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1.
Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences. 2015; 10 (2): 250-256
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-162177

ABSTRACT

To identify factors associated with development of albuminuria in diabetic patients. A hospital based case control study. Fifty diabetic nephropathy patients were compared with 100 diabetic patients without nephropathy. Data were collected using an interview questionnaire. Frequencies, percentages and mean were calculated. Chi-square test, T-test and Univariate logistic regression analysis were used. P < 0.05 was considered significant. An Univariate logistic regression analysis has shown significant associated factors including old age [OR = 8.1] [95%CI = 2.2-30.1], sex [male] [OR = 2.4] [95%CI = 1.18-4.99], the duration of diabetes mellitus above 10 years OR were 4.23 [95%C = 1.6-15.4], associated mild, moderate, and severe hypertension ORs were 5.2 [95%CI = 2.3-11.7], 5.1 [95%CI = 1.5-16.93] and 15.2 [95%CI = 1.4-158.1], respectively, cardiac disease [OR = 3.77] [95%CI = 1.6-8.7], using Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors [ACEIs] and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers [ARBs] [OR = 8.1] [95% CI = 3.61-18.2], low triglyceride level [OR = 0.38] [95%CI = 0.10-0.81]. Six factors showed a significant positive relationship to the progression of albuminuria in diabetic patients. Older age and males were found to be predictors of high albuminuria. Also, cardiac disease, poor hypertension control, the use of ACEIs or ARBs were found to be predictors of higher albuminuria. Low triglyceride levels were significantly associated with low albuminuria. Higher levels of HbA1c showed less albuminuria while body mass index, smoking and retinopathy showed no association to the albuminuria


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Diabetes Mellitus/urine , Diabetic Nephropathies , Case-Control Studies
2.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-834372

ABSTRACT

A nefropatia diabética (ND) é uma complicação crônica grave do diabetes melito (DM); é a principal causa de insuficiência renal terminal. A ND é classificada em 3 estágios conforme a excreção urinária de albumina (EUA): normoalbuminúria (EUA <17 mg/l), microalbuminúria (EUA 17-174 mg/l) e macroalbuminúria (>174 mg/l). Da fase de microalbuminúria pode ocorrer regressão para normoalbuminúria (30% casos) ou progressão para a macroalbuminúria, quando ocorre maior risco de evolução para a doença renal crônica (DRC) terminal. O diagnóstico da ND é realizado através da medida da albumina na urina e pela avaliação da taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG). Recomenda-se a medida da albumina em amostra isolada de urina (primeira da manhã ou amostra casual), podendo-se medir o índice albumina-creatinina ou a concentração de albumina. Valores elevados de albuminúria devem ser confirmados em pelo menos 2 de 3 coletas de urina, em um intervalo de 3 a 6 meses. Na impossibilidade da medida da albuminúria, a medida de proteínas totais (proteinúria @430 mg/l em amostra ou >500 mg/24 h), pode ser utilizada para diagnóstico de fases mais avançadas de ND. Em pacientes com DM tipo 2 o rastreamento deve iniciar ao diagnóstico de DM, e nos pacientes com DM tipo 1 deve ser após os 10 anos de idade; logo após o início da puberdade; ou quando a duração do DM for >5 anos. Se negativo repetir anualmente; e, se positivo, recomenda-se a monitoração mais frequente da albumina urinária. A estimativa da TFG é realizada através de fórmulas que empregam a creatinina sérica, ajustadas para idade, gênero e etnia. São recomendadas as equações do estudo Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) e Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI). Deve ser levado em conta que, em pacientes com DM, essas equações tendem a subestimar a TFG. A ND deve ser identificada o mais precocemente possível e para isto tanto os profissionais de saúde como os pacientes com DM devem ser conscientizados.


Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important chronic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and is the leading cause of end-staage renal disease. DN is classified into stages according to the urinary albumin excretion (UAE): normoalbuminuria (UAE <17 mg/l), microalbuminuria (UAE 17-174 mg/l), and macroalbuminuria (UAE >174 mg/l. From microalbuminuria there might be regression to normoalbuminuria (30% cases) or progression to macroalbuminuria, in which case there is higher risk of progression to advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). DN has a high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rate that is possibly more significant than the progression to terminal CKD. DN diagnosis is established by the measurement of albumin in the urine and assessment of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The measurement of albumin in an isolated urine sample (first morning urine or random sample) is recommended, with the possibility of measuring albumin-creatinine ratio or albumin concentration. High levels of albuminuria should be confirmed by at least 2 out of 3 urine samples within a time interval of 3 to 6 months. If albuminuria cannot be measured, total protein level (proteinuria @ 430 mg/l in a sample or > 500 mg/24 h) can be used to diagnose advanced stages of DN. In patients with type 2 DM, screening should start upon diagnosis of DM, and in patients with type 1 DM, it should be started after the patient turns 10 years old; soon after the onset of puberty; or when the duration of DM is >5 years. In case of negative results, screening should be repeated annually and, if the result is positive, more frequent monitoring of urinary albumin is recommended. GFR estimation is calculated using formulas that employ serum creatinine adjusted for age, gender, and ethnicity. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study and CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease - Epidemiology Collaboration) equations are the recommended. In patients with DM, this equation shows a tendency to underestimate GFR.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Complications , Diabetic Nephropathies/diagnosis , Albuminuria , Diabetes Mellitus/urine , Monitoring, Physiologic , Diabetic Nephropathies/classification , Diabetic Nephropathies/epidemiology , Kidney Diseases/diagnosis , Glomerular Filtration Rate/physiology
3.
Rev. SOCERJ ; 21(3): 148-153, maio-jun. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-500187

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos:Parece haver diferenças na revascularização cirúrgica do miocárdio(RVM), com pior resultados nas mulheres. Objetivo: Avaliar a diferença na letalidade e no percentual de óbitos relacionados ao aparelho circulatório, diabetes mellitus e procedimento(ApCDMC), intra-hospitalar até um 1 ano pós-alta, entre homens e mulheres, submetidos à RVM, pelo sistema único de saúde, no estado do Rio de Janeiro(ERJ), de 1999 a 2003. Métodos:Os dados sobre RVM provieram dos bancos de autorização de internação hospitalar e declaração de óbito do ERJ. O relacionamento probalístico entre foi realizado através do RecLink. Excluiram-se RVM com trocas valvares.Consideraram-se 4 períodos de tempo(em dias): intra-hospitalar, até 30, de 31-180 e de 181-365 dias pós-alta; e 3 faixas etárias (em anos):20-49, 50-69 e >=70 anos percentuais de óbitos e taxas de letalidade por: sexo, faixas etárias, causas do ApCDM e períodos. Resultados: Encontrados 5180 pacientes submetidos à RVM, sendo que 675 morreram até um ano pós-alta. A letalidade intra-hospitalar foi 9,7 por cento nas mulheres e 7,2 por cento nos homens. As letalidades nos períodos de 0-30 dias, 31-180 e 181-365 dias pós-alta foram, respectivamente, nas mulheres: 11,8 por cento, 13,9por cento e 15,5 por cento, e nos homens 9,2 por cento, 10,9 por cento e 11,8 por cento. O percentual de óbitos por causa da ApCDM foi mais frequente nos homens jovens e nas mulheres mais idosas. Conclusões: As taxas de letalidade intra-hospitalar e até um ano pós-alta nas RVM foram mais elevadas nas mulheres no período masi afastado do procedimento, enquanto os homens morreram mais precocemente por essas causas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Diabetes Mellitus/urine , Myocardial Revascularization/classification , Comparative Study , Underlying Cause of Death
4.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol ; 2000 Sep; 18(3): 177-80
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-36650

ABSTRACT

Microalb, an immunoturbidimetric test for screening urinary albumin levels was evaluated for its potential as a screening test for microalbuminuria in diabetic patients. It was compared with the current standard, the radioimmunoassay (RIA). The results showed that the test lacks sensitivity while its specificity was acceptable. Therefore, it can not replace the RIA as the screening method. This study also showed that the first early morning urine could be used if a 24- hour collection was not possible, as its albumin content fairly correlated (r = 0.78) with the 24-hour urine collection of the diabetic patients.


Subject(s)
Adult , Albuminuria/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus/urine , Diabetic Nephropathies/urine , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nephelometry and Turbidimetry/methods , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Radioimmunoassay , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Reagent Strips/diagnosis , Sensitivity and Specificity , Time Factors
5.
Professional Medical Journal-Quarterly [The]. 2000; 7 (1): 70-74
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-55098

ABSTRACT

Type II diabetes is a complex, multi factorial disorder involving both impaired insulin release and end organ in sensitivity. Obesity is an extremely important diabetogenic influence and approximately 80% of type 2 diabetic patients are obese. The of onset of disease is usually after 40 years. Many persons in this age show an exaggerated insulin resistance which may be due to reduction in number of insulin receptors. SETTING: Department of Biochemistry, Fatima Jinnah Medical College, Lahore. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study was undertaken to determine the socio-demographic variables, disease variables, biochemical parameters, protein pattern by electrophoresis and urinary parameters like glucose, fructose etc. Blood sugar, before and after breakfast a s well as blood urea were significantly increased in both male and female patients. Level of protein, albumin, globulin and AG ratio were decreased in patients of both sexes but shows no significant difference. Urinary parameters, such as glucose and fructose appeared in urine of patients. Excretion of glucose in urine was noted in all patients and both glucose and fructose excretion in some. Serum electrophoresis of both male and female patients shows that a protein band of 40-45 Kda is either missing or exhibits lower concentration when compared with electrophoretic profile of normal subjects


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Electrophoresis , Diabetes Mellitus/urine , Blood Glucose
6.
JCPSP-Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan. 1998; 8 (5): 217-220
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-115423

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus [IDDM] and non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus [NIDDM] patients and their relationship with some known chronic complications of diabetes. Four hundred sixty two patients attending the diabetic clinic Chandka Medical College Hospital, Larkana during the period from January 1995 to June 1997 were evaluated for urinary albumin excretion rate [UAE] on 24 hour urine collection. One hundred forty six patients [31.6%] 82 males [56.2%] and 64 [43.8%] females were positive for pathological albuminuria. One hundred eight patients [62 males + 48 females = 23.4%] have microalbuminuria and 38 [2 males + 16 females = 8.2%] have macroalbuminuria. Disease duration was 11.6 +/- 7.3 years [9.8 +/- 6 years in patients with microalbuminuria and 13.4 +/- 5.6 years in those with macroalbuminuria. This prevalence was associated with retinopathy [19%] neuropathy [5.5%] cardiopathy [2.8%]. As albuminuria is a good predictor of early diabetic nephropathy so it is advisable to carry out UAE estimation on first visit and annually so as to prevent and or postpone end stage renal adequate therapy


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Albuminuria/etiology , Diabetic Nephropathies/diagnosis , Diabetic Nephropathies/prevention & control , Proteinuria/etiology , Diabetes Mellitus/urine
7.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 26(1): 75-9, ene.-jun. 1997. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-205328

ABSTRACT

Se utilizaron juegos de reactivos elaborados en el país, para determinar la concentración sérica de fructosamina en pacientes diabéticos. Se analizaron un total de 400 sujetos; 200 "no diabéticos" (grupo control) y 200 diabéticos; 160 del tipo II y 40 del tipo I: cuyas edades oscilaron entre 17 y 22 años, de ambos sexos. Se obtuvieron como resultados diferencias significativas entre el grupo control y los diabéticos y entre los diabéticos tipo I y II. Además, en 60 diabéticos del tipo II se observaron cifras de frustuosamina sérica dentro de los valores de referencia y 2 en los del tipo I. Se concluyó que los juegos de reactivos utilizados son de utilidad para diferenciar sujetos "no diabéticos" de pacientes diabéticos y, adicionalmente, pueden dar información sobre el control metabólico en el diabético con un costo mucho menor que el del mercado internacional


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus/urine , Glucose Tolerance Test , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Cuba
8.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; 30(1): 19-29, mar. 1996. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-177462

ABSTRACT

Se ha utilizado la técnica de muestreo de la fase vapor en equilibrio con matrices líquidas (Static Headspace Analysis, Static HSA) para el estudio de orinas provenientes de niños normales y de pacientes diabéticos. El análisis de los componentes volátiles extraídos a 80 ñ 2º C se efectuó por cromatografía gaseosa empleando una columna rellena con "Porapak Q". Se demuestra que la expresión gráfica de los resultados mediante "perfiles cromatográficos", constituye una forma rápida de caracterizar y diferenciar individuos normales y diabéticos. Se destacan las ventajas de aplicación de esta técnica para contribuir al diagnóstico de algunas patologías matabólicas


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Acetone/urine , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Chromatography, Gas/methods , Ketone Bodies/urine , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Chromatography, Gas/statistics & numerical data , Chromatography, Gas/instrumentation , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/urine , Diabetes Mellitus/urine
9.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 38(4): 207-11, dez. 1994. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-156192

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se a imunoturbidimetria (ITM) é um método acurado para avaliar a excreçäo urinária de albumina (EUA) de pacientes com diferentes graus de comprometimento renal pelo diabete melito (DM). A EUA foi medida por radioimunoensaio (RIE, Diagnostic Product Corporation) e por ITM (Microalb, Ames) em 64 amostras de urina de 24h de 55 pacientes com DM. De acordo com as medidas por RIE, as amostras foram divididas em: normoalbuminúricas (EUA < 20 ncg/min; n=30), microalbuminúricas (EUA > 20 e < 200 mcg/min; mcg/min; n=18) e proteinúricas (EUA > 200 mcg/min; n=16). O coeficiente de variaçäo (CV) intra-ensaio médio da ITM foi calculado a partir de 9 amostras (3 normoalbuminúricas, 3 microalbuminúricas, e proteinúricas) sendo realizadas 10 medidas de cada amostra. Para o CV intersaio médio foram usadas 7 amostras (2 normoalbuminúricas, 3 microalbuminúricas, 2 proteinúricas), sendo realizadas 3 medidas de cada uma em 3 diferentes "Kits". O coeficiente de correlaçäo de Spearman das dosagens por ITM e RIE foi 0,97 e nas amostras normoalbuminúricas = 0,81; microalbuminúricas = 0,72 e proteinúricas = 0,95 (P<0,0001). O CV intra-ensaio médio da ITM foi = 4,7 por cento e nas amostras normoalbuminúricas = 3 por cento e proteinúricas = 3,6 por cento. O CV interensaio médio foi = 5,5 por cento. Conclui-se que a determinaçäo da EUA por ITM é uma técnica exata e precisa e pode ser utilizada para avaliaçäo de pacientes com DM em diferentes estágios de nefropatiadiabética


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Albuminuria , Diabetes Mellitus/urine , Diabetic Nephropathies/diagnosis , Nephelometry and Turbidimetry , Radioimmunoassay , Reproducibility of Results
11.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 51(3): 174-8, mar. 1994. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-138883

ABSTRACT

Con la finalidad de demostrar la utilidad de la prueba colorimétrica semicuantitativa de azul de bromofenol para la detección de microalbuminuria en pacientes con diabetes mellitus insulino dependiente, se realizó un estudio comparativo entre este método y la determinación cuantitativa de microalbuminuria por radioinmunoanálisis (RIA). Se analizaron por duplicado para el método semicuantitativo y de manera única para RIA las orinas de 82 pacientes, y se encontró una sensibilidad de 60 por ciento, una especificidad del 83.3 por ciento, una falsa alarma de 16.6 por ciento, valor predictivo positivo de 33.3 por ciento y valor negativo de 93.7 por ciento. Se concluye que la determinación colorimétrica semicuantitativa de azul de bromofenol es útil para descartar la existencia de microalbuminuria, pero que su confiabilidad es limitada para diagnosticar la existencia de microalbuminuria, por lo que los resultados positivos por este método, deben de corroborarse mediante determinación cuantitativa específica


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Albuminuria/diagnosis , Albuminuria/urine , Bromphenol Blue , Bromphenol Blue/analysis , Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology , Diabetes Mellitus/urine , Diabetic Nephropathies/diagnosis , Diabetic Nephropathies/urine , Radioimmunoassay
12.
Rev. cuba. endocrinol ; 3(1): 20-3, ene.-jun. 1992. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-120919

ABSTRACT

Comparamos los resultados obtenidos por 2 métodos de determinación de glucosa en orina: polarimétrico, con uso del Laserpol 1 y semicuantitativo, con el uso de las tiras reactivas VISUAL. Encontramos una magnifica correlación entre ambos métodos (r = 0,331) los cuales pudieran emplearse, de acuerdo con los requerimientos del momento, con suficiente confiabilidad. El primero debe ser utilizado cuando se requiera glucosuria de 24 horas como seguimiento y el segundo lo recomendamos en aquellos casos de urgencia que requieren el resultado en pocos minutos


Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus/urine , Glycosuria/diagnosis , Reagent Strips
13.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-43181

ABSTRACT

1H-NMR spectra of 60 human urine specimens were recorded without pretreatment by a JEOL FX 90 Q spectrometer operating at 89.55 MHz. The signals of the methyl protons of creatinine (3.04 +/- 0.02 ppm) were observed in all spot fasting morning urine samples collected from 7 healthy persons, 10 patients with nephrotic syndrome and 43 patients with diabetes mellitus. The concentrations of creatinine measured by NMR spectroscopy (Y) and the chemical assay based on the Jaffe reaction (X), over the range of 19-190 mg/dl, were compared by the least-squares linear regression analysis (Y = 6.7799 + 0.6717 X). The mean urinary creatinine concentration by NMR spectroscopy appeared to be lower than that obtained by the Jaffe reaction at the normal and high normal levels. In the urine of 20 diabetic patients with an average blood glucose of 251.30 +/- 50.26 (SD) mg/dl typical spectra of the multiple large signals of glucose protons at position from 3.13 +/- 0.04 to 4.04 +/- 0.12 (SD) ppm were shown. Moreover, some urinary metabolites and amino acids spectra were occasionally detected at one time.


Subject(s)
Creatinine/urine , Diabetes Mellitus/urine , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Nephrotic Syndrome/urine , Urine/chemistry
14.
Assiut Medical Journal. 1990; 14 (2): 215-20
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-15417

ABSTRACT

A reduction of Mn [VII] to Mn [VI] in slightly alkaline medium was applied for the detection of total reducing substance [TRS], glucose reducing substances [GRS] and non-glucose reducing substances [NGRS] in the urine of diabetic patients. A determination of GRS in the presence of NGRS in the urine was performed using El-form of the anion exchanger Lewitit MP600. GRS in the urine of uncontrolled diabetic patients ranged between 40 and 3.3 g/l and the range of TRS and NGS was 45-6.6 and 5.0-3.3 g/l, respectively. The concentration of urine reducing substance, which is below or above the limits of Benedict's method, can be determined by the developed method


Subject(s)
Glycosuria , Diabetes Mellitus/urine
15.
Med. U.P.B ; 7(1): 15-26, mayo 1988. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-72236

ABSTRACT

El automonitoreo de la glucosa es una herramienta util dentro del tratamiento de la diabetes que facilita el control de la glicemia asi como el balance de la alimentacion, las actividades fisicas y la medicacion. este articulo describe las tecnicas para utlizar el automonitoreo tanto en orina como en sangre en las diferentes modalidades del tratamiento. Se describen algunos algoritmos para realizar modificaciones en la dosis del medicamento.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Diabetes Mellitus/urine
16.
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