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1.
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ; : 39-44, 2012.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-187595

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report the long term results of bifocal treatment in nonrefractive accommodative esotropia and to analyze the changes of accommodative convergence to accommodation (AC/A) ratio. METHODS: Sixteen patients treated with bifocal glasses for at least 5 years were evaluated retrospectively. Angle of deviation at near and distance, refractive error, and AC/A ratio by the lens gradient method were analyzed. The changes of AC/A ratios were also compared after dividing the patients according to continuation or cessation of bifocal therapy. RESULTS: Six patients (38%; bifocal stop group, BSG) were able to stop using bifocal glasses at an average age of 10.8 years (range, 6.5 to 15.4 years) during their follow-up. However, the other ten patients (62%; bifocal continue group, BCG) had to continue using bifocal glasses until the final visit, which was 13.8 years on average (range, 11.3 to 18.5 years). The AC/A ratio decreased from time of bifocal prescription to the last visit in both groups, from 4.4 to 2.7 in the BSG and from 5.9 to 4.5 in the BCG. AC/A ratios were significantly higher (p = 0.03) in the BCG than that of the BSG from the beginning of bifocal treatment and this difference was persistent until the final visit (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The AC/A ratio decreased with age in both groups but was significantly higher throughout the entire follow-up period in the BCG. AC/A ratio at bifocal prescription could be an important factor in predicting response to bifocal treatment.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Accommodation, Ocular/physiology , Cyclopentolate/administration & dosage , Esotropia/physiopathology , Eyeglasses , Phenylephrine/administration & dosage , Retrospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Tropicamide/administration & dosage
2.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2011 Nov; 59(6): 514-516
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-136242

ABSTRACT

To find the optimal dosage of cyclopentolate 1% for cycloplegic refraction in hypermetropes with brown irides, we investigated the difference in cycloplegic auto-refractions obtained after one, two, and three instillations in the same patient. The mean hypermetropia found after three instillations was statistically significantly more compared to that found after one instillation. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean hypermetropia between two and three instillations. There was no significant effect of gender, age, and the presence and type of horizontal deviation. These observations suggest that two drops of cyclopentolate 1% 10 min apart are sufficient for cycloplegic refraction in hypermetropes.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Cyclopentolate/administration & dosage , Cyclopentolate/diagnosis , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Eye Color , Female , Humans , Hyperopia/diagnosis , Iris , Mydriatics/administration & dosage , Mydriatics/diagnosis , Young Adult
3.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2009 Jul; 57(4): 320-322
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-135972

ABSTRACT

A 29-year-old woman who underwent laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopic astigmatism in both eyes presented with severe pain, photophobia and decreased visual acuity in the left eye eight days after surgery. Examination revealed severe anterior uveitis with fibrinous exudates in the anterior chamber, flap edema and epithelial bullae. Laboratory investigations for uveitis were negative and the patient required systemic and intensive topical steroids with cycloplegics to control the inflammation. This case demonstrates that severe anterior uveitis may develop after LASIK and needs prompt and vigorous management for resolution.


Subject(s)
Administration, Topical , Adult , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Astigmatism/complications , Astigmatism/surgery , Cyclopentolate/administration & dosage , Drug Administration Schedule , Exudates and Transudates/metabolism , Female , Humans , Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ/adverse effects , Mydriatics/therapeutic use , Myopia/complications , Myopia/surgery , Prednisolone/administration & dosage , Prednisolone/analogs & derivatives , Steroids/administration & dosage , Uveitis, Anterior/drug therapy , Uveitis, Anterior/etiology , Uveitis, Anterior/metabolism , Uveitis, Anterior/pathology
4.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 72(3): 365-369, May-June 2009. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-521473

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do uso do colírio de ibopamina a 2 por cento nos resultados da campimetria visual computadorizada em indivíduos normais. MÉTODOS: Voluntários oriundos do CEROF-UFG, sem alterações ao exame oftalmológico que pudessem afetar o campo visual foram selecionados. Os indivíduos foram submetidos a exame de perimetria computadorizada SITA-standard 24-2 antes e após dilatação com o colírio de ibopamina a 2 por cento ou ciclopentolato, com intervalo mínimo de 3 dias entre si e em ordem aleatória. Índices globais e número de pontos alterados foram comparados entre os grupos. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 30 olhos de 30 indivíduos normais. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o "mean deviation" (MD) nos pacientes não dilatados e nos mesmos após a instilação da ibopamina (MD: -1,05 ± 0,26 dB vs. -1,47 ± 0,20 dB, P=0,08), o que ocorreu após cicloplegia (MD: -3,19 ± 0,29 dB), P<0,001 para ambos. Na avaliação entre cicloplegia e pré-dilatação, nota-se significância para o "pattern standard deviation" (P=0,04), o que não ocorreu na avaliação com ibopamina. O número de pontos alterados no "pattern deviation" não apresentou diferença significativa entre todos os pares. Quanto ao número de pontos do "total deviation", houve diferença estatisticamente significativa antes da dilatação e após o uso do cicloplégico (n: 8,86 ± 1,51 vs. 25,72 ± 2,96 pontos, P<0,001) e entre olhos após a instilação do cicloplégico e da ibopamina (ibopamina: 9,75 ± 1,85 pontos, P<001). CONCLUSÃO: O colírio de ibopamina 2 por cento aparentemente não afeta os resultados da perimetria computadorizada em indivíduos normais.


PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of 2 percent ibopamine eye drops on the results of computerized visual field exams. METHODS: Normal volunteers from CEROF-UFG were selected, with no variance in the ophthalmologic examination that could affect the visual field test. The volunteers underwent computerized visual field test before and after dilation with 2 percent ibopamine eye drop or cyclopentolate, with a minimum interval of three days between them and in a random order. Global indices and number of altered points were compared between the groups. RESULTS: Thirty eyes of 30 normal individuals were selected. There was no statistically significant difference on Mean Deviation (MD) before and after dilation with ibopamine (MD: -1.05 ± 0.26 dB vs. -1.47 ± 0.20 dB, P=0.08). However, after cycloplegia (MD: -3.19 ± 0.29 dB), there was a significant difference on MD (P<0.001 for both ibopamine and pre-dilation). No significant difference was detected in the Pattern Standard Deviation when comparing ibopamine with pre-dilation and cycloplegia values, but it was statistically significant comparing pre-dilation to cycloplegia (P=0.04). The number of altered points in the Pattern Deviation graphic were not significant comparing all pairs. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of altered points in the total deviation graphic before dilation and after cycloplegia (n: 8.86 ± 1.51 vs. 25.72 ± 2.96 points, P<0.001), and comparing cycloplegia with ibopamine (ibopamine: 9.75 ± 1.85 points, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Ibopamine 2 percent eye drops seem to not modify the results of visual field tests in normal individuals.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Deoxyepinephrine/analogs & derivatives , Mydriatics/administration & dosage , Visual Field Tests , Visual Fields/drug effects , Cyclopentolate/administration & dosage , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Deoxyepinephrine/administration & dosage , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Ophthalmic Solutions/administration & dosage , Time Factors
5.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-69753

ABSTRACT

A prospective cohort study of 200 anisometropic amblyopes was conducted. The patients were classified into two groups. Group A: Patients less than 12 years of age. This consisted of 144 (72%) patients, the average age being 7.77 years (+/-2.34, range 1 to 12). Group B: Patients more than 12 years of age. This comprised 56 (28%) patients, the average age being 19.8 years (+/-5.47, range 12 to 30). Criterion for success was defined as best corrected visual acuity of 20/40 (0.5 logMAR equivalent) or better. The Chi-square test was used to compare baseline characteristics and success rates. There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics between the two groups ( P =0.07). The treatment was successful in 108 (75%) in Group A and in 34 (60.7%) in Group B ( P = 0.07). There was no statistically significant change in the success rate of treatment of anisometropic amblyopia, even beyond 12 years of age.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Amblyopia/physiopathology , Child , Child, Preschool , Cyclopentolate/administration & dosage , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Male , Mydriatics/administration & dosage , Occlusive Dressings , Ophthalmic Solutions , Prospective Studies , Refraction, Ocular , Sensory Deprivation , Treatment Outcome , Visual Acuity
6.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 70(4): 677-682, jul.-ago. 2007. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-461958

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar e comparar os resultados obtidos da refração estática clínica com a obtida por sensor de frentes de onda. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, não seqüencial, de 279 olhos de 147 pacientes. Todos os pacientes foram examinados sob cicloplegia. Primeiro realizamos a refração clínica e a seguir a automatizada por sensor de frentes de onda. Os dados refracionais obtidos foram decompostos para análise vetorial. Foram analisados separadamente os dados de um olho por paciente e dos dois olhos. RESULTADOS: A diferença entre a refração clínica e a automatizada foi de -0,19 DE combinada com -0,06 DC no eixo de 15° para os dados de um olho por paciente e -0,17 DE combinada com -0,05 DC no eixo de 3° para todos os olhos da amostra. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados da refração clínica são comparáveis com os da refração obtida por um sensor de frentes de onda.


PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare refractive errors obtained through clinical subjective and automatized wavefront refraction analyses in eyes under cycloplegia. METHODS: Prospective study of 147 patients, 279 eyes, undergoing preoperative examination for refractive surgery. Clinical subjective refraction was performed first followed by wavefront refraction. Results on astigmatism obtained from refraction were decomposed in power vectors for statistical analyses. Data were first analyzed in one eye and then in both eyes. RESULTS: The mean difference between clinical subjective refraction and automatized wavefront refraction on cycloplegic eyes was of -0.19 SD combined with -0.06 CD in the 15° axis for data in one eye, and -0.17 SD combined with -0.05 CD in the 3° axis for data in both eyes of the same patient. CONCLUSION: In the present study clinical subjective refraction and automatized wavefront refraction under cycloplegia had similar numerical values.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological/instrumentation , Refraction, Ocular , Refractive Errors/diagnosis , Automation , Astigmatism/diagnosis , Cyclopentolate/administration & dosage , Multivariate Analysis , Mydriatics/administration & dosage , Prospective Studies
7.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 63(6): 475-9, nov.-dez. 2000. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-287886

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar a acomodaçäo residual após a instilaçäo de duas drogas ciclopégicas, o ciclopentolato a 1 por cento e a tropicamida a 1 por cento e a associaçäo entre elas. Material e métodos: Selecionamos pacientes de 15 a 25 anos, com íris grau 4 e 5 pela classificaçäo de Seddon e sem nenhum tipo de doença ocular, que procuraram de maneira espontânea o ambulatório de Oftalmologia da Santa Casa de Säo Paulo no período de outubro de 1997 a setembro de 1998. Os 46 pacientes foram submetidos a três exames oftalmológicos completos, em que se testava o potencial de acomodaçäo monocularmente, após a instilaçäo de tropicamida a 1 por cento, com tempo de espera de 20 minutos, ciclopentolato a 1 por cento com tempo de espera de 40 minutos e tropicamida a 1 por cento + ciclopentolato a 1 por cento com intervalo entre as drogas de 5 minutos e com latência de 30 minutos. O intervalo entre os exames era de no mínimo sete dias. Resultados: Näo houve diferença entre os grupos dos emétropes, dos hipermétropes e dos míopes com nenhuma droga instilada (p>0,005). O ciclopentolato a 1 por cento e a associaçäo entre as drogas proporcionaram menor acomodaçäo residual estatisticamente significante, em comparaçäo com a tropicamida a 1 por cento no grupo dos hipermétropes e dos míopes. Conclusäo: O ciclopentolato a 1 por cento e a associaçäo entre as drogas säo seguras para o exame refratométrico estático em pacientes jovens, com íris escura e sem doença ocular, pois proporcionaram uma média da acomodaçäo residual em todos os grupos pesquisados de no máximo 1,21 + ou - 0,7 dioptrias esféricas (DE).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Accommodation, Ocular , Cyclopentolate/pharmacology , Mydriatics/pharmacology , Ophthalmic Solutions/pharmacology , Tropicamide/pharmacology , Cyclopentolate/administration & dosage , Drug Therapy, Combination , Mydriatics/administration & dosage , Refraction, Ocular , Ophthalmic Solutions/administration & dosage , Tropicamide/administration & dosage
8.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 63(1): 25-8, jan.-fev. 2000. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-289971

ABSTRACT

Avaliar a influência da citoplegia sobre a açäo hipotensora ocular do latanoprost em indivíduos normais. Pacientes, materiais e métodos: Foram estudados 17 volutários normais, sem antecedentes de doenças oculares crônicas, trauma ou cirurgias. Foi instilado latanoprost 0,005 por cento em ambos os olhos e após 20 minutos foi instilado ciclopentolato 1 por cento no olho direito. A pressäo intra-ocular (Po) foi medida, pela tonometria de aplanaçäo de Goldmann, antes da instilaçäo do latanoprost e após 20 minutos, 1 hora e 20 minutos, 3 horas e 20 minutos e 4 horas e 20 minutos. A Po foi comparada entre o olho direito (OD) e o olho esquerdo (OE) pelo teste de Wilcoxon. A comparaçäo entre as medidas realizadas em cada olho nas diferentes fases de estudo foi procedida pelo teste de Friedman. A variaçäo percentual da Po foi calculada em cada tempo e comparada entre OD e OE.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Ciliary Body/drug effects , Cyclopentolate/administration & dosage , Mydriatics , Ocular Hypotension
9.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 1990 Sep; 88(9): 266
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-102763
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