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1.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 52(1): 105-112, Jan.-Mar. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-789070

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Cleaning validation, a requirement of the current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) for Drugs, consists of documented evidence that cleaning procedures are capable of removing residues to predetermined acceptance levels. This report describes a strategy for the selection of the worst case product for the production of lyophilized reagents (LRs) for labeling with 99mTc from the Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/São Paulo). The strategy is based on the calculation of a "worst case index" that incorporates information about drug solubility, cleaning difficulty, and occupancy rate in the production line. It allowed a reduction in the required number of validations considering the possible manufacturing flow of a given product and the subsequent flow, thus facilitating the process by reducing operation time and cost. The products identified as "worst case" were LRs PUL-TEC and MIBI-TEC.


RESUMO A validação de limpeza é uma exigência dos atuais regulamentos de Boas Práticas de Fabricação de Medicamentos (BPF) e consiste na evidência documentada, que demonstra que os procedimentos de limpeza removem os resíduos em níveis de aceitação pré-determinados. Este estudo apresenta uma estratégia para escolha do produto "pior caso" da linha de produção de reagentes liofilizados para marcação com 99mTc do Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/São Paulo). A estratégia baseia-se no cálculo de um índice denominado "índice para pior caso," que utiliza informações de solubilidade dos fármacos, dificuldade de limpeza dos equipamentos e ocupação dos produtos na linha de produção. A estratégia adotada proporcionou a diminuição no número de validações necessárias, considerando-se as possibilidades de sequências de fabricação de um determinado produto e do produto subsequente, possibilitando a simplificação do processo e redução no tempo e nos custos das atividades envolvidas. Os produtos indicados como pior caso foram os reagentes liofilizados (RL) PUL-TEC e MIBI-TEC.


Subject(s)
Radiopharmaceuticals/analysis , Validation Studies as Topic , Freeze Drying , Household Work/methods
2.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 48(10): 902-907, Oct. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-761597

ABSTRACT

Knowledge of the radiochemical purity of radiopharmaceuticals is mandatory and can be evaluated by several methods and techniques. Planar chromatography is the technique normally employed in nuclear medicine since it is simple, rapid and usually of low cost. There is no standard system for the chromatographic technique, but price, separation efficiency and short time for execution must be considered. We have studied an alternative system using common chromatographic stationary phase and alcohol or alcohol:chloroform mixtures as the mobile phase, using the lipophilic radiopharmaceutical [99mTc(MIBI)6]+ as a model. Whatman 1 modified phase paper and absolute ethanol, Whatman 1 paper and methanol:chloroform (25:75), Whatman 3MM paper and ethanol:chloroform (25:75), and the more expensive ITLC-SG and 1-propanol:chloroform (10:90) were suitable systems for the direct determination of radiochemical purity of [99mTc(MIBI)6]+ since impurities such as99mTc-reduced-hydrolyzed (RH),99mTcO4- and [99mTc(cysteine)2]-complex were completely separated from the radiopharmaceutical, which moved toward the front of chromatographic systems while impurities were retained at the origin. The time required for analysis was 4 to 15 min, which is appropriate for nuclear medicine routines.


Subject(s)
Chromatography, Paper/methods , Chromatography, Thin Layer/methods , Radiopharmaceuticals/analysis , /analysis , Alcohols , Chloroform , Chromatography, Paper/economics , Chromatography, Thin Layer/economics , Chromatography/economics , Chromatography/methods , Quality Control , Radiopharmaceuticals/classification
3.
Acta cir. bras ; 29(3): 145-150, 03/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-703522

ABSTRACT

To evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of A. muricata on biodistribution of two radiopharmaceuticals: sodium phytate and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), both labeled with 99mtechnetium. METHODS: Twenty four Wistar rats were divided into two treated groups and two controls groups. The controls received water and the treated received 25mg/kg/day of A. muricata by gavage for ten days. One hour after the last dose, the first treated group received 99mTc-DMSA and the second sodium 99mTc-phytate (0.66MBq each group), both via orbital plexus. Controls followed the same protocol. Forty min later, all groups were sacrificed and the blood, kidney and bladder were isolated from the first treated group and the blood, spleen and liver isolated from the second treated group. The percentage of radioactivity per gram of tissue (%ATI/g) was calculated using a gamma counter. RESULTS: The statistical analysis showed that there was a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) in the uptake of %ATI/g in bladder (0.11±0.01and1.60±0.08), kidney (3.52±0.51and11.84±1.57) and blood (0.15±0.01and 0.54±0.05) between the treated group and control group, respectively. CONCLUSION: The A. muricata hydroalcoholic extract negatively influenced the uptake of 99mTc-DMSA in bladder, kidney and blood of rats.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Annona , Radiopharmaceuticals/analysis , Hydroalcoholic Solution , Rats/classification
4.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 48(1): 1-16, Jan.-Mar. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-622884

ABSTRACT

Micelles composed of amphiphilic copolymers linked to a radioactive element are used in nuclear medicine predominantly as a diagnostic application. A relevant advantage of polymeric micelles in aqueous solution is their resulting particle size, which can vary from 10 to 100 nm in diameter. In this review, polymeric micelles labeled with radioisotopes including technetium (99mTc) and indium (111In), and their clinical applications for several diagnostic techniques, such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), gamma-scintigraphy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), were discussed. Also, micelle use primarily for the diagnosis of lymphatic ducts and sentinel lymph nodes received special attention. Notably, the employment of these diagnostic techniques can be considered a significant tool for functionally exploring body systems as well as investigating molecular pathways involved in the disease process. The use of molecular modeling methodologies and computer-aided drug design strategies can also yield valuable information for the rational design and development of novel radiopharmaceuticals.


Micelas poliméricas compostas de copolímeros ligadas a um elemento radioativo são utilizadas em Medicina Nuclear com aplicação predominantemente diagnóstica. A vantagem relevante da utilização de micelas poliméricas em solução aquosa é o tamanho de suas partículas, as quais podem variar de 10 a 100 nm de diâmetro. Neste trabalho de revisão são apresentadas micelas poliméricas marcadas com radioisotopos, como tecnécio-99m (99mTc) e índio-111 (111In), assim como suas aplicações clínicas em técnicas de diagnóstico como Tomografia por emissão de Fóton Único (Single photon Emission Computed Tomography - SPECT), cintilografia, e Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN). Neste contexto, sua aplicação em diagnóstico de sistema linfático e linfonodo sentinela recebe atenção especial. O emprego de técnicas de diagnóstico pode ser considerado uma ferramenta importante para a exploração de sistemas no organismo humano assim como para a investigação de caminhos moleculares envolvidos nos processos de diversas doenças. O uso de metodologias de modelagem molecular e estratégias de desenvolvimento de fármacos assistidas computacionalmente também pode fornecer informações valiosas para o planejamento e o desenvolvimento racional de novos radiofármacos.


Subject(s)
Radiopharmaceuticals/analysis , Micelles , Radioisotopes/analysis , Diagnostic Imaging/classification , Diagnostic Techniques, Radioisotope/classification
5.
Rev. venez. oncol ; 18(2): 68-77, abr.-jun. 2006. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-462511

ABSTRACT

Investigar la presencia de metástasis de los ganglios centinela y como alternativa a los métodos tradicionales (Radiofármaco Tc 99 y colorante). En 128 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama se evaluaron la presencia de ganglios linfáticos axilares. Se utilizó una biopsia ecoguiada de los ganglios de la axila, cuando son vistos al ultrasonido, una disección axilar mínima ganglionar. Se compararon los resultados con la disección axilar estándar. El diagnóstico histológico del tumor primario se realizó por biopsia ecoguiada o por estereotaxia. La biopsia ecoguiada de la axila identificó 22 por ciento de metástasis en ganglios centinelas. La disección axilar mínima ganglionar se practicó en el 55 por ciento de las 66 pacientes operadas, fue capaz de identificar ganglios centinelas con metástasis en el 37 por ciento. El ultrasonido es capaz de identificar un 36 por ciento de lesiones subclínicas. La muestra se realizó fundamentalmente en tumores T1 y T2, y cuando la biopsia ecoguiada de la axila identifica metástasis axilares, identifica pacientes de riesgo elevado, independientemente del tamaño de su tumor, que pudieran beneficiarse de un tratamiento de inducción. El cirujano mastólogo debería utilizar el ultrasonido mamario para la evaluación integral de las pacientes. La biopsia ecoguiada de la axila y la disección axilar mínima ganglionar pudieran ser métodos para la determinación de ganglios centinela, en forma más accesible a hospitales públicos, evitando la morbilidad de la disección axilar completa en tumores pequeños con ganglios negativos


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Axilla , Biopsy , Neoplasm Metastasis/prevention & control , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Lymph Nodes/ultrastructure , Breast Neoplasms , Radiopharmaceuticals/analysis , Venezuela , Medical Oncology
6.
Radiol. bras ; 34(4): 233-239, jul.-ago. 2001. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-352950

ABSTRACT

Radiofármacos marcados com tecnécio-99m são os principais agentes para diagnósticos utilizados nas clínicas de medicina nuclear, em função de uma série de características físicas do radionuclídeo e pela praticidade dos radiofármacos serem preparados no local de uso, por meio de uma reação de complexação entre um agente complexante (fármaco) e o tecnécio-99m. Entretanto, durante esta reação podem ser geradas algumas impurezas que proporcionam a formação de produtos com baixa qualidade ou com características diferentes das desejadas. No presente trabalho serão apresentados alguns dos fatores que podem interferir na qualidade dos radiofármacos e os controles que podem ser utilizados para garantir sua qualidade


Technetium-99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals are currently the main diagnostic agents used in nuclear medicine. Radiopharmaceuticals are prepared locally through a reaction between a complexant agent (pharmaceutical) and technetium-99m. These reactions may generate impurities resulting into the production of radiopharmaceuticals with substandard quality or with different characteristics from those considered ideal. In this article we discuss some of the factors that may interfere with the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals and the quality control tests that can be used to ensure the quality of the agents.


Subject(s)
Radiopharmaceuticals/analysis , Indicators and Reagents/administration & dosage , Quality Control , Radiotherapy Dosage
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