Effects of sea cucumber cerebroside and its long-chain base on lipid and glucose metabolism in obese mice / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of sea cucumber cerebroside(SCC) and its long-chain base(LCB) on lipid and glucose metabolism in obese mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mouse obese model was established by feeding high fat diet. The mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups: control group, model group, SCC group and LCB group. After 4 weeks, the glucose tolerance test was undertaken. After 5 weeks, the body fat content, organic indexes, serum lipid level, glycemic index and liver lipid level were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the model group, the glucose tolerance in the SCC group and LCB group was ameliorated significantly (P<0.01, P<0.05); glycemic index (P<0.01, P<0.01), the weight of adipose tissue (P<0.05, P<0.01) and the hepatic TG were reduced significantly (P<0.05, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Sea cucumber cerebroside and its long-chain base can improve the glucose and lipid metabolism in obese mice.</p>

Gaucher's disease in Albanian children: casuistics and treatment

Gaucher's disease is a rare genetic disorder that results in the accumulation of cerebrosides in the liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs, brain and bone marrow. The deficiency of the specific lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase is considered as causative factor. The first effective treatment for the disease, the drug Ceredase, approved in 1995, was replaced in 2001 by the drug Cerezyme. During the period 2004-2009 in our service 11 children were hospitalized and treated for Gaucher's disease: 9 children with type 1, and 2 children with type 3 of the disease. The enzymatic examinations of the biomarker chitotriosidase were performed in Sahlgren's University Hospital, Molndal Sweden; the DNA analysis was performed in the Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, USA. We are presenting the biological and genetic molecular data of the children. In our case series, one year after the treatment started, the hemoglobin level was normalized; the platelet count was normalized in 7 patients after one year of treatment, and in 9 patients after two years of treatment. The hemorrhagic syndrome stopped after 6 months of treatment. Chitotriosidase values decreased 10-20 times the initial value, after one year of treatment and in one case the value reached the normal range. The treatment with Cerezyme has also improved the visceral and biological signs. Anomalies of the oculomotricity were less sensitive to the treatment. According to our experience, Chitotriosidase is a sensitive and specific marker in diagnosing and monitoring Gaucher's disease. The enzyme replacement therapy through Cerezyme is an effective and safe treatment of Gaucher's disease. Blood signs [anemia, platelet count]; visceral signs [splenomegaly, hepatomegaly] as well as bone involvement showed decisive improvement under the therapy

Effect of sea cucumber cerebroside on lipid metabolism in fatty liver rats / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of sea cucumber cerebroside (SCC) on the lipid metabolism in rats with orotic acid-induced fatty liver.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model was established by adding orotic acid to the diets in rats. The rats were randomly assigned to four groups:control group, NAFLD group, NAFLD + low SCC group and NAFLD + high SCC group. After 10 days of feeding, the serum and hepatic lipid concentrations and the aminopherase activities were measured; the composition of hepatic fatty acids was also analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The serum TC and TG levels reduced significantly in the NAFLD group as compared with the controls (P<0.05), while the sea cucumber cereborside feeding raised the serum lipid concentrations (P<0.05). The hepatic TC and TG levels dramatically increased in the NAFLD group in comparison with the controls (P<0.05, P<0.01), while the hepatic lipid accumulations decreased in both SCC groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). The ALT and AST activities in the NAFLD group increased markedly when compared with the controls (P<0.05, P <0.01), while the sea cucumber cerebroside feeding attenuated the hepatic injury levels (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity increased significantly in the NAFLD group (P<0.05), but decreased in SCC groups (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Sea cucumber cerebroside can attenuate the rat fatty liver induced by orotic acid.</p>

Chemical study on fruiting bodies of Boletus vioaceo-fuscus / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents of Boletus vioaceo-fuscus.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The compounds were isolated with column chromatography. The structures were determined by spectroscopic techniques.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Six compounds were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus vioaceo-fiuscus. They were identified as ergosta-5, 7, 22-triene-3beta-ol (1), dihydrofuran-2, 5-dione (2), (22E, 24R)-5alpha, 6alpha-epoxyergosta-8, 22-diene-3beta, 7alpha-diol (3), (22E, 24R)-5alpha, 6alpha-epoxyergosta-8 (14), 22-diene-3beta, 7alphadiol (4), cerebroside B (5) and adenosine (6), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All the Compounds were obtained from the fruiting bodies of Boletus vioaceo-fiscus for the first time.</p>

Studies on chemical constituents in seeds of Cicer arietinum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents in seeds of Cicer arietinum, so that to find bioactive natural products.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Dried and sprouted seeds of C. arietinum were extracted with ethanol of various concentrations respectively, then isolated and purified by silica gel, macroreticular resin D 101, Sephadex LH -20 gel column chromatography, and structures of compounds were identified by spectral analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Nine compounds have been isolated and identified: 3-hydroxy-olean-12-ene (1), biochanin A-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (2), cerebroside (3), 1-ethyl-alpha-L-galactoside (4), uridine (5), adenosine (6), trytophan (7), biochanin A (8), fomononetin (9).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 were isolated from genus Cicer for the first time.</p>

Chemical constituents from root of Psammosilene tunicoides / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents from the root of Psammosilene tunicoides.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Column chromatographic methods were used to isolate the chemical constituents of this plant. ESI-MS, EI-MS and NMR methods were employed for their structural elucidation.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Seven compounds were isolated and identified as goyaprosaponin (1), Soya-cerebroside (2), tectoridin (3), alpha-spinasterol (4), tetracosanoic acid (5), beta-sitosterol (6), daucosterol (7) respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 2-7 were obtained from genus Psammosilene for the first time.</p>

New cerebroside from leaves of pineapple / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of the leaves of pineapple.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Chromatographic methods were used to isolate compounds from the leaves of pineapple and spectral methods were used to identify the structures of the isolated compounds.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compound 1 was isolated from the leaves of pineapple. It was identified as 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S, 3R, 4E, 11E)-2-[(2(R)-hydroxydocosanoyl) amido]-4, 11-hexadecanediene-1, 3-diol.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound 1 was a new compound.</p>

Chemical constituents from flos Sesamum indicum L / 药学学报

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L. ) belongs to Pedaliaceae, and its dry flowers have been used to cure alopecia, frostbite and constipation as a Traditional Chinese Medicine. Interestingly, the Flos Sesamum indicum L. was usually used to cure verruca vulgaris and verruca plana in folk of China, and showed a pleasant result. Previous chemical investigations of this plant mainly concentrate on its seeds, showed the presence of proteins and fat oils, herein we make a systematic chemical research on the dry flowers of this plant. Column chromatography including silica gel, C18 and Sephadex LH-20 were used to separate the chemical constituents and the structures were determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Ten compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the plant and elucidated as latifonin (1), momor-cerebroside (2), soya-cerebroside II (3), 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S, 3S, 4R, 5E,9Z)-2-N-(2'-hydroxytetracosanoyl) 1,3,4-trihydroxy-5,9-octadienine (4), 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S, 3S, 4R, 8Z)-2-N-(2' R) 2'-hydroxytetracosanoyl) 3,4-dihydroxy-8-octadene (5), (2S, 1" S) -aurantiamide acetate (6), benzyl alcohol-O-(2'-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl, 3'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), beta-sitosterol (8), daucosterol (9) and D-galacititol (10). Among them, 4 is a new compound, and others were isolated from the flowers of the plant for the first time. Compounds 2 to 4 belong to cerebroside, which is rare to be found in land plants and was proved to possess many bioactivities.

Column chromatographic fractionation of soybean phospholipid and chemical analysis of isolated phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid and cerebroside

Phospholipid mixtures were isolated from crude soybean oil and laboratory prepared soy lecithin were fractionated on two silicic acid columns with subsequent thin layer chromatography identification of isolated fractions. The percentages of the isolated four eluted fractions from each of the two columns were calculated. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid and cerebroside were isolated. Fatty acid composition and total phosphorus of the isolated phospholipids were determined

Structure and biological functions of fungal cerebrosides

Ceramide monohexosides (CMHs, cerebrosides) are glycosphingolipids composed of a hydrophobic ceramide linked to one sugar unit. In fungal cells, CMHs are very conserved molecules consisting of a ceramide moiety containing 9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine in amidic linkage to 2-hydroxyoctadecanoic or 2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acids, and a carbohydrate portion consisting of one residue of glucose or galactose. 9-Methyl 4,8-sphingadienine-containing ceramides are usually glycosylated to form fungal cerebrosides, but the recent description of a ceramide dihexoside (CDH) presenting phytosphingosine in Magnaporthe grisea suggests the existence of alternative pathways of ceramide glycosylation in fungal cells. Along with their unique structural characteristics, fungal CMHs have a peculiar subcellular distribution and striking biological properties. In Pseudallescheria boydii, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus nidulans, A. fumigatus, and Schizophyllum commune, CMHs are apparently involved in morphological transitions and fungal growth. The elucidation of structural and functional aspects of fungal cerebrosides may therefore contribute to the design of new antifungal agents inhibiting growth and differentiation of pathogenic species.

Structure identification of two new cerebrosides from Helicia nilagirica Beed / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the bioactive components from Helicia nilagirica.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Compounds were separated with a combination of multi-chromatography. Their chemical structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical evidence.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two compounds were isolated from the leaves of Helicia nilagirica. Compound 1 was elucidated as 1-O-3-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S,4R,8Z)-2-[(2'R)-2'-hyd roxylignocenoyl-amino]-8-octadecene-1, 3, 4-triol. Compound 2 was an analogue of 1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The two compounds are new cerebrosides.</p>

A study on the chemical constituents from Polyporus ellissi / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of Polyporus ellissi.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Silica gel column chromatography was applied for the isolation and purification of the constituents. The structures were established by means of spectroscopic and chemical data.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Six compounds were obtained and identified as cerebroside B (I), cerebroside D (II), ergosterol peroxide (III), 9(11)-dehydroergosterol peroxide (IV), mannitol (V) and palmitate-1-glycerol (VI).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds (I) and (II) were isolated from the genus Polyporus for the first time.</p>

Studies on chemical constituents in herba of Lysimachia davurica / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents from the whole plant of Lysimachia davurica.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The constituents were separated and purified by column chromatograph, and identified by spectral analysis and physical data.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Six compounds were isolated and identified as triacontanoic acid(I), palmitic acid(II), beta-amyrin(III), stigmasterol(IV), oleanolic acid(V), soya-cerebroside I (VI).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>I, III, VI were isolated from this gene for the first time.</p>

A study on demyelinating effect of galactocerebroside in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

An experimental allergic encephalomyelitis was induced by bovine myelin basic protein (MBP) and bovine galactocerebroside (GC) on male guinea pigs. Animals were divided into five experimental and one control groups. Among the five experimental groups, three were inoculated with 75 micrograms, 150 micrograms and 300 micrograms of MBP, respectively, to see the dose dependency of demyelination. The fourth group was inoculated with mixture of 75 micrograms of MBP and 180 micrograms of GC and the fifth group with 180 micrograms GC. All inocula was injected intradermally in emulsion state mixed with equal amount of complete Freund adjuvant. Control group was injected with adjuvant only. Clinical symptoms began to appear from 15th day after inoculation and animals were sacrificed on maximum neurologic deficit or 4 to 5 days after the onset of symptoms. Demyelination was observed in 6 out of 8 animals inoculated with MBP/GC mixture, while only 3 out of 24 animals inoculated with various dosage of MBP showed demyelination. The difference was statistically significant. Serum antibodies to MBP and GC were measured by ELISA method. All of the eight animals inoculated with MBP/GC mixture and two animals inoculated with GC had low titer of anti-GC antibodies, while all animals inoculated with MBP, MBP alone or MBP/GC mixture, had high titer of anti-MBP antibodies. Therefor it is concluded that the demyelination is augmented by GC and is not significantly dose-dependent on MBP.

A study on demyelinating effect of galactocerebroside in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

An experimental allergic encephalomyelitis was induced by bovine myelin basic protein (MBP) and bovine galactocerebroside (GC) on male guinea pigs. Animals were divided into five experimental and one control groups. Among the five experimental groups, three were inoculated with 75 micrograms, 150 micrograms and 300 micrograms of MBP, respectively, to see the dose dependency of demyelination. The fourth group was inoculated with mixture of 75 micrograms of MBP and 180 micrograms of GC and the fifth group with 180 micrograms GC. All inocula was injected intradermally in emulsion state mixed with equal amount of complete Freund adjuvant. Control group was injected with adjuvant only. Clinical symptoms began to appear from 15th day after inoculation and animals were sacrificed on maximum neurologic deficit or 4 to 5 days after the onset of symptoms. Demyelination was observed in 6 out of 8 animals inoculated with MBP/GC mixture, while only 3 out of 24 animals inoculated with various dosage of MBP showed demyelination. The difference was statistically significant. Serum antibodies to MBP and GC were measured by ELISA method. All of the eight animals inoculated with MBP/GC mixture and two animals inoculated with GC had low titer of anti-GC antibodies, while all animals inoculated with MBP, MBP alone or MBP/GC mixture, had high titer of anti-MBP antibodies. Therefor it is concluded that the demyelination is augmented by GC and is not significantly dose-dependent on MBP.

Enfermedad de Gaucher / Gaucher's disease

El diagnóstico anatomopatológico de la Enfermedad de Gaucher se ha acomplejado como consecuencia de reiteradas descripciones de la presencia de células características en casos de enfermedades hematológicas, em particular relacionadas con el linfocito B. En estos casos, de acuerdo a la sustancia atesorada las células de Gaucher pueden ser falsas o verdaderas. El caso de una niña de 5 años con severa esplenomegalia, discreta hepatomegalia y compromiso medular óseo (no detectado radiológicamente), nos ha permitido un adecuado estudio morfológico, tanto con Microscopía Fotónica como Electrónica, complementado con estudio bioquímico del parénquima esplénico. Se concluye que, en la Microscopía Fotónica las técnicas morfológicas sólo pueden discernir como falsas aquellas células que muestran en forma sistemática núcleos picnóticos. Que de las técnicas histoquímicas, la presencia de hierro parece significativa que otras, que sólo demuestran que las células son macrófagos activados. La técncia de PAS es totalmente inútil. En todos los casos, la Microscopía Electrónica o la determinación bioquímica, resuelven el problema. Sin embargo,el diagnóstico diferencial definitivo entre la verdadera enfermedad de Gaucher, de la cual posseemos una definición molecular y las diversas asociaciones entre enfermedades hematológicas y células de Gaucher, exige uma adecuada correlación clínico patológica

Los acidos grasos de los cerebrosidos como indice de mielinizacion. / Fatty acids of cerebrosides as a myelinization index

Se estudia el contenido en acidos grasos de los cerebrosidos de dos especies animales en el mismo estado de desarrollo, concluyendose que el grado de mielinizacion en pollo recien nacido es mayor que en rata de 18 dias