Evaluation of some biochemical changes in diabetic patients

The present study consisted of 50 subjects were classified into three groups; Group [GI] Control group consisted of 10 clinically healthy adult subjects of both sexes free from any liver, kidney or cardiovascular diseases. Group [GII] diabetes mellitus type 1 consisted of 20 patients of both sexes. Group [GIII] diabetes mellitus type 1 with nephropathy consisted of 20 patients of both sexes. All subjects were undergo to the following investigated parameters; Ascorbic acid [vitamin C], Catalase, Total antioxidant capacity, Aldolase and Pyruvate kinase enzyme. vitamins C, catalase, total antioxidant capacity enzymes were highly significant decreased [P < 0. 01] in diabetes mellitus type 1 [GII] and diabetes mellitus type 1 with nephropathy [GIII] when compared to the control group. Adolase activity was highly significant increased [P < 0. 01] in diabetes mellitus type 1 with nephropathy [GIII] when compared to the control group. Pyruvate Kinase activity was highly significant increased [P < 0. 01] in diabetes mellitus type 1 [GII] when compared to the control group. The antioxidant and enzymes can be used for follow up in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus type 1 and predict other complications

Urinary thromboxane B2: a new predicting marker for acute myocardial infarction in subjects with risk factors

The authors evaluated the possible significant role of urinary TXB2 as a new predicting marker of Acute Myocardial Infarction [AMI] in high-risk subjects. Eighty persons were submitted to this study and divided into three groups, the control group [n = 20], the high risk group [n = 30] and the AMI group [n =30]. all persons subjected to clinical and laboratory evaluation: Cardiac enzymes, Myoglobin, Lipid profiles, Pyruvate Kinase and urinary TXB2 level. A high significant elevation of Cardiac enzymes, Myoglobin and Pyruvate Kinase was observed in AMI group only. Urinary TXB2 in risk group was highly significant elevated while in AMI group was non significant increased compared to control group the Urinary TXB2 could be used as a good predicting marker for probability of AMI in patients who had one or more of the AMI risk factors

Usefulness of Plasma Tumor M2-Pyruvate Kinase in the Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Cancer / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Pyruvate kinase (PK) is a key enzyme of glycolysis. Different isoforms of this enzyme are tissue-specifically expressed (M2-PK, M1-PK, R-PK, L-PK). The concentration of the dimeric M2-PK is increased in a metabolic state of tumor cells. In this case, the dimeric M2-PK is termed Tumor M2-PK. We investigated EDTA-plasma of 73 patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer and 61 healthy controls to evaluate its significance in diagnosing GI cancer. METHODS: Plasma Tumor M2-PK was measured using an ELISA assay based on two monoclonal antibodies which specifically react with the dimeric Tumor M2-PK. RESULTS: The sensitivity of Tumor M2-PK was 67.1% for all GI cancers, that of CA 19-9 was 38.4% and that of CEA was 34.3%. The specificity of Tumor M2-PK was 91.8% (cutoff=20 U/mL). Tumor M2-PK showed a high sensitivity in gastric cancer (62.2%), colorectal cancer (66.7%) and bile duct cancer (75.0%). In colorectal cancer, the combination of Tumor M2-PK with CEA resulted in a remarkable increase in the sensitivity (86.2%). The average Tumor M2-PK levels were generally elevated in the metastatic GI cancer patients compared to nonmetastatic patients, especially in stomach cancer with statistical significance (p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Tumor M2-PK in EDTA-plasma seems to be a new valuable tumor marker in GI cancer.

Red cell enzymopathies in leukemias.

Red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and pyruvate kinase (PK) levels were estimated in patients with leukemias, to see if there was a consistent enzyme defect and correlation of enzyme levels with stage of the disease with prognostic assessment. G6PD levels were found to be significantly increased or decreased in majority of the patients with acute leukemias. Increased activity was seen in majority of the patients with L1 and decreased activity in L2 subtype of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) G6PD activity was consistently increased, with levels being highly elevated in chronic phase and moderately in blast phase. Variation in G6PD activity was found to be related to the stage of disease and was of prognostic significance. PK was found to be normal or decreased. Fetal haemoglobin levels were also estimated in 30 patients with leukemias and were found to be elevated in most patients. Red cell G6PD may be useful for staging of the disease, as prognostic indicator and predictor of relapse.

Red cell enzymopathies as a model of inborn errors of metabolism.

The molecular abnormalities of erythroenzymopathies associated with hereditary hemolytic anemia have been determined using molecular techniques. Pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is the most common and well-characterized enzyme deficiency involving the glycolytic pathway and causing hereditary hemolytic anemia. We have identified six distinct missense mutations and a form of splicing mutation in 11 unrelated families with homozygous PK deficiency. Mutations located near the substrate binding site may change the conformation of the active site, resulting in a drastic loss of activity and severe clinical symptoms. Up to now, including these genetic defects, 21 missense, 1 nonsense and 2 splicing mutations, 2 insertions, and 3 deletions have been determined. G6PD deficiency is the most common metabolic disorder, and is associated with chronic and drug- or infection-induced hemolytic anemia. To date, sixty different mutations have now been identified. Except for three kinds of variants with small gene deletions or three nucleotide substitutions, all of those were found to be produced by one or two nucleotide substitutions. Molecular studies disclosed that all the class 1 variants associated with chronic hemolysis have the mutations surrounding either the substrate or the NADP binding site. Among rare enzymopathies, missense mutations have been determined in glucosephosphate isomerase deficiency, aldolase deficiency, triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) deficiency, phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency, and adenylate kinase deficiency. Compound heterozygous cases with missense mutation/nonsense mutation and missense mutation/decreased mRNA have been reported in TPI deficiency and diphosphoglyceromutase deficiency, respectively. In phosphofructokinase (PFK) deficiency, three kinds of 5'-splice junction mutations resulting in abnormally spliced PFK-M mRNA were identified. An exception is a hemolytic anemia due to increased adenosine deaminase activity. The basic abnormality appears to result from overproduction of structurally normal enzyme.

Detection of carriers of Duchene muscular dystrophy gene using logistic discriminating analysis: creatine-kinase and pyruvate-kinase

Foram determinadas as atividades da creatino-cinase (CK) e da piruvato-cinase (PK) em 160 amostras de soro: 87 de mulheres normais e 73 de 30 portadoras certas do gene para a distrofia muscular Duchenne (DMD), da faixa etária de 19-54 anos. Todas as determinaçöes de CK e PK foram realizadas em alíquotas da mesma amostra de soro. Foi usada análise discriminante logística para determinar a eficácia de cada enzima isoladamente ou das duas em combinacäo na identificaçäo de portadoras do gene da DMD. A uma amostra de soro, com um certo nível de CK ou de PK, isoladamente ou em combinaçäo, é atribuída uma probabilidade de que, se tomada oa caso de um "pool" de soros de mulheres normais e portadoras, provenha de uma portadora. A CK e a PK, cada uma isoladamente, mostraram eficiências de detecçäo de 73 e 37% respectivamente. Quando as duas enzimas foram usadas em combinaçäo a eficácia foi também de 73%, mostrando, assim, que o uso combinado da CK com a PK näo melhora a detecçäo quando comparado com o uso da CK isoladamente. Quando os dois testes aplicados a 28 mäes de casos isolados, 13 foram detectadas pela CK isoladamente e foram as mesmas 13 mulheres detectadas pela combinaçäo da CK com a PK. A PK isoladamente detectou 4 mäes de casos isolados, das quais duas apenas foram detectadas pelo uso combinado da CK com a PK

Serum creatine-kinase and pyruvate-kinase levels in females of different racial background at risk for Duchenne muscular dystrophy

As atividades séricas das enzimas creatino-cinase (CK) e piruvato-cinase (PK) foram determinadas em 146 mulheres beterozigotas certas quanto ao gene da distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) e 187 mäes de casos isolados, pertencentes a dois grupos raciais: caucasóide e negroide. A atividade da CK foi medida em 206 mulheres caucasoides e 127 mulheres negroides e a da PK em 148 caucasoides e 92 negroides. Os resultados desta pesquisa mostraram um aumento da média de atividade enzimática no grupo de mulheres heterozigotes e mäes de casos isolados negroides em comparaçäo ao grupo de mulheres caucasoides. Entretanto, as diferenças foram estatísticamente significantes apenas para a CK sérica. Sugere-se portanto, que os resultados da atividade sérica da CK de mulheres em risco de serem portadoras do gene da DMD sejam comparados com os de mulheres normais de mesmo grupo racial

Enzymatic (PK, CK) levels and genetic counseling in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Vinte e nove pacientes afetados por diferentes formas de distrofia muscular foram localizados e estudados clinicamente. Os 21 com o tipo Duchenne, tiveram, além disso, seus níveis de piruvato quinase (PK) e creatino quinase (CK) determinados. Sessenta e oito mulheres aparentadas a eles e controles normais foram investigados da mesma maneira. Entre os pacientes os níveis enzimáticos séricos mostraram um aumento da ordem de 15x(PK) e 112x(CK); e seis das oito heterozigotas obrigatórias foram discriminadas usando ambas as enzimas (enquanto a sua utilizaçäo isolada detectou cinco dentre elas). Coeficientes de correlaçäo entre os níveis de PK e CK foram geralmente altos (r:0,79-0,84) para pacientes e portadoras obrigatórias, declinado à medida que a probabilidade de ter o gene anormal também decrescia. O uso concomitante de ambas as enzimas combinado com o máximo de informaçäo disponível para cada genealogia possibilitou estimativas de riscos de heterozigose altos (acima de 80%) e abaixo de 20%) para 80% das mulheres aparentadas a pacientes que solicitaram aconselhamento genético