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1.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e257126, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1529221

ABSTRACT

O texto é um relato de experiência da participação no Grupo de Estudos psicoQuilombologia ocorrida nos meses de setembro de 2020 a março de 2021, período atravessado pela segunda onda da pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. O objetivo do relato é apresentar o conceito-movimento de psicoQuilombologia como uma proposta epistemológica quilombola de agenciamento de cuidado e saúde, com base em uma escuta que se faça descolonial e inspirada no fecundo e ancestral acervo de cuidado dos povos africanos, quilombolas e pretos, preservado e atualizado em nossos quilombos contemporâneos. A metodologia utilizada é a escrevivência, método desenvolvido por Conceição Evaristo que propõe uma escrita em que as vivência e memórias estão totalmente entrelaçadas, imersas e imbricadas com a pesquisa. O resultado das escrevivências dessa pesquisa descortinam que os povos pretos desenvolveram práticas de cuidado e acolhimento às vulnerabilidades do outro, enraizadas no fortalecimento de laços e conexões coletivas de afetos e cuidado mútuos. Práticas de cuidado que articulam memória, ancestralidade, tradição, comunidade, transformação, luta, resistência e emancipação, engendrando modos coletivos de ser e viver. Nas quais cuidar do outro implica tratar suas relações e situar o cuidado como extensão de uma cura que se agencia no coletivo. O trabalho conclui apontando que o cenário pandêmico vigente acentua a pungência de se desenvolver estratégias de cuidado baseadas em epistemologias pretas e quilombolas, valorizando os sentidos de ancestralidade, comunidade, pertencimento e emancipação.(AU)


The text is an experience report of the participation in the psicoQuilombology Study Group that carried out from September 2020 to March 2021, during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. The purpose of the report is to introduce the concept-movement of psicoQuilombology as a quilombola epistemological proposal for the development of care and health, based on a decolonial listening and inspired by the rich care collection of African peoples, quilombolas and Blacks, preserved and updated in our contemporary quilombos. The methodology used is writexperience [escrevivências], a method developed by Conceição Evaristo who proposes a writing in that the experiences and memories are totally involved with the research. The result of the writability of this research show that Black people have developed practices of care and acceptance of the other's vulnerabilities, based on the strengthening of ties and collective connections of mutual affection and care. Care practices that mix memory, ancestry, tradition, community, transformation, struggle, resistance and emancipation, outlining collective ways of being and living. The core idea is that taking care of the other means treating your relationships and maintaining care as an extension of a cure that takes place in the collective. The paper concludes by pointing out that the current pandemic scenario demonstrates the urgent need to develop care strategies based on black and quilombola epistemologies, valuing the senses of ancestry, community, belonging and emancipation.(AU)


Este es un reporte de experiencia de la participación en el Grupo de Estudio psicoQuilombología que ocurrió en los meses de septiembre de 2020 a marzo de 2021, periodo en que Brasil afrontaba la segunda ola de la pandemia de la COVID-19. Su propósito es presentar el concepto-movimiento de psicoQuilombología como una propuesta epistemológica quilombola para el desarrollo del cuidado y la salud, basada en una escucha decolonial e inspirada en el rico acervo asistencial de los pueblos africanos, quilombolas y negros, conservado y actualizado en nuestros quilombos contemporáneos. La metodología utilizada es la escrivivencia, un método desarrollado por Conceição Evaristo quien propone una escrita en que las vivencias y los recuerdos están totalmente involucrados con la investigación. El resultado de la escrivivencia muestra que las personas negras han desarrollado prácticas de cuidado y aceptación de las vulnerabilidades del otro, basadas en el fortalecimiento de lazos y conexiones colectivas de afecto y cuidado mutuos. Prácticas de cuidado que mezclan memoria, ascendencia, tradición, comunidad, transformación, lucha, resistencia y emancipación, perfilando formas colectivas de ser y vivir. El cuidar al otro significa tratar sus relaciones y mantener el cuidado como una extensión de una cura que tiene lugar en lo colectivo. El trabajo concluye que el actual escenario pandémico demuestra la urgente necesidad de desarrollar estrategias de atención basadas en epistemologías negras y quilombolas, y que valoren los sentidos de ascendencia, comunidad, pertenencia y emancipación.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Black or African American , Health Strategies , Problem-Based Learning , Knowledge , Empathy , Pandemics , COVID-19 , Quilombola Communities , Poverty , Prejudice , Psychology , Public Policy , Quality of Life , Religion , Audiovisual Aids , Social Behavior , Social Conditions , Social Desirability , Social Dominance , Social Identification , Socioeconomic Factors , Stereotyping , Violence , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Mainstreaming, Education , Attitude , Ethnicity , Family , Mental Health , Colonialism , Congresses as Topic , Basic Sanitation , Community Participation , Life , Cooperative Behavior , Internet , Culture , Spiritual Therapies , Personal Autonomy , Spirituality , Vulnerable Populations , Black People , Agriculture , Education , Ego , User Embracement , Existentialism , Racism , Social Marginalization , Human Migration , Ethnic Violence , Enslavement , Moral Status , Frailty , Survivorship , Political Activism , Social Construction of Ethnic Identity , Nation-State , Freedom , Social Vulnerability Index , Solidarity , Empowerment , Social Evolution , Sociodemographic Factors , Systemic Racism , Ethnic and Racial Minorities , Cognitive Restructuring , Social Vulnerability , Citizenship , Diversity, Equity, Inclusion , Working Conditions , African People , Traditional Medicine Practitioners , Hierarchy, Social , History , Homing Behavior , Household Work , Housing , Human Rights , Individuality , Life Change Events , Mass Behavior
2.
Investig. desar ; 30(1): 198-248, ene.-jun. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1385966

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Tras la firma del acuerdo de paz entre el Gobierno colombiano y las FARC-EP se destinaron alrededor del país algunos Espacios Territoriales de Capacitación y Reincorporación (ETCR) como parte del proceso de reincorporación de los excombatientes, cuyo desarrollo y consecución ha tenido grandes dificultades para alcanzar lo pactado en el marco del proceso de paz (demoras, negligencias, rutas claras de reincorporación, seguridad, tensiones políticas). Con base en un trabajo de campo en dos ETCR, uno en la vereda La Fila y otro en El Oso, en el departamento del Tolima, conversamos con algunos firmantes del Acuerdo de Paz y registramos a nivel audiovisual las maneras de apropiación e intervención de estos espacios donde convergen integrantes del partido Comunes, instituciones nacionales, extranjeras y comunidades vecinas. Este trabajo propone una perspectiva sobre los ETCR como guetos de integración y exclusión de los excombatientes. Además, destacamos de qué manera la convivencia en los espacios ha tejido modos de habitar los ETCR expresados en las adecuaciones al espacio, órdenes y símbolos otorgados por firmantes de paz en proceso de reincorporación.


ABSTRACT After the signing of the peace agreement between the Colombian government and the former FARC-EP guerrilla, some Territorial Training and Reincorporation Spaces (ETCR, by its Spanish acronym) were allocated around the country as part of the reincorporation process for ex-combatants, whose development and achievement has had great difficulties in accomplishing what has been agreed in the framework of the peace process (delays, negligence, clear routes of reincorporation, security, political tensions). Based on fieldwork in two ETCRs, one in La Fila and the other in El Oso, in Tolima (Andean region, in the center-west of the country), we spoke with some signatories of the Peace Agreement. During our visit, we recorded at the audiovisual level how these spaces, where members of the Comunes party, national institutions, foreign countries, and neighboring communities converge, are being appropriated and intervened. This paper proposes a perspective on the ETCRs as ghettos of integration and exclusion of ex-combatants. In addition, we highlight how coexistence in spaces has created ways of inhabiting the ETCRs expressed in the adaptations to spaces, orders, and symbols given by peace signatories in the process of reincorporation


Subject(s)
Humans , Safety , Residence Characteristics , Homing Behavior , Organizations , Government , Malpractice
3.
Rev. luna azul ; 47: 196-220, 01 julio 2018. tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1008825

ABSTRACT

El presente artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo realizar una lectura etnográfica de las estrategias comunitarias que los cabildos indígenas quillacingas del municipio de Pasto han implementado para adaptarse y mitigar los efectos nocivos generados por el cambio climático sobre el paisaje cultural (geografía sagrada). El texto se enfoca en los efectos de este fenómeno sobre el buen vivir y el etnodesarrollo. La investigación adelantada corresponde al enfoque cualitativo de carácter hermenéutico, en donde se aplicó el método etnográfico, utilizándose las siguientes técnicas de recolección de la información: la entrevista, el taller y la observación participante. La unidad de trabajo estuvo conformada por doce integrantes de los cuatro cabildos quillacingas, para un total de cuarenta y ocho participantes entre miembros, líderes y personas mayores de 40 años que por su conocimiento del medio ambiente local se consideraron como informantes clave. El estudio permitió establecer que el cambio climático está generando efectos adversos sobre el buen vivir en la etnia de los quillacingas, especialmente debido a las alteraciones en la concepción del tiempo y en el manejo del territorio respecto a los ciclos de producción agrícola, los ritos estacionales, las labores tradicionales y las prácticas comunitarias, así como el consecuente desplazamiento de algunos miembros de la familia hacia las ciudades en búsqueda de oportunidades de vida que son esquivas para ellos. Todo esto ha contribuido a aumentar la pobreza y la miseria, la desprotección, la inseguridad y la violencia, el desarraigo hacia sus territorios y la pérdida de identidad cultural.


The objective of this research paper is to make an ethnographic reading of the community strategies that the Quillacingas ethnic group councils of the Municipality of Pasto have implemented to adapt and mitigate the harmful effects generated by climate change on the cultural landscape (sacred geography). The text focuses on the effects of this phenomenon on good living and ethno-development. The research carried out corresponds to the qualitative approach of hermeneutical nature, where the ethnographic method was applied using the following techniques of information gathering: the interview, the workshop and the participant observation. The work unit consisted of twelve members of the four Quillacingas councils, for a total of forty-eight participants among members, leaders and people over 40 years of age who, because of their knowledge of the local environment, were considered as key informants. The results allowed establishing that climate change is generating adverse effects on the good living in the Quillacingas ethnic group, specially due to the alterations in the conception of time and in the management of the territory regarding the cycles of agricultural production, seasonal rites, traditional tasks and Community practices, as well as the consequent displacement of some family members to the cities in search of life opportunities that are elusive for them. All this has contributed to increasing poverty and misery, lack of protection, insecurity and violence, uprooting towards their territories and the loss of cultural identity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Homing Behavior , Climate Change , Ethnicity , Environment
4.
Rev. biol. trop ; 64(4): 1441-1450, oct.-dic. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-958225

ABSTRACT

Abstract:Telemetry based on Global Positioning Systems (GPS) makes possible to gather large quantities of information in a very fine scale and work with species that were impossible to study in the past. When working with GPS telemetry, the option of storing data on board could be more desirable than the sole satellite transmitted data, due to the increase in the amount of locations available for analysis. Nonetheless, the uncertainty in the retrieving of the collar unit makes satellite-transmitted technologies something to take into account. Therefore, differences between store-on-board (SoB) and satellite-transmitted (IT) data sets need to be considered. Differences between SoB and IT data collected from two lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris), were explored by means of the calculation of home range areas by three different methods: the Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP), the Fixed Kernel Density Estimator (KDE) and the Brownian Bridges (BB). Results showed that SoB and IT data sets for the same individual were similar, with fix ranging from 63 % to 85 % respectively, and 16 m to 17 m horizontal errors. Depending on the total number of locations available for each individual, the home ranges estimated showed differences between 2.7 % and 79.3 %, for the 50 % probability contour and between 9.9 % and 61.8 % for the 95 % probability contour. These differences imply variations in the spatial coincidence of the estimated home ranges. We concluded that the use of IT data is not a good option for the estimation of home range areas if the collar settings have not been designed specifically for this use. Nonetheless, geographical representations of the IT based estimators could be of great help to identify areas of use, besides its assistance to locate the collar for its retrieval at the end of the field season and as a proximate backup when collars disappear. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (4): 1441-1450. Epub 2016 December 01.


Resumen:La telemetría basada en los sistemas de geopocisionamiento global (GPS) hace posible recopilar gran cantidad de información a escalas muy finas, y trabajar con especies imposibles de estudiar en el pasado. Al trabajar con telemetría de GPS, la opción de guardar información en la memoria interna del instrumento puede ser más deseable que sólo tener acceso a la información enviada vía satélite, debido a la mayor cantidad de localizaciones disponibles para analizar. No obstante, la incertidumbre de recuperar el collar hace que las tecnología de trasmisión vía satélite deba ser tenida en cuenta. Diferencias entre las bases de datos almacenadas en el collar (SoB) y las trasmitidas vía satélite (IT), recolectadas de dos individuos de Tapir de tierras bajas (Tapirus terrestris), son consideradas, en términos de las áreas de los rangos de hogar calculados con cada uno y mediante el uso de tres metodologías diferentes: Mínimo Polígono Convexo (MCP), Estimador de Densidad de Kernel Fijo (KDE) y los Puentes Brownianos (BB). Las bases de datos SoB e IT son similares, con tasas de acierto de localizaciones que oscilan entre 63 % to 85 % y errores horizontales de 16 m y 17 m respectivamente. Dependiendo del número total de localizaciones disponibles para cada individuo, los rangos de hogar estimados muestran diferencias entre 2.7 % y 79.3 %, para el contorno del 50 % de probabilidades, y entre 9.9 % y 61.8 % para el contorno del 95 % de probabilidades. Estas diferencias implican variaciones en la coincidencia espacial de los rangos de hogar estimados. Concluimos que el uso de la información trasmitida vía satélite no es una buena opción para la estimación de rangos de hogar, si la programción de los collares no ha sido diseñada específicamente para tal fin. Sin embargo, las representaciones geográficas de los estimados a partir de las bases de datos IT pueden ser de gran ayuda para la identificación de áreas de uso, además de su utilidad para la localización y recuperación de collares tras su liberación de los individuos monitoreados y como una base de datos de soporte en caso de pérdida del collar.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Perissodactyla , Telemetry/instrumentation , Telemetry/methods , Satellite Communications/instrumentation , Geographic Information Systems/instrumentation , Homing Behavior , Time Factors , Sex Factors , Reproducibility of Results , Colombia , Animal Distribution , Datasets as Topic , Iridium
5.
Braz. j. biol ; 76(1): 228-232, Feb. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-774500

ABSTRACT

Abstract Home range and minimal population densities of Southern tiger cat (Leopardus guttulus), margay (Lepardus wiedii) and jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) were estimated between 2005 and 2006 in Taquari Valley, near the southern edge of the Atlantic Rainforest in Brazil. Home range data were collected by conventional radio telemetry (VHF) locations in a highly fragmented landscape. The average home range size, calculated using 95% kernel density estimates, was 16.01 km2 for Southern tiger cat, 21.85 km2 for margay and 51.45 km2 for jaguarundi. Telemetry data were used to obtain minimal density estimates of 0.08 Southern tiger cats / km2, and 0.04 jaguarundi / km2. The density estimates arise from areas where ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and other larger-bodied carnivores were locally extinct, and they suggest a specific type of mesopredator release known as the ocelot effect, which is likely enabling the increase in smaller felid populations in this area.


Resumo Neste estudo são apresentadas áreas de vida e estimativas mínimas de densidade populacional do gato-do-mato-pequeno (Leopardus guttulus), gato-maracajá (Leopardus wiedii) e gato-mourisco (Puma yagouaroundi) obtidas entre 2005 e 2006, no Vale do Taquari, próximo ao limite sul da Mata Atlântica no Brasil. Os dados sobre área de vida foram coletados com a utilização de telemetria convencional (VHF) em uma paisagem altamente fragmentada. A área de vida média, calculada por Kernel 95%, foi de 16,01 km2 para o gato- do-mato-pequeno, 21,85 km2 para o gato-maracajá e 51,45 km2 para o gato-mourisco. Os dados de telemetria foram utilizados para obter uma estimativa de densidade mínima de 0,08 gatos-do-mato-pequenos por km2, e 0,04 gatos-mourisco por km2. As estimativas de densidade são oriundas de áreas sem a presença de jaguatiricas (Leopardus pardalis) ou outros predadores de maior porte, todos localmente extintos, com possíveis efeitos de um tipo específico de relaxamento de mesopredadores, conhecido como “Efeito Pardalis” que podem permitir o aumento do tamanho das populações de gatos menores.


Subject(s)
Animals , Felidae/physiology , Homing Behavior , Brazil , Forests , Population Density , Puma/physiology , Species Specificity
6.
Rev. biol. trop ; 63(3): 771-781, jul.-sep. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-778083

ABSTRACT

Home range is defined as the area within which an individual moves to acquire resources necessary to increase their fitness and may vary inter and intra-specifically with biotic and abiotic factors. This study details the home range of the parthenogenic lizard, Aspidoscelis cozumela,an active forager microendemic to Cozumel Island, México, with high preference for open sand beaches. The home range of A. cozumelawas compared with other species of Aspidoscelis(gonochoric and parthenogenetic) and other lizards that occupy coastal habitats. Furthermore, the biotic and abiotic factors that may influence home range were analyzed. This study was conducted in the beach located on the East side of the island (area of 4 000 m2) that is composed primarily of halophyte vegetation with high levels of sunlight. From 1999 to 2001, nine samples were taken which included the dry, rainy, "nortes", and breeding seasons. During each sampling, capture-mark-recapture techniques were conducted and the date, time of day, and snout-vent length (SVL) were recorded to the nearest millimeter. Individuals were located in the study area using a bi-coordinate reference using 10 x 10 m subdivisions of the habitat. Home range and home range overlap were calculated using the convex polygon method in McPaal and home range/SVL correlation was tested using Pearson's correlation. To calculate females home range, three or more recaptures were considered. A total of 20 home ranges that averaged 45.1 ± 14.0 m2 were obtained and no correlation between SVL and home range size was detected (p = 0.9229, n = 20). However, removing individuals with outlier home ranges (females with home ranges > 100 m2, n = 2) resulted in a positive correlation with SVL (r = 0.61, p = 0.0072, n = 18). A 22.9 ± 5.7% overlap in home range was also detected. The small home range of A. cozumelarepresents the smallest home range within the Aspidoscelisgenus recorded to date (including both parthenogenetic and gonochoric species) and contrasts the theoretical predictions of broad home ranges for widely foraging species. Thermoregulatory benefits and a high population density may explain the small home range of A. cozumela.Although this species is highly adapted to the environmental conditions present on the open sand beaches, anthropogenic effects on these habitats by the development of tourism infrastructure may jeopardize their existence on Cozumel Island.


El ámbito hogareño es el área dentro de la cual un individuo se mueve para adquirir recursos que incrementen su supervivencia. El ámbito hogareño puede variar, intra e interespecíficamente, por factores bióticos y abióticos. En este trabajo se estudió el ámbito hogareño de la lagartija partenogenética Aspidoscelis cozumela,una especie de forrajeo amplio, con alta preferencia por las playas y microendémica de Isla Cozumel, México. El ámbito hogareño de A. cozumelase comparó con otras especies de Aspidoscelis(gonocóricas y partenogenéticas) y con otras lagartijas que ocupan hábitats costeros. Además, se discuten los factores bióticos y abióticos que lo moldean. La zona de estudio fue una playa (con un área de 4 000 m2), que se encuentra al Este de la isla y que presenta vegetación halófita (expuesta a altos niveles de insolación). De 1999 al 2001 se realizaron nueve censos que cubrieron la época de sequía, de lluvias y la época de "nortes" de la zona y la temporada de reproducción de A. cozumela.Durante cada censo, se realizó captura-marcaje-recaptura y se registró: fecha, hora del día, longitud hocico-cloaca (LHC) al milímetro más cercano. Los individuos fueron ubicados en el área de estudio por bi-coordenadas usando estacas como referencia. El ámbito hogareño se calculó con el método del polígono convexo con el programa McPaal, adicional-mente se calculó el solapamiento del ámbito hogareño. Se relacionó la LHC con el ámbito hogareño. Para el cálculo del ámbito hogareño se consideraron las hembras con tres o más recapturas. Se obtuvieron 20 ámbitos hogareños, que promediaron 45.1 ± 14.0 m2. No se encontró relación de la LHC con el ámbito hogareño (p = 0.9229, n = 20). Sin embargo, un análisis que excluyó los individuos con los ámbitos hogareños extremos, mostró que el ámbito hogareño de A. cozumelase relacionó de manera positiva con la LHC (p = 0.0072, n = 18), las hembras más grandes tuvieron ámbitos hogareños más amplios. El solapamiento del ámbito hogareño fue de 22.9 ± 5.7%. El ámbito hogareño de A. cozumelaes el más pequeño que se ha documentado en el género Aspidoscelis(incluyendo especies partenoge-néticas y gonocóricas) y se contrapone con las predicciones teóricas que establecen ámbitos hogareños amplios para especies de forrajeo amplio. Beneficios térmicos y una elevada densidad poblacional pueden explicar la marcada residencia en las playas y ámbito hogareño reducido de A. cozumela.La lagartija partenogenética A. cozumelaestá bien adaptada a las condiciones ambientales en las playas, sin embargo las afectaciones severas en las playas por el desarrollo de la infraestructura turística pueden poner en riesgo su existencia en Isla Cozumel.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Ecosystem , Homing Behavior/physiology , Lizards/physiology , Lizards/classification , Mexico , Parthenogenesis , Population Density , Seasons
7.
Psicol. Estud. (Online) ; 20(1): 23-32, jan.-mar. 2015.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: lil-783484

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se conhecer e analisar o conteúdo e a estrutura da representação social do crack elaborada por dependentes químicos em tratamento. Este estudo foi realizado em uma instituição psiquiátrica de João Pessoa-PB, com 30 usuários de crack. Foram utilizados dois instrumentos: uma entrevista, a qual foi analisada por meio da análise de conteúdo temática e a técnica de associação livre de palavras, com o estímulo "crack", que foi analisada a partir do programa EVOC. Constatou-se uma representação negativa do crack, em que ele é personificado na figura do Diabo, tendo o poder de destruir a vida de seus usuários e da sociedade em geral. Observou-se, ainda, que essa representação é composta por elementos negativos que evidenciam a tristeza e o sofrimento que permeiam a realidade do usuário de crack. Espera-se que os resultados encontrados possam auxiliar os órgãos competentes na formação de políticas públicas voltadas para esta problemática, capazes de abarcar os aspectos psicossociais do consumo de crack.


The main goal of this research was to know and to analyze the content and the structure of crack social representation, elaborated by drug addicts under treatment. This study was conducted in a psychiatric institution of João Pessoa-PB (Brazil), with 30 crack users. Two instruments were used: an interview, which was analyzed by the Thematic Content Analysis; and the Free Word Association Technique, with the tag "crack," which was analyzed from the EVOC program. It was found a negative representation of the crack, where it is embodied in the figure of the Devil, having enough power to destroy its users' lives and the society in general. It was also observed that this representation is made up by negative elements which evidence the sadness and the suffering that permeate the crack users reality. The results found are expected to aid state offices to bring out public policies in order to find this problematic issue a solution, which is able to encompass the psychosocial aspects of the crack usage.


El objetivo fue conocer y analizar el contenido y la estructura de la representación social del crack, elaborada por dependientes químicos en tratamiento. Este estudio fue realizado en una institución psiquiátrica de João Pessoa-Pb, con 30 usuarios de crack. Fueron utilizados dos instrumentos: una entrevista, que fue analizada por medio del Análisis de Contenido Temático; y, la Técnica de Asociación Libre de Palabras, con el estímulo "crack", que fue analizada a partir del programa EVOC. Se constató una representación negativa del crack, el que es personificado en la figura del Diablo, teniendo el poder de destruir la vida de sus usuarios y de la sociedad en general. Se observó aún que esa representación está compuesta por elementos negativos que evidencian la tristeza y el sufrimiento que comprenden la realidad del usuario de crack. Se espera que los resultados encontrados puedan auxiliar a los órganos competentes en la formación de políticas públicas dirigidas hacia esta problemática, capaces de abarcar los aspectos psicosociales del consumo de crack.


Subject(s)
Humans , Crack Cocaine/history , Crack Cocaine/toxicity , Homing Behavior , Public Policy
8.
Braz. j. biol ; 74(4): 795-802, 11/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-732299

ABSTRACT

The Cinereous Warbling-finch Poospiza cinerea (Emberizidae) is a Neotropical grassland bird considered rare, with population declining due to habitat loss and classified as vulnerable. However, the species conspicuously remains in several degraded areas, suggesting that it may be favored by these environments. Studies which focus on this species were inexistent until 2012, making questionable any statement about its threaten status. Here we analyzed population density, home range, and habitat selection of two groups of P. cinerea at independent sites that differ in human impact levels. Density was estimated by counting and mapping birds. Kernel density and minimum convex polygon were used to estimate home ranges. Habitat selection was inferred from use and availability of every habitat identified within the home range boundaries. One group positively selected urban tree vegetation, despite the availability of natural habitats in its home range. Based on a review on the literature and our findings, we assume that it is unlikely that P. cinerea is rare owing to habitat degradation, as previously thought. Nevertheless, this species was always recorded around native Cerrado vegetation and thus habitat modification may still threaten this species at some level. It is suggested that this species might be a woodland edge species, but future studies are necessary to confirm this assumption.


O capacetinho-do-oco-do-pau Poospiza cinerea (Emberizidae) é um passeriforme neotropical de ambientes abertos, considerado raro e cuja população está em declínio devido à perda de habitat, sendo classificada como vulnerável. No entanto, a espécie tem sido observada com frequência em vários locais impactados, sugerindo que possa ser favorecida por esse tipo de ambiente. Estudos focados nessa espécie são escassos, o que nos leva a questionar qualquer afirmação sobre seu status de conservação. Nós analisamos a densidade populacional, área de vida e seleção de habitat de dois grupos de P. cinerea em dois locais independentes, que diferiam quanto ao grau de conservação. A densidade foi estimada por contagem e mapeamento das aves. Utilizamos Kernel density e Mínimo Polígono Convexo para estimar as áreas de vida. A seleção de habitat foi inferida a partir do uso e disponibilidade dos habitats nas áreas de vida. Um grupo selecionou positivamente árvores urbanas, apesar de ampla disponibilidade de vegetação natural na área de vida. Com base na revisão de literatura e também em nossas observações, consideramos improvável que a espécie seja rara devido à degradação de habitats naturais como anteriormente sugerido. Mesmo assim, a espécie sempre é observada em ambientes que contém vegetação nativa de Cerrado e, portanto, a degradação desse bioma pode ainda ser uma ameaça. É sugerido que Poospiza cinerea seja uma espécie de borda, e estudos futuros são necessários para confirmação dessa hipótese.


Subject(s)
Animals , Ecosystem , Homing Behavior/physiology , Passeriformes/physiology , Biodiversity , Population Density , Population Dynamics , Passeriformes/classification
9.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 22(3): 391-397, July-Sept. 2013. mapa, ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, HomeoIndex | ID: lil-688713

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to identify the helminth fauna in hybrid, non-native marmosets, through analysis of fecal samples. The study involved 51 marmosets (genus Callithrix) from five groups living in places with levels of human impact in Viçosa-MG. The marmosets were caught using a multiple-entrance trap and were anaesthetized. Feces were collected, refrigerated and analyzed by means of the sedimentation technique (Hoffmann-Pons-Janner). Eggs and parasites were identified, but not counted. Most of the marmosets (86%) were parasitized by at least one genus of helminths. Among the infected marmosets, 37% presented co-infection. The intestinal helminths comprised four different taxa: Primasubulura jacchi, Ancylostomatidae, Prosthenorchis sp. and Dilepididae.P. jacchi and Ancylostomatidae had higher prevalences (> 80% and > 40%, respectively) and were found in all marmoset groups. Dilepididae species were found in almost all the groups, but only accounted for around 30% of the marmosets. Prosthenorchis sp. showed a relatively low prevalence (< 10%) and was only found in one group. Although two parasites are commonly found in marmosets and other primates (P. jacchi and Prosthenorchis sp.), our study is the first record for Ancylostomatidae and Dilepididae. Factors like marmosets' feeding behavior and their contact with humans and other species of nonhuman primates seem to be determinants of infection among marmosets.


O objetivo do presente estudo foi a identificação da helmintofauna em saguis híbridos e introduzidos, por meio de análises de amostras fecais. O estudo envolveu 51 saguis do gênero Callithrix, de cinco grupos que ocupam áreas com diferentes impactos humanos. Os saguis foram capturados com armadilha de múltiplas entradas e anestesiados. Fezes foram colhidas, refrigeradas e analisadas pela técnica de sedimentação (Hoffmann-Pons-Janner). Ovos e parasitas foram identificados, mas não contados. A maior parte dos saguis (86%) estava parasitado por, pelo menos, uma espécie de helminto. Do grupo infectado, 37% apresentou coinfecção. A diversidade helmíntica intestinal incluiu quatro táxons diferentes: Primasubulura jacchi, Ancylostomatidae, Prosthenorchis sp. e Dilepididae. P. jacchi e Ancylostomatidae apresentaram as maiores prevalências (> 80% e > 40%, respectivamente) e foram encontrados em todos os grupos. As espécies de Dilepididae apresentaram aproximadamente 30% da prevalência e foram encontrados em quase todos os grupos. A espécie Prosthenorchis sp. apresentou prevalência relativamente baixa (< 10%) e foi encontrado somente em um grupo. Considerando que duas das espécies são parasitas comumente descritos para saguis e primatas (P. jacchi e Prosthenorchis sp.), este estudo consiste no primeiro registro para Ancylostomatidae e Dilepididae. Fatores como o comportamento alimentar e o contato com o homem e outras espécies de primatas não humanos, parecem ser determinantes na contaminação dos saguis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Callithrix/parasitology , Feces/parasitology , Helminths/isolation & purification , Brazil , Homing Behavior , Human Activities
10.
Agora USB ; 13(1): 329-348, Ene.-Jun. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-704364

ABSTRACT

El siguiente artículo es un informe de investigación que da cuenta del planteamiento de unaEtnografía realizada en la región colombiana de los llanos del Yarí. El eje central de la investigación giró en torno al proceso de construcción territorial que han desplegado las comunidades campesinas de la zona.


The following article is a research report that realizes of the exposition of an ethnography realized in the plains of the Yari - Colombia. The backbone of the investigation turned concerning the process of territorial construction that the communities have opened compesinas of the zone.


Subject(s)
Humans , Homing Behavior/classification , Homing Behavior/radiation effects , Homing Behavior/ethics , Homing Behavior , Homing Behavior/physiology
11.
Agora USB ; 13(1): 437-469, Ene.-Jun. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-704369

ABSTRACT

El presente texto es producto de la segunda fase de la investigación Caracterización Psicosocial Barrio 20 de Julio Municipio de Urrao – Suroeste Antioqueño, dentro del área de legalización, titulación y normalización del Barrio 20 de Julio y con el fin de hacer recomendaciones para el Plan Básico de Ordenamiento Territorial. Para realizar dicho trabajo se toma en primera instancia los antecedentes de la primera fase, segundo se presentan los objetivos y preguntas, en tercer lugar se presentan los resultados de investigación y finalmente se presentan las conclusiones aunadas a las recomendaciones.


The present text is the result of a second phase of the research called psychosocial characterization of the 20th of july neighborhood in the municipality of Urrão, in the Southwest of Antioquia, within the area of legalization, certification, and standardization of the aforementioned neighborhood. Its purpose is to make some suggestions for the basic land-use plan. In order to carry out such a work, the antecedents are taken into account in th first place; in the second place, the objectives and the questions are introduced; in the third place, the research results are introduced; and in the fourth place, the conclusions, along with the recommendations, are presented.


Subject(s)
Humans , Homing Behavior/classification , Homing Behavior/radiation effects , Homing Behavior/ethics , Homing Behavior , Homing Behavior/physiology
12.
Neotrop. entomol ; 40(5): 548-552, Sept.-Oct. 2011. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-604481

ABSTRACT

A communal dormitory of male orchid bees, Euglossa melanotricha Moure, was monitored over a one-year period, when they passed the night in the fronds of a Serpocaulon triseriale (Polypodiaceae) fern. The bees used the same fronds continuously, moving to neighboring fronds as senescence set in. As many as 49 males were observed together on any one night, clinging to the midribs on the abaxial surface of up to five fern blades with their mandibles. A number of males returned to the same site to pass the night continuously over a number of months, and were observed making physical contact with one another without provoking agonistic behavior. Males of E. melanotricha appeared to prefer sleeping at sites close to nests and potential sources of odoriferous essences, such as orchids (Orchidaceae).


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Bees , Homing Behavior , Polypodiaceae , Brazil , Plant Leaves , Time Factors
13.
Neotrop. entomol ; 40(4): 431-435, July-Aug. 2011. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-599801

ABSTRACT

The reinstatement of biodiversity and ecological processes must be the major goal in restoration projects, which requires the establishment of biological interactions in addition to native plant population recovery. Therefore, we assessed the flower visitors of five tree species in a restored area of Semideciduous Seasonal Forest, in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. The specimens were collected using entomological net on flowers of Acacia polyphylla, Aegiphila sellowianna, Croton floribundus, Croton urucurana and Schinus terebinthifolius from October 2007 to September 2008. A total of 139 insect species belonging to five orders were collected. Hymenoptera was the most diverse order collected. From a total of 37 families, Vespidae (15 species), Cabronidae (12), Apidae (10), Halictidae (10), Syrphidae (12), Tachinidae (6) and Hesperidae (7) were the richest ones. Schinus terebinthifolius flowers presented the most abundant and diverse insect visitors (60), suggesting it is an important attractive species to the fauna in restoration programs. Our data suggest that mutualistic interactions between some of these plants and their flower-visiting insects may be in a reinstatement process, and will support the design and monitoring of future restoration efforts.


Subject(s)
Animals , Environmental Restoration and Remediation , Flowers , Homing Behavior , Insecta , Ecosystem , Seasons , Trees
14.
Neotrop. entomol ; 39(6): 1039-1043, nov.-dic. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-572489

ABSTRACT

Seasonal variation of adults and larvae of anophelines was studied during 2003 and 2004 in Roraima State, located in the Northern region of Brazilian Amazon. Species diversity increased with distance of capture to human dwellings. Greater diversity was found in extradomiciliary collections than in peridomiciliary or intradomiciliary. A significant association between Anopheles darlingi Root and An. albitarsis (s.l.) Arribálzaga (Diptera: Culicidae) breeding sites and the proximity to human dwellings was observed. Malaria Sporozoite Antigen Panel Assay (VectestTM Malaria) indicated An. albitarsis s.l. as one of the local vectors in the studied area. In this study, an index to describe the anthropophilic behavior of each anopheline species is proposed.


Subject(s)
Animals , Anopheles , Homing Behavior , Malaria/transmission , Brazil
15.
Neotrop. entomol ; 39(6): 1053-1055, nov.-dic. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-572494

ABSTRACT

The annona fruit borer wasp Bephratelloides cubensis Ashmead was recorded for the first time damaging "ilama" fruits Annona diversifolia (Anonaceae) in Coatlan del rio, Morelos, Cacahuamilpa and El Ocotillo, Guerrero, Mexico. Geographical distribution, hosts and damage are mentioned.


Subject(s)
Animals , Homing Behavior , Hymenoptera , Demography , Hymenoptera/anatomy & histology , Mexico
16.
Neotrop. entomol ; 38(5): 677-682, Sept.-Oct. 2009. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-532062

ABSTRACT

Anopheles darlingi Root é o principal vetor de malária na Amazônia brasileira. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a periodicidade de captura, a preferência por peri ou extradomicílio e a taxa de paridade de A. darlingi em quatro localidades em Porto Velho, RO, utilizando a atração humana. Todos os anofelinos capturados foram identificados e A. darlingi foi dissecada para caracterização da paridade. Do total de 985 anofelinos coletados, 972 eram A. darlingi. O número de fêmeas foi significativamente maior no extradomicílio em duas das localidades estudadas (São João e Candeias do Jamari) (P < 0,05). A taxa de paridade foi de 96 por cento e não foi observado horário preferencial para captura de fêmeas de A. darlingi nas localidades estudadas.


Anopheles darlingi Root is the principal malaria vector in Amazonia region. The objectives of this work were to study the periodicity of Anopheles darlingi Root, the host preference for peri or extra-domestic environments and the parous rate in four field sites in Porto Velho (RO) by human-landing. All of the Anopheles specimens collected were identified, but only A. darlingi was dissected for the parous study. The results showed that human-landing colleted a total of 985 anophelines, with A. darlingi (972) being the most abundant species. Female mosquitoes were more abundant at extra-domestic environments in two of the locations studied (São João e Candeias do Jamari) (P < 0.05). The parous rate was 96 percent and no periodicity was observed for captures of females of A. darlingi in the field sites.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Anopheles , Homing Behavior , Brazil
17.
Neotrop. entomol ; 37(5): 609-611, Sept.-Oct. 2008. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-498324

ABSTRACT

The stingless bee Melipona capixaba Moure & Camargo is a species restricted to the Atlantic forest in the Domingos Martins, Conceição do Castelo, Venda Nova do Imigrante and Afonso Cláudio County, in the Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Despite its cological importance as pollinator few studies have examined the ecology and biology of this bee. This note relates a case of the M. capixaba workers carrying pollinarium attached to the scuttellum. The pollinaria were identified as belonging to the orchid subtribe Maxillariinae species possibly of the genus Maxillaria sensu lato or Xylobium.


A abelha sem ferrão Melipona capixaba Moure & Camargo é uma espécie restrita à Mata Atlântica nos municípios de Domingos Martins, Conceição do Castelo, Venda Nova do Imigrante e Afonso Cláudio, ES. Apesar de sua importância ecológica como polinizador, poucos estudos têm investigado a biologia e ecologia dessa abelha, popularmente conhecida como uruçu-negra, pé-de-pau, ou uruçu-capixaba. Esta nota relata uma observação de operárias de M. capixaba carregando polinário preso ao escutelo. Os polinários foram identificados como pertencentes a uma espécie da subtribo Maxillariinae e, possivelmente, a um dos gêneros Maxillaria sensu lato ou Xylobium.


Subject(s)
Animals , Bees , Homing Behavior , Orchidaceae , Extinction, Biological
18.
Neotrop. entomol ; 36(6): 836-842, Nov.-Dec. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-473533

ABSTRACT

Vespas e abelhas são importantes componentes da guilda de visitantes florais nos Neotrópicos. A abundância de vespas sociais e abelhas visitando flores foi utilizada para calcular os índices de amplitude e sobreposição dos nichos tróficos e para caracterizar o uso das fontes de recursos florais por aqueles insetos. A amostragem foi realizada mensalmente, durante 13 meses (156h), por dois coletores que capturaram os espécimes com redes entomológicas, ao longo de uma trilha em uma área de caatinga em Itatim, BA. As vespas e abelhas concentraram as visitas em poucas fontes de recursos. As plantas mais visitadas por cada um desses grupos foram distintas e poucas espécies de plantas foram importantes para ambos os grupos, resultando em baixos índices de sobreposição entre abelhas e vespas. A sobreposição do nicho trófico entre espécies de vespas foi em geral mais elevada do que entre espécies de abelhas. A sobreposição geral entre todas as espécies foi baixa (< 30 por cento).


Wasps and bees are important components of flower visitor guilds in the Neotropical region. The abundance of social wasps and bees, collected during flower visits, was used to calculate niche breadth and niche overlap indices, in order to characterize the utilization of the floral resources by those insects. Samples were taken monthly, for 13 months (156h), by two collectors which captured the specimes on flowers using entomological nets, while walking along a way in an area of caatinga at Itatim, State of Bahia, Brazil. Wasps and bees heavily visited a few sources of floral resources, but the most visited plants by each group were different, and few plant species were important for both groups, resulting in low niche overlap between bees and wasps. The niche overlap among wasp species was generally higher than among bee species. The general overlap, which takes into consideration all species together was low (< 30 percent).


Subject(s)
Animals , Bees , Flowers , Homing Behavior , Social Behavior , Wasps , Brazil
19.
Neotrop. entomol ; 35(4): 421-434, July-Aug. 2006. tab, mapas
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-451239

ABSTRACT

The multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), native to Asia, has recently been detected in South America after successfully invading North America and Europe. This coccinellid is a voracious predator; therefore, it is popular and effective in biological control. Unfortunately, H. axyridis also has associated adverse impacts (i.e., as a household pest, pest of fruit production, and threat to non-target organisms). To predict the potential geographic extent of impacts of H. axyridis in South America we review the history of its invasion in the Western Hemisphere and address various factors critical to the future invasion (i.e., arrival, establishment, and spread) of new areas of South America. The likelihood of continued introductions (i.e., arrival) of H. axyridis to South America seems high, due to its popularity as a biological control agent and through accidental introductions. Establishment also seems likely in broad regions of South America. Climate matching with the native range suggested that much of southern South America may be suitable for establishment. In contrast, habitat matching with the native range suggested that northern South America may be more suitable. In addition, prey availability should not limit establishment of this predator. Once established, H. axyridis seems likely to spread by flight and human-assisted means. Overall, the invasion of H. axyridis over broad areas in South America seems likely.


A joaninha, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), nativa da Asia, foi recentemente detectada na América do Sul depois de ter invadido a América do Norte e Europa. Essa joaninha é um predador voraz, e portanto, popular e eficaz no controle biológico. Infelizmente, H. axyridis também está relacionada a impactos nocivos (ex., como peste residencial e de frutas temperadas e ameaça a organismos não-alvos). Para fazer prever os possíveis impactos de H. axyridis na América do Sul, a história da sua invasão no Hemisfério Ocidental foi revisada e os vários fatores críticos para futuras invasões (isto é, chegada, estabelecimento e disseminação) em novas áreas da América do Sul foram discutidos. A possibilidade de introduções contínuas de H. axyridis na América do Sul parece alta devido a sua popularidade como agente de controle biológico e através de introduções acidentais. Seu estabelecimento também parece possível em extensas regiões da América do Sul. A similaridade climática com a região nativa sugere que o estabelecimento é possível na região sul da América do Sul. Porém, similaridade de hábitat com a região nativa sugere que o estabelecimento seja mais adequado na região norte da América do Sul. Além disso, a disponibilidade da presa não deve ser um fator limitante para o estabelecimento desse predador. Após o estabelecimento, H. axyridis pode se disseminar pelo próprio vôo e por meios associados ao homem. Concluindo, a invasão de H. axyridis em novas áreas do continente sul-americano é provável.


Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Migration , Coleoptera , Homing Behavior , Population Dynamics , South America
20.
Genet. mol. res. (Online) ; 5(4): 723-740, 2006. graf, tab, ilus, mapas
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-482083

ABSTRACT

The large pimelodid, Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii, is one of the two most important catfish species for the fisheries in the Amazon. It is captured by commercial and artisanal fishing fleets in at least five Amazonian countries, at fishing grounds more than 5000 km apart. Current evidence suggests a complex life cycle that includes the longest reproductive migration known for a freshwater fish species. Experimental fisheries have pointed to a decrease in yield in the Western Amazon. However, reliable information about the capture and status of this fishery resource is still nonexistent, and no study has ever addressed its genetic diversity. We sequenced the entire D-loop of 45 individuals of B. rousseauxii, fifteen from each of three different fishing locations along the main channel of the Solimoes-Amazonas System covering a distance of around 2200 km. Results of phylogenetic analyses, molecular diversity estimations, analysis of molecular variance, and nested clade analysis, together show that there is no genetic segregation associated with location in the main channel, as one would expect for a migratory species. However, the significant decrease found in genetic diversity towards the western part of the Amazon could be explained by a non-random choice of tributary to spawn. It is possible that the genetic diversity of the migrating schools decreases towards the west because portions of the species' genetic diversity are being [quot ]captured[quot ] by the different effluents, as the fish migrates to spawn in the headwaters. Like the salmon in North America, B. rousseauxii may be returning to their home tributary to spawn.


Subject(s)
Animals , Homing Behavior/physiology , Genetic Variation , Phylogeny , Catfishes/genetics , DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis , Geography , Animal Migration/physiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Catfishes/physiology
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