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1.
Medwave ; 20(6): e7950, 31-07-2020.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1119716

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este artículo es revisar las características del SARS-CoV-2, los aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos de COVID-19 y las implicaciones que tienen para los anestesiólogos al realizar procedimientos generadores de aerosoles. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, SciELO y Web of Science hasta el 9 de abril de 2020, utilizando las palabras: "COVID-19 or COVID19 or SARS-CoV-2 and anesthesiology or anesthesia". Se incluyeron 48 artículos con información sobre el manejo del paciente en el perioperatorio o en la unidad de cuidados intensivos ante la sospecha o confirmación de infección por SARS-CoV-2. En general, se recomienda el aplazamiento de las cirugías electivas por no más de seis a ocho semanas, de acuerdo a las condiciones clínicas de los pacientes. En el caso de cirugías de urgencia o emergencia, se revisan tópicos del sistema de protección personal así como las estrategias recomendadas para la realización de los procedimientos.


The purpose of this article is to review the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, the clinical-epidemiological aspects of COVID-19, and the implications anesthesiologists when performing aerosol-generating procedures. A search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, and Web of Science databases was performed until April 9, 2020, using the words: "COVID-19 or COVID19 or SARS-CoV-2 and anesthesiology or anesthesia". Forty-eight articles with information on the management of the patient in the perioperative period or the intensive care unit when suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. In general, the postponement of elective surgeries for no more than 6 to 8 weeks, depending on the clinical condition of the patients is recommended. In the case of urgent or emergency surgeries, we review the use of personal protection gear, as well as the recommended strategies for carrying out the procedure.


Subject(s)
Humans , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/epidemiology , Anesthesiology/standards , Occupational Diseases/prevention & control , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Respiration, Artificial/standards , Surgical Procedures, Operative/methods , Elective Surgical Procedures , Aerosols , Pandemics , Symptom Assessment/methods , Personal Protective Equipment , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/transmission , Intensive Care Units , Intubation, Intratracheal/methods , Intubation, Intratracheal/standards , Anesthesia, Conduction/methods , Anesthesia, Epidural/methods , Anesthesia, General/methods , Anesthesia, Spinal/methods , Anesthesiology/organization & administration , Nerve Block/methods
2.
Rev. chil. anest ; 45(1): 16-26, 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869643

ABSTRACT

Las nuevas guías, proveen una estructura paso a paso, para el manejo de intubación difícil y fallida en obstetricia. Aunque muchos centros pueden tener sus propias guías, la producción de una directriz nacional, provee ahora una Algoritmo estándar. Tabla 1 en una herramienta de entrenamiento que permite la toma de decisiones y ayudar a determinar si despertar al paciente o continuar con la cirugía. Mensajes claves de estas guías son:• Uso de ventilación con mascarilla, durante inducción de secuencia rápida.• Remoción de la presión cricoidea, durante intubación fallida.• Uso precoz de dispositivos supragloticos en intubación fallida.• Uso de bloqueo neuromuscular profundo previo a definir.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Anesthesia, Obstetrical , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Intubation, Intratracheal/standards , Algorithms
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 139(2): 165-170, feb. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-595282

ABSTRACT

Background: Chilean medical schools curricula are focused on the acquisition of competencies. Tracheal intubation is considered a terminal competence. Aim: To evaluate the competencies related to airway management including tracheal intubation in undergraduate medical students. Material and Methods: Prospective observational study. Thirty medical students in the sixth year of a seven years undergraduate program (25.2 percent of the cohort) were randomly chosen and invited to participate in a simulated environment of elective tracheal intubation using a manikin. The students were assessed according to a checklist validated with the Delphi technique and a written self-assessment questionnaire. Results: Seventeen students (57 percent) accepted to participate, corresponding to 14.3 percent of the cohort. Tracheal intubation was achieved by 64 percent, with 60 seconds as the mean time of apnea. Less than half of the students checked the instruments, performed pre-oxygenation or evaluated the airway. Eighty-seven percent of the students said that the current curriculum offers them minimal competencies for airway management in a real clinical situation and all prefer simulated scenarios for the acquisition of clinical skills. Conclusions: The methodology currently used to teach tracheal intubation is not assuring the acquisition of the competencies to the students in this curriculum stage. More effective teaching methods are required, and the use of simulated scenarios can be a useful tool.


Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Competence , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods , Intubation, Intratracheal/instrumentation , Intubation, Intratracheal/standards , Students, Medical , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards , Manikins , Prospective Studies
6.
São Paulo med. j ; 125(6): 322-328, Nov. 2007. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-476090

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: High intracuff pressure in endotracheal tubes (ETs) may cause tracheal lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of endotracheal tube cuffs filled with air or with alkalinized lidocaine. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a prospective clinical study at the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista. METHODS: Among 50 patients, ET cuff pressures were recorded before, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after starting and upon ending nitrous oxide anesthesia. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups: Air, with ET cuff inflated with air to attain a cuff pressure of 20 cmH2O; and Lido, with ET cuff filled with 2 percent lidocaine plus 8.4 percent sodium bicarbonate to attain the same pressure. ET discomfort before tracheal extubation, and sore throat, hoarseness and coughing incidence were studied at the time of discharge from the post-anesthesia care unit, and sore throat and hoarseness were studied 24 hours after anesthesia. RESULTS: Pressures in Lido cuffs were significantly lower than in Air cuffs (p < 0.05). Tracheal complaints were similar for the two groups, except for lower ET discomfort and sore throat incidence after 24 hours and lower systolic arterial pressure at the time of extubation in the Lido group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: ET cuffs filled with alkalinized lidocaine prevented the occurrence of high cuff pressures during N2O anesthesia and reduced ET discomfort and postoperative sore throat incidence. Thus, alkalinized lidocaine-filled ET cuffs seem to be safer than conventional air-filled ET cuffs.


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Os tubos traqueais são dispositivos utilizados para manutenção da ventilação. A hiperinsuflação do balonete do tubo traqueal, causada pela difusão do óxido nitroso (N2O), pode determinar lesões traqueais, que se manifestam clinicamente como odinofagia, rouquidão e tosse. A lidocaína, quando injetada no balonete do tubo traqueal, difunde-se através de sua parede, determinando ação anestésica local na traquéia. O objetivo foi avaliar a efetividade e a segurança do balonete do tubo traqueal preenchido com ar comparado com o balonete preenchido com lidocaína, considerando os desfechos: sintomas cardiovasculatórios (HAS, taquicardia); odinofagia, tosse, rouquidão e tolerância ao tubo traqueal. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo clínico prospectivo, realizado no Departamento de Anestesiologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Unesp, campus de Botucatu. MÉTODOS: A pressão do balonete do tubo traqueal foi medida, entre 50 pacientes, antes, 30, 60, 90 e 120 minutos após o início da inalação de N2O anestésico. As pacientes foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos: Air, em que o balonete foi inflado com ar para obtenção de pressão de 20 cm H2O, e Lido, em que o balonete foi preenchido com lidocaína a 2 por cento mais bicarbonato de sódio a 8,4 por cento para obtenção da mesma pressão. O desconforto antes da extubação, e manifestações clínicas como dor de garganta, rouquidão e tosse foram registrados no momento da alta da unidade de cuidados pós-anestésicos, e dor de garganta e rouquidão foram avaliadas também 24 horas após a anestesia. RESULTADOS: Os valores da pressão no balonete em G2 foram significativamente menores do que os de Air em todos os tempos de estudo, a partir de 30 minutos (p < 0,001). A proporção de pacientes que reagiu ao tubo traqueal no momento da desintubação foi significantemente menor em Lido (p < 0,005). A incidência de odinofagia foi significantemente menor em Lido no primeiro dia de pós-operatório...


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Intubation, Intratracheal/instrumentation , Lidocaine/administration & dosage , Nitrous Oxide/administration & dosage , Pharyngitis/etiology , Administration, Inhalation , Anesthesia, Inhalation , Cough/etiology , Hoarseness/etiology , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Intubation, Intratracheal/standards , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Pharyngitis/prevention & control , Prospective Studies , Trachea/injuries , Young Adult
7.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 53(3): 209-212, maio-jun. 2007. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-460384

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: A extubação traqueal precoce após cirurgias favorece a evolução dos pacientes e reduz o tempo de internação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), reduzindo custos hospitalares. Em cirurgias de ressecção pulmonar, tradicionalmente o pós-operatório imediato é realizado em UTI com pacientes entubados. Nesse estudo avaliou-se prontuários de pacientes submetidos a toracotomia e estabeleceu-se correlação entre o momento da extubação, a evolução pós-operatória e a internação em UTI. MÉTODOS: Estudo tipo coorte retrospectivo de prontuários de 121 pacientes submetidos a cirurgias de ressecção pulmonar. Foram relacionados o tempo de internação em UTI e o momento da extubação traqueal. A evolução pós-operatória foi classificada em boa ou ruim de acordo com a ausência ou a presença de: infecções, problemas respiratórios (reintubação, broncospasmo, edema agudo de pulmão, necessidade de traqueostomia, atelectasias, fístulas), reabordagem por sangramento, óbito. Entre os grupos foram analisadas as condições pré-operatórias, classificação de estado físico anestésico (critério da American Society of Anesthesyologists - ASA), presença de comorbidades, avaliação funcional respiratória e duração do procedimento cirúrgico. Utilizou-se o risco relativo para avaliar o efeito do tempo de extubação na evolução pós-operatória dos pacientes. RESULTADOS: A distribuição dos pacientes quanto ao tempo de extubação foi: 81 por cento extubações imediatas, 15 por cento não imediatas e 4 por cento não-extubados. Em relação ao destino, 73 por cento foram encaminhados à UTI e 27 por cento à sala de recuperação anestésica. A incidência de comorbidades (hipertensão arterial, diabetes melito, distúrbio ventilatório restritivo ou obstrutivo e cardiopatias) entre o grupo extubado imediatamente e aquele com extubação não imediata foi de 37 por cento e 41,6 por cento, respectivamente. Quanto ao estado físico (ASA), observou-se: pacientes ASA 1 ou 2 - 62 por cento no ...


OBJECTIVE: Early tracheal extubation following surgical procedures favors clinical evolution of patients and reduces incidence and time of stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), minimizing hospital costs. Immediate postoperative period of pulmonary resections often takes place in the ICU and patients are kept intubated. This study evaluated hospital records of patients submitted to thoracotomy and a correlation between extubation time, postoperative evolution and ICU stay was established. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of records of 121 patients submitted to pulmonary parenchyma resection (not biopsies) was carried out. Stay in the ICU and time of tracheal extubation were related. Postoperative evolution was classified as good or bad according to occurrence of some of the following conditions: infections, respiratory disorders (reintubation, bronchospasm, acute pulmonary edema, need of tracheotomy, atelectasis, fistulae), re-operation due to bleeding and death. Among the two groups preoperative conditions, anesthetic physical status (American Society of Anesthesyologists - ASA criteria), presence of associated diseases, respiratory functional evaluation and duration of surgery were analyzed. Relative risk was used to evaluate effect of time of extubation (immediate or non-immediate) on the postoperative evolution of patients. RESULTS: Patient distribution related to extubation time was: 81 percent immediate extubation, 15 percent non-immediate extubation and 4 percent not extubated. Destination after surgery was: 73 percent ICU and 27 percent post-anesthetic recovery room. Incidence of associated diseases (arterial hypertension, diabetes, obstructive or restrictive pulmonary disease and cardiopaty) among the immediately extubated group and non-immediately extubated group was 37 percent and 41.6 percent, respectively. Related to ASA physical status: 62 percent ASA 1 or 2 in the immediately extubated group and 58.3 percent ASA 1 or ...


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Intensive Care Units , Intubation, Intratracheal/standards , Lung Diseases/surgery , Thoracotomy , Ventilator Weaning , Elective Surgical Procedures , Intensive Care Units/economics , Intubation, Intratracheal/economics , Length of Stay/economics , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Postoperative Period , Pneumonectomy/methods , Retrospective Studies , Risk , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
8.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 52(6): 405-408, nov.-dez. 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-440206

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: A pressão intracuff, quando mal ajustada, pode gerar complicações, sendo importante sua mensuração precisa e rotineira. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as pressões intracuff nos períodos matutino, vespertino e noturno, além de avaliar as pressões dos tubos orotraqueais (TOT) e das cânulas de traqueostomia, comparando seus valores e correlacionando com o gênero. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo e prospectivo com amostra composta por 72 pacientes (51 com TOT e 21 traqueostomizados), internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. As pressões intracuff foram mensuradas, com um cufômetro, nos períodos matutino, vespertino e noturno. Estas pressões foram ajustadas, quando necessário, pelo método auscultatório da traquéia e verificação do escape de ar pela boca. RESULTADOS: A média geral das pressões intracuff foi de 32,9±8,9 cmH2O, sendo no turno matutino de 36,7±1,6 cmH2O, no vespertino de 31,6±1,04 cmH2O e no noturno de 30,6±1,16 cmH2O, com significância entre os períodos matutino e vespertino (p<0,001) e entre matutino e noturno (p<0,001). Ao se relacionar as pressões com o gênero, não houve diferença significativa. A comparação entre a média das pressões intracuff para os TOT (31,7±7,1 cmH2O) e para as cânulas de traqueostomias (36,1±11,8 cmH2O) foi significativa (p=0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Sugere-se o estabelecimento de uma rotina de mensurações matutinas e noturnas. Além disso, foi observada maior pressão intracuff nas cânulas dos pacientes traqueostomizados, mostrando a importância de se redobrar os cuidados a estes pacientes.


OBJECTIVE: The intracuff pressure, when maladjusted, may cause complications. It is therefore important to measure it precisely and according to a routine. The objective of this study was to compare the intracuff pressures in the morning, afternoon and night shifts, and to measure pressures of the endotracheal tube (TOT) and the tracheotomy tube, comparing the results obtained and relating it with patients gender. METHODS: In this descriptive and prospective study, the intracuff pressure of 72 intensive care unit patients (51 using TOT and 21 tracheotomy tube) was measured with a control-insuflator during the morning, afternoon and night shift changes. These pressures were adjusted when necessary, aided by the tracheal auscultation method and by the observation of the mouth air leaks. RESULTS: Average pressures were 32.9±8.9cmH2O, of which 36.7±1.6cmH2O in the morning shift; 31.6±1.04cmH2O in the afternoon shift; and 30.6±1.16cmH2O in the night shift, with significance in the morning and afternoon shifts (p<0.001) and between the morning and night shifts (p<0.001). There was no significant change when compared with patients' gender. Comparison of the average intracuff pressures for the TOT (31.7±7.1cmH2O) and the tracheotomy tube (36.1±11.8cmH2O) was significant (p=0.05). CONCLUSION: A routine of measuring intracuff pressures during the morning and night shifts should be established. Furthermore, a higher intracuff pressure in the tube was observed in patients who underwent tracheotomy, showing the importance of redoubling the care of these patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Critical Care/standards , Intubation, Intratracheal/standards , Tracheotomy , Circadian Rhythm , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Pressure , Prospective Studies , Respiration, Artificial , Time Factors , Trachea/injuries
9.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 82(5): 347-353, Sept.-Oct. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-438351

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a relação entre espaço morto e volume corrente (VD/VT) como preditivo de falha na extubação de crianças sob ventilação mecânica. MÉTODOS: Entre setembro de 2001 e janeiro de 2003, realizamos uma coorte, na qual foram incluídas todas as crianças (1 dia-15 anos) submetidas a ventilação mecânica na unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica em que foi possível realizar a extubação e a ventilometria pré-extubação com a medida do índice VD/VT. Considerou-se falha na extubação a necessidade de reinstituição de algum tipo de assistência ventilatória, invasiva ou não, em um período de 48 horas. Para a análise dos pacientes que foram reintubados, definiu-se como sucesso-R a não reintubação. Para as análises estatísticas, utilizou-se um corte do VD/VT de 0,65. RESULTADOS: No período estudado, 250 crianças receberam ventilação mecânica na unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica. Destas, 86 compuseram a amostra estudada. Vinte e uma crianças (24,4 por cento) preencheram o critério de falha de extubação, com 11 (12,8 por cento) utilizando suporte não-invasivo e 10 (11,6 por cento) reintubadas. A idade média foi de 16,8 (±30,1) meses, e a mediana, de 5,5 meses. A média do índice VD/VT de todos os casos foi de 0,62 (±0,18). As médias do índice VD/VT para os pacientes que tiveram a extubação bem sucedida e para os que falharam foram, respectivamente, 0,62 (±0,17) e 0,65 (±0,21) (p = 0,472). Na regressão logística, o índice VD/VT não apresentou correlação estatisticamente significativa com o sucesso ou não da extubação (p = 0,8458), nem para aqueles que foram reintubados (p = 0,5576). CONCLUSÕES: Em uma população pediátrica submetida a ventilação mecânica, por etiologias variadas, o índice VD/VT não possibilitou predizer qual a população de risco para falha de extubação ou reintubação.


OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the ratio of dead space to tidal volume (VD/VT) as a predictor of extubation failure of children from mechanical ventilation. METHODS: From September 2001 to January 2003 we studied a cohort consisting of all children (1 day-15 years) submitted to mechanical ventilation at a pediatric intensive care unit who were extubated and for whom pre-extubation ventilometry data were available, including the VD/VT ratio. Extubation success was defined as no need for any type of ventilatory support, invasive or otherwise, within 48 hours. Patients who tolerated extubation, with or without noninvasive support, were defined as success-R and compared with those who were reintubated. Statistic analysis was based on a VD/VT cutoff point of 0.65. RESULTS:During the study period 250 children received mechanical ventilation at the pediatric intensive care unit. Eighty-six of these children comprised the study sample. Twenty-one children (24.4 percent) met the criteria for extubation failure, with 11 (12.8 percent) of these requiring non-invasive support and 10 (11.6 percent) reintubation. Their mean age was 16.8 (±30.1) months (median = 5.5 months). The mean VD/VT ratio for all cases was 0.62 (±0.18). Mean VD/VT ratios for patients with successful and failed extubations were 0.62 (±0.17) and 0.65 (±0.21) (p = 0.472), respectively. Logistic regression failed to reveal any statistically significant correlation between VD/VT ratio and success or failure of extubation (p = 0.8458), even for patients who were reintubated (p = 0.5576). CONCLUSIONS: In a pediatric population receiving mechanical ventilation due to a variety of etiologies, the VD/VT ratio was unable to predict the populations at risk of extubation failure or of reintubation.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Respiratory Dead Space/physiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Tidal Volume/physiology , Ventilator Weaning/standards , Epidemiologic Methods , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Intubation, Intratracheal/standards , Treatment Failure , Ventilator Weaning/adverse effects
10.
Middle East Journal of Anesthesiology. 2006; 18 (5): 879-886
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-79631

ABSTRACT

The present report evaluates the incidence of pain on intravenous injection and the condition oftracheal intubation at one minute following the administration of cisatracurium or rocuronium versus rocuronium-cisatracurium combination. We studied 60 patients, ASA 1, aged 18-60 years, undergoing elective surgical procedures. The patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups who received intravenously either 0.15 mg/kg cisatracurium [2ED[95]], 0,6 mg rocuronium [2ED[95]] or a combination of 0.075 mg/kg cisatracurium [ED[95]], plus 0.3 mg rocuronium [1ED[95]]. In the awake patients, the pain on injection of muscle relaxant was assessed on a four point scale [none, mild, moderate, severe]. Administration of the relaxant was followed by 1-2 mg/kg of lidocaine and 2 mg/kg propofol. Oro-tracheal intubation was performed 60 seconds following the administration of the relaxant. The intubating conditions were assessed and rated as excellent, good, fair or poor. The administration of 2ED[95] cisatracurium resulted in poor intubating conditions at 60s, without pain on injection. In contrast, the administration of 2ED[95] rocuronium resulted in excellent or good intubating conditions at 60s associated with high incidence of pain on injection in most of the patients. However, the combination of 1ED[95] cisatracurium with 1ED[95] rocuronium provided similar intubating conditions to the 2ED[95] rocuronium alone, associated with a significantly less pain on injection


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Intubation, Intratracheal/standards , Pain/prevention & control , Atracurium/analogs & derivatives , Atracurium , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents , Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents
11.
Caracas; s.n; nov. 2005. 51 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-551785

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los pacientes en terapia intensiva con ventilación mecánica, por ende con tubo traqueal necesitan mantenerlos en buena posición para evitar complicaciones, por eso nace la necesidad de implementar métodos adecuados para su fijación. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia del método de fijación del tubo traqueal en pacientes críticamente enfermos en una unidad de terapia intensiva. Método: Descriptivo, comparativo, prospectivo; conformado por 55 pacientes en el Servicio de Terapia Intensiva del Hospital de Niños "Dr. José Manuel de los Ríos", Caracas, Venezuela, durante el tercer trimestre del año 2005. Criterio de inclusión fue todo paciente con tubo traqueal. Se registro en tess con 5 indicadores y 20 subindicadores. Resultado: El método de fijación más usado fue el de tres bandas (61,8 por ciento), y las complicaciones predominantes fueron selectividad bronquial (49,1 por ciento), intubación, reintubación y cambio de adhesivo (38,2 por ciento), siendo la higiene broncopulmonar estadísticamente significativa (p = < 0,002), el método de fijación utilizado resultó independiente de las complicaciones. Conclusiones: Se evidenció que es necesario implementar métodos más eficaces de fijación del tubo traqueal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Critical Illness , Intubation, Intratracheal/nursing , Intubation, Intratracheal/standards , Respiration, Artificial , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Pediatric Nursing
14.
Med. intensiva ; 21(1): 7-14, 2004. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-397655

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo se desarrolló en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) y en la Unidad Coronaria (UCO) del Hospital de Agudos Juan A. Fernandez, desde el día 6 de marzo de 2001 hasta el 8 de julio de 2002. El objetivo fue verificar si existen diferencias significativas en las variables de protección de la vía aérea (VA) entre los pacientes que fueron extubados con éxito y los que fracasaron en la extubación. Estas diferencias pueden tener relevancia al momento de la extubación de los pacientes. Los pacientes fueron incorporados a la muestra en forma consecutiva siempre que hubieran sido intubados orotraquealmente, que hubieran recibido asistencia ventilatoria mecánica por un lapso no inferior a 24 hs. y que superaran con éxito una prueba de Tubo en T por un tiempo mínimo de 30 minutos...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Female , Intubation, Intratracheal/standards , Respiratory Therapy , Ventilator Weaning , Bronchi , Cough , Deglutition , Glasgow Coma Scale , Intensive Care Units , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Peak Expiratory Flow Rate , Prospective Studies , Respiration, Artificial , Respiratory Insufficiency , Sputum , Ventilator Weaning
16.
Middle East Journal of Anesthesiology. 1997; 14 (1): 25-31
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-46060

ABSTRACT

The study was designed to compare the effectiveness and ease of the insertion of the laryngeal mask airway [LMA] and the endotracheal tube [ETT] according to the presence of sign of difficult airway. Eight hundred seventy nine patients undergoing elective surgery were randomly allocated in the ETT group [n = 453] and the LMA group [n = 426]. Airway assessment was performed using the original Mallampati classification and measuring the maximum range of the head and neck mobility. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol and succinylcholine. The severity of difficulty in ETT or LMA insertion was estimated on a three-point scale according to the final outcome of the airway management [0 = easy, 1 = difficult, 2 = impossible]. Patients with suspected or observed difficulty in tracheal intubation proved to have easy insertion of LMA. Additionally, the ease of intubation was unrelated to potential failure of proper insertion of LMA. Although [difficult] patients in both studied groups have similar frequencies, the underlying anatomical characteristics were not similar


Subject(s)
Humans , Intubation, Intratracheal/standards , Anesthesia/methods , Anesthesia, General , General Surgery/methods
17.
Emerg. medicas ; 1(3): 60-1, ago. 1996. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-239695

ABSTRACT

Se analizan las indicaciones, métodos de medicación y la técnica específica del procedimiento


Subject(s)
Humans , Intubation, Intratracheal/methods , Intubation, Intratracheal/instrumentation , Intubation, Intratracheal/standards
18.
Emerg. medicas ; 1(3): 65-9, ago. 1996.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-239697

ABSTRACT

Se reseñan los distintos métodos de comprobación de una correcta intubación traqueal. El balón autoinsuflable y la capnografía son los métodos más seguros para una adecuada intubación


Subject(s)
Humans , Intubation, Intratracheal/standards , Process Assessment, Health Care/methods
19.
Rev. méd. cient. San Gabriel ; 2(1): 13-7, ene.-jun. 1995. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-216676

ABSTRACT

En el presente trabajo se estudio el numero de tubo orotaqueal mas empleado en pacientes menores de 5 años. Para este efecto se realizo comparaciones en 133 pacientes entre el numero de tubo orotraqueal teorico obtenido por formula y tablas y el tubo orotraqueal empleado en la practica, con anestesia inhalatoria casi exclusivamente. Obteniendose en los resultados que en general se emplea un tubo orotraqueal de mayor diametro en relacion al teorico; particularmente en el grupo de menores de 6 meses; 1 a 2 años; 2 a 3 años, corroborado con datos estadisticos y que ademas la tecnica de induccion y mantenimiento inhalatorio casi exclusivamente, en este caso halotano, ofrece adecuadas condiciones de intubacion orotraqueal sin relajante


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Intubation, Intratracheal/standards , Intubation, Intratracheal/trends , Pediatrics , Anesthesia, Inhalation/adverse effects , Anesthesia, Inhalation/standards , Anesthesia, Inhalation/trends
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