivamente, por soroaglutinação microscópica e teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado, seguido de confirmação pelo teste de 2-mercaptoetanol e soroaglutinação lenta em tubos. Os dados do questionário epidemiológico (idade, sexo, procedência, raça e presença de sinais clínicos) foram analisados no software Epi Info® com os dados de soropositividade encontrados para pesquisa de fatores associados pelo teste do qui-quadrado. No presente estudo, a prevalência de Leptospira spp. foi de 5,56% (10/180). No entanto, nenhuma amostra foi reativa para B. abortus. Nenhuma das variáveis estudadas foi associada com a soropositividade para os patógenos avaliados. Portanto, há contato entre Leptospiraspp. e a população felina do município, indicando a possibilidade de circulação de sorovares patogênicos e que a presença de anticorpos anti-Leptospira independe das variáveis analisadas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Brucellosis/veterinary , Cats/immunology , Leptospira , Antibodies, Bacterial , Brucella , Seroepidemiologic Studies
4.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 28(1): 48-52, jan./mar. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1491700

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of ovine brucellosis using Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques, as well as to identify the main risk factors associated with infection in sheep flocks belonging to municipalities in the microregion from Teresina, PI, Brazil. A total of 100 urine and blood samples were collected from sheep aged 6 months or older. The urine samples were submitted to conventional PCR and the blood samples were examined by the AGID technique. Of the 100 blood samples, 17 (17%) were reactive to the AGID test. In conventional PCR of 100 urine samples, six (6%) were positive. Risk factors associated to infection by B. ovis included the rearing system (OR=0.19), feed management (OR=0.05), presence of dystotic births (OR=4.50), miscarriages (OR=3.75) and source of water offered to the animals (OR=0.19). Thus, it was concluded that it is possible to detect the occurrence of animals with ovine brucellosis since PCR is a reliable method to confirm infection. Furthermore, there are risk factors associated to infection by B. ovis in the municipalities studied.


Objetivou-se verificar a ocorrência da brucelose ovina através das técnicas de Imunodifusão em Gel de Ágar (IDGA) e Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), bem como identificar os principais fatores de risco associados à infecção nos rebanhos ovinos pertencentes a municípios da microrregião de Teresina, PI, Brasil. Foram colhidas 100 amostras de urina e de sangue de ovinos com idade superior ou igual a seis meses. As amostras de urina foram submetidas a PCR convencional e as amostras de sangue à técnica de IDGA. Das 100 amostras de sangue 17 (17%) foram reagentes ao teste de IDGA. Já na PCR convencional das 100 amostras de urina, seis (6%) foram positivas. Ressalta-se que três animais foram positivos em ambos os testes. Como fatores associados à infecção por B. ovis, observou-se o tipo de sistema de criação (OR=0,19), o manejo alimentar (OR=0,05), presença de partos distócicos (OR=4,50), abortamentos (OR=3,75) e a fonte de água fornecida aos animais (OR=0,19). Assim, conclui-se que foi possível detectar a ocorrência de animais com brucelose ovina, uma vez que a PCR é um método confirmatório. Além disso, há fatores de risco associados à infecção por B. ovis nos municípios estudados.


Subject(s)
Animals , Brucella ovis/pathogenicity , Brucellosis/diagnosis , Brucellosis/veterinary , Risk Factors , Immunodiffusion/methods , Immunodiffusion/veterinary , Sheep/microbiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction
5.
Braz. j. microbiol ; Braz. j. microbiol;49(3): 564-568, July-Sept. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951797

ABSTRACT

Abstract The objective of this study was to standardize and validate the dot-blot test for the serological diagnosis of bovine brucellosis, compare the results with those found in the 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) and complement fixation test (CF), and estimate the relative sensitivity and specificity of the dot-blot compared to these tests. Fifty bovine blood serum samples were used for the test standardization, and 1315 samples were used for evaluation and comparison between the tests; the results were compared using the Kappa indicator. At the end of standardization, it was established as optimal for the antigen obtained from Brucella abortus B19 after passing through a microorganism rupture process, the blood serum samples diluted at 1:100, and the conjugate at 1:30,000. The comparison of the dot-blot results with 2-ME showed Kappa index of 0.9939, sensitivity of 99.48%, and specificity 99.91%, with CF, Kappa index of 0.8226, sensitivity 100% and specificity 95.32%. Using the combination of the test results 2-ME and CF to establish the true condition of the animal, the dot-blot showed relative sensitivity of 100%, and relative specificity of 99.91%. The evaluated test proved to be effective and reliable, besides being easy to handle and interpret the results.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Brucella abortus/isolation & purification , Brucellosis/veterinary , Serologic Tests/methods , Cattle Diseases/diagnosis , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Brucella abortus/immunology , Brucellosis/diagnosis , Brucellosis/microbiology , Brucellosis/blood , Serologic Tests/instrumentation , Cattle Diseases/microbiology , Cattle Diseases/blood , Sensitivity and Specificity
6.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; Rev. argent. microbiol;50(3): 255-263, set. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-977240

ABSTRACT

Brucella canis, un patógeno intracelular facultativo, es responsable de la brucelosis canina, una enfermedad zoonótica que afecta a los caninos y al hombre. En los primeros causa abortos y fallas reproductivas; en el ser humano genera síntomas inespecíficos. En el año 2005 se demostró la presencia de B. canis en Antioquia (Colombia). Las cepas halladas se identificaron como tipo 2. La secuenciación del genoma completo de una cepa de campo denominada Brucella canis str. Oliveri mostró indels específicos de especie; a partir de estos se buscó conocer características genómicas de las cepas de B. canis aisladas y establecer relaciones filogenéticas, así como el tiempo de divergencia de la cepa Oliveri. Se realizó PCR convencional y secuenciación de 30 cepas de campo, se identificaron 5 indels reconocidos en B. canis str. Oliveri, se empleó ADN de Brucella suis, Brucella melitensis y cepas vacunales de Brucella abortus como controles. Se determinó que las cepas de campo estudiadas comparten 4 de los 5 indels de la cepa Oliveri, lo que indica la presencia de más de una cepa de B. canis circulando en la región. El análisis filogenético se realizó con 24 cepas de Brucella mediante secuencias concatenadas de genes marcadores de especie. Se probó la hipótesis del reloj molecular y adicionalmente se realizó test de tasas relativas de Tajima. De esta manera se demostró que la cepa Oliveri, al igual que las otras cepas de B. canis analizadas, divergen de B. suis. Se rechazó la hipótesis del reloj molecular entre las especies de Brucella y se demostró una tasa de evolución y una distancia genética similar entre las cepas de B. canis.


Brucella canis is a facultative intracellular pathogen responsible for canine brucellosis, a zoonotic disease that affects canines, causing abortions and reproductive failure; and the production of non-specific symptoms in humans. In 2005 the presence of B. canis in Antioquia was demonstrated and the strains were identified as type 2. The sequencing of the genome of a field strain denoted Brucella canis str. Oliveri, showed species-specific indel events, which led us to investigate the genomic characteristics of the B. canis strain isolated and to establish the phylogenetic relationships and the divergence time of B. canis str. Oliveri. Conventional PCR sequencing was performed in 30 field strains identifying 5 indel events recognized in B. canis str. Oliveri. ADN from Brucella suis, Brucella melitensis and vaccine strains from Brucella abortus were used as control, and it was determined that all of the studied field strains shared 4 out of the 5 indels of the sequenced Oliveri strain, indicating the presence of more than one strain circulating in the region. Phylogenetic analysis was performed with 24 strains of Brucella using concatenated sequences of genetic markers for species differentiation. The molecular clock hypothesis and Tajima's relative rate test were tested, showing that the Oliveri strain, similarly to other canis species, diverged from B. suis. The molecular clock hypothesis between Brucella species was rejected and an evolution rate and a similar genetic distance between the B. canis were demonstrated.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Phylogeny , Genetic Variation , Brucella canis , Brucella abortus , Brucellosis/veterinary , Zoonoses , Brucella melitensis , Brucella canis/isolation & purification , Brucella canis/genetics
7.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; Rev. argent. microbiol;50(3): 285-289, set. 2018. map, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-977245

ABSTRACT

Ovine cattle was introduced into America during the Spanish conquest with the second journey of Columbus to the Antilles and was disseminated throughout the region. In 1587, sheep were introduced into Argentina, later developing into the "Creole" breed. We selected 486 animals from different Argentine provinces with the aim of determining the serological status of brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis and Brucella ovis. For the detection of antibodies against smooth Brucella spp., the Rose Bengal test (RBT) was performed as screening test while the serum agglutination test (SAT) and 2 mercapto-ethanol (2ME) were run as a confirmatory technique. Moreover, for the detection of antibodies against rough Brucella spp., we used the rapid slide agglutination test (RSAT) for screening and an indirect ELISA (IELISA) as confirmatory assay. This study showed that the total positive percentage of brucellosis due to B. ovis was 2.9%. Excluding the animals mixed with the Suffolk breed; seropositivity would be 0.6%. All animals tested negative for brucellosis caused by B. melitensis.


El ganado ovino fue introducido en América durante el segundo viaje de Colón a las Antillas y rápidamente se diseminó por la región. En 1587 entraron a la Argentina las primeras ovejas, estas se adaptaron a las condiciones naturales y se desarrolló así la denominada «oveja criolla¼. Se seleccionaron 486 animales de diferentes provincias para conocer el estado serológico de la enfermedad producida por Brucella melitensis y Brucella ovis. Para detectar anticuerpos anti-Brucella en fase lisa se utilizó la prueba de rosa de Bengala (RBT) como tamiz y como confirmatorias seroaglutinación lenta en tubo (SAT) y 2-mercaptoetanol (2ME). En fase rugosa se realizó como tamiz la prueba rápida de aglutinación (RSAT) y ELISA indirecto como prueba confirmatoria (IELISA). Este estudio mostró un porcentaje de seropositividad de brucelosis causada por B. ovis del 2,9%. Excluyendo los animales cruzados con la raza Suffolk, la seropositividad sería del 0,6%. Todos los animales fueron negativos a brucelosis causada por B. melitensis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep Diseases , Brucellosis , Antibodies, Bacterial , Argentina , Sheep Diseases/diagnosis , Brucellosis/diagnosis , Brucellosis/veterinary , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Sheep , Brucella melitensis
8.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; Pesqui. vet. bras;37(3): 234-240, Mar. 2017.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-842061

ABSTRACT

The domestication of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) originated in India and China and spread throughout the world and represents an important source of food of high biological value. Given the importance and relevance of brucellosis for buffalo production, this article reviews the history, etiopathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical signs, anatomopathological findings, diagnosis and control of the disease, focusing on data from studies on water buffaloes performed in different countries and the Brazilian Amazon biome.(AU)


A domesticação do búfalo (Bubalus bubalis) ocorreu particularmente na Índia e China, difundindo-se pelo mundo, gerando fontes de alimento de alto valor biológico. Diante da importância e relevância da brucelose para a bubalinocultura este trabalho tem por objetivo fazer uma revisão acerca do histórico da doença, etiopatogenia, fatores epidemiológicos, sinais clínicos, achados anatomopatológicos, diagnóstico e o controle, com enfoque nos dados obtidos em estudos em bubalinos no mundo e no Bioma Amazônico brasileiro.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Brucella abortus/isolation & purification , Brucellosis/veterinary , Buffaloes , Abortion, Veterinary/etiology
9.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online);68(6): 1449-1452, nov.-dez. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-827918

ABSTRACT

The present work reports a clinical case of a mongrel dog, with serological diagnosis of brucellosis, from which epididymal sperm analysis was performed. Sperm samples were collected from different segments of the epididymis (tail, corpus, and caput). Sperm samples were evaluated for computer-assisted motility analysis (CASA), spermatic morphology, mitochondrial activity and sperm plasmatic membrane and acrosomal integrity. Changes in sperm movement patterns were found (progressive motility, percentage of rapid sperm, percentage of rapid velocity, average pathway, curvilinear velocity, velocity straight line, amplitude of lateral head displacement, straightness and linearity), increase of total morphological defects (51%) and absence of sperm mitochondrial activity (20%) were verified, especially for cauda epididymides. We highlight that such changes can contribute to clinical diagnosis of Brucellosis in dogs and to the use of epididymal sperm in reproductive biotechnologies.(AU)


Relata-se o caso de um cão mestiço, com diagnóstico sorológico para brucelose canina, a partir do qual foram realizadas análises do sêmen epididimário. As amostras espermáticas foram coletadas dos diferentes segmentos epididimários (cabeça, corpo e cauda). Foram realizadas as avaliações de motilidade computadorizada do sêmen (CASA), morfologia espermática, atividade mitocondrial, integridade das membranas plasmática e acrossomal. Houve alteração no padrão de movimentação espermática (motilidade progressiva, espermatozoides rápidos, velocidade média da trajetória, velocidade curvilínea, velocidade linear progressiva, amplitude de deslocamento lateral da cabeça, retilinearidade e linearidade), aumento do total de defeitos morfológicos (51%) e da ausência de atividade mitocondrial espermática (20%) dos espermatozoides, especialmente da cauda do epidídimo. Ressalta-se que tais achados podem contribuir para o diagnóstico clínico da brucelose canina e para a utilização do sêmen epididimário em biotecnologias da reprodução.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Dogs , Brucellosis/complications , Brucellosis/veterinary , Epididymis , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Brucella canis , Sperm Motility , Spermatozoa
10.
Rev. chil. infectol ; Rev. chil. infectol;33(6): 656-662, dic. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-844419

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Brucellosis is one of the most frequent zoonosis in most parts of the world. This zoonosis remains a great problem to public health in developing countries, although developed countries have successfully controlled it. Mexico still shows a high annual brucellosis incidence in humans; thus, the country is considered around the world as an endemic brucellosis country. Aim: To describe the connection/association between this zoonosis and the current epidemiological situation in the Mexican population. Methods: Perusal of research reports, epidemiological studies and veterinarian reviews performed in Mexico, using data bases such as PubMed, Thompson Reuters, Mesh research. Conclusion: The risk of infection by Brucella in Mexico is associated with the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products, mainly fresh cheeses.


Introducción: La brucelosis es una de las enfermedades zoonóticas más frecuentes en la mayor parte del mundo. Mientras que en los países desarrollados han logrado con éxito su control, en los países en vías de desarrollo continúa siendo un gran problema de salud pública. México continúa presentando alta incidencia anual de brucelosis en humanos, por lo que es considerado un país endémico de brucelosis. Objetivo: Describir la relación de esta zoonosis con la situación epidemiológica actual en la población de México. Material y Métodos: Consulta de reportes de investigación, estudios epidemiológicos y revisiones veterinarias, realizadas en México, a través de bases de datos como PubMed, Thompson Reuters y Meshresearch. Conclusión: El riesgo del contagio de Brucella spp. en México está asociado al consumo de productos lácteos sin pasteurizar, principalmente quesos frescos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Brucellosis/epidemiology , Zoonoses , Goat Diseases/epidemiology , Brucellosis/transmission , Brucellosis/veterinary , Goats , Incidence , Mexico/epidemiology
11.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; Pesqui. vet. bras;36(10): 930-934, out. 2016. tab, mapas
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-842001

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of antibodies anti-Brucella in 1,940 swine blood samples. Out of the 1,940 sera samples, 1,594 were from 30 intensive pig farming from seven different states, collected during the slaughtering of animals, and 346 samples from 56 non-technified (subsistence) pig herds from Jaboticabal region, São Paulo State, Brazil. All samples were tested by Buffered Plate Acidified Antigen (BPAA) and considered positive in case of agglutination. If positive, the samples were tested by Complement Fixation Reaction (CFR) as a confirmatory test. Out of the 1,594, two were positive for BPAA but negative for CFR, so the occurrence was 0%. Among the 346 samples, two were positive for BPAA but only one was positive in the confirmatory test, whith a titer of 1:8. Thus, the occurrence was 0.29%, an important result to demonstrate the improvement of the sanitary status of Brazilian non-technified pig herds, despite the low conditions of production.(AU)


O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de se determinar a ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Brucella spp. em 1.940 amostras de sangue de suínos, das quais 1.594 amostras eram de 30 granjas comerciais, de sete diferentes Estados, coletadas durante o abate dos animais, e 346 amostras de 56 criações de subsistência da região de Jaboticabal, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Todas as amostras foram submetidas ao teste do Antígeno Acidificado Tamponado (AAT) e consideradas positivas caso ocorresse aglutinação. Quando positivas, as amostras eram submetidas ao teste de Reação de Fixação de Complemento (RFC) como teste confirmatório. Dentre as 1.594 amostras de suínos de granjas comerciais, duas se mostraram sensíveis ao AAT, porém, quando foram submetidas à RFC, ambas apresentaram reação negativa, levando a uma porcentagem de ocorrência de 0%. Já entre as 346 amostras de criações de subsistência, duas foram positivas ao AAT, sendo que apenas uma apresentou reação positiva no teste confirmatório, cujo título foi de 1:8. Desta forma, a ocorrência foi de 0,29%, resultado importante para demonstrar a melhoria do status sanitário dos rebanhos de subsistência brasileiros, apesar das condições precárias em que vivem.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Abattoirs , Antibodies, Bacterial , Brucella/immunology , Brucellosis/immunology , Brucellosis/veterinary , Swine/microbiology , Serologic Tests/veterinary
12.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online);68(4): 853-857, jul.-ago. 2016. mapas
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-792480

ABSTRACT

Bacteria of the genus Brucella are widespread in many countries. These microorganisms can infect humans and many wild and domestic animal species. These bacteria have zoonotic potential, and can cause economic and public health problems since they can be transmitted by direct contact with sick animals, through consumption of contaminated milk, raw meat and its derivatives (Soares et al., 2015). Brucellosis is considered a chronic evolving disease, unusual in horses, predominantly caused by Brucella abortus. However, it is not characterized by reproductive disorders in horses, but primarily by abscess in the cervical region, bursa, tendons, and joints. Transmission is likely to occur via ingestion of contaminated water and pastures, especially in areas endemic for bovine brucellosis (Ribeiro et al., 2008). The slaughterhouse is a strategic point for obtaining information about the animal and animal products, edible or not. This study investigated the presence of anti-Brucella spp. immunoglobulins in the serum samples from horses slaughtered in a slaughterhouse in southern Brazil, to estimate the frequency of Brucella spp. antibodies and determine the spatial distribution of the cases.(AU)


Objetivou-se investigar a presença de imunoglobulinas anti-Brucella spp. em amostras de soros sanguíneos de equídeos abatidos em matadouro-frigorífico, sob Serviço de Inspeção Federal, localizado na região Sul do Brasil. Utilizaram-se 767 amostras de sangue de equídeos adultos abatidos no período de abril a maio de 2013. Os animais foram provenientes de 45 municípios dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná. Para diagnóstico, foram utilizados os testes do antígeno acidificado tamponado (AAT), sendo os resultados positivos confirmados pelos testes de polarização fluorescente (TPF), reação de fixação de complemento (RFC) e 2-mercaptoetanol (2-ME). Foram sororreagentes no AAT 65 (8,47%) animais. Destes, apenas dois (3,07%) foram positivos também na RFC e três (4,62%) animais foram positivos no TPF. Apesar da baixa frequência de animais positivos para Brucella spp., pode-se afirmar que a infecção em equinos está presente na área estudada, o que é demonstrado pela presença de animais sororreatores. No âmbito da saúde animal, pública e ocupacional, sugere-se a atenção a essa doença, visando diminuir o risco de infecção.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Animal Culling , Brucellosis/veterinary , Equidae , Horse Diseases , Fluorescence Polarization/veterinary
13.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; Rev. argent. microbiol;48(2): 147-153, jun. 2016. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-843158

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico de brucelosis en 516 majadas caprinas o mixtas (caprinos/ovinos) de las 3 regiones agroecológicas de la provincia de Formosa, Argentina. Mediante las pruebas de aglutinación en placa con antígeno tamponado y de fijación del complemento en suero se estudiaron un total de 25.401 caprinos y 2.453 ovinos. Además, se realizaron cultivos bacteriológicos y PCR en muestras de leche de cabras de 3 majadas con brucelosis y abortos recientes. Se detectó brucelosis en 4 de los 9 departamentos de la provincia, la prevalencia global fue del 2 % y la intrapredial varió entre el 1 y el 40%. La proporción de majadas positivas fue del 3,6, el 12 y el 36 % para las regiones este, centro y oeste, respectivamente. Se aisló Brucella melitensis bv. 1 de cabras por primera vez en la provincia. La PCR amplificó fragmentos esperados de 827 pb correspondiente al gen omp2ab (Brucella spp.) y de 731 pb correspondiente al inserto IS711 (B. melitensis). La detección de anticuerpos en ovinos que cohabitan con caprinos sugiere que las infecciones habrían sido causadas por B. melitensis, lo que constituye un riesgo adicional para la salud pública. Los programas de control y erradicación de la brucelosis deberían considerar las majadas mixtas como una sola unidad epidemiológica. Los resultados indican que la brucelosis por B. melitensis bv. 1 es altamente endémica en las regiones centro y oeste de la provincia de Formosa.


An epidemiological study of brucellosis was carried out in 516 goats and mixed flocks (goat/sheep) from the three agro-ecological regions of Formosa province, Argentina. Serum samples from a total of 25401 goats and 2453 sheeps were analyzed using buffered plate agglutination test (BPAT) and complement fixation test (CFT). Bacteriological and PCR analyses on milk samples from goats in three flocks with a history of brucellosis and recent abortions were also performed. Brucellosis was detected in four of the nine departments of the province with an overall prevalence of 2 % and an intra-flock prevalence ranging between 1 % and 40 %. The proportion of infected flocks was 3.6 %, 12 % and 36 % for the eastern, central and western regions, respectively. Brucella melitensis bv. 1 was isolated efrom goats for the first time in the province. The expected fragments of 827 bp from the omp2ab gene (Brucella spp.) and 731 bp from the insert IS711 (B. melitensis) were amplified by PCR. Detection of antibodies by BPAT and FCT in sheep cohabiting with goats suggests that infections could have been caused by B. melitensis, posing an additional risk to public health. Control and eradication programs for brucellosis should consider mixed flocks as a single epidemiological unit. The results indicate that brucellosis by B. melitensis bv1 is highly endemic in the central and western regions of Formosa province.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Pregnancy , Sheep Diseases/epidemiology , Brucellosis/veterinary , Goat Diseases/epidemiology , Brucella melitensis/isolation & purification , Argentina/epidemiology , Sheep Diseases/microbiology , Sheep Diseases/transmission , Brucellosis/microbiology , Brucellosis/transmission , Brucellosis/epidemiology , Goats/microbiology , Sheep/microbiology , Goat Diseases/microbiology , Goat Diseases/transmission , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Prevalence , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Brucella melitensis/immunology , Abortion, Veterinary/etiology , Abortion, Veterinary/microbiology , Milk/microbiology , Geography, Medical , Animal Husbandry/methods , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
14.
Salud pública Méx ; 57(6): 519-527, nov.-dic. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-770739

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Determinar el comportamiento de la incidencia de brucelosis humana en México durante el periodo 2000-2011 y su relación con la brucelosis en rumiantes domésticos. Material y métodos. En estudio ecológico de series de tiempo se analizaron, mediante regresión Poisson multinivel múltiple, la incidencia de brucelosis humanas durante 2000-2011 y la incidencia en rumiantes, y su relación con índice de desarrollo humano. Resultados. La alta incidencia de brucelosis bovina aumenta 15% la incidencia de brucelosis humana. La alta incidencia en caprinos aumenta 33% la incidencia de brucelosis humana. La presencia de casos nuevos de brucelosis ovina aumenta 13% la incidencia de brucelosis humana. Conclusiones. La brucelosis es un problema de salud pública; la presencia de la brucelosis en los rumiantes domésticos y el nivel de control de la enfermedad en ellos afecta la presencia de la enfermedad en humanos.


Objective. To determinate the relationship of human brucellosis incidence in Mexico during 2000-2011 in relation with domestic ruminant brucellosis. Materials and methods. An ecological time series study was analyzed using multilevel poisson multiple regression, the incidence of human brucellosis during 2000-2011 and incidence in ruminants and human development index. Results. The high incidence of bovine brucellosis increased 19% the incidence of human brucellosis. The high incidence of caprine brucellosis increase 17% the incidence of human brucellosis. The presence of new cases of ovine brucellosis increased 13% the incidence rates of human brucellosis. Conclusions. Brucellosis is a public health problem in Mexico, the presence of brucellosis in domestic ruminants and the level of disease control in them affects the presence of the disease in humans.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Adult , Brucellosis/epidemiology , Sheep Diseases/epidemiology , Brucellosis/prevention & control , Brucellosis/veterinary , Cattle , Goats , Sheep , Zoonoses , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Goat Diseases/epidemiology , Incidence , Animal Husbandry , Mexico/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/prevention & control , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology
15.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; Pesqui. vet. bras;35(11): 882-888, nov. 2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-767753

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a presença de Brucella abortus e as lesões causadas por esse agente nos anexos fetais e nos fetos de búfalas. Para isso, 20 búfalas em diversos meses de gestação, sorologicamente positivas para brucelose, foram submetidas ao abate sanitário. A idade fetal foi determinada através de exames ultrassonográficos associados à mensuração dos fetos durante a necropsia. Do útero fechado desses animais foram coletadas amostras para histopatologia e qPCR. A partir do segundo mês de gestação foi possível detectar a presença de DNA de B. abortus em líquido amniótico, líquido alantoide e em útero e, a partir do quinto mês, na placenta, coração, baço, rim, pulmão, intestino, fígado e linfonodos dos fetos. Os principais achados anatomopatológicos foram placentite fibrinopurulenta necrótica e endometrite supurativa crônica...


The objective of this study was to detect Brucella abortus and injuries caused by the bacteria in fetal membranes and fetuses. Twenty buffaloes serologically positive for brucellosis were used and subjected to stamping for collection of material from the closed uterus of several months gestation. Fetal age was determined by ultrasound examination and the size of fetuses was measured at necropsy. The samples were subjected to histopathology and qPCR. From the second month of pregnancy on it was possible to detect the presence of B. abortus DNA in amniotic fluid, allantoic liquid and uterus, and from the fifth month on in placenta, heart, spleen, kidney, lung, intestine, liver and lymph nodes of the fetuses. The main pathological findings were fibrinous suppurative necrotic placentitis, and chronic endometritis...


Subject(s)
Animals , Brucella abortus/isolation & purification , Buffaloes/injuries , Prenatal Injuries/diagnosis , Prenatal Injuries/veterinary , Brucellosis/veterinary , Placenta Diseases/veterinary , Endometritis/veterinary , Pregnancy, Animal , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
16.
Acta amaz ; Acta amaz;45(3): 265-270, July-Sept. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1455263

ABSTRACT

Brucellosis and leptospirosis are widely spread bacterial infections and dogs are the most important source of infection and reservoir for diseases. Dogs can disseminate the agents in the environment and transmit them to humans and/or other animals. The objective of this study was assess the occurrence of reactive to antibodies anti-Leptospira spp., Brucella canis and B. abortus in Belém and Castanhal, State of Pará, Amazon, Brazil. A total of 156 samples were randomly collected in the city of Belém and 158 samples in Castanhal. The anti-B. canis antibodies research was performed by Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) with and without 2-mercaptoethanol serum treatment (AGID-2ME). To assess the anti-B. abortus antibodies, the technique of Fast Seroagglutination with buffered acidified plate antigen (BAPAT) was used. For anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies research, the Microscopic Agglutination Technique (MAT) was used. No animal reacted to Brucella abortus and one animal was reactive to B. canis at the AGID, but it was negative to the AGID-2ME test. Seventeen percent of dogs (47/274) presented anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies, with prevalence of serovar Canicola. The dogs from Belém and Castanhal are not source of infection for B. abortus and B. canis, however, they are reservoirs for different serovars of Leptospira spp.


Brucelose e leptospirose são enfermidades bacterianas amplamente disseminadas e o cão é importante fonte de infecção e reservatório para ambas, podendo eliminar o agente no meio ambiente, e transmiti-lo para humanos e/ou outros animais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo pesquisar a ocorrência de cães reagentes para anticorpos contra Leptospira spp., Brucella canis e B. abortus em Belém e Castanhal, Pará, Amazônia, Brasil. Foram colhidas de forma aleatória 156 amostras no município de Belém e 158 amostras em Castanhal. A pesquisa de anticorpos anti-B. canis foi realizada pela técnica de Imunodifusão em Gel de Ágar (IDGA) com e sem tratamento do soro com 2-mercaptoetanol (IDGA-2ME) e para pesquisa de anticorpos anti-B. abortus foi utilizada a técnica de Soroaglutinação Rápida com antígeno acidificado tamponado (AAT). Para pesquisa de anticorpos contra-Leptospira spp. utilizou-se a Técnica de Aglutinação Microscópica (MAT). Nenhum animal reagiu para Brucella abortus e um animal foi reagente para B. canis na IDGA, porém foi negativo na IDGA-2ME. Dezessete por cento dos cães (47/274) apresentaram anticorpos contra-Leptospira spp., com predominância do sorovar Canicola. Os cães de Belém e Castanhal não são fontes de infecção para B. abortus e B. canis, no entanto são reservatórios de diferentes sorovares de Leptospira spp.


Subject(s)
Animals , Brucellosis/epidemiology , Brucellosis/veterinary , Leptospirosis/epidemiology , Leptospirosis/veterinary , Immunodiffusion/veterinary , Serologic Tests/veterinary , Agglutination Tests/veterinary
17.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; Pesqui. vet. bras;34(6): 537-541, jun. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-716344

ABSTRACT

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência da brucelose e seus fatores de risco no rebanho suíno de Mossoró/RN. Compreendeu um estudo epidemiológico transversal e de abordagem quantitativa, no qual foram coletadas 412 amostras sanguíneas de suínos provenientes dos principais produtores do município e realizada inspeção das criações com entrevistas aos produtores. Anticorpos anti-Brucella spp. foram detectados pelo teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado (AAT) e confirmados pela reação de fixação de complemento (RFC). A prevalência da brucelose nos suínos foi de 27,0 por cento no teste de AAT e 17,5 por cento na RFC. Em 55 por cento das propriedades pesquisadas havia pelo menos um animal positivo, e a prevalência nestas variou de 6,7 por cento a 80,0 por cento. Os fatores de risco que estavam influenciando a ocorrência da doença foram: a presença de ratos nas criações, o contato com bovinos e a faixa etária jovem dos animais. Os resultados do estudo permitiram concluir que o agente etiológico da brucelose estava circulando em suínos do município de Mossoró-RN, com elevada prevalência no rebanho e nas propriedades, evidenciando o risco de transmissão desta zoonose para o homem.


The study aimed to determine the prevalence of brucellosis and its risk factors in the pig herd of Mossoró-RN. Comprised a cross-sectional quantitative approach and epidemiological study, where 412 blood samples of pigs from major producers in the municipality were collected and inspection of herds with interviews with producers were conducted. Antibodies to Brucella spp. were detected by the rose Bengal test (RBT) and confirmed by the complement fixation test (CFT). The prevalence of brucellosis in pigs was 27.0 percent in the RBT and 17.5 percent in the CFT. In 55 percent of the surveyed properties there was at least one positive animal, and these prevalence ranged from 6.7 percent to 80.0 percent. Risk factors that were influencing the occurrence of the disease were the presence of rats in the farms, contact with cattle and the young age of the animals. The study results showed that the causative agent of brucellosis was circulating in pigs in the municipality of Mossoró-RN, with high prevalence in the herd and on the properties, indicating the risk of transmission of this zoonosis to humans.


Subject(s)
Animals , Brucella suis/isolation & purification , Brucellosis/veterinary , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Disease Transmission, Infectious/veterinary
18.
Cad. saúde pública ; Cad. Saúde Pública (Online);29(10): 1955-1973, Out. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-688780

ABSTRACT

El objetivo fue determinar la seroprevalencia a Brucella canis en perros y humanos convivientes en criaderos caninos y explorar los factores de riesgo asociados a la seropositividad. Se tomaron 20 criaderos, en los cuales se realizó diagnóstico serológico por PARP-2ME de 428 caninos y 91 humanos. Se aplicó una encuesta para determinar los factores de riesgo y se analizaron los datos mediante regresión logística. Se determinó una seroprevalencia de 15% en caninos y 9% en humanos convivientes. Se determinaron como factores asociados a la seropositividad canina el historial de seropositividad canina, conservar los caninos seropositivos, historial de aborto, higiene y protección del operario deficientes durante el servicio reproductivo, y procedimiento inseguro durante la atención de abortos. Como factores protectores se establecieron la ubicación rural de los criaderos, facilidad de aseo de los caniles, PARP-2ME premonta, y procedimiento seguro durante la atención de partos. En humanos se determinaron factores asociados: criaderos ubicados en el Valle Aburrá y de tipo urbano.


The objectives of this study were to determine Brucella canis seroprevalence in dogs and in humans living near kennels and to explore risk factors associated with seropositivity. Twenty kennels were included in a serological survey with RSAT-2ME, and samples were collected from 428 dogs and 91 humans. An interview was applied to determine risk factors, and the data were analyzed using logistic regression. Seroprevalence was 15% in dogs and 9% in humans. Factors associated with current canine seropositivity were: history of canine seropositivity, non-culling of seropositive dogs, history of abortion, poor hygiene and personal protection during reproductive service, and unsafe procedures during care for abortions. Protective factors included: rural location of kennels, ease of cleaning kennels, pre-mating RSAT-2ME, and safe procedures during care for delivery. Factors associated with seropositive status in humans were: kennels located in Valle de Aburrá and urban location.


O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar a soroprevalência de brucelose dada por Brucella canis na população canina e os seres humanos que moram junto com os cães reprodutores, e explorar os fatores de risco associados à soropositividade.Vinte cães foram amostrados, nestes se fez o diagnóstico sorológico por PARP-2ME para 428 caninos e 91 pessoas. Para o estudo de fatores de risco associados à doença foi realizada uma análise por regressão logística. Encontrou-se uma soroprevalência de 15% e 9% nos caninos e humanos, respectivamente. Foram identificados como fatores de risco associados à soropositividade canina nos canis avaliados a história clínica com antigos diagnósticos de abortos e de soropositividade, conservar caninos que sejam soropositivos, a má higiene no canil e uma indumentária laboral insuficiente para o trabalhador que mexe com os cães, tanto durante o serviço reprodutivo quanto na atenção de abortos que possam ser inseguros. Encontraram-se como fatores de proteção nesta pesquisa as regiões rurais onde estava a incubadora, a facilidade de limpeza que possibilita uma melhor higiene dos canis, PARP-2ME pré-nupcial e procedimento seguro durante o parto. Em humanos foram determinados como fatores associados: criadores localizados no Valle Aburrá e do tipo urbano.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Humans , Brucella canis/immunology , Brucellosis/epidemiology , Brucellosis/veterinary , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Public Health/statistics & numerical data , Zoonoses/epidemiology , Agglutination Tests , Brucellosis/blood , Colombia/epidemiology , Dog Diseases/blood , Hygiene , Logistic Models , Risk Factors , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Zoonoses/blood
19.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online);65(5): 1321-1328, out. 2013. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-689748

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a soroprevalência de pseudorraiva, peste suína clássica (PSC) e brucelose suína em suínos do estado do Piauí, Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras sanguíneas de 384 suínos de criações intensivas e extensivas do estado. Anticorpos anti-Brucella spp. foram detectados pelo teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado e confirmados pelo teste 2-mercaptoetanol, enquanto a detecção de anticorpos contra os vírus da PSC e pseudorraiva foi realizada por ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA), utilizando-se kits comerciais específicos. Anticorpos anti-Brucella spp. foram detectados em 1,04% (2/192) dos suínos de criações intensivas. Dos rebanhos avaliados, 0,78% (3/384) dos animais exibiram anticorpos contra o vírus da PSC, sendo 1,04% (2/192) de criações intensivas e 0,52% (1/192) de criações extensivas. Anticorpos contra o vírus da pseudorraiva foram detectados apenas em suínos de criação extensiva, com prevalência de 5,2% (10/192). Esses são os primeiros dados sobre a soroprevalência da brucelose suína, pseudorraiva e PSC em rebanhos do Piauí. A detecção de 10 amostras positivas para pseudorraiva causa preocupação sobre a possibilidade da circulação viral na população suídea desse estado e revela uma necessidade premente de realização de estudos mais extensos para melhor compreender a importância dessas enfermidades de notificação obrigatória em estados da região Nordeste brasileira.


This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Pseudorabies, Classical Swine Fever (CSF) and Swine Brucellosis in swine in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 384 pigs from intensive and small outdoor systems in the state. Anti-Brucella spp. antibodies were detected by Buffered Acidified Antigen Test and positive results confirmed by 2-Mercaptoethanol Test. Detection of antibodies against CSF and Pseudorabies virus were performed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) using specific commercial kits. Only two samples (1.04% - 2/192) from the intensive system were seropositive to Brucella spp. In the evaluated herds, 0.78% (3/384) of animals had antibodies against CSF virus, two from outdoor pigs (1.04% - 2/192) and one from intensive systems (0.52% - 1/192). Antibodies against the Pseudorabies virus were detected only in outdoor pigs, with seroprevalence of 5.2% (10/192). This is the first report on seroprevalence of Pseudorabies, CSF and Brucellosis in hog farms in Piauí, Brazil. The detection of 10 positive cases raises a concern regarding Pseudorabies virus circulation in the swine population in the state and reveals a need for further studies to better understand the real situation and status of obligatory notified diseases in the swine herds in the Northestern states of Brazil.


Subject(s)
Animals , African Swine Fever/diagnosis , African Swine Fever/parasitology , African Swine Fever/virology , Pseudorabies/diagnosis , Pseudorabies/virology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Brucellosis/diagnosis , Brucellosis/veterinary
20.
Rev. chil. infectol ; Rev. chil. infectol;30(4): 395-401, ago. 2013. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-690538

ABSTRACT

Background: Brucella canis is responsible for brucellosis in dogs, causing reproductive disorders and is considered a zoonoses, as described in several countries. The epidemiological data are scarce in our country. Aim: To determine the prevalence of Brucella canis in vague dogs in Temuco city and housed in the Temuco Kennel. Methods: Quantitative and cross-section study. We used 400 samples of dogs of both sexes, different ages and mainly mixed race, which were tested by immunochromatography. Results: Antibodies were detected in 4 samples Brucella canis which represented 1% of the population studied, 2 females (0.5%) and 2 males (0.5%). Discussion: We conclude that dogs are infected by B. canis in a low range but remains a risk condition to the health of the human population if not maintained adequate sanitary control of pets, like vague dogs.


Introducción: Brucella canis es responsable de la brucelosis en perros, provocándoles trastornos reproductivos y es considerada una zoonosis, ya descrita en varios países. Los datos epidemiológicos en nuestro medio son exiguos. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de B. canis en perros vagos capturados en la ciudad de Temuco y albergados en el Canil Temuco. Materialy Métodos: Estudio de tipo cuantitativo y de corte transversal. Se utilizaron 400 muestras de perros de ambos sexos, diferentes edades y principalmente mestizos, procesadas mediante la prueba de inmunocromatografía. Resultados: Se detectaron anticuerpos anti-B. canis en 4 muestras lo cual representó 1% de la población estudiada, 2 hembras (0,5%) y 2 machos (0,5%). Conclusión: El hallazgo de perros serológicamente positivos a B. canis, es baja pero no deja de ser un indicador del riesgo en el que se encuentra la salud de la población humana si no se mantiene un adecuado control sanitario de las mascotas, como ocurre con los perros vagos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Male , Brucella canis/immunology , Brucellosis/veterinary , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Brucellosis/diagnosis , Brucellosis/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Chile/epidemiology , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dog Diseases/microbiology , Chromatography, Affinity/veterinary , Prevalence
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