Hepatoprotective studies on haloxylon salicornicum: a plant from cholistan desert

The objective was to study the in-vivo hepatoprotective effect of aerial parts vi Haloxylon salicornicum [Moq.] Bunge [Family: Chenopodiaceae] in order to validate its traditional use in hepatobiliary disorders, by native people of Cholistan desert, Pakistan. Aerial parts [ethanolic extract] ofHaloxylon salicornicum [HS], [500 and 750 mg/kg/day, p.o. for 7 days] were evaluated on CC1[4] intoxicated rabbits [0.75 ml/kg., s/c.] by serum biochemical parameters and liver histopathological observations. Silymarin [100 mg/kg/day, p.o. for 7 days] was used as a standard hepatoprotective drug. CC1[4] intoxicated group had elevated levels of SCOT, SGPT and ALP significantly but TB level was normal as compared to control group. HS extract [both doses of 500 and 750 mg/kg] showed hepatoprotective effect by significant restoration of SCOT, SGPT, ALP and TB levels as compared to CC1[4] control. 500 mg/kg doses of HS extract produced more significant results as compared to 750 mg/kg doses and Silymarin. Histopathological examination of liver tissues further substantiated these findings. Therefore, outcome of the present study validate the traditional claims on hepatoprotective effects ofHaloxylon salicornicum [aerial parts]

Effect of carbon tetrachloride on rat liver, following parathyroidectomy: histopathological observations.

Absence of centrilobular necrosis, cirrhosis and giant hepatic cells with a large nucleus were significant observations in the liver of CCl4 treated rats following unilateral parathyroidectomy. Increased number of mitochondria and presence of binucleated cells indicated hepatic regeneration in unilaterally parathyroidectomized and CCl4 treated rats. Focal necrosis, giant cells and presence of smooth endoplasmic reticulum around the nucleus reflect a slight impairment in regeneration of the liver following bilateral parathyroidectomy and CCl4 administration. The results show that parathyroidectomy interferes in the pathogenesis of necrosis and associated lesions in the liver of CCl4 treated rats. Overall results indicate that unilateral parathyroidectomy afforded better protection than bilateral parathyroidectomy.

Protection of CCL4-induced liver damage in rats by some calcium channel blockers.

Liver necrosis was produced in rats by administering 3 doses o a mixture o carbon tetrachloide+olive oil, 2 ml/kg, ip. The liver damage was evidenced by the elevated levels serun aspartate aminotrans ferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (AIT) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) and by histopathological observations of liver sections. Nitrendipine, nimodipine and nisoldipine (1 mg/100 g of rat, ip) significantly reduced these elevated levels of AST, AIT and gamma-GT. Carbon tetrachloride induced liver necrosis was also found to be significantly reduced in nitrendipine, nimodipine and nisoldipine pre-treated animals as observed macroscopically and histologically.

Alteraçäo da fibrose hepática induzida pelo tetracloreto de carbono, pela administraçäo prévia de vitamina A

A administraçäo prévia de vitamina A a ratos em que a fibrose hepática foi induzida por injeçöes i.p. de tetracloreto de carbono resultou em significativa reduçäo dos valores de colágeno hepático e na fibrose hepática histologicamente avaliada. Os possíveis mecanismos de atuaçäo da vitamina A säo discutidos

Effect of sodium selenite on the hepatotoxicity induced with carbon tetrachloride

The authors have demonstrated the effect of sodium selenite on the hepatotoxicity due to carbon tetrachloride, by observing the distribution and disaggregation of the pyroninophilic granules in the hepatic cell of the mature male albino mice. Each experimental mouse of the selenite and the selenite plus carbon tetrachloride groups was given a single dose of 4 ug. of sodium selenite per kilogram of body weight and that of the control and the carbon tetrachloride groups was given 0.1 ml. of distilled water alone. Six hours after the first administration of distilled water or sodium selenite, the experimental mice of the carbon tetrachloride and the selenite plus carbon tetrachloride groups were given a single dose of l.0 ml. of carbon tetrachloride per kilogram of body weight and those of the selenite groups were given 0.l ml. of paraffin oil alone. Following the 1ast administration of carbon tetrachloride or paraffin oil, the mice were sacrificed by bleeding (cutting the common carotid artery) at the intervals of 2,3,4,6,8, and 12 hours respectively. Histochemical preparations were stained by the methyl-green and pyronin method and oil red 0 method. The hepatotoxicity due to the administration of carbon tetrachoride was evident in the hepatic cells; the pyroninophilic granlues were partly reduced in volume in the hepatic cells of the centrilobular and the intermediate zones as early as the 3 hour-period, and markedly reduced or disappeared in the centrilobular and some part of the intermediate zones associated with hydropic degeneration as well as in the 6 hour-period. Thereafter marked reduction or dissolution of the pyroninophilic granules was found and extended as the periportal zone at the 12 hour-period. However, the pyroninophilic granules in the hepatic cells of selenite plus carbon tetrachbride group showed no significant changes in the hepatic cells of these zones, compared to the histochemical feature of the granules in the hepatic cells of the control and the selenite groups. Consequently it is suggested that the lipid peroxidative decomposition of the microsomal membranes, which is induced with carbon tetrachloride, would be prevented by a previous administration of sodium selenite.