ABSTRACT
Abstract Postoperative visual loss is a rare and devastating complication. The estimated incidence is 0.01-1% after non ocular surgery. It has been reported after spine, cardiac and head and neck surgeries. We report a patient who was operated for cervical laminectomy in prone position and complained of loss of vision in one eye postoperatively. He was thoroughly investigated after visual loss. The case was diagnosed as central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) of the left eye. Here we consider the potential etiological factors causing this unilateral loss of vision and try to suggest strategies to reduce the incidence of the complication in spinal surgery.
Resumo A perda visual pós-operatória é uma complicação rara e devastadora. A incidência estimada é de 0,01-1% após cirurgia não oftalmológica. Há relatos de sua ocorrência após cirurgias da coluna, cardíaca e de cabeça e pescoço. Relatamos o caso de um paciente submetido à laminectomia cervical em pronação que se queixou de perda de visão em um dos olhos no pós-operatório. O paciente foi profundamente investigado após a perda visual. O caso foi diagnosticado como oclusão da artéria central da retina (CRAO) do olho esquerdo. Aqui consideramos os potenciais fatores etiológicos que causam essa perda unilateral da visão e tentamos sugerir estratégias para reduzir a incidência dessa complicação em cirurgia de coluna vertebral.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Retinal Artery Occlusion/etiology , Blindness/etiology , Prone Position , Patient Positioning , Laminectomy/adverse effects , Middle AgedABSTRACT
ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To investigate whether topically administered hemostatic agents ankaferd blood stopper and microporous polysaccharide hemospheres can decrease epidural fibrosis after laminectomy in rats. METHODS: Eighteen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally and randomly divided into three groups. In the treatment groups, ankaferd blood stopper and microporous polysaccharide hemospheres topically administrated upon duramater surface after laminectomy. Fibroblast count, epidural fibrosis and arachnoidal involvement were evaluated and graded histopathologically. RESULTS: Our data revealed that the count of fibroblasts, the grading of epidural fibrosis and arachnoideal involvement in the rats treated with microporous polysaccharide hemospheres were significantly less than the control group. Although the arachnoideal involvement in ankaferd blood stopper group were significantly less than the control group, there were no statistical differences when comparing the grading of epidural fibrosis and the fibroblasts count between the treatment groups and the control group. CONCLUSION: The ankaferd blood stopper and microporous polysaccharide hemospheres reduced epidural fibrosis and arachnoideal involvement after laminectomy in rats.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Epidural Space , Hemostatics/administration & dosage , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Polysaccharides/administration & dosage , Postoperative Complications/pathology , Administration, Topical , Arachnoid/pathology , Fibroblasts/pathology , Fibrosis/pathology , Fibrosis/prevention & control , Laminectomy/adverse effects , Models, Animal , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Studies have shown that physiopathological changes to the respiratory system can occur following thoracic and abdominal surgery. Laminectomy is considered to be a peripheral surgical procedure, but it is possible that thoracic spinal surgery exerts a greater influence on lung function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pulmonary volumes and maximum respiratory pressures of patients undergoing cervical, thoracic or lumbar spinal surgery. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study in a tertiary-level university hospital. METHODS: Sixty-three patients undergoing laminectomy due to diagnoses of tumors or herniated discs were evaluated. Vital capacity, tidal volume, minute ventilation and maximum respiratory pressures were evaluated preoperatively and on the first and second postoperative days. Possible associations between the respiratory variables and the duration of the operation, surgical diagnosis and smoking status were investigated. RESULTS: Vital capacity and maximum inspiratory pressure presented reductions on the first postoperative day (20.9% and 91.6%, respectively) for thoracic surgery (P = 0.01), and maximum expiratory pressure showed reductions on the first postoperative day in cervical surgery patients (15.3%; P = 0.004). The incidence of pulmonary complications was 3.6%. CONCLUSIONS: There were reductions in vital capacity and maximum respiratory pressures during the postoperative period in patients undergoing laminectomy. Surgery in the thoracic region was associated with greater reductions in vital capacity and maximum inspiratory pressure, compared with cervical and lumbar surgery. Thus, surgical manipulation of the thoracic region appears to have more influence on pulmonary function and respiratory muscle action.
CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Estudos têm demonstrado que alterações fisiopatológicas no sistema respiratório podem ocorrer após cirurgia torácica e abdominal. A laminectomia é considerada uma cirurgia periférica, mas é possível que as cirurgias de coluna torácica exerçam maior influência sobre a função pulmonar. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os volumes pulmonares e as pressões respiratórias máximas em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de coluna cervical, torácica ou lombar. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo prospectivo em hospital universitário terciário. MÉTODOS: Sessenta e três pacientes submetidos a laminectomia com diagnóstico tumor ou hérnia de disco foram avaliados. Foram avaliados, no pré-operatório, no primeiro e no segundo dias de pós-operatório, capacidade vital, volume corrente, volume por minuto e pressões respiratórias máximas. Possíveis associações entre as variáveis respiratórias e duração da cirurgia, diagnóstico cirúrgico e tabagismo foram investigadas. RESULTADOS: A capacidade vital e a pressão inspiratória máxima apresentaram redução no primeiro dia de pós-operatório (20.9% and 91.6%, respectivamente) nas cirurgias torácicas; P = 0,01), e a pressão expiratória máxima apresentou redução no primeiro dia de pós-operatório de cirurgia cervical (15.3%; P = 0,004). A incidência de complicações pulmonares foi de 3,6%. CONCLUSÕES: Houve redução da capacidade vital e das pressões respiratórias máximas no período pós-operatório em pacientes submetidos a laminectomia. A cirurgia na região torácica apresentou associação com maiores reduções na capacidade vital e na pressão inspiratória máxima em comparação com a cirurgia cervical e lombar. Assim, a manipulação cirúrgica da região torácica parece ter maior influência na função pulmonar e na ação dos músculos respiratórios.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/surgery , Laminectomy/adverse effects , Lung/physiopathology , Respiratory Muscles/physiopathology , Spinal Neoplasms/surgery , Spine/surgery , Analysis of Variance , Lung Volume Measurements , Muscle Strength/physiology , Postoperative Period , Prospective Studies , Time Factors , Vital CapacityABSTRACT
Objective: To present the deformities and evaluate the results of their treatment. Methods: Retrospective study of patients with deformity following surgical access to the spinal canal. Fifteen patients who met the inclusion criteria were included. Patients without complete data in medical records were excluded. Results: Fourteen patients underwent surgical treatment and one patient received conservative treatment with vest type TLSO. The average angle of kyphosis correction was 87° preoperatively to 38° postoperatively, while the associated scoliosis correction was 69° preoperatively to 23° postoperatively. Conclusions: The prevention of deformity should be emphasized to avoid laminectomy alone, while laminoplasty should be the procedure of choice for canal access in surgeries where there is no need for resection of the posterior elements. .
Objetivos: Apresentar as deformidades e avaliar os resultados de seu tratamento. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes portadores de deformidade após cirurgia de acesso ao canal vertebral. Incluíram-se quinze pacientes que satisfaziam os critérios de inclusão. Foram excluídos os pacientes que não apresentavam dados completos no prontuário. Resultados: Quatorze pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico e um paciente ao tratamento conservador com colete do tipo OTLS. A correção angular média da cifose foi de 87° no pré-operatório para 38° após a cirurgia, enquanto a correção da escoliose associada foi de 69° no pré-operatório para 23° no pós-operatório. Conclusões: A prevenção da deformidade deve ser enfatizada evitando-se a laminectomia isolada, enquanto a laminoplastia deve ser o procedimento de escolha para acesso ao canal nas cirurgias em que não há necessidade de ressecção dos elementos posteriores. .
Objetivo: Presentar las deformidades y evaluar los resultados de su tratamiento. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes con deformidad después del acceso quirúrgico al canal espinal. Quince pacientes que cumplían los criterios de inclusión fueron incluidos. Se excluyeron los pacientes que no tenían dados completos en la historia clínica. Resultados: Catorce pacientes fueron sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico y un paciente recibió tratamiento conservador con ortesis OTLS. La corrección de la cifosis angular promedio fue de 87° antes de la operación a 38o después de la cirugía, mientras que la escoliosis asociada fue de 69° antes de la operación a 23° después de la operación. Conclusiones: La prevención de la deformidad debe ser destacada para evitar laminectomía solo, mientras que laminoplastia debe ser el procedimiento de elección para el acceso al canal durante la cirugía donde no hay necesidad de resección de los elementos posteriores. .
Subject(s)
Humans , Laminectomy/adverse effects , Spinal Curvatures/prevention & control , Treatment Outcome , LaminoplastyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the development of mechanical complications as a result of spinal decompression or cauda equina in patients with metastatic tumors of the spine via laminectomy or laminoartrectomy without fixation. METHODS: We studied the medical records of all patients submitted to spine decompression with laminectomy without fixation. The decompression was indicated to treat cord compression or cauda equina caused by metastatic tumors. Patients were evaluated for the development of postoperative mechanical instability by comparing the preoperative radiological examinations with the latest one available in the medical record review.. In these images, we evaluated the emergence of new deformity in the sagittal or coronal planes and translational deformity. We consider new deformity, signs of deformity greater or equal to 5° in the coronal or sagittal planes and signs of increased vertebral translation greater than or equal to 3 mm. RESULTS: No patient developed radiological instability in the period evaluated with an average follow-up of 163.24 days (3-663). The complication rate in our sample was not higher than the previously reported in the literature. CONCLUSION: Isolated laminectomy at one or more levels is a safe procedure for the treatment of metastatic spinal cord compression where the spine is judged stable before surgery. .
OBJETIVO: Analisar o desenvolvimento de complicações mecânicas como resultado da descompressão medular ou da cauda equina de pacientes com doença metastática da coluna vertebral através de laminectomia ou laminoartrectomia sem fixação. MÉTODOS: Estudamos todos os prontuários de pacientes que foram submetidos à descompressão da coluna vertebral por laminectomia sem fixação. A descompressão foi indicada por compressão medular ou da cauda equina por tumores sólidos em doença metastática. Os pacientes foram avaliados quanto ao desenvolvimento de instabilidade mecânica pós-operatória através da comparação dos exames radiológicos pré-operatórios com o último exame disponível no prontuário. Nessas imagens, avaliamos o surgimento de deformidade nova no plano sagital ou coronal e deformidade translacional. Consideramos como deformidade nova, sinais de deformidade maior ou igual a 5º no plano coronal ou sagital e sinais de aumento da translação vertebral maior ou igual a 3 mm. RESULTADOS: Nenhum paciente evoluiu com instabilidade radiológica no período avaliado com tempo médio de seguimento de 163,24 dias (3-663). A taxa de complicações encontrada em nossa amostra não foi superior à encontrada na literatura. CONCLUSÃO: A laminectomia isolada em um ou mais níveis é um procedimento seguro para tratamento da compressão medular metastática quando há julgamento de que a coluna é estável no momento da indicação da cirurgia. .
OBJETIVO: Analizar el desarrollo de complicaciones mecánicas como consecuencia de la descompresión espinal o la cauda equina en los pacientes con enfermedad metastásica de la columna vertebral a través de una laminectomía o laminoartrectomia sin fijar. MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron las historias clínicas de todos los pacientes que fueron sometidos a laminectomía sin fijación. La descompresión se indicó por compresión de la médula o la cauda equina por metástasis de tumores sólidos. Los pacientes fueron evaluados para el desarrollo de la inestabilidad mecánica postoperatoria mediante la comparación de los exámenes radiológicos preoperatorios con última imagen disponible en el registro clínico. En estas imágenes, se evalúa la aparición de nueva deformidad en el plano coronal o sagital y deformidad traslacional. Consideramos nueva deformidad, los signos de una deformidad mayor o igual a 5° en el plano coronal o sagital y signos de aumento de la traslación vertebral superior o igual a 3 mm. RESULTADOS: Ningún paciente desarrolló inestabilidad radiológica en el período evaluado con un seguimiento promedio de 163,24 días (3-663). La tasa de complicaciones en nuestra muestra no era mayor que la encontrada en la literatura. CONCLUSIÓN: Laminectomía aislada en uno o más niveles es un procedimiento seguro para el tratamiento de compresión metastásica de la médula cuando se juzga que la columna es estable en el momento de la indicación quirúrgica. .
Subject(s)
Humans , Laminectomy/adverse effects , Spinal Neoplasms , Cauda Equina , Decompression, SurgicalABSTRACT
O objetivo deste experimento foi isolar a musculatura epaxial da medula espinhal de cães submetidos à laminectomia dorsal modificada (LDM) e averiguar se os músculos influenciaram na formação da fibrose epidural, na compressão medular e no aparecimento dos sinais neurológicos. Para isso, dez cães hígidos foram submetidos à LDM entre as vértebras T13 e L1 e distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos denominados controle (I) onde a medula espinhal permaneceu exposta sem a presença de implante, e tratado (II)onde foi colocado um im-plante a base de alumínio entre a musculatura epaxial adjacente e a medula espinhal exposta pela LDM. As avaliações constaram de exames neurológicos diários até 180 dias de pós-operatório (PO); mielografia, decorridos 15, 30 e 60 dias de PO; e avaliação macroscópica mediante a reintervenção cirúrgica. Não houve diferença durante as avaliações neurológicas. Aos 15 dias de PO, foi verificado na mielografia, que o grau de compressão da linha de contraste foi maior no grupo tratado (P<0,05) quando comparado ao grupo controle, não havendo diferença dos demais tempos estudados. Na avaliação macroscópica, pode-se observar que no Grupo II, a musculatura epaxial adjacente à medula espinhal não estava em contato com a fibrose epidural, diferentemente do grupo controle. O implante pôde ser removido facilmente e apresentava discreto grau de deformidade crânio-dorsal. Pode-se concluir que a musculatura epaxial adjacente é isolada da medula espinhal pelo implante à base de alumínio em cães submetidos à LDM, e esta não influencia na formação da fibrose epidural, compressão medular e no aparecimento dos sinais neurológicos.
The purpose of this study was to isolate the adjacent epaxial musculature from exposed spinal cord by modified dorsal laminectomy in dogs with aluminum implant and to verify whether the muscles contribute to form epidural fibrosis, spinal cord compression, and development of neurological signs. Ten dogs were submitted to modified dorsal laminectomy between T13 and L1 and then distributed along two groups. Dogs in the group 1 remained with the spinal cord exposed without the implant; dogs in the group 2 had an aluminum implant inserted between the epaxial muscles and the exposed spinal cord. Neurological examination was daily performed until 180 days post surgery. Additionally, myelography at 15, 30, and 60 days post surgery and macroscopic evaluation of the implant at six months post surgery were done. There was no difference between groups in the neurological examination. A statistical difference in the degree of spinal compression was observed at day 15 post surgery in the group 2. In this group, the epaxial musculature adjacent to the spinal cord was not in contact with the epidural fibrosis, differently to what was observed in the control group. The implant was removed easily with some degree of deformity. The results showed that the adjacent musculature of the spinal cord submitted to a modified dorsal laminectomy in dogs can be isolated by aluminum implant, without any contact with epidural fibrosis or influence in the development of neurological signs.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Spine/surgery , Laminectomy/adverse effects , Neurosurgical Procedures/adverse effects , Epidural Space/injuries , Fibrosis , Myelography/methodsABSTRACT
Epidural fibrosis [EF] is part of natural physiological tissue response to laminctomy and it may be an important cause of failed back surgery syndrome [FBSS]. There is still no effective medical or surgical therapy for EF. Osteoprotegerin [OPG] is a soluble member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family that might play a role in postoperative EF. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum OPG level and EF after laminectomy. Sixty rabbits were employed and divided randomly into two groups. Group A contained 20 rabbits as controls and group B contained 40 rabbits that underwent bilateral laminecyomy at L4 and L5 lumbar levels under an approved surgical protocol. Serum sample was obtained after 8 weeks from all rabbits and then the animals in group B were killed in accordance with the guidelines for euthanasia. The spine segment from L3 to L6 was removed en bloc. The amount of scar tissue at the laminectomy defect was scored on an ordinal score from 0 to 3 with a scoring system similar to that of He et al. According to the amount of scar the rabbits in group B, were divided into two groups: B1 with low fibrosis [grade 0, 1] and B2 with high fibrosis [grade 2, 3]. The serum OPG level of groups A, B1 and B2 were determined using ELISA method. The one way ANOVA was used to assess significant difference among groups. Serum OPG level ranged from 0-4 Pmol/l with a median of 1.5 Pmol/l in group A, 0-6 Pmol/l with a median of 2.42 Pmol/l n group B1 and 0-6 Pmol/l with a median of 2.15 Pmol/l in group B2. There was not any significant difference in OPG levels among these 3 groups. This study showed no relation between OPG level and existence of postlaminectomy EF after 8 weeks
Subject(s)
Animals , Laminectomy/adverse effects , Rabbits , Fibrosis , Epidural SpaceABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To report our data of cases of failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) and surgical and nonsurgical etiologies. METHOD: The medical charts of 121 patients submitted to laminectomy, hemilaminectomy combined with discectomy and/or foraminotomy between January 1997 and October 2004 in the Instituto of Neurologia Deolindo Couto were reviewed. The inclusion criterion was does not improve or the symptoms return after the surgery and with a minimum of three medical consultations with adequate investigation for the diagnosis. The patients had been divided in three main pre-surgical diagnosis: herniated disc, lumbar stenosis and the association of these. RESULTS: From the 121 patients submitted to spine surgical intervention, 47 (38.8 percent) had presented criteria for the FBSS. Among the 26 patients who had presented operative diagnosis of lumbar stenosis, 8 (30.7 percent) had presented FBSS; of the 83 with disc herniation, 31 (37.3 percent) had the syndrome; and the 12 patients with lumbar stenosis associated with disc herniation, 7 (58.3 percent) had failure of the back surgery. CONCLUSION: The failure of back surgery remains a challenge for the surgeons. There is an incessant search for the causes and the action mechanisms of this syndrome and the best method of treatment.
OBJETIVO: Relatar nossos dados sobre a síndrome pós-laminectomia (SPL) e as causas cirúrgicas e não-cirúrgicas. MÉTODO: Foram revisados 121 prontuários de pacientes submetidos a laminectomia, hemilaminectomia combinadas com discectomia e/ou foraminotomia realizadas no Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto entre janeiro de 1997 e outubro de 2004. RESULTADOS: Dos 121 pacientes que sofreram intervenção cirúrgica lombar, 47 (38,8 por cento) apresentaram critérios para a SPL. Dos 26 pacientes que apresentaram diagnóstico pré-operatório de estenose lombar, 8 (30,7 por cento) apresentaram SPL; dos 83 com hérnia de disco, 31 (37,3 por cento) tiveram a síndrome; e dos 12 pacientes com estenose lombar associada com hérnia de disco, 7 (58,3 por cento) tiveram a SPL. CONCLUSÃO: A síndrome pós-laminectomia permanece um desafio para os cirurgiões. Há uma busca incessante pelas causas e os mecanismos de ação desta síndrome e o melhor método de tratamento.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Back Pain/etiology , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/surgery , Laminectomy/adverse effects , Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery , Spinal Stenosis/surgery , Back Pain/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective Studies , Syndrome , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment FailureABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report a patient who developed an unusual combination of central retinal artery occlusion with ophthalmoplegia following spinal surgery in the prone position. METHODS: A 60-year-old man underwent a cervical spinal surgery in the prone position. Soon after recovery he could not open his right eye and had ocular pain due to the general anesthesia. Upon examination, we determined that he had a central retinal artery occlusion with total ophthalmoplegia. RESULTS: Despite medical treatment, optic atrophy was still present at the following examination. Ptosis and the afferent pupillary defect disappeared and ocular motility was recovered, but visual loss persisted until the last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A prolonged prone position during spinal surgery can cause external compression of the eye, causing serious and irreversible injury to the orbital structures. Therefore, if the patient shows postoperative signs of orbital swelling after spinal surgery the condition should be immediately evaluated and treated.
Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Male , Humans , Visual Acuity , Severity of Illness Index , Retinal Artery Occlusion/complications , Postoperative Complications , Ophthalmoplegia/complications , Neck Injuries/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Laminectomy/adverse effects , Fundus Oculi , Follow-Up Studies , Fluorescein Angiography , Diagnosis, Differential , Cervical Vertebrae/injuries , Blindness/etiologySubject(s)
Humans , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/surgery , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/complications , Low Back Pain/diagnosis , Low Back Pain/therapy , Spinal Diseases/surgery , Spinal Diseases/diagnosis , Spinal Diseases/therapy , Arachnoiditis/diagnosis , Arachnoiditis/therapy , Exercise , Laminectomy/adverse effects , Neurosurgical Procedures/history , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
Acute neurologic deterioration is not a rare event in the surgical decompression for thoracic spinal stenosis. We report a case of transient paraparesis after decompressive laminectomy in a 50-yr-old male patient with multi-level thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum and cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Decompressive laminectomy from T9 to T11 was performed without gross neurological improvement. Two weeks after the first operation, laminoplasty from C4 to C6 and additional decompressive laminectomies of T3, T4, T6, and T8 were performed. Paraparesis developed 3 hr after the second operation, which recovered spontaneously 5 hr thereafter. CT and MRI were immediately performed, but there were no corresponding lesions. Vascular compromise of the borderlines of the arterial supply by microthrombi might be responsible for the paraparesis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cervical Vertebrae/pathology , Decompression, Surgical/adverse effects , Laminectomy/adverse effects , Ligamentum Flavum/pathology , Longitudinal Ligaments/pathology , Ossification, Heterotopic , Paraparesis/etiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Intrathecal administration of preservative free morphine (spinal morphine) provides excellent post-operative analgesia. Since the dura is readily accessible by the surgeon during lumbar spinal surgery, it would be convenient and attractive to administer morphine into the spinal space to provide adequate post-operative analgesia in these patients. METHOD: A prospective randomized controlled study evaluated the post-operative analgesic effect of spinal morphine after lumbar laminectomy with fusion. Forty patients were randomly allocated to two groups, morphine (MO) or normal saline (NSS). Morphine 0.3 mg in normal saline 0.3 ml or normal saline 0.3 ml was injected into the dural sac under direct visualization before closing the wound. An intravenous PCA morphine device was provided for post-operative pain relief. RESULTS: Median visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores were lower in the MO group at 2, 4, 24 and 48 h after surgery (1, 1, 2.75 and 1.5 cm in the MO group vs 4.25, 4.25, 5 and 4 cm in the NSS group) (p < 0.05). The time to first patient control analgesia (PCA) demand was delayed in the MO group (131.7 min vs 29.6 min) (p < 0.05). The cumulative doses of PCA morphine consumption were lower in the MO group in the first 24 h and 24-48 h (13.7 and 15.9 mg vs 41.3 mg and 27.1 mg) (p < 0.001). The incidence of pruritus was higher in the MO group in 24 h and 24-48 h (45%, and 45% vs 5% and 10%) (p < 0.05). The incidence and severity of nausea, vomiting and sedation were not different. No patient developed respiratory depression or postdural puncture headache (PDPH). The patients' satisfaction with post-operative pain management was 100 per cent in the MO group and 85 per cent in the NSS group. CONCLUSION: Spinal morphine improved post-operative pain relief after lumbar laminectomy.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Chi-Square Distribution , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Injections, Spinal , Laminectomy/adverse effects , Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery , Middle Aged , Morphine/administration & dosage , Pain Measurement , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Probability , Prospective Studies , Reference Values , Severity of Illness Index , Spinal Diseases/diagnosis , Spinal Fusion/adverse effects , Statistics, Nonparametric , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Fifty-four patients of lumber canal stenosis as proved clinically and radiologically treated by lumber laminectomy were randomly allocated to one of three groups, 18 cases each. The first group received epidural fentanyl infusion, the second group received intravenous morphine and the third group received oral rofecoxib in the early 48 hours postoperatively. Study of the analgesic effect for control post-laminectomy pain was done, which revealed a big difference in the analgesic effect of three used methods during the first 16 hours. The superior method was epidural fentanyl analgesia, and a satisfactory level of analgesia was obtained with the three methods by the end of first 16 hours and became stationary till the end of the 48 hours
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Morphine , Laminectomy/adverse effects , Analgesics , Pain, Postoperative , Drug Combinations , Spinal Stenosis/surgery , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalABSTRACT
A acupuntura tem-se mostrado eficaz no tratamento das lombalgias, na prática clinica. O presente estudo tem a finalidade de avaliar o efeito da acupuntura na patologia lombar, submetendo-se os resultados a uma avaliaçao estatística. Material - Foram estudados 82 pacientes com lombalgia com irradiaçao para os membros inferiores, dos quais 21,9 por cento eram portadores de hérnia do disco intervertebral lombar isolada; 28,0 por cento, de hérnia do disco intervertebral lombar associada com osteoartrose da coluna lombar; 29,3 por cento, de sindrome facetária; l1,0 por cento, de espondilólise e espondilolistese, e 9,8 por cento, de lombalgia com irradiaçao para os membros inferiores pós-laminectomia lombar. Método - Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a 30 aplicaçoes de acupuntura, obedecendo-se os critérios neurofisiológicos de açao da acupuntura, na eleiçao dos pontos deacupuntura para o tratamento. Resultados - A análise estatística nao paramétrica dos resultados obtidos no tratamento de parâmetros subjetivos (intensidade da dor relatada; dificuldade relatada de andar, de correr, de subir e descer escadas, de permanecer sentado, em pé ou deitado; manobra de Valsalva, como também dos parâmetros objetivos (postura antálgica, marcha claudicante, testes de elevaçao da perna retificada, de Schober, de Moll, de extensao da regiao lombar) evidenciou uma melhora significante em todos os parâmetros estudados, Os parâmetros mais refratários ao tratamento foram a limitaçao da inclinaçao lateral da regiao lombar e dificuldade relatada de correr. Conclusoes - Os resultados do tratamento, utilizando-se os pontos de acupuntura descritos, mostraram, sob a análise estatística, uma melhora significante em todos os parâmetros estudados, nos quatro grupos. A acupuntura, de acordo com os resultados obtidos, tem melhor efeito nas doenças com menores lesoes orgânicas do que com maiores lesoes anatômicas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Osteoarthritis/therapy , Spondylolisthesis/therapy , Acupuncture Therapy , Back Pain/therapy , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/therapy , Spondylolysis/therapy , Lumbar Vertebrae , Acupuncture Points , Laminectomy/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Se hace una revisión de resultados obtenidos con el tratamiento quirúrgico de la estenosis lumbar en 44 pacientes, de los cuales 25 fueron masculinos (57 por ciento) y 19 del sexo femenino (43 por ciento); el rango etario fluctuó entre 37 y 84 años, con una media de 60.7 y una D.E. de 14.7. El diagnóstico se hizo mediante la revisión del expediente clínico, resultado de la ENMG (56 por ciento) complementado con mielografía, TAC y RMN; la técnica quirúrgica empleada con mayor frecuencia fue la laminectomía total con foraminectomía y facectomía parcial en un 81 por ciento. Los resultados se valoraron con los criterios de Getty, siendo estos entre excelentes y buenos en un 85 por ciento; la complicación más frecuente observada fue el desgarro de la duramadre en seis pacientes (13.6 por ciento)
Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Spinal Stenosis/surgery , Spinal Stenosis/diagnosis , Tomography , Laminectomy/adverse effects , Laminectomy , Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio en 50 pacientes a quienes se operó de la columna lumbar en los servicios de ortopedia y neurocirugía del Hospital Central Militar en los últimos tres años para determinar la frecuencia con que se presenta la inestabilidad lumbar segmentaria posoperatoria y las causas principales que la condicionan. Se efectuó una valoración clínica a partir del cuarto mes posterior a la operación con un seguimiento hasta de 38 meses complementándose su estudio con radiografías dinámicas del segmento lumbar y, en algunos casos, con tomografía axial computada. El método para evaluar las radiografías dinámicas fue el de Ponser para determinar el porcentaje de desplazamiento horizontal vetebral correlacionándolo con los síntomas de los pacientes. En 10 pacientes se identificó deslizamiento vertebral posoperatorio (20 por ciento) sugestivo de inestabilidad, en cinco de ellos existián listesis previa, tres con datos de canal estrecho degenerativo y dos con hernia discal. Siete de estos pacientes tenían síntomas variados, sobresaliendo la lumbalgia de moderada a intensa, la limitación de los arcos de movilidad y fenómenos disestésicos pasajeros en las extremidades inferiores. Los estudios tomográficos revelaron resección extensa de las láminas vertebrales en los pacientes que mostraron esplazamiento posoperatorio y en tres de ellos, además, reseccionaes amplias de las facetas articulares. Las resecciones extensas de láminas vertebrales, facetas articulares y el daño a los elementos estabilizadores como cápsulas, anillos fibrosos, ligamentos y núcleos pulposos de los discos intervertebrales son factores condicionantes en mayor o menor grado para el establecimiento de inestabilidad lumbar posoperatoria. La esponhdilolistesis degenerativa es determinante para el desarrollo de inestabilidad si no se efectúa concomitantemente una artrodesis del segmento al realizar el procedimiento quirúrgico descompresivo
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/physiopathology , Spinal Stenosis/surgery , Spinal Stenosis/physiopathology , Laminectomy/adverse effects , Joint Instability/diagnosis , Joint Instability/physiopathology , Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery , Lumbar Vertebrae/physiopathologyABSTRACT
La implicación más importante de los resultados de este estudio es la diferenciación preoperatoria que existe ante el paciente que tiene herniación de un disco intervertebral y aquel que predominantemente tiene fibrosis, de operaciones previas. Fueron evaluados 64 de 257 pacientes que habían tenido múltiples operaciones en la columna con un diagnóstico inicial de enfermedad del disco lumbar, para alivio del dolor. Todos los pacientes incluidos en este estudio habían tenido al menos dos y tres operaciones, incluyendo la última practicada por uno de los autores; todos aducían estar totalmente incapacitados por el dolor y tenían radiografías anormales. Por medio de estudios preoperatorios apropiados, uno debe ser capaz de identificar a los pacientes con estenosis vertebral, inestabilidad lumbar o sacrolumbar, y pseudoartrosis, todos los cuales tienen lesiones que son enmendables para ser reparadas satisfactoriamente. El resultaqdo de la cirugía para herniación de disco intervertebral lumbar puede ser excelente si los pacientes son bien seleccionados. Se debe recordar que los problemas reales de los pacientes pueden ser socioeconómicos. Una propuesta para reducir costos e incapacidades es prevenir las lesiones.