Focal phototherapeutic keratectomy for the treatment of apical leucoma syndrome / PTK focal para o tratamento da síndrome do leucoma apical

ABSTRACT The following report describes a case of apical leucoma syndrome after hyperopic photorefractive keratectomy following hyperopic laser in situ keratomileusis and the subsequent treatment of this complication with focal phototherapeutic keratectomy. The patient underwent focal transepithelial phototherapeutic keratectomy of 70 mm ablation and 1.5 mm diameter after pupil and ablation offset correction. After 1 year, significant improvement in vision was observed and only slight residual opacity remained on biomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography. Focal phototherapeutic keratectomy was effective and safe for the treatment of this complication.

RESUMO O relato a seguir descreve um caso da síndrome do Leucoma Apical após cirurgia ceratorrefrativa hipermetrópica depois de Laser hiperópico in situ keratomileusis, e o subsequente tratamento desta complicação com ceratectomia fototerapêutica focal. O paciente foi submetido à ceratectomia fototerapêutica focal transepitelial com ablação de 70 mm e diâmetro de 1,5 mm, após correção de offset pupilar. Depois de um ano, foi observada uma melhora significativa da acuidade visual permanecendo apenas leve opacidade residual na biomicroscopia e tomografia de coerência óptica. A ceratectomia fototerapêutica focal foi efetiva e segura para o tratamento desta complicação.

Cálculo del lente intraocular en hipermétropes con antecedente de cirugía refractiva láser / Intraocular lens calculation in hypermetropic patients with history of refractive laser surgery

Objetivo: comparar las queratometrías obtenidas por el Pentacam en ojos hipermétropes operados con excímer láser y la obtenida a través del método de la historia clínica, en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer, de marzo a junio del año 2011. Métodos: se realizó un estudio en 50 ojos de 25 pacientes hipermétropes operados con la técnica Lasik, donde se calculó la queratometría promedio mediante el método de la historia clínica y se comparó con los valores de la queratometría brindados por el Pentacam: valor del ápex corneal de los mapas a color (valor queratométrico total central) y la lectura queratométrica equivalente, así como el True Net Power (queratométrico total a 3,0 mm) y las equivalent K reading del programa Holladay Report. Se calculó la queratometría preoperatoria media de la historia clínica y se comparó con la queratometría preoperatoria estimada aportada por el Pentacam. El análisis estadístico se realizó con la Prueba T para datos pareados, utilizando una significación del 95 por ciento. Resultados: los valores entre los que no hubo diferencias estadísticas con respecto al obtenido por el método de la historia clínica fueron el equivalent K reading power y las lecturas queratométricas equivalentes a 3, 4 y 4,5 de diámetro. La más exacta fue la de 4,5 mm. Las queratometrías preoperatorias no mostraron diferencias. Conclusiones: el Pentacam aporta poderes corneales que no difirieren estadísticamente de los obtenidos por el método de historia clínica en ojos hipermétropes que tengan cirugía previa con excímer láser(AU)

Objective: to compare the keratometries estimated by Pentacan in hypermetropic eyes operated on with laser Excimer and those measured through the medical history method at Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from March to June, 2011. Methods: a study was performed in 50 eyes from 25 hypermetropic patients operated on by Lasik technique, where average keratometry was estimated by using the medical history method and then compared with the Pentacam-estimated keratometry values such as corneal apex value of the colour maps (total central keratometric value) and equivalent K-reading power as well as the the true net power (total keratometric value at 3.0 mm) and the equivalent keratometric readings of the Holladay Report program. The preoperative mean keratometry of the medical history was then estimated and compared with the preoperative keratometry estimated with Pentacam. The statistical analysis was performed by using the T Test for paired data, with 95 percent significance. Results: among the keratometric values which did not show statistical differences when compared with those of the medical history method were the equivalent K-reading power and the equivalent keratometric readings at 3, 4 and 4.5 mm diameters, being that of 4.5 mm the most accurate.There were no differences among the preoperative keratometries. Conclusion: Pentacam provides corneal power estimations that did not statistically differ from the ones obtained by the clinical history method in hypermetropic eyes which had previously undergone Excimer laser surgery(AU)

Satisfação de pacientes após cirurgia refrativa de monovisão avançada / Satisfaction of patients after advanced mono-refractive surgery

Resumo Objetivo: Monovisão é um conceito que descreve a correção propositadamente desigual da visão de em um olho para longe e outro olho para perto, sendo utilizada principalmente para correção da presbiopia. O objetivo principal foi avaliar a satisfação dos pacientes com a cirurgia refrativa de monovisão avançada. Os objetivos secundários foram avaliar a necessidade de uso de óculos após a cirurgia, e analise do perfil dos participantes. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal observacional de série de casos baseado na revisão de prontuários de participantes submetidos a cirurgia refrativa de monovisão em uma clínica oftalmológica privada. A população estudada foi do tipo não-probabilistica com n de 50 participantes. A amostragem foi por conveniência, sendo selecionados os prontuários dos últimos 50 participantes que retornaram para consulta de revisão após a cirurgia refrativa realizada até novembro de 2016. Resultados: Foram analisados 50 prontuários. Quando questionados sobre a satisfação com o procedimento, a nota média atribuída foi 9,4 ± 0,6 dentro de uma escala de 0 a 10. Sobre a necessidade do uso de óculos após o procedimento, 92% dos pacientes referiram não necessitar. Os demais 8% que referiram utilizar eventualmente óculos para perto eram hipermetropes antes da cirurgia Conclusão: Concluímos que o índice de satisfação com a cirurgia de monovisão na amostra estudada foi alto e a maioria dos participantes referiu não necessitar de óculos após o procedimento. A amostra foi composta majoritariamente por mulheres com média de idade de 52 anos, hipermetropes, que realizaram a cirurgia em ambos os olhos. Nossa amostra foi distinta de outros estudos devido ao fato de incluirmos maior parte de participantes hipermetropes.

Abstract Objective: Monovision is a concept that describes the purposely unequal correction of vision from one eye to the other and eye to eye, and is mainly used to correct presbyopia. The main objective was to evaluate patients' satisfaction with advanced monovision refractive surgery. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the need for glasses after surgery, and to analyze the profile of the participants. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study of a series of cases was carried out based on the review of medical records of participants submitted to refractive surgery of monovision in a private ophthalmologic clinic. The population studied was of the non-probabilistic type with n of 50 participants. Sampling was for convenience, and the medical records of the last 50 participants who returned for revision consultation after refractive surgery performed until November 2016 were selected. Results: Fifty patients were analyzed. When questioned about satisfaction with the procedure, the mean score assigned was 9.4 ± 0.6 on a scale of 0 to 10. Regarding the need for glasses after the procedure, 92% of the patients reported not needing it. Conclusion: We concluded that the satisfaction index with monovision surgery in the sample studied was high and most of the participants reported that they did not require glasses after the procedure. The sample consisted mainly of women with mean age of 52 years, hypermetropes, who underwent surgery in both eyes. Our sample was different from other studies due to the fact that we included most participants with hypermetropes.

Lentes intraoculares fácicas de câmara posterior / Phakic posterior chamber intraocular lenses

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo foi reunir estudos que reportam resultados disponíveis na literatura científica, considerando a previsibilidade, segurança, eficácia, e estabilidade das lentes intraoculares fácicas de câmara posterior. E relatar as complicações documentadas para estas lentes. A revisão criteriosa dos estudos publicados na literatura ate o momento revelam resultado satisfatórios quanto à eficácia, elevada previsibilidade, estabilidade e segurança do implante de lente intraocular de câmara posterior, para correção das miopia, hipermetropia e astigmatismo.

Abstract The objective of this article was to gather studies that report results available in the scientific literature, considering the predictability, safety, efficacy, and stability of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses. And report the documented complications for these lenses.

LASIK hipermetrópico pós-DSAEK (Descement Stripping Automated Endotelial Keratoplasty) / LASIK for hyperopia correction pos DSAEK(Descement Stripping Automated Endotelial Keratoplasty)

RESUMO O DSAEK (Descemet stripping automated endotelial Keratoplasty) é um dos procedimentos de escolha para tratamento das doenças que acometem o endotélio corneano. Apesar do sucesso terapêutico, o procedimento pode induzir uma hipermetropia residual. Em média a refração se estabiliza em um perído que varia de 6 a 12 meses após o transplante. O objetivo desse relato é descrever a evolução dessa opção terapêutica utilizada em um paciente de 54 anos portador de Distrofia de Fuchs. O paciente foi submetido ao transplante de córnea (DSAEK) e a remoção do cristalino no mesmo tempo cirúrgico o que resultou em hipermetropia residual. Após 3 anos de acompanhamento apresentava-se com a melhor visão corrigida de 20/20 (Snellen) no olho operado com uma refração de +3,25 -1,00 (5º). Optou-se por realização de LASIK (Laser assisted in situ Keratomileusis) hipermetrópico, obtendo um resultado visual satisfatório.

ABSTRACT DSAEK (Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty) is one of the options for corneal endothelium disease, which in some patients can result in a residual hyperopia after the procedure. Usually 6 to 12 months after corneal transplantation refraction is already stable. This report describes a therapeutic option used in a 54 years old patient with Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy submitted to cataract and corneal transplant that resulted in residual hyperopia, three years after the procedure the best corrected vision was 20/20 with a refraction of +3.25 -1.00 (5 º) treated with Hyperopic - LASIK (Laser-assisted In Situ Keratomileusis) with satisfactory visual result.

Is LASIK an effective treatment modality for hyperopia or hyperopic astigmatism?

Purpose: To assess the efficacy, safety and stability of LASIK surgery for treatment of low to moderate degree hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism

Patients and methods: The study included 34 eyes in 17 patients [7 males, and 10 females] with bilateral low to moderate degree hyperopia or hyperopic astigmatism. Their mean age +/- SD was 26.7 +/- 4.1 years. Range of hyperopia was between +1.75 to +5.50 D, astigmatic errors range was 0.00 to -1.50 D while the spherical equivalent refraction ranged from +1.4 to + 4.8 D. Patients included in this study had a stable refraction for at least one year. All patients underwent bilateral LASIK surgery in the same session in Dr Soliman Faqeeh Hospital [DSFH] and the Eye Subspecialty Center [ESC]using the ALLEGRETTO EYE - Q Excimer Laser machine

Results: UCVA after one year was 20/20 or better in 30 eyes [88.2%], 20/30 or better in 32 eyes [94.1%] and 20/40 or better in 34 eyes [100%], while BCVA was 20/20 or better in 33 eyes [97.1%] and 20/40 or better in 34 eyes [100%]. There was no decrease in UCVA after LASIK surgery. One eye [2.9%] showed 2 lines drop in BCVA after LASIK surgery due to broad wrinkles of the flap. The flap was lifted after one day; trial to flatten the wrinkles showed incomplete resolution. One eye [2.9%] showed diffuse lamellar keratitis [DLK] at one week after LASIK surgery. There was regression in the manifest spherical equivalent refraction one year after LASIK surgery as compared with that at one month, but the difference was statistically insignificant [P=O.46]. The mean score of patient satisfaction was 9.4 at one year postoperatively

Conclusion: LASIK surgery is a safe, predictable, stable and effective for treatment of mild to moderate degree hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism. No significant regression in UCVA, BCVA or manifest refraction was reported up to 12 months follow up

Estudio queratométrico por pentacam en hipermétropes con cirugía láser vs. método de maloney / Keratometric study of hypermetropic patients with laser surgery by using pentacam vs. maloney method

OBJETIVO: comparar las queratometrías obtenidas por el Pentacam en ojos hipermétropes operados por láser y las obtenidas a través del Método de Maloney, en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer", desde marzo a mayo de 2013. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio prospectivo en 50 ojos de 27 pacientes hipermétropes operados de LASIK, donde se calculó la queratometría promedio mediante el método de Maloney y se comparó con los valores brindados por el Pentacam: valor queratométrico total central y Equivalent K- Reading power de los mapas a color, así como el True Net Power (queratométrico total a 3,0 mm) y las lecturas queratométricas a distintos diámetros del programa Holladay Report. Se comparó la queratometría preoperatoria media de la historia clínica y la estimada aportada por el Pentacam. El análisis estadístico se realizó con la prueba T para datos pareados, utilizando una significación del 95 %. RESULTADOs: no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las queratometrías del método de Maloney, el Equivalent K-reading Power y las lecturas de queratometría efectivas a diferentes diámetros. La de 4,5 mm mostró la menor diferencia. El resto de las mediciones difirieron de forma significativa. No se encontró diferencias entre las queratometrías preoperatorias. CONCLUSIONES: el Pentacam aporta poderes corneales que no difieren estadísticamente de los obtenidos por el método de Maloney en ojos hipermétropes con LASIK previo.

OBJECTIVE: to compare the keratometries given by the Pentacam in hyperopic patients operated on with laser and those obtained through Maloney method in "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from March to May of 2013. METHODS: a prospective study was conducted in 50 eyes from 27 hyperopic patients operated on with LASIK, in which average keratometry was estimated using Maloney method and then compared with those of Pentacam system; the used variables were total central keratometric value and Equivalent K-reading Power of color maps, as well as the true net power (total keratometic value at 3,0 mm) and the readings of equivalent keratometry at different diameter of HolladayReport programs. The average preoperative keratometries of the medical histories and those of the Pentacam system were also compared. The statistical analysis included paired T test, using a 95 % significance level. RESULTS: there were not significant statistical differences among the keratometries by Maloney method, the Equivalent K-reading power and the readings of equivalent keratometries at different diameters, being that of 4,5 mm the more accurate. The rest of the measurements differed in a significant way. There were differences among the preoperative keratometries. CONCLUSION: the Pentacam system provides corneal powers that did not statistically differ from those obtained by the Maloney method in hyperopic eyes with prior LASIK.

LIO pseudofácica suplementar sulcoflex® toric sobre LIO acrysof® toric / Supplementary pseudopakic iol sulcoflex® toric over toric acrysof®IOL

Para correção de alta hipermetropia e astigmatismo irregular secundário a múltiplas cirurgias refrativas em uma mulher de 45 anos, foi utilizada a sutura das incisões radiais, com implante de lente intraocular (LIO) Acrysof® Toric. Para correção do residual de erro refracional, foi implantada LIO pseudofácica tórica suplementar sobre LIO Primária. A acuidade visual (AV) inicial era de LogMAR 0,9 e a final de LogMAR 0,3. O implante da LIO suplementar tórica sobre LIO tórica primária mostrou-se uma boa opção, proporcionando melhora da acuidade visual.

To correct a high hyperopia and irregular astigmatism secondary to multiples refractive surgeries in a 45 years old female, radial incisions suture and intraocular (IOL) Acrysof Toric lens was performed. To correct the residual refractional error a pseudophakic toric supplementary IOL was implanted over the primary one.The initial visual acuity (VA) was LogMAR 0,9 and the final VA was LogMAR 0,3. The implant of IOL supplementary over a primary toric IOL appears to be a good option, increasing the visual acuity.

Queratometrías por pentacam y método de la historia clínica en hipermétropes con cirugía refractiva previa / Keratometries with use of Pentacam and of the medical history method in hypermetropic patients with previous refractive surgery

Objetivo: comparar las queratometrías obtenidas por el pentacam en ojos hipermétropes operados con excimer láser y la obtenida a través del método de la historia clínica.Métodos: estudio prospectivo realizado en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer, desde marzo a junio del 2011, en 50 ojos de 25 pacientes hipermétropes operados de LASIK, donde se calculó la queratometría promedio mediante el método de la historia clínica y se comparó con los valores de queratometría brindados por el pentacam: valor del ápex corneal de los mapas a color: True Net Power (valor queratométrico total central) y Equivalent K Reading Power (lectura queratométrica equivalente), así como el valor queratométrico total a 3,0 mm y las lecturas equivalentes del programa Holladay Report. Se calculó la queratometría preoperatoria media por la historia clínica y se comparó con la queratometría preoperatoria estimada aportada por el pentacam. El análisis estadístico se realizó con la prueba T para datos pareados, con una significación del 95 porciento.Resultados: los valores entre los que no hubo diferencias estadísticas con respecto al obtenido por el método de la historia clínica, fueron la Equivalent K Reading power (lectura queratométrica equivalente), la queratométrica total y las lecturas queratométricas equivalentes a 3,4 y 4,5 diámetro, siendo la de 4,5 mm la más exacta. Las queratometrías preoperatorias no mostraron diferencias.Conclusiones: el pentacam aporta poderes corneales que no difieren de los obtenidos por el método de historia clínica en ojos hipermétropes que tengan cirugía previa con excimer láser

Objective: to compare keratometries measured by Pentacam in operated hypermetropic eyes with Excimer Laser and that of the medical history method.Methods: aprospective study conducted in 50 hypermetropic eyes of 25 patients operated on by LASIK at Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from March to June of 2011. The average keratometry through the medical history method was estimated and compared with the keratometry values provided by Pentacam : value of the corneal apex of color maps, True Net Power (total central keratometric value) and Equivalent K-reading Power(equivalent keratometric reading) as well as the total keratometric value of 3.0 mm and the equivalent readings of Holladay Report program. The mean preoperative keratometry of the medical history was estimated and then compared with the preoperative keratometry measured by Pentacam. The statistical analysis was based on paired t test, using 95 percent significance level.Results: the values that did not show significant statistical differences in comparison with that of the clinical history method were the Equivalent K-reading Power (equivalent keratometric readings), the total keratometric value and the equivalent keratometric readings of 3.4 and 4.5 diameters, being 4.5 mm the most exact. No differences were seen in the preoperative keratometries.Conclusion: Pentacam provides corneal powers that did not differ statistically from those of the clinical history method in hypermetropic eyes having previous surgery with Excimer laser

Contrast sensitivity after refractive lens exchange with a multifocal diffractive aspheric intraocular lens / Sensibilidad al contraste tras cirugía de cristalino transparente con lente intraocular multifocal asférica difractiva

PURPOSE: To evaluate distance and near contrast sensitivity (CS) under photopic and mesopic conditions before and after refractive lens exchange (RLE) and implantation of the aspheric AcrySof®ReSTOR® (SN6AD3 model) intraocular lens (IOL). METHODS:Seventy-four eyes of 37 patients after RLE underwent bilateral implantation with the aspheric AcrySof ReSTOR IOL. The patient sample was divided into myopic and hyperopic groups. Monocular uncorrected visual acuity at distance and near (UCVA and UCNVA, respectively) and monocular best corrected visual acuity at distance and near (BCVA and BCNVA, respectively) were measured before and 6 months postoperatively. Monocular CS function was measured at three different luminance levels (85, 5 and 2.5 cd/m²) before and after RLE. Post-implantation results at 6 months were compared with those found before surgery. RESULTS: Our results revealed that patients in both groups obtained good UCVA and BCVA after RLE at distance and near vision in relation to pre-surgery values. No statistically significant differences were found between the values of CS pre and post-RLE at distance and near, at any lighting condition and spatial frequency (p>0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Refractive lens exchange with aspheric AcrySof ReSTOR IOL in myopic and hyperopic population provided good visual function and yield good distance and near CS under photopic and mesopic conditions.

PROPÓSITO: El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la sensibilidad al contraste antes de la extracción de cristalino transparente y tras la implantación de la lente intraocular asférica AcrySof®ReSTOR® (SN6AD3) bajo condiciones fotópicas y mesópicas. MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron 74 ojos de 37 pacientes tras ser sometidos a cirugía de cristalino transparente bilateral con la lente intraocular AcrySof ReSTOR (SN6AD3 model). Los pacientes fueron divididos en dos grupos: miopes e hipermétropes. A ambos grupos se les midió antes y a los 6 meses de la intervención quirúrgica la agudeza visual con la mejor corrección monocular en visión de lejos y de cerca, y la agudeza visual monocular no corregida para visión de lejos y de cerca. La función de sensibilidad al contraste fue medida a tres diferentes niveles de iluminación (85, 5 y 2.5 cd/m²) antes y después de la cirugía. Los resultados post-quirúrgicos a 6 meses fueron comparados con los pre-quirúrgicos. RESULTADOS: Los pacientes de ambos grupos mostraron buenos niveles de agudeza visual no corregida y con la mejor corrección tras la implantación de la lente intraocular para visión de lejos y cerca en comparación a los valores pre-quirúrgicos. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los valores pre y post-quirúrgicos de sensibilidad al contraste para cualquier distancia, frecuencia espacial o nivel de iluminación (p>0,002). CONCLUSIONES: La cirugía de cristalino transparente con la lente intraocular asférica AcrySof ReSTOR en pacientes miopes e hipermétropes proporciona una buena función visual en visión de lejos y de cerca bajo condiciones fotópicas y mesópicas.

Avaliação das alterações biomecânicas da córnea antes e após lasik em pacientes míopes e hipermetrópes utilizando Moriá® Sub-Bowman's Keratomileusis (SBK) / Differences in early biomechanical properties after myopic and hyperopic lasik using mechanical microkeratome Sub-Bowman's Keratomileusis (SBK)

OBJETIVO: Avaliar e comparar as alterações biomecânicas da córnea por meio do Ocular Response Analyzer® (ORA Reichert Ophtalmics Instruments, Buffalo, New York, USA) antes e após Lasik com Moriá ® Sub Bowman Keratomileusis (SBK) One Use Plus (OUP) em pacientes míopes e hipermetrópes. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 33 olhos, sendo 19 olhos míopes e 14 olhos hipermetrópes submetidos à cirurgia refrativa com técnica Lasik com flap fino (100 µ) utilizando Moriá SBK OUP. O ORA foi realizado no pré-operatório e 1 mês após a cirurgia para avaliar a biomecânica da córnea. O CH (Corneal Hysteresis), CRF (Corneal Resistance Factor), IOPg (goldmann gold standard, Goldmann correlated intraocular pressure) a IOPcc (corneal compensated intraocular pressure) e mais 38 variáveis biomecânicas da córnea derivadas do sinal de resposta foram avaliados. O Teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov foi utilizado para avaliar a distribuição normal. O teste de Wilcoxon foi utilizado para comparar as variáveis antes e após a cirurgia para cada grupo. As diferenças entre as medidas pré e pós-operatórias dos olhos míopes foram comparadas com as diferenças obtidas nos olhos hipermetrópes, utilizando-se o teste de Mann-Whitney. Foi considerado como estatisticamente significante p < 0,05%. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença significativa antes e após Lasik em olhos míopes e hipermetrópes na variável IOPg(Wilcoxon, p <0,05), porém não houve em IOPcc. Somente em olhos míopes houve diferenças significativas em CH e CRF, antes e após Lasik com Moriá SBK OUP, como também 9 parâmetros derivados do ORA Waveform_Sinal Gráfico (aspect1, h1, dive1, path1, p1area1, W11, H11, and w2 path11; Wilcoxon, p <0,05). Em olhos hipermetrópes houve diferenças antes e após Lasik das seguintes variáveis: aspect2, h2, dive2, mslew2 e H21 (Wilcoxon p<0,05).Diferenças nas variáveis IOPg e p1area, antes e após Lasik foram maiores em olhos míopes do que hipermetrópes (Mann-Whitey, p <0.05). CONCLUSÃO: Existem alterações das propriedades biomecânicas da córnea após Lasik com Moriá SBK OUP. Em geral, o impacto da biomecânica da córnea após Lasik em olhos míopes é maior do que em olhos hipermetrópes. As mudanças das variáveis relacionadas ao primeiro pico de aplanação (ORA waveform) são mais vistos em olhos míopes e as relacionadas ao segundo pico de aplanação em olhos hipermetrópes.

PURPOSE: To evaluate biomechanical changes measured with the ORA (Ocular Response Analyzer®; Reichert Ophthalmic Instruments, Buffalo, New York, USA) after Lasik with the Moria One Use Plus and to compare the biomechanics changes after myopic and hyperopic ablations. METHODS: Fourteeneyes for hyperopia (H) and 19 eyes for myopia (M) were evaluated with the ORA preoperatively and 1 month after Lasik with thin flap (100 microns) using SBK-OUP (Sub-Bowman Keratomileusis - One Use Plus, Moria®).CH (Corneal Hysteresis), CRF (Corneal Resistance Factor), IOPg (gold-standard, Goldmann correlated Intraocular pressure), IOPcc (Corneal compensated Intraocular pressure) and more 38 variables derived from the corneal biomechanical response signal of the ORA were analyzed. The Wilcoxon test was used to assess differences between the variables before and after surgery for each group and the differences between the pre and postoperative (1 month) myopic eyes were compared with those obtained in hyperopic eyes, using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: There was a significant difference before and after Lasik in myopic and hyperopic eyes in IOPg (Wilcoxon, p <0.05), but not in IOPcc. Only myopic eyes showed a significant difference in CH and CRF measurements before and after LASIK, as well as 9 other biomechanical parameters (aspect1, h1, dive1, path1, p1area1, W11, H11, and w2 path11; Wilcoxon, p <0, 05), 8 of these being related to the first sign of flattening.Five parameters related to the sign of the second applanation showed significant variation only in the eyes before and after hyperopic Lasik (aspect2, h2, dive2, mslew2 and H21; Wilcoxon, p<0,05).There was a difference in both myopic and hyperopic on three parameters related to the applanation signal areas (p1area, and p2area p2area1; Wilcoxon, p <0.05). Differences in IOPg and p1area, before and after surgery were significantly higher in myopic eyes than in hyperopic eyes (Mann-Whitey, p <0.05). CONCLUSION: There are several significant differences in biomechanical parameters after Lasik with Moria OUP_SBK. Overall, the impact of myopic LASIK on corneal biomechanics is higher than of hyperopic Lasik. The parameters derived from the first sign of the ORA are more affected in myopic LASIK, whereas parameters derived from the second applanation are more affected in hyperopic LASIK.

Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty for the management of iatrogenic keratectasia occurring after hexagonal keratotomy.

Iatrogenic keratectasia has been reported subsequent to refractive surgery or trauma. Hexagonal keratotomy (HK) is a surgical incisional technique to correct hyperopia. A number of complications have been reported following this procedure, including irregular astigmatism, wound healing abnormalities and corneal ectasia. When visual acuity is poor because of ectasia or irregular astigmatism and contact lens fitting is not possible, penetrating or lamellar keratoplasty can be performed. Since incisions in refractive keratotomy are set at 90–95% depth of cornea, intraoperative microperforations are known to occur and lamellar keratoplasty may become difficult. We describe deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) used to successfully manage keratectasia after HK. Pre DALK vision was 20/400 and post DALK vision was 20/30 two months after surgery. This report aims to show improved visual outcome in corneal ectasia secondary to HK. DALK can be a procedure of choice with proper case selection.

Extracción de cristalino transparente en pacientes hipermétropes / Extraction of transparent crystalline lens in hypermetrope patients

OBJETIVOS: Describir los resultados obtenidos en la extracción de cristalino transparente de pacientes hipermétropes. MÉTODOS: Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y longitudinal, en el período de septiembre de 2009 a febrero de 2010. Fueron estudiados 60 ojos de 30 pacientes con hipermetropía, quienes acudieron al Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer y no cumplieron los criterios establecidos para cirugía refractiva corneal. Se aplicó la fórmula Hoffer Q por IOL máster para el cálculo del lente intraocular, técnica quirúrgica estándar, facoemulsificación (facoaspiración), poder ultrasónico: 10 por ciento (pulsado), vacío: 350 mmHg, flujo: 25 cc/min; túnel corneal, capsulorrexis amplia e implante de lente intraocular monofocal en saco capsular. Se realizó el análisis estadístico por promedio asociado a prueba T para datos pareados. RESULTADOS: La edad promedio fue de 39 ± 2,6 años. La longitud axil promedio fue de 21 ± 2 mm. La mejor agudeza visual sin correcci¾n ascendi¾ de 0,08 en el preoperatorio a 0,72 en el posoperatorio. La mejor agudeza visual con corrección varió de 0,92 a 0,98. El valor de la esfera se redujo de 5,25 a - 0,50 y el cilindro de 0,75 a - 0,25 dioptrías; en consecuencia, el equivalente esférico disminuyó de 4,75 en el preoperatorio a -1,00 dioptrías en el período posoperatorio, específicamente en el ojo dominante a 0,46 y en el no dominante a -0,97 dioptrías. CONCLUSIONES: La monovisión resulta efectiva en los pacientes. La extracción de cristalino transparente en pacientes hipermétropes es una opción útil cuando estos no son candidatos a cirugía refractiva corneal

OBJECTIVES: To describe the results obtained in the extraction of the transparent crystalline lens in hypermetrope patients. METHODS: A longitudinal, prospective and descriptive study was conducted from September, 2009 to February, 2010. Sixty eyes was studied from 30 patients presenting with hypermetropy who came to Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology due to they not fulfilled the criteria established for corneal refractory surgery. Hoffer W by IOL master formula was applied for estimation of intraocular lens, standard surgical technique, phacoemulsification (phacoaspiration), ultrasonic power: 10 percent (pulsed), empty: 350 mm Hg, flow: 25 cc/min; corneal tunnel, wide capsulorrhesis and implant of monofocal intraocular lens in capsular sac. For paired data a statistical analysis by t-test associated average was carried out. RESULTS: Mean age was of 39 ± 2,6 years. The mean axial length was of 21 ± 2 mm. The better visual acuity without correction rise of 0,08 in the preoperative period to 0.72 in the postoperative one. The better visual acuity with correction varied from 0.92 to 0.98. The value of sphere decreased from 5.25 to 0.50 and the cylinder from 0.75 to 0.25 dioptres; consequently, the spherical equivalent decreased from 4.75 in preoperative period to 1,00 dioptres in the postoperative one, specifically in the dominant eye to 0.46 and in the non-dominant one to -0.97 dioptres. CONCLUSIONS: Monovision is effective in the patients. The extraction of transparent crystalline lens in patients with hypermetropy is a useful option when they are not candidates to corneal refractive surgery

Resultados del implante múltiple de lentes intraoculares en la cirugía de catarata en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer / Results of the multiple intraocular lenses implantation in the cataract surgery performed at Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology

OBJETIVO: Valorar los resultados visuales de los pacientes operados con la técnica de piggy back o implantes múltiples de lentes intraoculares. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de corte transversal en el que se tomaron 32 ojos de 30 pacientes del universo operado de catarata, con la técnica antes descrita, en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer, en el período comprendido entre enero de 2000 hasta diciembre de 2006. Fueron evaluadas algunas variables demográficas, como edad y sexo, así como agudeza visual y refracción preoperatorio y posoperatoria con cristales y sin ellos. Reportamos las complicaciones transquirúrgicas y posquirúrgicas asociadas a las diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas empleadas para la extracción del cristalino. RESULTADOS: La edad promedio obtenida fue mayor de 50 años, y predominó el sexo femenino. Parte de los pacientes tuvieron una agudeza visual corregida superior a 20/40. La complicación más frecuente fue la opacidad de la cápsula posterior y solo en la tercera parte de los pacientes se obtuvo una buena corrección refractiva. CONCLUSIONES: La técnica de piggy back permitió la recuperación de cuatro líneas en la cartilla de Snellen en la agudeza visual corregida, mientras que en la agudeza visual sin corrección solo aumentó en dos líneas. Se encontró igual número de pacientes hipocorregidos y bien corregidos

OBJECTIVE: To asses the visual results of patients operated on by piggy back technique or multiple implantation of intraocular lenses METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 32 eyes from 30 patients operated on from cataract, using the above-mentioned technique, at Ramon Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology in the period January 2000 through December 2006. Some demographic variables as age and sex as well as visual acuity and preoperative and postoperative refraction with/without lenses were evaluated. Trans-surgical and post-surgical complications associated with the various surgical techniques for the crystalline extraction were reported. RESULTS: Average age was 50 years, being the females predominant. One part of the patients had corrected visual acuity over 20/40. The most frequent complication was posterior capsule opacity and only one third of patients showed good refractive correction. CONCLUSIONS: Piggy back technique allowed recovering four lines in corrected visual acuity in Snellen´s chart whereas uncorrected visual acuity increased two lines only. The number of hypocorrected and well-corrected patients was the same

Segurança da ceratectomia fotorrefrativa com mitomicina-C para o tratamento de hipermetropia após ceratotomia radial / Safety of photorefractive keratectomy with mitomycin-C for the treatment of hyperopia after radial keratotomy

OBJETIVO: Analisar a segurança da ceratectomia fotorrefrativa (PRK) com mitomicina-C (MMC) em olhos com hipermetropia consecutiva à ceratotomia radial. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados prospectivamente 60 olhos de 36 pacientes consecutivos, submetidos à ceratectomia fotorrefrativa personalizada pela frente de onda corneana com o laser Esiris Schwind. Realizaram-se desepitelização mecânica, seguida da fotoabla ção, e utilização de MMC 0,02 por cento por 20 ou 40 segundos. Em 16 olhos (26,7 por cento) a MMC foi aplicada por 40 segundos. Estes foram submetidos a ablações mais profundas do que 100 micra ou apresentavam córneas submetidas a suturas prévias. Os pacientes foram acompanhados por um ano. RESULTADOS: O equivalente esférico (EE) médio antes do PRK era +4,27 D ± 2,18 e a acuidade visual corrigida (AVcc) média era 0,174 ± 0,139 (logMAR). O EE médio programado no laser foi +4,74 D ± 2,11, resultando em uma profundidade de ablação de 78 ± 28 µm (de 33 a 148). Não foram observadas complicações intraoperatórias. Após um ano observaram-se: EE médio de + 0,04 D ± 1,03 (p<0,001) e AVcc de 0,079 ± 0,105 (p<0,001). Observou-se melhora de duas ou mais linhas de AVcc em 20 olhos (33,3 por cento) e somente 1 olho (1,7 por cento) perdeu duas linhas. A análise de correlação mostrou que a melhora da AVcc foi inversa mente correlacionada à AVcc pré-operatória (r=-0,694; p<0,001). ''Haze'' periférico grau 2 ou 3 foi observado em cinco olhos e ''haze'' central discreto, em um olho. Não houve correlação significativa do ''haze'' central ou periférico com o número de incisões radiais, com a profun didade da fotoablação ou com a AVcc pós-operatória. A contagem endotelial média no pré-operatório foi de 2.681± 455 cel/mm2 e após 1 ano foi de 2.481 ± 378 cel/mm2 (p=0,124). Um olho desenvolveu ectasia corneana, devido ao alargamento progressivo de uma incisão radial inferior, e foi submetido à sutura da incisão. CONCLUSÃO: O PRK com MMC mostrou-se seguro após um ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with mitomycin-C (MMC) in eyes with hyperopia after radial keratotomy. METHODS: Sixty eyes of 36 consecutive patients treated with corneal wavefront-guided PRK using an Esiris-Schwind excimer laser were prospectively evaluated. Corneal epithelium was mechanically removed, followed by photoablation and use of 0.02 percent MMC for 20 or 40 seconds. In 16 eyes (26.7 percent), MMC was applied for 40 seconds. These eyes underwent ablations deeper than 100 micron or had previous corneal sutures. Patients were followedup for 12 months. RESULTS: The mean spherical equivalent (SE) before PRK was +4.27 D ± 2.18, and the mean bestcorrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.174 ± 0.139 (logMAR). The planned laser SE correction was +4.74 D ± 2.11, resulting in an ablation depth of 78 ± 28 µm (from 33 to 148). No intraoperative complications were observed. At one year, mean SE was +0.04 D ± 1.03 (p<0.001) and mean BCVA was 0.079 ± 0.105 (p<0.001). There was a gain of 2 or more lines of BCVA in 20 eyes (33.3 percent) and only one eye (1.7 percent) lost 2 lines. Correlation analysis showed that the improvement in BCVA was inversely related to preoperative BCVA (r=-0.694; p<0.001). Five eyes developed peripheral haze grade 2 or 3 and one eye had central trace haze. No significant correlation was found between central or peripheral haze and the number of radial incisions, depth of the ablation or postoperative BCVA. Mean preoperative endothelial cell count was 2,681 ± 455 cel/ mm² and after one year was 2,481 ± 378 cel/mm² (p=0.124). One eye developed keratectasia due to the progressive widening of an inferior radial incision, which was later sutured. CONCLUSION: PRK with MMC was safe after one year of follow-up for the reduction of hyperopia after radial keratotomy. A major improvement in BCVA was obtained with a small incidence of haze and other complications.

Ceratectomia fotorrefrativa com mitomicina-C personalizada pela frente de onda corneana para o tratamento de hipermetropia após ceratotomia radial / Corneal wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy with mitomycin-C for consecutive hyperopia after radial keratotomy

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia, previsibilidade e estabilidade da ceratectomia fotorrefrativa (PRK) guiada pela frente de onda corneana para o tratamento da hipermetropia secundária à ceratotomia radial. MÉTODOS: Este estudo prospectivo analisou 60 olhos de 36 pacientes consecutivos, submetidos a PRK personalizado com o laser Esiris-Schwind. A técnica constou de desepitelização mecânica, fotoablação e utilização de mitomicina-C 0,02 por cento. Os pacientes foram acompanhados por 12 meses. RESULTADOS: O intervalo médio entre a ceratotomia radial e o PRK foi de 18,4 anos ± 3,8 (DP); o equivalente esférico (EE) médio antes da ceratotomia radial era -4,35 dioptrias (D) ± 1,55. As medidas prévias ao PRK mostraram grau esférico médio de +5,00 D ± 2,28, astigmatismo médio de -1,47 D ± 1,06, EE médio de +4,27 D ± 2,18 e AV corrigida (AVcc) média de 0,174 ± 0,139 (logMAR). O EE médio programado no laser foi +4,74 D ± 2,11. Os resultados encontrados um ano após a cirurgia foram: EE médio de +0,04 D ± 1,03 (P<0,001), astigmatismo médio de -1,03 ± 0,75 D (P=0,015), AV média sem correção de 0,265 ± 0,197 e AVcc de 0,079 ± 0,105 (P<0,001). A AVcc mostrou ganho médio de uma linha; 20 olhos (33,3 por cento) melhoraram duas ou mais linhas e somente um olho perdeu duas linhas. Ocorreu redução estatisticamente significante do coma (P=0,002), trefoil (P=0,004), aberração esférica (P<0,001) e quatrefoil (P=0,002). Houve 48 olhos (80 por cento) entre ± 1,00 D do EE planejado. A regressão média entre seis e 12 meses foi de +0,17 ± 0,67 D. CONCLUSÃO: O PRK personalizado pela frente de onda corneana foi eficaz, previsível e estável pelo período de um ano para a redução da hipermetropia após a ceratotomia radial. No pós-operatório, observou-se melhora significativa da AVsc, AVcc e das aberrações corneanas. Número do ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT00917657

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy, predictability and stability of corneal wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for correcting hyperopia and astigmatism after radial keratotomy. METHODS: In a prospective study, 60 eyes of 36 consecutive patients were treated with corneal wavefront-guided PRK with 0.02 percent mitomycin-C using an Esiris-Schwind excimer laser. Corneal epithelium was mechanically removed. All patients were followed-up for 12 months. RESULTS: The mean time between radial keratotomy and PRK was 18.4 years ± 3.8 (SD); mean spherical equivalent (SE) before radial keratotomy was -4.35 diopters (D) ± 1.55. Before PRK, the mean sphere was +5.00 D ± 2.28, mean astigmatism was - 1.47 D ± 1.06, mean SE was +4.27 D ± 2.18, and the mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.174 ± 0.139 (logMAR). The planned laser SE correction was +4.74 D ± 2.11. No intraoperative complications were noted. At 12 months, mean SE was +0.04 D ± 1.03 (P<0.001), mean astigmatism was -1.03 ± 0.75 D (P=0.015), mean UCVA was 0.265 ± 0.197, and mean BCVA was 0.079 ± 0.105 (P<0.001). There was a mean gain of 1 line of BCVA and 20 eyes (33.3 percent) gained 2 or more lines. Only one eye lost 2 lines. A significant decrease in coma (P=0.002), trefoil (P=0.004), spherical aberration (P<0.001) and quatrefoil (P=0.002) was observed. Forty eight eyes (80 percent) were within ± 1.0 D of intended SE. Mean regression from 6 to 12 months was +0.17 ± 0.67 D. CONCLUSION: Corneal wavefront-guided PRK was effective, predictable and stable after one year of follow-up for the treatment of hyperopia after radial keratotomy. A significant improvement in UCVA, BCVA and corneal aberrations was obtained. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00917657

Corneal higher order aberrations changes after lasik for correction of hypermetropia and mixed astigmatism

Hypermetropia is a defect of vision caused by an imperfection in the eye [often when the eyeball is too short or when the lens cannot become round enough], causing difficulty focusing on near objects. As an object moves toward the eye, the eye must increase its power to keep the image in focus on the retina. If the power of the cornea and lens is insufficient, as in hyperopia, the image will appear blurred. to report the visual outcome and keratometric values, in addition to the corneal higher order aberration after laser instu keratomillusis for the correction of hypermetropia and mixed astigmatism. This prospective observational comparative study comprised 60 eyes of 30 individuals. Wavefront analysis for each cornea was performed; Root Mean Square [RMS] of anterior corneal higher order aberrations and separate types of corneal higher order aberrations using Zernike Polynomials were analyzed for all patients pre and postoperatively. 60 eyes of 30 individuals [28 [46.7%] women and 32 [33.3%] men]. 32 [53.3%] right eyes and 28 [46.7%] were left eyes. Mean patient age was 36.46+ 13.99 years [range: 16 to 54 years]. Mean sphere was+3.30+ 1.55 D [range:+1.0 to+5.5 D] Mean cylinder was-1.31+ 1.45 D [range:-4.75 to+0.5 D]. Spherical aberration [SA] preoperatively was 0.21 [+ .05] and postoperatively-0.02 [+ .24] and a mean difference of 0.23 and p value of 0.01. Coma aberration preoperatively was 0.29 [+ .10] and postoperatively 0.44 [+ .32] and a mean difference of-0.15 and p value of 0.86. While Root Mean Square [RMS] of higher order aberrations [HOA] preoperatively was 0.43 [+.10] and postoperatively-0.66 [+ .29] with a mean difference of 0.22 and p value of 0.05. Conventional LASIK increases all corneal higher order aberrations with induced aberrations increasing with the magnitude of refractive correction

Ceratectomia fotorrefrativa baseada em topografia para correção da hipermetropia secundária à ceratotomia radial / Topographically-guided photorefractive keratectomy for the management of secondary hyperopia following radial keratectomy

OBJETIVO: Descrever nova técnica de ceratectomia fotorrefrativa baseada em topografia para correção da hipermetropia secundária à ceratotomia radial. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo realizado em pacientes submetidos a ceratectomia fotorrefrativa baseada em topografia para a correção da hipermetropia secundária à ceratotomia radial. Os pacientes apresentavam, no mínimo, 3 dioptrias de hipermetropia no pré-operatório, e apresentavam acompanhamento mínimo de 3 meses. RESULTADOS: Neste estudo foram avaliados 24 olhos de 21 pacientes com idade entre 36 e 55 anos (média de 45,54 ± 6,03 anos). O período médio de acompanhamento foi de 7,71 ± 4,6 meses (variando de 3 a 17 meses). A média do EE no pré-operatório foi de +3.92 ± 1.57, com variação de +1,25 D a +7,75 D e após a ablação, a média foi -0,29 ± 1,43 variando de 3,75 D a +2,50 D (p<0,01). Acuidade visual de 20/25 ou melhor foi encontrada em 45,83 por cento dos olhos analisados, 83,33 por cento apresentaram visão de 20/40 ou melhor e 100 por cento dos olhos com 20/60 ou melhor. Todos os pacientes ficaram satisfeitos com o resultado cirúrgico e referiram melhora subjetiva da qualidade visual. CONCLUSÃO: Ao se avaliar os resultados aqui apresentados, consideramos a ceratectomia fotorrefrativa baseada em topografia mais uma opção para a correção da hipermetropia secundária à ceratotomia radial. Como é um procedimento de retratamento realizado em olhos com córneas muito instáveis e irregulares e com alto grau de hipermetropia, pode-se considerar bons os resultados e que a técnica é segura e eficaz.

PURPOSE: To describe a topographically guided photorefractive keratectomy technique for the management of secon dary hyperopia following radial keratectomy. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out in patients where a topographically guided photorefractive keratectomy technique was performed for the management of secondary hyperopia following radial keratectomy. The patients had preoperatively at least 3 diopters of hyperopia. The minimum follow-up was 3 months. RESULTS: Twenty-four eyes of 21 patients were evaluated. The mean age was 45.54 ± 6.03 years (range 36 to 55 years). The average follow-up was 7.71 ± 4.6 months (range 3 to 17 months). Preoperatively the average spherical equivalent was +3.92 ± 1.57 (range +1.25 D to +7.75 D), and postoperatively it was -0.29 ± 1.43 (range -3.75 D to +2.50 D) (p<0.01). Visual acuity of 20/25 or better was achieved in 45.83 percent of the eyes, 20/40 or better in 83.33 percent and 20/60 or better in 100 percent. All patients were satisfied with the results and stated subjective improvement in visual quality. CONCLUSION: Considering that it is a retreatment procedure performed in unstable and irregular corneas with high degrees of hyperopia, topographically guided photorefractive keratectomy showed good results and was safe and effective for the management of secondary hyperopia following radial keratectomy.

Tratamiento con ablación multifocal para presbicie asociada a hipermetropía / Multifocal corneal ablation for presbyopia

Objetivos: Evaluar resultados clínicos y complicaciones en pacientes sometidos a lasik con ablación multifocal para tratar la presbicia. Material y Método: En forma prospectiva seleccionamos 38 ojos en 19 pacientes con presbicia e hipermetropía hasta +3.0 D y astigmatismo hasta +1.0 D sin patologías ocular ni cirugía previa. El análisis wavefront fue realizado con el aberrómetroVISX Wavescan® y el tratamiento con el VISX Star S4 IR excimer laser. El perfil de ablación fue el CustomVue™Multifocal Ablation que produce una zona óptica central para visión intermedia y cerca y una periférica para lejos. Los resultados fueron evaluados según seguridad, eficacia, predictibilidad, estabilidad, complicaciones y cambios en las aberraciones de alto orden. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 52 años. El Equivalente Esférico preoperatorio fue +2.00 D +/- 0.56 D. El seguimiento fue de 6 meses. El Equivalente Esférico postoperatorio fue de -0.25 +/-0.56 D. No se observaron complicaciones. Hubo una pérdida de la mejor agudeza visual para lejos de 1 línea en el 12.5 por ciento de los ojos. En términos de eficacia el 75 por ciento de los pacientes alcanzan > 20/20 y el 100 por ciento > 20/40 sin corrección para lejos. Para cerca sin corrección 100 por ciento de los pacientes obtienen > J5, 88 por ciento obtiene > J3 y un 50 por ciento > J1. 62.5 por ciento de los pacientes alcanzaron > 20/25 para lejos y > J3 para cerca. Conclusión: El tratamiento con Lasik CustomVue™ Multifocal Ablation para pacientes hipermétropes con presbicie es un procedimiento seguro y produce un alto grado de satisfación debido a la independencia a los lentes. Un seguimiento más prolongado es necesario para evaluar nuestros buenos resultados.

Purpose: To evaluate outcomes and complications in patients who underwent multifocal corneal ablation to treat presbyopia. Methods: In a prospective way we selected 38 eyes of 19 patients with presbyopia and hyperopia up to +3.0 D and astigmatism up to +1.0 D. Patients with ocular pathology or with previous ocular surgery were excluded. The wavefront analysis was performed with the VISX Wavescan® aberrometer, and the treatment with the VISX Star S4 IR excimer laser. The ablation profile was CustomVue™ Multifocal Ablation, that produces a central zone for intermediate and near vision and a periferic zone for distance vision. The clinical outcomes were evaluated based in standards terms of safety, efficacy, predictability, stability, complications and changes in higher order aberrations. Results: The average age was 52 years. The mean of the preoperative spherical equivalent was + 2.00 D +/- 0.56 D. The follow up was up to 6 months. The mean of postoperative spherical equivalet was -0.25 +/-0.56, that was relatively stable after the first 6 postoperative months and no complication was observed. 12.5 percent of the eyes lost 1 line of BSCVA for distance vision. No subjects had change in BSCVA for near vision at the end of follow up. In terms of efficacy, 75 percent of subjects achieved 20/20 or better UCVA for distance and 100 percent achieved 20/40 or better UCVA. For near vision 100 percent of subjects achieved J5 or better vision at the end of follow up, 88 percent achieved > J3 and 50 percent > J1. 62.5 percent of subjects achieved both 20/25 or better vision for distance and J3 or better for near vision. Conclusion: The treatment with Lasik CustomVue™ ultifocal Ablation for hyperopic patients with presbyopia is a safe procedure and procedure a high rate of satisfaction due to spectacles independency. A longer follow up is necessary to evaluate ours good outcomes.

Anterior chamber phakic IOL [the phakic 6] in the treatment of myopia and hypermetropia: 5-year follow-up

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses in correcting high myopia and hypermetropia using the Safety Flex Phakic 6 anterior chamber intraocular lens [AC-IOL]. The study included 32 eyes [24 myopes and 8 hypermetropes]. The age ranged from 20 to 45 years. They we all phakic, with intact accommodation. They all underwent implantation of the Phakic 6 AC-IOL and they were followed-up for 5 years. Correction of the refractive error was achieved with a mean postoperative refractive error of -1.34D after one year which dropped to -1.95D after 5 years, and improvement of best corrected visual acuity was 17%. There were no significant complications and a high safety profile was achieved in the follow-up period. The phakic 6 proved to be a safe and effective method of correcting high myopia and hypermetropia according to the results of our study