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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 77(5): 296-302, set.-out. 2018. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-977859

ABSTRACT

Resumo A importância da leitura já foi amplamente demonstrada ao longo do tempo e vem sendo mais profundamente compreendida e elucidada através de estudos científicos. No caso de pessoas com baixa visão, a leitura pode ser a garantia de acesso à educação e consequentemente à cidadania. Por isso, permitir boa capacidade de leitura tornou-se objeto de estudo de diversos pesquisadores. O desafio de garantir uma boa leitura é ainda maior no caso de pessoas portadoras de baixa visão, e frequentemente auxílios ópticos e tecnológicos são necessários para que a leitura se torne possível e seja fluida. Diversas tabelas, como a MNRead, Radner, Bailey-Lovie, entre outras, têm sido utilizadas para avaliar a capacidade de leitura, o tamanho mínimo de letra suficiente para a leitura fluente, e a velocidade máxima de leitura em palavras ou caracteres por minuto. Essas tabelas foram desenvolvidas e calibradas de acordo com normas internacionais, tornando-se padronizadas e adequadas para a aquisição de dados que poderão ser utilizados em pesquisas científicas reprodutíveis em qualquer parte do mundo. As tabelas possuem versões em diversas línguas, e a única tabela padronizada e traduzida para o português brasileiro disponível atualmente é a MNRead-P. Discutimos aqui as diferentes tabelas, a importância de sua calibração, e sua utilização na prática. As medidas obtidas com as tabelas de leitura são de grande importância para o planejamento do tratamento e acompanhamento de indivíduos com baixa visão, pois as comparações são feitas a partir de um parâmetro individual, entre as medidas do próprio indivíduo, em diferentes momentos, indicando melhora ou piora da qualidade de leitura. A alfabetização de indivíduos com deficiência visual é parte do exercício pleno de sua cidadania. A educação é a lente por meio da qual a pessoa é vista e enxerga a sociedade. Educar os portadores de deficiência é por si só uma forma de inclusão. Por isso, auxiliar os portadores de baixa visão pode ser um diferencial no seu desenvolvimento, permitindo a adequada composição do núcleo de identidade do indivíduo.


Abstract The importance of reading hability has already been greatly shown throughout time and has been studied and understood through scientific research. In the case of people with low vision, reading can be the guarantee of access to education and, consequently, to citizenship. Therefore, allowing good reading ability has become the object of study of several researchers. The challenge of ensuring good reading is even greater for people with low vision, and often optical and technological aids are needed to make reading possible and fluid. Several tables, such as MNRead, Radner, Bailey-Lovie, among others, have been used to evaluate reading ability, minimum letter size for fluent reading, and maximum reading speed in words or characters per minute. These tables have been developed and calibrated according to international standards, becoming standardized and suitable for the acquisition of data that can be used in reproducible scientific research anywhere in the world. The tables have versions in several languages, and the only table standardized and translated into Brazilian Portuguese currently available is MNRead-P. We discuss here the different tables, the importance of their calibration, and their practical use. The measurements obtained with the reading tables are of great importance for planning the treatment and follow-up of individuals with low vision, since the comparisons are made from an individual parameter, between the individual's measurements, at different moments, indicating improvement or worse reading quality. The literacy of visually impaired individuals is part of the full exercise of their citizenship. Education is the lens through which the person is seen and sees society. Educating people with disabilities is in itself a form of inclusion. Therefore, assisting low vision sufferers may be a differential in their development, allowing adequate composition of the individual's identity core.


Subject(s)
Reading , Vision Disorders , Vision Tests/methods , Visually Impaired Persons , Education, Special , Vision Tests/instrumentation , Vision Tests/standards , Visual Acuity , Language , Learning
2.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 77(3): 133-136, May-June 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-959079

ABSTRACT

Abstract Purpose: To present the design and implementation of an amblyopia risk factors screening project, in a large based Portuguese population. Methods: Two referral centers have been enrolled to assess all children aged 2 under their direct referral area. The photoscreener used was PlusOptix ® A09. At this age, the cut-off defined for referral was: ≥1 Diopter (D) of anisometropia, ≥1.5D of astigmatism, ≥2D of myopia and ≥1.5D of hyperopia. The results were reported to a reading platform that allowed the ophthalmologist to see all exams, and provide timely appointment with a complete ophthalmologic assessment for those who needed. Results: A total of 2867 photo screens were made to the population eligible to both referral centers, which comprises a coverage rate of 55%. Out of 2611 children under one of the referral area, 53% (n=1395) adhered to the screening. Within these children, 17.5% (n=245) were referred and 15.3 % (n=214) appointments were performed. The comparison of refraction between PlusOptix ® and cycloplegic refraction showed a strong correlation regarding the sphere and cylinder values. From the 214 children observed in consultation, glasses were prescribed in 25.7% (n=55), corresponding to 3.9% of all screened children under one of the referral area. This screening method showed a positive predictive value of 58.4%. Conclusion: This screening program may be highly relevant to eradicate untreated amblyopia from our population. The results may lead to the implementation of this project to the whole country.


Resumo Objetivo: Apresentação da implementação de um projeto de rastreio de fatores de risco de ambliopia, numa população alargada portuguesa. Métodos: dois centros de referência foram selecionados para avaliar todas as crianças de 2 anos, na sua área de referenciação direta. Para o foto rastreio foi utilizado o PlusOptix ® A09. Nesta idade, os valores definidos para referenciação foram: ≥1 Dioptria (D) de anosimetropia, ≥1.5 D de astigmatismo, ≥2 D de miopia e ≥1.5 D de hipermetropia. Os resultados foram reportados a uma plataforma de leitura que permitiu ao oftalmologista ver todos os exames e providenciar uma consulta oportuna com uma avaliação oftalmológica completa para aqueles que precisavam. Resultados: Foram realizados 2867 foto rastreios na população elegível para ambos os centros de referência, perfazendo uma taxa de cobertura de 55%. Das 2611 crianças sob uma área de referência, 53% (n = 1395) aderiram ao rastreio. Dentro desse grupo, 17,5% (n = 245) foram referenciadas e 15,3% (n = 214) consultas foram realizadas. Verificou-se uma forte correlação entre a refração do PlusOptix® e a refração cicloplégica. Das 214 crianças observadas em consulta, foram prescritos óculos em 25,7% (n = 55), correspondendo a 3,9% de todas as crianças sob uma área de referência. Este método de triagem mostrou um valor preditivo positivo de 58,4%. Conclusão: Este programa de rastreio pode ser altamente relevante para erradicar a ambliopia não tratada na nossa população. Os resultados podem levar à implementação deste projeto em todo o país.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Refractive Errors/diagnosis , Vision Tests/instrumentation , Vision Screening/instrumentation , Amblyopia/diagnosis , Portugal , Visual Acuity , Amblyopia/epidemiology , Predictive Value of Tests , Risk Factors
3.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 79(5): 323-327, Sept.-Oct. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-827969

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze the intrasession and intersession repeatability of contrast sensitivity (CS) measurements in patients with glaucoma, cataract, or age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and healthy controls. Methods: CS measurements were performed using the OPTEC-Functional Vision Analyzer (FVA), which uses a standardized and closed (view-in) system. Measurements for patients with glaucoma, cataract, or AMD and healthy controls were repeated within 30 minutes (intrasession) and during two sessions (intersession), separated by one week to one month. Test-retest reliability and correlation were measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of repeatability (COR). Results: Ninety subjects (90 eyes) with visual acuity of 0.17 logMAR or higher in the cataract group or 0.00 logMAR in the other groups were included. During the first session, the ICC values were 0.87, 0.90, 0.76, and 0.69, and COR values were 0.24, 0.20, 0.38, and 0.25 for the control, glaucoma, cataract, and AMD groups, respectively. The reliability scores significantly improved during the second session, except in the glaucoma group. There was an acceptable floor effect and no ceiling effect at higher frequencies in the glaucoma and AMD groups. Conclusion: In subjects with good visual acuity, the FVA system is useful for evaluating CS and demonstrates good repeatability, as shown by ICC and COR. Because there is no ceiling effect, this system is beneficial for evaluation of early changes in CS, particularly in patients with glaucoma or AMD.


RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a reprodutibilidade intrassessão e intersessão das medidas de sensibilidade ao contraste (CS) em pacientes com degeneração macular relacionada à idade (AMD), glaucoma e catarata. Método: As medidas de CS foram feitas pelo OPTEC-Funcional Visão Analyzer (FVA), que utiliza um sistema padronizado e fechado de avaliação da acuidade visual. Medidas em pacientes com AMD, glaucoma, catarata e nos controles saudáveis foram repetidas no prazo de 30 minutos (intrassessão) em duas visitas (intersessão), separadas por uma semana a um mês. A confiabilidade e correlação teste-reteste foram calculados por meio do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC) e coeficiente de reprodutibilidade (COR). Resultados: Noventa olhos de 90 indivíduos foram recrutados com acuidade visual de 0,17 logMAR ou melhor em catarata e 0,00 logMAR nos outros grupos. A confiabilidade da CS na primeira visita dos grupos normal, glaucoma, catarata e AMD foram, respectivamente, ICC 0,87; 0,90; 0,76; 0,69, e COR 0,24; 0,20; 0,38; 0,25. Os índices de confiabilidade foram significativamente melhorados nas segundas visitas, exceto no grupo glaucoma. Houve um efeito chão aceitável e nenhum efeito teto em frequências mais altas nos grupos glaucoma e AMD. Conclusões: Em indivíduos com boa acuidade visual, o sistema FVA de avaliação da CS é útil e apresenta boa confiabilidade, como mostrado pelas análises de ICC e COR. Por não apresentar efeito teto, este sistema parece ser benéfico para a avaliação das alterações precoces de CS, especialmente no glaucoma e AMD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Cataract/physiopathology , Contrast Sensitivity/physiology , Glaucoma/physiopathology , Macular Degeneration/physiopathology , Reference Values , Time Factors , Vision Tests/instrumentation , Vision Tests/methods , Cataract/diagnosis , Case-Control Studies , Glaucoma/diagnosis , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Age Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric , Macular Degeneration/diagnosis
4.
Clinics ; 71(2): 69-72, Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-774535

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of Spot Vision ScreeningTM as an autorefractor by comparing refraction measurements to subjective clinical refractometry results in children and adult patients. METHODS: One-hundred and thirty-four eyes of 134 patients were submitted to refractometry by Spot and clinical refractometry under cycloplegia. Patients, students, physicians, staff and children of staff from the Hospital das Clínicas (School of Medicine, University of São Paulo) aged 7-50 years without signs of ocular disease were examined. Only right-eye refraction data were analyzed. The findings were converted in magnitude vectors for analysis. RESULTS: The difference between Spot Vision ScreeningTM and subjective clinical refractometry expressed in spherical equivalents was +0.66±0.56 diopters (D), +0.16±0.27 D for the vector projected on the 90 axis and +0.02±0.15 D for the oblique vector. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the statistical significance of the difference between the two methods, we consider the difference non-relevant in a clinical setting, supporting the use of Spot Vision ScreeningTM as an ancillary method for estimating refraction.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Refraction, Ocular , Refractive Errors/diagnosis , Vision Tests/instrumentation , Vision Tests/methods
5.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 74(6): 362-365, nov.-dez. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-767078

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To know the effectiveness of Teller card test along with the functional vision evaluation in low vision preschool children presenting normal or delayed development. Methods: Transversal study comprising patients from the children visual stimulation Ambulatory Service of the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas Teaching Hospital, Campinas (SP)(FCM/HC/ Unicamp). The best corrected visual acuity was obtained using Teller cards and functional vision evaluation, independent from the child development. Results: From a total of 143 evaluated children, 65% did not respond to the Teller card test, only to, the functional vision evaluation. Among 143 children, 99 (70%) presented development delay and 44 (30%), normal development. Conclusion: The Teller card test was not enough to evaluate the children visual acuity with development delays, since more than half of them were not responsive to it, making it necessary that they were submitted to a complementary functional visual evaluation.


Objetivo: Conhecer a eficácia do teste com Cartões de Teller em complemento a avaliação da visão funcional em crianças préescolares com baixa visão e desenvolvimento normal ou atrasado. Métodos: Estudo transversal em pacientes do ambulatório de estimulação visual infantil do Hospital de Clínicas da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (HC/ FCM/Unicamp). A acuidade visual com a melhor correção óptica foi medida com Cartões de Teller e avaliação da visão funcional, independente do desenvolvimento da criança. Resultados: De um total de 143 crianças avaliadas 65% não responderam ao teste de Teller, porém, em complemento à avaliação da visão funcional pôde ser conhecida a acuidade visual das mesmas. Dentre as 143 crianças, 99 (70%) apresentaram atraso no desenvolvimento e 44 (30%) desenvolvimento normal. Conclusão: O Teste com Cartões de Teller para se conhecer a acuidade visual de crianças com atraso em seu desenvolvimento não se apresentou suficiente, pois mais da metade das crianças avaliadas não foi responsiva ao mesmo, necessitando de complementação de avaliação da visão funcional para a medida da acuidade visual.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Vision Tests/instrumentation , Vision Tests/methods , Visual Acuity/physiology , Vision, Low/diagnosis , Child Development , Developmental Disabilities , Cross-Sectional Studies
6.
Journal of Forensic Medicine ; (6): 20-27, 2015.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-983959

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the correlation between contrast vision (LV) and sweep visual evoked potential acuity (SVEP-A) among people with emmetropia, mild myopia, and moderate myopia.@*METHODS@#The CV and SVEP-A were tested individually in 96 eyes from healthy young volunteers, including 37 eyes of emmetropia, 27 eyes of mild myopia, and 32 eyes of moderate myopia. The statistic analysis was done by ANOVA analysis and rank sum test.@*RESULTS@#(1) With the decrease of contrast, CV and SVEP-A decreased in every group. (2) At 100% contrast, the difference of CV between emmetropia and mild myopia had statistical significance (P<0.05). At 100%, 25% and 10% contrast, the difference of CV between emmetropia and moderate myopia had statistical significance (P<0.05). (3) In the same group, the difference of 100% and 25% contrast had statistical significance (P < 0.05). So was between 100% and 10% contrast. (4) At 100% and 10% contrast, the difference of CV and SVEP-A had statistical significance (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The CV of myopia relates to many factors including ametropia and fundus lesions. The correction of ametropia is important to the values of CV and SVEP-A.


Subject(s)
Humans , Evoked Potentials, Visual/physiology , Eye , Fundus Oculi , Myopia/physiopathology , Neurologic Examination , Severity of Illness Index , Vision Tests/instrumentation , Visual Acuity/physiology
7.
Oman Journal of Ophthalmology. 2013; 6 (3): 170-174
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-139666

ABSTRACT

To evaluate the impact of low vision rehabilitation on functional vision of children with visual impairment. The LV Prasad-Functional Vision Questionnaire, designed specifically to measure functional performance of visually impaired children of developing countries, was used to assess the level of difficulty in performing various tasks pre and post visual rehabilitation in children with documented visual impairment. Chi-square test was used to assess the impact of rehabilitation intervention on functional vision performance; a P < 0.05 was considered significant. LogMAR visual acuity prior to the introduction of low vision devices [LVDs] was 0.90 +/- 0.05 for distance and for near it was 0.61 +/- 0.05. After the intervention, the acuities improved significantly for distance [0.2 +/- 0.27; P < 0.0001] and near [0.42 +/- 0.17; P = 0.001]. The most common reported difficulties were related to their academic activities like copying from the blackboard [80%], reading textbook at arm's length [77.2%], and writing along a straight line [77.2%]. Absolute raw score of disability pre-LVD was 15.05 which improved to 7.58 post-LVD. An improvement in functional vision post visual rehabilitation was especially found in those activities related to their studying lifestyle like copying from the blackboard [P < 0.0001], reading textbook at arm's length [P < 0.0001], and writing along a straight line [P = 0.003]. In our study group, there was a significant improvement in functional vision post visual rehabilitation, especially with those activities which are related to their academic output. It is important for these children to have an early visual rehabilitation to decrease the impairment associated with these decreased visual output and to enhance their learning abilities


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Disability Evaluation , Vision Disorders/diagnosis , Vision Tests/instrumentation , Surveys and Questionnaires , Severity of Illness Index , Chi-Square Distribution , Visual Acuity
8.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2012 Mar; 60(2): 101-104
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-138801

ABSTRACT

Background: Visual acuity is an essential estimate to assess ability of the visual system and is used as an indicator of ocular health status. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the consistency of acuity estimates from three different clinical visual acuity charts under two levels of ambient room illumination. Materials and Methods: This study involved thirty Malay university students aged between 19 and 23 years old (7 males, 23 females), with their spherical refractive error ranging between plano and –7.75D, astigmatism ranging from plano to –1.75D, anisometropia less than 1.00D and with no history of ocular injury or pathology. Right eye visual acuity (recorded in logMAR unit) was measured with Snellen letter chart (Snellen), wall mounted letter chart (WM) and projected letter chart (PC) under two ambient room illuminations, room light on and room light off. Results: Visual acuity estimates showed no statistically significant difference when measured with the room light on and with the room light off (F1,372 = 0.26, P = 0.61). Post-hoc analysis with Tukey showed that visual acuity estimates were significantly different between the Snellen and PC (P = 0.009) and between Snellen and WM (P = 0.002). Conclusions: Different levels of ambient room illumination had no significant effect on visual acuity estimates. However, the discrepancies in estimates of visual acuity noted in this study were purely due to the type of letter chart used.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Lighting , Malaysia , Male , Optometry/instrumentation , Refractive Errors/diagnosis , Vision Tests/instrumentation , Vision Tests/methods , Visual Acuity , Young Adult
9.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 74(2): 91-96, Mar.-Apr. 2011. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-593128

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Desenvolver um método e um dispositivo para quantificar a visão em candela (cd). Os estudos de medida da visão são importantes para todas as ciências visuais. MÉTODOS: É um estudo teórico e experimental. Foram descritos os detalhes do método psicofísico e da calibração do dispositivo. Foram realizados testes preliminares em voluntários. RESULTADOS: É um teste psicofísico simples e com resultado expresso em unidades do sistema internacional de medidas. Com a descrição técnica será possível reproduzir o experimento em outros centros de pesquisa. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados aferidos em intensidade luminosa (cd) são uma opção para estudo visual. Esses resultados possibilitarão extrapolar medidas para modelos matemáticos e para simular efeitos individuais com dados aberrométricos.


PURPOSE: To develop a method and a device for vision measurement in candela (cd). Vision measurement studies are important to all visual sciences. METHODS:It is a theoretical and experimental study. The details of psychophysical method and device calibration were described. Preliminary tests were performed on volunteers. RESULTS:It is a simple psychophysical test and results are expressed in International System of Units. With this technical description it will be possible to reproduce the experiment in others research centers. CONCLUSION: The results measured in luminous intensity (cd) are an option for visual studies. These results allow to extrapolate measurements for mathematical models and to simulate data for individual aberrometry effects.


Subject(s)
Humans , International System of Units/instrumentation , Vision Tests/methods , Algorithms , Equipment Design , Models, Theoretical , Pattern Recognition, Visual , Photic Stimulation , Psychophysics , Reproducibility of Results , Vision Tests/instrumentation , Visual Acuity/physiology , Visual Perception/physiology
10.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 73(3): 244-249, jun. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-555065

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Utilizar o retinômetro de Heine Lambda 100 para avaliar a relação da acuidade visual obtida no pré-operatório de cirurgia de catarata com a acuidade visual obtida 3 meses no pós-operatório com correção óptica, bem como, sua correlação com a classificação morfológica dominante da catarata e com a intensidade da opacificação quando do tipo nuclear. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo realizado no Hospital Oftalmológico Visão Laser, em Santos, envolvendo 121 olhos de 70 pacientes avaliados de abril a julho 2009, submetidos à cirurgia de catarata sob a técnica de facoemulsificação com implante de lente intraocular. No período pré-operatório, foi realizado o retinômetro de Heine sob midríase e seu resultado foi comparado à melhor acuidade visual pós-operatória do terceiro mês e correlacionado com a classificação morfológica da catarata, quando do tipo nuclear, sendo denominado satisfatório aquele resultado que não variou mais do que duas linhas na tabela de Snellen. Resultados: Os resultados satisfatórios em nosso estudo foram de 86,78 por cento, apresentando resultados de acuidade visual com retinômetro de Heine igual ao resultado da acuidade visual pós-operatória em 34,7 por cento. A opacidade predominantemente nuclear N1+ tem um porcentual de acerto maior do que N2+ e N3+ (50 por cento, 31,3 por cento e 26,7 por cento, respectivamente). Em relação ao total de olhos, observamos um teste extremamente significante (p<0,0001). Conclusão: O retinômetro de Heine hipoestimou ou manteve a acuidade visual pós-operatória corrigida após 3 meses dos pacientes submetidos à facectomia, na maioria dos casos. Ao correlacionar com a classificação morfológica da catarata, observamos que, quanto maior a opacidade do cristalino do tipo nuclear, maior a hipoestimação da acuidade visual.


Purpose: To assess the relationship between potential visual acuity obtained before cataract surgery using Heine Lambda 100 retinometer with best corrected visual acuity 3 months postoperatively, as well as its correlation with the morphological pattern of the dominant cataract and the intensity of nuclear opacification. Methods: Prospective study executed in the Ophthalmology Hospital Laser Vision in Santos of 121 eyes of 70 patients who underwent cataract surgery (phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation), from April to July, 2009. In the preoperative period, Heine retinometer test was performed under mydriasis and its results were compared to postoperative best corrected visual acuity three months after surgery and correlated with the morphological classification of cataracts, being considered a satisfactory result those who did not vary more than two lines in Snellen chart. Results: The satisfactory cases found in our study were 86.78 percent, with results of visual acuity with Heine retinometer equal to the postoperative visual acuity in 34.7 percent of the cases. Predominant nuclear opacity N1+ has a higher reliability than N2+ and N3+ (50 percent, 31.3 percent and 26.7 percent, respectively). Regarding all studied eyes, statistical significance was noted (p<0.0001). Conclusion: In most cases Heine retinometer underestimated or maintained best corrected visual acuity 3 months postoperatively in patients who underwent cataract surgery. With respect to the morphological classification of cataracts, the higher the opacity of the nuclear lens, the greater the visual acuity underestimation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cataract/physiopathology , Phacoemulsification , Vision Tests/instrumentation , Visual Acuity/physiology , Lens Implantation, Intraocular , Postoperative Period , Preoperative Period , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome
11.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 71(6): 805-808, nov.-dez. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-503443

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a relação da acuidade visual (AV) obtida pelo "potential acuity meter" (PAM) no pré-operatório de cirurgia de catarata com a acuidade visual obtida no pós-operatório, bem como, sua correlação com a classificação morfológica dominante da catarata. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo realizado no setor de Catarata do Centro de Estudos do Hospital Monumento envolvendo 63 olhos de 45 pacientes avaliados de julho a setembro de 2006, submetidos à cirurgia de catarata sob a técnica de facoemulsificação com implante de lente intra-ocular, sendo posteriormente excluído 1 olho. No período pré-operatório, foi realizado o PAM sob midríase e seu resultado foi comparado à melhor acuidade visual pós-operatória do terceiro mês e correlacionado com a classificação morfológica da catarata, sendo denominado satisfatório aquele resultado que não variou mais do que duas linhas na tabela de Snellen. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 45,3 anos com média da acuidade visual obtida pelo PAM de 0,64 logMAR. No terceiro mês pós-operatório, a média da melhor acuidade visual corrigida (MAVC) foi de 0,09 logMAR. O PAM hiperestimou o resultado da MAVC em 8 olhos (13 por cento), hipoestimou em 41 olhos (66 por cento) e nos 13 olhos restantes (21 por cento), as acuidades foram idênticas. Este apresentou uma fidelidade inversamente proporcional à intensidade de opacidade do cristalino no caso da catarata nuclear (1+ com 75,5 por cento e 4+ com 33,3 por cento), entretanto esta acurácia foi maior nos casos de subcapsular posterior (85,7 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: O PAM hipoestimou ou manteve da acuidade visual na maioria dos casos (87 por cento). Apresentou uma fidelidade inversamente proporcional à intensidade de opacidade do cristalino no caso da catarata nuclear, 1+ com 75,5 por cento e 4+ com 33,3 por cento; entretanto esta acurácia foi maior nos casos de subcapsular posterior (85,7 por cento).


PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between the preoperative visual acuity (VA) obtained by the potential acuity meter (PAM) and the postoperative VA in a patient submitted to cataract surgery, as well as its correlation with the dominant morphologic classification of the cataract. METHODS: This is a prospective study performed at the Hospital Monumento Study Center. Sixty-three eyes of 45 patients submitted to phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation were enrolled in this study and 1 eye had been excluded. Besides the complete examination in the preoperative period, PAM was used and its results were compared with the VA at the third postoperative month and correlated with the dominant morphologic cataract classification. The result was called satisfactory when the variation was equal to or less than two lines at the Snellen chart. We transformed the AV into logMAR for comparison with the literature. RESULTS: The mean age was 45.3 years with a mean VA of 0.64 logMAR by the PAM. At the third postoperative month, the mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.09 logMAR. The PAM overestimated the BCVA in 8 eyes (13 percent), underestimated it in 41 eyes (66 percent) and in 13 eyes (21 percent) the BCVA were the same. The satisfactory results regarding nuclear cataract were reduced in cases of higher density (1+/4 with 75.5 percent e 4+/4 with 33.3 percent) and increased in the posterior subcapsular cataracts (85.7 percent). CONCLUSION: PAM revealed an underestimation or maintenance of the BCVA in most cases (87 percent). Its fidelity was inversely proportional in the nuclear cataracts (1+/4 with 75.5 percent e 4+/4 with 33.3 percent) and higher in the posterior subcapsular cataracts.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Cataract Extraction , Cataract/pathology , Preoperative Care/methods , Visual Acuity/physiology , Cataract Extraction/methods , Cataract/classification , Phacoemulsification , Postoperative Period , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Vision Tests/instrumentation , Young Adult
12.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 71(1): 122-127, jan.-fev. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-480033

ABSTRACT

A medida da visão é a base para o estudo e a padronização das ciências visuais. A medida da acuidade visual tem grande importância tanto para a pesquisa como para a prática clínica. Esta revisão bibliográfica (1) revê os conceitos fundamentais para compreender o sentido visual e as unidades de medida; (2) apresenta os limites fundamentais ao desempenho visual e os princípios das medidas da aberração ocular; e (3) discute métodos para medir e classificar a visão com novas tecnologias.


Vision measurement is the basis for the study and standardization of visual sciences. Measurement of visual acuity has great value for research and for clinical practice. This paper (1) reviews the fundamental concepts to understand visual sense and the measuring units; (2) presents the fundamental limits to visual performance and the principles of aberration measurement of the eye; and (3) discusses methods for measuring and classifying vision with new technologies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Vision Tests/methods , Visual Acuity/physiology , Visual Fields/physiology , Models, Theoretical , Photic Stimulation , Psychophysics , Vision Tests/instrumentation
13.
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ; : 145-148, 2005.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-172727

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study aimed to quantify the shift of colorimetric values in the Ishihara pseudoisochromatic test with aging of the plates. METHODS: Three sets of Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates with different published dates (printed in 1971, 1983 and 2001) were tested. Positions matching 32 dots with 13 colors were chosen from each set and the colorimetric values with the CIELAB and HSB/HLS color systems were measured with a spectrophotometer. Lightness (L*), red-green (a*), blue-yellow (b*), chroma, red hue, yellow hue, and green hue values from each set were compared. RESULTS: L* and chroma values were significantly higher in the older versions. The a* values shifted to red (increased a*) and the b* values shifted to yellow (increased b*) with plate aging. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that the pseudoisochromatic plates had significant changes in color values and a directional shift with aging.


Subject(s)
Humans , Color , Color Perception , Color Vision Defects/diagnosis , Colorimetry , Spectrophotometry , Time Factors , Vision Tests/instrumentation
15.
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology ; : 154-160, 2004.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-94532

ABSTRACT

Existing methods of stereoacuity testing need specific glasses or optical device for use. We have designed a new stereoacuity test for the digitalized, random-dot stereogram and researched its clinical usefulness. A digitalized, random-dot, stereoacuity test card was created with a computer program that used a preferred symbol and the designed system was tested along with the Randot preschool stereoacuity, Titmus-fly and Lang tests to compare their sensitivity and specificity. The mean success rate of the digitalized, random-dot test was 98.2%, while the rates of the Randot preschool stereoacuity, Titmus-fly and Lang tests were 89.3%, 74.2% and 86.1%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of the new test were 100% and 95.3%, respectively, which were not that different from those of the Randot preschool stereoacuity, Titmus-fly and Lang tests. We found that the digitalized, random-dot, stereoacuity test has a high success rate and can be appropriately used in medical examinations and follow-up tests for strabismus patients.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Age Distribution , Comparative Study , Computer Graphics , Depth Perception/physiology , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Software , Vision Disorders/diagnosis , Vision Tests/instrumentation , Vision, Binocular
16.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2003 Dec; 51(4): 341-5
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-72453

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare and evaluate Teller Acuity Cards (TAC) and Cardiff Acuity Cards (CAC) to assess vision in children below the age of two. METHODS: The study evaluated TAC and CAC to assess visual acuity in 90 normal children divided into three age groups, 0-6 months (group I), 6-12 months (group II) and 12-24 months (group III). 30 cases of unilateral amblyopiogenic conditions, 10 cases each of unilateral refractive error, unilateral esotropia, and unilateral cataract, were also examined. Trained optometrists carried out binocular testing followed by monocular testing, and recorded the test time in each case. RESULTS: The mean visual acuity (in Snellen units) and standard deviation (in octaves) in the three age groups of normal children, I, II, III respectively were 6/44 +/- 0.54, 6/21 +/- 0.37 and 6/21 +/- 0.41 (binocularly by TAC) and 6/46 +/- 0.80, 6/21 +/- 0.59 and 6/14.5 +/- 0.84 (binocularly by CAC). Although the time taken for testing with CAC was less, its coefficient of variance was greater for all age groups as compared to TAC. Diminution of visual acuity could be assessed correctly by both the tests in cases of strabismus and cataract, but not in some cases of refractive error. CONCLUSION: CAC is a useful and child-friendly test. It can be used clinically but may miss some cases of visually significant refractive errors. TAC is a more dependable test to assess amblyopiogenic conditions despite the use of gratings.


Subject(s)
Amblyopia/physiopathology , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Vision Tests/instrumentation , Vision, Binocular/physiology , Visual Acuity/physiology
17.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 62(1): 68-74, jan.-fev. 1999. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-251229

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Comparar a medida da acuidade visual com o E de Snellen e com o teste de Sheridan-Gardner. Métodos: Três experimentos foram realizados. No primeiro, comparou-se os valores angulares e o tempo de medida da acuidade visual de 200 crianças com o E de Snellen e com o teste de Sheridan. No segundo, determinou-se funçöes psicométricas de 5 indivíduos obtidas com os dois testes em diferentes níveis de borramento óptico. No terceiro, observou-se o efeito da filtragem passa-baixa na percepçäo de 16 sujeitos das letras E, H, T, V e O. Resultados: O tempo de medida bem como os valores de ângulo visual säo menores com o teste de Sheridan-Gardner. O efeito do borramento óptico na acuidade visual é maior com o E de Snellen. A filtragem passa-baixa afeta mais o E do que os optotipos H, T, V e O. Conclusöes: Mesmo quando subtendem ângulos visuais idênticos, os optotipos E e H, T, V, O näo podem ser consideredos como equivalentes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Vision Tests , Vision Tests/instrumentation , Visual Acuity
18.
Rev. chil. tecnol. méd ; 17: 783-785, ene. 1996-dic. 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-437970

ABSTRACT

Se estudiaron 60 niños de las unidades de neonatología del Hospital José Joaquín Aguirre, maternidad del Hospital Salvador y Hospital Roberto del Río de Santiago, Chile. Usando tarjetas de agudeza visual de Teller se comparó la agudeza visual de 40 niños nacidos de término (NT), 20 prematuros sin retinopatía del prematuro (ROP) y 10 prematuros que presentaban ROP. A los 0-3 meses de edad, la agudeza visual de los 40 niños NT fue de 1.30-2,40 ciclos /cm. De los 10 prematuros con ROP, cinco tuvieron una agudeza visual de 0,32 ciclos /cm y los otros cinco de 0,64. A los 9-12 meses de edad, la agudeza visual de los NT fue de 4,8-9,8 ciclos /cm. De los 20 prematuros sin ROP, 15 tuvieron 4,8 ciclos /cm, cuatro 2,4 ciclos /cm y el restante 1,3. Los 10 prematuros con ROP presentaron 1,3-2,4 ciclos /cm.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Visual Acuity/physiology , Vision Tests/instrumentation , Retinopathy of Prematurity/diagnosis , Vision Screening/methods
19.
Salud ment ; 20(3): 9-14, jul.-sept. 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-227396

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo presenta el análisis de los principales aspectos cualitativos de la ejecución de 750 en la Figura Compleja de Rey para niños, con un rango de edad de 4 a 8 años, a partir de un registro sistematizado de los posbiles errores que comete la población abierta a lo largo del desarrollo, al copiar o al evocar la figura. Se calculó por grupo de edad, la frecuencia de los distintos tipos de errores en cada una de las 9 unidades. Los resultados se presentan convertidos a percentiles para su manejo psicométrico, y así quedan establecidos los parámetros cualitativos que determinan la calidad de la ejecución de un individuo en relación con la población, a la que pertenece, para poder conocer en qué aspecto particular se desvía su ejecución de la norma


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychometrics , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Vision Tests/instrumentation , Vision Tests/psychology , Neuropsychological Tests , Psychological Tests
20.
Acta pediátr. Méx ; 12(6): 336-49, nov.-dic. 1991. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-117932

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio transversal el 306 jóvenes con edades de 5 a 28 años, 62 deportistas y 244 no deportistas, sobre su capacidad funcional a finalidad de contrastar el factor psicopedagógico. Se observó que el estado de nutrición, edad cronológica, sexo y tiempo de ver televisión, son similares en ambos grupos, cuya diferencia fue en el desempeño físico y en el factor piscpopedagógico, el cual está conformado por el tiempo de aprendizaje, memoria a corto plazo, decodificación auditiva y concentración mental en favor de los que realizan actividad física formal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Psychomotor Performance/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Hearing Tests/instrumentation , Learning/physiology , Memory, Short-Term/physiology , Nutritional Status/physiology , Auditory Perception/physiology , Visual Perception/physiology , Vision Tests/instrumentation
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