Qualidade microscópica e microbiológica de polpas de açaí congeladas comercializadas em supermercados de Teresina-PI / Microscopic and microbiological quality of frozen açai poles, marketed in Teresina-PI supermarkets

Falhas nas etapas do processamento do açaí afetam a qualidade da polpa. Desta forma, objetivou-se analisar a qualidade microscópica e microbiológica de polpas de açaí congeladas, comercializadas em supermercados de Teresina-PI. As amostras de açaí foram adquiridas em cincos supermercados e em seguidas foram submetidas às análises de sujidades e microbiológicas (Coliformes e Salmonella spp.). Os resultados microbiológicos indicaram que houve ausência de coliformes termotolerantes e Salmonella ssp. nas polpas de açaí analisadas. Todas as polpas analisadas apresentaram matérias estranhas tais como, fragmentos de insetos, pelo animal, filamentos de fungos, fibra sintética, fragmentos de caroço e casca e adulteração por adição de amido. Portanto, as polpas de açaí congeladas necessitam de atenção pelos órgãos fiscalizadores.

Avaliação microbiológica de hambúrgueres industrializados congelados comercializados na cidade de Maceió, AL / Microbiological evaluation of frozen commercialized hamburgers commercialized in the city of Maceió, AL

O hambúrguer é um produto industrializado de origem animal, extremamente utilizado pela população principalmente pela sua praticidade no consumo. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a análise microbiológica de hambúrgueres congelados comercializados em Maceió-AL. Foram selecionadas nove marcas comerciais de hambúrgueres dos tipos: bovino, frango e misto (bovino e frango), foram pesquisados os seguintes micro-organismos: bactérias do grupo coliformes, Estafilococos coagulase positiva e Salmonella sp. As amostras das marcas comerciais B (misto), E (frango), F (misto), H (bovino) apresentaram contaminação por coliformes a 35 ºC e 45 ºC, porém dentro dos padrões da legislação brasileira. Para inibir o crescimento de micro-organismos nos alimentos cárneos é necessário manter a temperatura de armazenamento e distribuição a -18 °C, além da conservação destes em equipamentos adequadamente higienizados, de forma a garantir a qualidade sanitária do produto. De acordo com os resultados encontrados, todos os hambúrgueres congelados industrializados avaliados estavam aptos para consumo.

The burger is a product of animal origin used by the population, highly industrialized mainly for your convenience in consumption. This work aimed to carry out microbiological analysis of frozen hamburgers marketed in enniskillen has been selected nine trademarks of burgers: beef, chicken and mixed (beef and chicken), were searched the following microorganisms: bacteria of the coliform group, coagulase positive and salmonella sp. In trademarks b (mixed), and(chicken), f (mixed), h (veal) samples obtained coliform contamination to 35° c and 45° c, but within the brazilian legislation standards. To inhibit the growth of microorganisms in meat food is necessary to maintain the temperature of storage and distribution, in-18° c, in addition to the conservation of these properly sanitized equipment, to ensure the sanitary quality of the product. According to the results all the frozen processed burgers were able for consumption.

Physicochemical quality assessment of Brazilian frozen beef imported into Algeria

BACKGROUND: In recent decades, imported boneless and frozen beef has invaded the Algerian market. However, the true appreciation of the quality of this product can only be obtained by laboratory analyzes and examinations. AIMS: The aim of the current study was to assess physicochemical parameters of the imported boneless and frozen beef meat dedicated for human consumption. METHODS: Twenty (20) samples of neck, blade bolar, brisket, blade oyster, Forequarter (FQ)/hindquarter (HQ) shin-shank were purchased from the Regional Meat Office in Saida city, Algeria. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, water, ash, protein and fat content were analyzed according to standard procedures. RESULTS: Our results showed a highly significant variability concerning protein and fat content of the five categories of analyzed pieces (p=0.002). Fat content ranged from 0.43g to 4.04g per 100g of edible portion, for which we found low intramuscular fat contents in the lumps. However, the pH values obtained generally characterized RFN (Red, Firm, and Normal) meat. CONSLUSIONS: In view of the results obtained from this study, the overall chemical composition is satisfactory, except for the fat content which constitutes a parameter to be discussed and which depends on the taste of the consumer

Prevalence and serotype distribution of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from foods in Montevideo-Uruguay

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to study the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in foods obtained in retail shops and food industries located in Montevideo-Uruguay, and to identify the serogroups of the obtained isolates. Three-thousand one-hundred and seventy-five food samples (frozen, deli meats, ready-to-eat and cheese) were analyzed. The obtained isolates were serogrouped by multiplex PCR and serotyped by conventional procedure. Genetic comparisons were performed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis on a sub-set of isolates belonging to the same serotype successively recovered from the same establishment. L. monocytogenes was isolated from 11.2% of samples. The highest prevalence was observed in frozen foods (38%), followed by cheese (10%). 1/2b and 4b were the most frequently identified serotypes. In six of 236 analyzed establishments we successively recovered L. monocytogenes isolates belonging to the same serotype. Most of them corresponded to serotype 1/2b. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles suggest that at least 33% of L. monocytogenes 1/2b isolates are genetically related and that may remain viable for prolonged periods. The observed prevalence of L. monocytogenes was lower than reported in neighboring countries. Our findings highlight the role that frozen foods may play in the spread of this pathogen, and the relevance of serotypes 1/2b and 4b.

Resistência antimicrobiana em Enterococcus faecalis e Enterococcus faecium isolados de carcaças de frango / Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from poultry carcasses

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o isolamento e analisar o perfil de resistência antimicrobiana de Enterococcus de carcaças de frango resfriadas e congeladas comercializadas no Distrito Federal, detectando genes de resistência antimicrobiana e identificando as espécies Enterococcus faecalis e Enterococcus faecium por reação polimerase em cadeia. Foram analisadas 100 carcaças de frangos, das quais foram isoladas 50 cepas de Enterococcus spp., sendo 42% de E. faecalis e 2% de E. faecium. O teste de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana demonstrou que todas as cepas isoladas apresentaram resistência a pelo menos um antimicrobiano, dos quais 90,47% das cepas de E. faecalis, 100% das cepas de E. Faecium e 82,14% dos Enterococcus spp. apresentaram resistência à Tetraciclina; 80,95% das cepas de E. faecalis e 35,71% das cepas de Enterococcus spp. foram resistentes à Eritromicina; 39,28% dos Enterococcus spp. e 23,80% dos E. faecalis à Ciprofloxacina e 28,57% dos E. faecalis apresentaram resistência ao Cloranfenicol. Foram detectados os genes de resistência antimicrobiana erm(B), vanC-1, aph(3')-llla, ant(6)-la, vanB, vanA, aac(6')-le-aph(2'')-la, erm(A) e tet(M) - este último mais frequente. Estes resultados sugerem sérios problemas para a Saúde Pública, uma vez que esses microrganismos podem possuir a capacidade de transmitir genes de resistência antimicrobiana para outros microrganismos presentes na microbiota intestinal de humanos e animais, podendo inviabilizar o uso destas drogas para tratamentos clínicos.

The aim of this study was to isolate and analyze the antimicrobial profile resistance of Enterococcus from cooled and frozen poultry carcasses commercialized at the Federal District area, detecting the antimicrobial resistance genes and identifying Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium by polymerase chain reaction. One hundred poultry carcasses were analyzed and 50 strains of Enterococcus spp. were isolated, of which 42% were E. faecalis and 2% E. faecium. The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that all isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic; 90,47% of E. faecalis, 100% of E. faecium and 82,14% of Enterococcus spp. were resistant to Tetracycline; 80,95% of E. faecalis and 35,71% of Enterococcus spp. strains were resistant to Erythromycin; 39,28% of Enterococcus spp. and 23,80% of E. faecalis to Ciprofloxacin, and 28,57% of E. faecalis were resistant to Chloramphenicol. There were detected erm(B), vanC-1, aph(3')-llla, ant(6)-la, vanB, vanA, aac(6')-le-aph(2'')-la, erm(A) and tet(M) resistance genes, the last one most often verified. The results might suggest problems for public health due the high resistance, since these microorganisms have ability to transmit genes for antimicrobial resistance to others in the intestinal tract of humans and animals. Thus, the use of these drugs for clinical treatment could be hindered.

Avaliação microbiológica e parasitológica de carne de caranguejo comercializada em São Luís, MA / Microbiological and parasitological evaluation of crab meat commercialized in São Luís, MA

O caranguejo é um produto que participa da culinária maranhense, sendo de fácil aquisição em feiras e mercados. Por ser um alimento normalmente consumido cru ou após leve fervura, torna-se um veículo de disseminação de microorganismos enteropatogênicos. O estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade microbiológica da carne de caranguejo comercializada em supermercados e feiras da cidade de São Luís, MA.

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in chicken carcasses at retail in 15 Brazilian cities / Prevalencia y resistencia a los antimicrobianos de Salmonella en polloscongelados de venta al por menor en 15 ciudades del Brasil

Objetivo. Describir la prevalencia y la resistencia a los antibióticos de Salmonella spp. en canales de pollo congeladas de venta al por menor en 15 ciudades del Brasil. Métodos. Entre septiembre del 2004 y julio del 2006 se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo de los datos del Programa Nacional Brasileño de Vigilancia de la Prevalenciade la Resistencia Bacteriana en el Pollo (PREBAF). Durante el programa serecolectaron canales de pollo en 15 capitales estatales del Brasil, en las cinco regiones geográficas del país. Para aislar Salmonella spp. e identificar los serotipos, se usaron las técnicas convencionales. Para evaluar la resistencia frente a 18 antibióticos, se usó el método de la concentración inhibitoria mínima. Resultados. En las 2 679 canales de pollo examinadas, la prevalencia de Salmonella spp. fue de 2,7% (amplitud, 0,0%–8,9%). El 50,6% de las muestras positivas provinieron del estado de São Paulo. Se identificaron 18 serotipos. Los más frecuentes fueron Salmonella Enteritidis (48,8%), Salmonella Infantis (7,6%), Salmonella Typhimurium (7,2%) y Salmonella Heidelberg (6,4%). Las 250 cepas evaluadas fueron resistentes auno o más antibióticos, y 133 (53,2%) fueron multirresistentes (≥ 3 clases de antibióticos). Salmonella Heidelberg fue resistente a la ceftriaxona (75,0%) y al ceftiofur (43,8%). Conclusiones. La prevalencia de Salmonella spp. en este estudio fue relativamente baja. Sin embargo, hubo una proporción elevada de cepas multirresistentes, inclusivea las cefalosporinas de tercera generación usadas para tratar la salmonelosis invasora. Los resultados confirman la relevancia del programa PREBAF, el cual se recomienda mejorar, por ejemplo, mediante un análisis oportuno de los datos. También es necesario revisar los límites permitidos de Salmonella spp. en el pollo que se vende al por menor en el Brasil.

Objective. To describe the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. in frozen chicken carcasses at retail from 15 Brazilian cities. Methods. A descriptive study of data from the Brazilian National Program for Monitoring the Prevalence of Bacterial Resistance in Chicken (PREBAF) was conducted from September 2004 to July 2006. The program collected chicken carcasses in 15 state capitals of Brazil inthe five geographic regions of the country. Standardized methodologies were used to isolate Salmonella spp. and identify serotypes. The minimal inhibitory concentration method wasused to test resistance to 18 antimicrobials. Results. In 2 679 carcasses examined, the prevalence of Salmonella spp. was 2.7% (range0.0%–8.9%). São Paulo State produced 50.6% of positive samples. Eighteen serotypes were identified. The most frequently occurring were Salmonella Enteritidis (48.8%), Salmonella Infantis (7.6%), Salmonella Typhimurium (7.2%), and Salmonella Heidelberg (6.4%). All 250 strains tested were resistant to one or more antibiotics, and 133 (53.2%) were multidrug resistant (≥ 3 classes). S. Heidelberg was resistant to ceftriaxone (75.0%) and to ceftiofur (43.8%).Conclusions. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. found in this study was relatively low. However, there were a high proportion of multidrug-resistant strains, including thirdgenerationcephalosporins used to treat invasive salmonellosis. The results confirm the relevance of the PREBAF program. It is recommended that PREBAF be improved, including a timely data analysis. A review of permitted limits for Salmonella spp. in retail chicken in Brazil is also needed.

Mycological evaluation of imported frozen meat

A total of 100 random samples of imported frozen boneless beef meat of different cuts were collected from different Alexandria markets. The samples were transferred in an insulated ice box to the laboratory with minimum time of delay under aseptic condition, where they were examined mycologically. The results revealed the isolation of Aspergillus species, Penicillium species, Cladosporium species, Rhizopus species, Mucor species, Alternaria species, Trichoderma species, Helminthosporium species, Phialophora species, Geotrichum species, Fusarium species and other fungi species from the examined samples. Also, the results revealed the isolation of some yeast species as Candida species, Torulopsis species and Rhodotorulla species. The obtained results showed that the imported frozen meat can be contaminated with yeast and mould due to inadequate hygienic measurements during loading, disloading, handling, preparation and processing from the time of slaughtering till reaching to the consumer

Antibiotic resistance of enterococci isolated from frozen foods and environmental water.

We evaluated 239 isolates of enterococci (113 from frozen foods and 126 from environmental water) for their resistance to 8 antibiotics by agar disk diffusion method. Most isolates from both sources were resistant to tetracycline (64.1% food strains; 46.8% water strains) and ciprofloxacin (53.4% food strains; 48.4% water strains). A relatively high prevalence of chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and vancomycin resistance was present, ranging from 9.7 to 27.2% for food strains and 10.3 to 15.9% for water strains; while other drug resistance (ampicillin, gentamicin and teicoplanin) was minimal (< or = 0.9% for food strains; < or = 1.6% for water strains). No significant differences in resistant rates between the two sources were found for any of the drugs (p>0.05) except tetracycline (p<0.05). The majority of isolates from both sources were multi-resistant strains (50% for food strains and 42% for water strains). Most of them showed resistance to two drugs. There was no significant difference in the non-resistance patterns and the multidrug resistance patterns (p>0.05) between the frozen food and environmental water strains, but a significant difference was seen in the single drug resistance pattern (p<0.05). Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) were isolated from nearly all sources studied, 9.7% food isolates and 10.3% water isolates, with no significant difference between the two sources (p>0.05). This study shows a high prevalence of multidrug resistance among enterococci isolated from foods of animal origin and environmental water. This may serve as a potential transfer route of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistant genes into the human food-chain and environment which could potentially pose a health threat to humans in the future. The use of antibiotics for purposes other than human health, ie in animal feeds and in the treatment of infection in animals, should be reduced and eventually eliminated. Improved hygiene practices and controlled use of antibiotics in agriculture, animal husbandry, and fisheries are desirable for environmental management and public health protection.

Avaliaçäo de polpas de frutas congeladas comercializadas no Estado do Ceará através de indicadores microbiológicos / Evaluation of pulps of frozen fruits marketed in the State of Ceará assisted to the Microbiology Patterns

Durante o período de abril a novembro de 1998, 43 (quarenta e três) amostras de diferentes polpas de frutas congeladas comercializadas no Estado do Ceará foram analisadas quanto a presença de bolores e leveduras e coliformes totais e fecais, utilizando-se a metodologia recomendada pelo ICMSF (1980). Os resultados indicaram que 32 amostras (74,5 por cento) atendiam aos Padröes microbiológicos para polpas de frutas congeladas recentemente aprovados pela Instruçäo Normativa de 13/09/99 do Ministério da Agricultura e do Abastecimento e 11 (25,5 por cento) apresentaram-se fora dos limites estabelecidos pela referida Instruçäo.

Avaliaçäo microbiológica de polpas congeladas de frutas produzidas no estado da Bahia / Microbiological evaluation of freezing fruit pulp produced in Bahia-Brazil

Foram avaliadas as características microbiológicas das polpas congeladas de abacaxi, cajá, caju, goiaba, manga e maracujá, de alguns produtores do estado da Bahia, nas quais realizaram-se os seguintes exames: bolores e leveduras, coliformes totais e fecais. Os resultados revelaram que as polpas de cajá, caju, goiaba, manga, maracujá apresentaram uma contaminaçäo por bolores e leveduras relativamente alta e evidenciaram com freqüência a presença de bactérias indicadoras de contaminaçäo fecal, estando em desacordo com a Portaria n§01/87 do Ministério da Saúde. A polpa de abacaxi apresentou uma contaminaçäo por bolores e leveduras relativamente baixa e ausência de coliformes fecais. Há necessidade de assistência tecnológica a essas empresas, pois a qualidade microbiológica insatisfatória indica que há falhas higiênicas durante o processamento, operaçöes deficientes de limpeza e sanificaçäo dos equipamentos, utensílios, unidade de fabricaçäo, matéria prima inadequada, más condiçöes de armazenamento.

Controle de qualidade microbiológica em produtos de confeitaria preparados e congelados / Control of microbiological quality in samples frozen and refrigerated from confectioners shop

o aumento do consumo de alimentos preparados congelados e/ou resfriados despertou interesse na averiguaçäo da qualidade microbiológica dos mesmos em relaçäo a presença de coliformes fecais, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Clostrídio sulfitoredutor, Bolores e Leveduras. Foram realizadas análises em 31 amostras de produtos de confeitaria (salgados) do município de Cuiabá, estado de Mato Grosso no período de 20/02 à 01/04/95, das quais 53,87 por cento foram classificadas como produtos em condiçöes higiênico-sanitárias insatisfatórias para o consumo humano, sendo 21,73 por cento potencialmente capazes de causar toxinfecçöes alimentares, e apenas 24,40 por cento estavam dentro dos padröes estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Saúde.

Aislamiento de Salmonellas Atípicas en camarones congelados / Isolation of atypical Salmonellas from frozen shrimps

Se analizaron 70 muestras de camarones congelados de producción nacional, para determinar Salmonella spp. y valorar la calidad sanitaria mediante el indicador coliformes fecales. Se realizó caracterización bioquímica de las cepas aisladas con imágenes atípicas de Salmonella en el medio Kligler. Todas las muestras dieron resultados < 0,3 NMP/g de coliformes fecales, se aisló Salmonella spp. en 14 muestras y Salmonella arizonae en 5, pues coincidieron 2 especies de Salmonella para el 25,7 por ciento de positividad, en una misma muestra. De las 14 muestras positivas a Salmonella spp., 10 eran de cepas con imágenes atípicas en el medio de Kligler y las 4 restantes, que tenían imágenes típicas, fueron negativas a la prueba de descarboxilación de la lisina. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran falta de relación entre el indicador coliforme fecales y la presencia de Salmonella en un producto congelado. Se debe tener en cuenta las imágenes atípicas de Salmonella en este tipo de producto para no dar resultados falsos negativos

Studies on frozen meat as a possible source of occupational infections

The objective of the present study is to determine the bacteriological and mycological status of frozen meat and to study the possibility of becoming a source of infection to the personnel actually h and ling such meat. The examination of the surface of 53 imported frozen meat specimens revealed the recovery of Staphylococcus aureus [7.5%], Shigella spp. [13.2%] and Proteus [3.8%], Aspergillus niger [11.35%], A. flavus [5.7%], A. clavatus [3.8%], Rhizopus [7.5%], Penicillium [15.1%], Alternaria [3.8%], Fusarium [3.8%], Rhodotorula [7.5%] and C and ida albicans [5.7%]. The examination of swabs obtained from the h and s of 14 meat h and lers resulted in the isolation of Staph. aureus [7.1%], Shigella spp. [14.3%] and Proteus [7.1%], Aspergillus niger [14.3%], A. flavus [35.7%], A. clavatus [21.4%], Rhizopus [7.1%], Penicillium [14.3%], Alternaria [14.3%], Fusarium [7.1%], Rhodotorula [21.4%] and C and ida albicans [35.7%]