Additifs alimentaires: inventaire des substances ajoutées aux denrées alimentaires de large consommation dans l'Ouest algérien / Food additives : inventory of substances added to consumer foods in Western Algeria

Introduction- Les additifs alimentaires sont utilisés pour prolonger la durée de conservation des denrées préparées ou édulcorer une boisson par exemple. Dans cette étude, nous dressons un état des lieux des additifs alimentaires utilisés dans quelques denrées alimentaires de large consommation commercialisées dans la ville d'Oran (Ouest Algérien). Matériels et méthodes- Une étude transversale descriptive a été réalisée au niveau des superettes et magasins d'alimentation générale de la ville d'Oran pour lister les additifs alimentaires incorporés à quelques aliments de large consommation Dans un premier temps, une étude descriptive transversale a été réalisée pendant trois mois au sein de trois structures hospitalières de l'Ouest algérien. Résultats-Au total, 114 additifs alimentaires ont été répertoriés. Tous les additifs inventoriés sont listés dans le journal officiel Algérien N°30 du 16 Mai 2012.Les additifs répertoriés ne sont pas sans risques pour la santé du consommateur. Certains additifs comme le colorant caramel ou SIN150d est retrouvé dans 3 marques locales de biscuits et 4 marques de boissons locales (17,5%) ; le benzoate de sodium ou SIN211 dans 12 marques de boissons et 2 marques de confiture (16,09%) ; le butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) ou SIN320 dans une marque de chocolat, de margarine et de chips (1,67%). Globalement, les étiquettes des produits sont conformes à la réglementation Algérienne à l'exception de quelques manquements comme la nature de l'arôme qui ne fut pas toujours spécifiée Conclusion-L'étude a révélé une importante utilisation des additifs alimentaires. Le niveau de risque pour la santé du consommateur que pourraient présenter ces substances nécessite une large sensibilisation du consommateur, notamment une consommation modérée des denrées alimentaires industriellement préparées.

Effectiveness Comparison of Polysaccharides, Proteins, and Lipids as Composite Edible Coatings on the Quality of Food Products / Comparación de la Efectividad de Polisacáridos, Proteínas y Lípidos como Recubrimientos Compuestos Comestibles en la Calidad de los Productos Alimenticios

Background: This research was motivated by the complaints of tomato farmers about their crops that quickly rotted before being sold, as well as the many research results (raw materials and methods) that edible coating films could not be applied optimally. Objectives: The research was a practical recommendation by comparing the effectiveness of raw materials (polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids) with the dipping and spray methods. Materials and methods used in the comparison process were the application of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the Partial Least Square (PLS) approach. Results: Dipping has a strong effect (f2 ≥ 0.35; p<0.05), while spray had a moderate effect (f2: 0.15-0.35; p<0.05). Thus, the role of dipping as a mediator was more dominant than spray. Compared to proteins and lipids, polysaccharides had the best effectiveness (ß:0.460-0.584; f2: 0.15-0.35; p<0.05). Conclusion: the three ingredients improved the quality of tomatoes, and the dipping method was easier to apply by farmers than the spray method, which had many obstacles in its application

Antecedentes: esta investigación está motivada por las quejas de los productores de tomate sobre sus cultivos que se pudren rápidamente antes de ser vendidos, así como por los muchos resultados de la investigación (materias primas y métodos) de que las películas de recubrimiento comestibles no se pudieron aplicar de manera óptima. Objetivos: La investigación consiste en recomendaciones prácticas mediante la comparación de la eficacia de las materias primas (polisacáridos, proteínas y lípidos) con los métodos de inmersión y aspersión. Métodos: El método utilizado en el proceso de comparación es la aplicación del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) con el enfoque de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS). Resultados: La inmersión tiene un efecto fuerte (f2 ≥ 0,35; p<0,05), mientras que la pulverización tiene un efecto moderado (f2: 0,15-0,35; p<0,05). Por lo tanto, el papel de la inmersión como mediador es más dominante que el del rociado. Los polisacáridos tienen la mejor eficacia (ß:0,460-0,584; f2: 0,15-0,35; p<0,05) en comparación con las proteínas y los lípidos. Conclusión: es que los tres ingredientes pueden mejorar la calidad de los tomates, y el método de inmersión es más fácil de aplicar por los agricultores que el método de aspersión, que tiene muchos obstáculos en su aplicación

Calidad nutricional de los alimentos publicitados en canales privados de televisión abierta de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires / Nutritional quality of food advertised on private free-to-air television channels of Buenos Aires City

INTRODUCCIÓN: La industria alimentaria utiliza la televisión como medio para promocionar sus productos. El objetivo fue evaluar la frecuencia y la calidad nutricional de los alimentos publicitados en canales privados de televisión abierta en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal. Se analizaron las publicidades de alimentos emitidas en los canales privados de televisión abierta. Se grabó la programación en días de semana y fin de semana de 8 a 20 horas durante agosto y septiembre de 2018. La calidad nutricional se evaluó con el sistema de perfilado nutricional (SPN) utilizado en la Ley Nº 20606 de Chile. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 220 horas de programación. Se identificó un total de 484 publicidades de alimentos (12,8% de las publicidades), con una frecuencia de 2,2 anuncios por hora de programación. Las golosinas mostraron la mayor frecuencia (28% de los anuncios), seguidas por galletitas dulces (17%) y sopas deshidratadas (7%). De acuerdo con el SPN utilizado, el 55% de los alimentos superó el límite de energía, el 56% el de azúcares totales, el 57% el de grasas saturadas y el 20% el de sodio. DISCUSIÓN: Las publicidades de alimentos ocuparon una décima parte del espacio publicitario. Más de la mitad superó el límite de energía, azúcares totales y grasas saturadas según el sistema de perfilado chileno.

Gestion de la qualité des soins au service d'acceuil des urgences (SAU) de l'hôpital du Mali: enjeux et perspectives / Management of the quality of care at the emergency reception service (SAU) of the hospital of Mali : challenges et perspectives

Introduction : La Neurochirurgie au Mali reste une discipline relativement jeune par rapport aux autres spécialités chirurgicales. Le but de ce travail est de décrire le parcours des urgences neurochirurgicales admises au SAU de l'hôpital du Mali.Patient et méthodes : C'est une étude prospective transversale analytique qui s'est déroulée au SAU de l'hôpital du Mali sur une durée de 02 mois. Sont inclus dans cette étude, tous les patients admis au SAU et dont on a eu recours à un avis neurochirurgical. Nous avons recensé et analysé les données épidémiologiques, cliniques, paracliniques et thérapeutiques chez 82 patients. Résultats : Sur un total de 152 patients admis au SAU, il y'avait 82 cas pour lesquels un avis neurochirurgical a été demandé soit 53, 95 % des admissions. Parmi ces 82 patients, il y avait 50 cas de traumatismes crâniens, 20 cas de traumatismes du rachis, 08 cas d'accident vasculaire cérébral hémorragique (AVCH), 03 cas de suppurations intracrâniennes et 01 cas de tumeur cérébrale. Nous avons opéré 41 patients (50%) et mis en observation 32 patients (39,02%). Malgré nos efforts, 09 patients sont sortis contre avis médical ou par faute de moyens. Nous avons noté 03 cas de décès. Conclusion : La qualité des soins et l'accès aux soins sont très souvent considérés par les patients comme les éléments essentiels de la performance d'un système de santé. En tant que Etablissement Public Hospitalier (EPH) de niveau 3, il doit bénéficier d'un plateau technique adéquat et d'un personnel médical et paramédical suffisant afin d'assurer une prise en charge correcte des patients

Introduction : Neurosurgery in Mali remains a relatively young discipline compared to other surgical specialties.The aim of this study is to describe the course of neurosurgical emergencies in "Hôpital du Mali". Patients and methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional analytical study that took place at the emergency department of "hôpital du Mali" over a period of 02 months. Are included in this study, all the patients admitted in emergency for whom neurosurgical advice was sought. We identified and analyzed epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic data in 82 patients.Results: Out of a total of 152 patients admitted to our emergency unit, there were 82 cases for which a neurosurgical opinion was requested, ie 53.95% of admissions. Among these 82 patients, there were 50 cases of head trauma, 20 cases of spinal trauma, 08 cases of brain stroke, 03 cases of intracranial suppurations and 01 case of brain tumor. We operated on 41 patients (50%) and observed 32 patients (39.02%). Despite our efforts, 09 patients were released against medical advice or for lack of funds. We noted 03 cases of death. Conclusion: The quality of care and access to care are very often seen by patients as essential elements of the performance of a health system. As a level 3 public hospital, it must have an adequate technical platform and sufficient medical and paramedical staff to ensure correct patient care

Perceptions of healthy food, and perceived facilitators and barriers to buying and consuming healthy food, among female caregivers in Soweto, South Africa

Background. Obesity poses a continuous health challenge in South Africa and disproportionately affects black African households. To target obesity in these settings, it is crucial to have an in-depth understanding of food choices made by affected households. Objectives. To explore how healthy food is perceived by women living in Soweto, and the facilitators of and barriers to buying and consuming this food. Methods. This was a qualitative study that utilized semi-structured interviews. Ten participants were recruited using purposive sampling. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. The study took place in Soweto, South Africa, and was conducted from February to May 2019. Results. Six themes were developed from the data: perceptions of healthy food; protecting family members from unhealthy food; learning about healthy food; appreciation by the family; home-cooked food v. food bought on the street; and budgetary restrictions. The first three themes were grouped by the overarching theme 'consciousness of healthfulness of food', and the last three themes were grouped by the theme 'influences of the family and environment on food choice'. Conclusions. A focus on the whole family's dietary behaviours is recommended and, in future interventions, guidance communicated in intervention materials should be tailored to existing knowledge of healthy eating.

Healthy and safe school cafeteria program: a randomized controlled study / Programa cantinas escolares saudáveis e seguras: um estudo controlado randomizado

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the effect of an educational intervention program focused on health risk conditions, based on an assessment of the hygiene and quality of food sold in school cafeterias. Methods This is a controlled, parallel, randomized, two-arm, community study. Public and private schools with cafeterias were invited to participate. This study was conducted in 27 school cafeterias in northern and northwestern Rio Grande do Sul, a state in southern Brazil. Representatives of the school communities in the intervention group received an educational program consisting of 160-hour distance training. The most relevant outcomes were the assessment of the hygienic conditions and composition of the menus sold in school cafeterias. All outcomes were analyzed as intention-to-treat and per-protocol. For the analysis of continuous data with normal distribution, an analysis of covariance and the Generalized Linear Model were used. The level of statistical significance considered was p<0.05 for a 95% CI. Results No statistically significant difference was observed between the intervention group and the control group in the studied outcomes. There was a reduction of 76.2 points in the score for hygienic handling conditions (95% CI: -205 to 357; p=0.581). Regarding menu composition, the difference between groups was 0.48% (95% CI: -2.69 to 3.64; p=0.760) for ultra-processed foods, 0.23% (95% CI: -1.13 to 1.60; p=0.740) for processed foods, and 1.02% (95% CI: -2.59 to 4.64; p=0.581) for fresh foods. Conclusion There is not enough evidence to conclude that the intervention had a positive impact on any of the outcomes studied.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o efeito de um programa de intervenção educacional nas condições de risco à saúde com base na avaliação das condições higiênicas e na qualidade dos alimentos comercializados em cantinas escolares. Métodos Este é um estudo comunitário, controlado, paralelo, randomizado, dois braços. As escolas de Ensino Fundamental e Médio, públicas e privadas, que possuíam cantinas, foram convidadas a participar. Este estudo foi realizado em 27 cantinas escolares do norte e noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil. Representantes da comunidade escolar das cantinas do grupo intervenção receberam um programa educacional composto por um treinamento a distância de 160 horas. Os principais desfechos avaliados foram avaliação das condições higiênicas e composição dos alimentos vendidos nas cantinas escolares. Todos os resultados foram analisados como intenção de tratar e per protocolo. Para análise dos dados contínuos, com distribuição normal, utilizou-se a análise de covariância e o Modelo Linear Generalizado. O nível de significância estatística considerado foi p<0,05 para um intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o grupo intervenção e o grupo controle nos desfechos estudados. Houve redução de 76,2 pontos no escore das condições higiênicas de manipulação (IC 95%: -205 a 357; p=0,581). Em relação à composição dos cardápios, a diferença entre os grupos foi de 0,48% (IC 95%: -2,69 a 3,64; p=0,760) para os alimentos ultraprocessados, 0,23% (IC 95%: -1,13 a 1,60; p=0,740) para os alimentos processados e 1,02% (IC 95%: -2,59 a 4,64; p=0,581) para os alimentos in natura. Conclusão Não há evidências suficientes para concluir que a intervenção teve impacto positivo em nenhum dos desfechos estudados.

Influencia de Salmonella pullorum y S. gallinarum en la producción avícola y la salud pública / Influence of Salmonella pullorum and S. gallinarum on poultry production and public health

La calidad de los alimentos que consumimos se ha convertido en uno de los principales problemas de salud pública a nivel mundial, ya que son la puerta de entrada de patógenos y vectores para la trasmisión de diversas enfermedades. Se estimó que el 17,9% de las enfermedades trasmitidas por el consumo de alimentos, está relacionada con aves de corral, y el 19% de estas enfermedades, están asociadas a la contaminación por Salmonella entérica. La Salmonelosis es una enfermedad invasiva que afecta en gran medida a las poblaciones altamente vulnerables (niños, ancianos e inmunocomprometidos), causando la necesidad de hospitalización y en ocasiones la muerte. A nivel mundial se estima que anualmente hay más de 94 millones de personas afectadas por gastroenteritis causada por el consumo de aves contaminadas con Salmonella, así como más de 155.000 fallecidos. Sin embargo, los orígenes de esta cepa: Salmonella entérica y otras de mayor alcance patógeno están influenciadas muy de cerca por el control de dos cepas con poca acción en la población humana: la S. polloroum y la S. gallinarum. La casi desaparición de estos dos serovares impulsó la colonización de cepas más resistente a los antibióticos y más perjudiciales para los seres humanos(AU)

The quality of the food we consume has become one of the main public health problems worldwide, since it is the gateway for pathogens and vectors for the transmission of various diseases. It was estimated that 17.9% of diseases transmitted by food consumption are related to poultry, and 19% of these diseases are associated with contamination by Salmonella enterica. Salmonellosis is an invasive disease that greatly affects highly vulnerable populations (children, the elderly and immunocompromised), causing the need for hospitalization and sometimes death. Worldwide, it is estimated that annually there are more than 94 million people affected by gastroenteritis caused by the intake of poultry contaminated with Salmonella, as well as more than 155,000 deaths. However, the origins of this strain: Salmonella enterica and others with a greater pathogenic scope are closely influenced by the control of two strains with little action in the human population: S. polloroum and S. gallinarum. The near disappearance of these two serovars prompted the colonization of strains more resistant to antibiotics and more harmful to humans(AU)

Relationships between diet quality, food satisfaction and life satisfaction in mother-adolescent dyads / Relaciones entre calidad de la dieta, satisfacción con la alimentación y con la vida en díadas madre-adolescente / Relações entre qualidade da dieta, satisfação com a alimentação e satisfação com a vida em pares mãe-adolescente

This study examined the relationships between diet quality, satisfaction with food-related life and life satisfaction in mother-adolescent dyads. The sample consisted of 470 mother-adolescent dyads in Temuco, Chile. Mothers and adolescents responded to the Adapted Healthy Eating Index, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Satisfaction with Food-related Life scale. Data was analyzed using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Diet quality was associated with satisfaction with food-related life, which related to life satisfaction in mothers and adolescents. We did not find direct relationships between diet quality and life satisfaction for either dyad member. Adolescents' diet quality negatively affected their mothers' satisfaction with food-related life; adolescents' food-related life was positively associated with their mothers' life satisfaction. The mothers' satisfaction with food-related life played a mediating role between their own diet quality and life satisfaction. Mothers and their adolescent children affect one another in their dietary patterns and life satisfaction. Child-to-mother influences on food-related experiences show that adolescents' satisfaction with food-related life improves their own and their mothers' life satisfaction. Interventions to promote healthy eating habits must be addressed to both mothers and their adolescent children.

Este estudió examinó las interrelaciones entre calidad de la dieta, satisfacción con la alimentación -relacionada con la vida, y satisfacción con la vida en díadas madre-adolescente. Se reclutó una muestra de 470 díadas madre-adolescente en Temuco, Chile. Las madres y adolescentes respondieron al Índice de Alimentación Saludable Adaptado, Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida, y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Alimentación. Se analizaron los datos usando el Modelo de Interdependencia Actor-Pareja (APIM) y el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales. La calidad de la dieta está asociada con la satisfacción con la alimentación, y la última está asociada con la satisfacción con la vida, en madres y adolescentes. No se encontraron relaciones directas entre la calidad de la dieta y la satisfacción con la vida para ningún miembro de la díada. La calidad de la dieta de los adolescentes tuvo un efecto negativo en la satisfacción con la alimentación de las madres; la satisfacción con la alimentación de los adolescentes estuvo positivamente asociada con la satisfacción con la vida de sus madres. La satisfacción con la alimentación de las madres tuvo un papel mediador entre la calidad de su propia dieta y su satisfacción con la vida. Las madres y sus hijos adolescentes se influencia mutuamente en sus hábitos alimentarios y satisfacción con la vida. Se encontró que las influencias hijo/a-madre tienen un impacto en las experiencias relacionadas con la comida, mostrando que la satisfacción con la alimentación de los adolescentes potencia su propia satisfacción con la vida y la de sus madres. Las intervenciones para promover hábitos saludables en la alimentación deben dirigirse tanto a las madres como a sus hijos adolescentes.

O estudo examinou as interrelações entre qualidade da dieta, satisfação com a alimentação e satisfação com a vida em pares de mães e adolescentes. Foi recrutada uma amostra de 470 pares mãe-adolescente em Temuco, Chile. As mães e adolescentes responderam o questionário do Índice Adaptado de Alimentação Saudável, a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida e a Escala de Satisfação com a Alimentação. Os dados foram analisados com o modelo de interdependência ator-parceiro (APIM) e modelagem de equações estruturais. A qualidade da dieta está associada com a satisfação com a alimentação, e esta está associada com a satisfação com a vida, entre mães e adolescentes. Tanto nas mães quanto nos filhos adolescentes, não foram observadas relações diretas entre qualidade da dieta e satisfação com a vida. A qualidade da dieta dos adolescentes teve um efeito negative sobre a satisfação das mães com a alimentação; a satisfação dos adolescentes com a alimentação esteve associada positivamente à satisfação das mães com a vida. A satisfação das mães com a alimentação teve um papel mediador entre a qualidade de sua própria dieta e a satisfação com a vida. As mães e seus filhos adolescentes afetam uns aos outros nos padrões de dieta e satisfação com a vida. Foram identificadas influências de filho para mãe nas experiências relacionadas à alimentação, o que demonstra que a satisfação dos adolescentes com a alimentação potencializa a satisfação com a vida, tanto deles e quanto de suas mães. Devem ser realizadas intervenções no sentido de promover hábitos alimentares saudáveis entre as mães e seus filhos adolescentes.

El consumo de productos ultraprocesados y su impacto en el perfil alimentario de los escolares uruguayos / Consumption and impact of ultra-processed food products on the nutritional profile of Uruguayan schoolchildren / O consumo e impacto de produtos ultra processados no perfil nutricional de escolares uruguaios

Objetivos: estimar la ingesta calórica y de nutrientes vinculados con enfermedades no transmisibles, según el nivel de procesamiento de los alimentos, en escolares de 4 a 12 años de la ciudad de Montevideo. Método: estudio transversal a partir de recordatorios de 24 horas realizados en 21 escuelas públicas con servicio de comedor escolar de la ciudad de Montevideo en 2018, en el marco de la evaluación nacional del Programa de Alimentación Escolar (PAE) de la Administración Nacional de Educación Pública. Para esto se analizó el aporte calórico, grasas totales, grasas saturadas, sodio, potasio, fibra dietética y azúcares libres en la dieta de los niños según su origen alimentario. Se utilizó el software PC SIDE para estimar la distribución de la ingesta de nutrientes y ajustar las varianzas interindividuales e intraindividuales. Resultados: en promedio la adecuación calórica alcanzó el 113% del requerimiento para el grupo y el 54% de los escolares consume calorías en forma excesiva. El 28% de las calorías provienen de productos ultraprocesados (PUP) y el 18,9% proviene de azúcares libres, equivalente prácticamente a 100 gramos de consumo diario. El consumo de PUP se constató en prácticamente todos los escolares estudiados y se asoció a un perfil alimentario más desfavorable, lo que se incrementa a medida que aumenta su ingesta. Conclusiones: los datos hallados permiten afirmar que el consumo de PUP es generalizado, de inicio en edades tempranas y que su mayor consumo se asocia a un perfil alimentario desfavorable.

Goals: estimate the caloric and nutritional intake associated with non-communicable diseases, according to the level of food processing in schoolchildren aged 4 to 12 in the city of Montevideo. Method: cross-sectional study based on 24-hour reminders carried out in 21 public schools with a school canteen service in the city of Montevideo in 2018, within the framework of the national evaluation of the School Food Program of the National Public Education Administration. With this purpose, the children's diet source was analyzed in terms of caloric intake, total fat, saturated fat, sodium, potassium, dietary fiber and free sugars. We used PC SIDE software to estimate the distribution of nutrient intake and adjust for interindividual and intraindividual variances. Results: on average, caloric adequacy reached 113% of the group's requirement and 54% of schoolchildren consume calories excessively. 28% of the calories come from Ultra-Processed Products (UPP) and 18.9% come from free sugars, equivalent to practically 100 grams of daily consumption. UPP consumption was found in practically all the schoolchildren studied and was associated with a more unfavorable dietary profile, which increases intake does. Conclusions: these findings enable us to state that the consumption of UPP is generalized, starts at an early age and that its higher consumption is associated with an unfavorable dietary profile.

Objetivos: estimar a ingestão calórica e de nutrientes associada às doenças não transmissíveis, segundo o nível de processamento de alimentos em escolares de 4 a 12 anos na cidade de Montevidéu. Método: estudo transversal com base em lembretes 24 horas realizados em 21 escolas públicas com serviço de cantina escolar na cidade de Montevidéu em 2018, no âmbito da avaliação nacional do Programa de Alimentação Escolar da Administração Nacional de Educação Pública. Para isso, foi analisada a ingestão calórica, gordura total, gordura saturada, sódio, potássio, fibra alimentar e açúcares livres na dieta das crianças, de acordo com a origem alimentar. O software PC SIDE foi usado para estimar a distribuição da ingestão de nutrientes e ajustar as variâncias interindividuais e intraindividuais. Resultados: em média, a adequação calórica atingiu 113% da necessidade do grupo e 54% dos escolares consomem calorias em excesso. 28% das calorias vêm de Produtos Ultraprocessados (PUP) e 18,9% vêm de açúcares livres, o que equivale a praticamente 100 gramas de consumo diário. O consumo de PUPs foi encontrado em praticamente todos os escolares estudados e esteve associado a um perfil alimentar mais desfavorável, que aumenta à medida que aumenta o consumo. Conclusões: os dados encontrados permitem afirmar que o consumo de PUPs é generalizado, acontece a partir de idade precoce e que seu maior consumo está associado a um perfil alimentar desfavorável.

Nutritional and quality changes in piglet concentrate affected by formulation and storage / Mudanças nutricionais e de qualidade no concentrado de leitões afetadas pela formulação e pelo armazenamento

The aim of this study was to evaluate the variations in the stability and nutrient concentration in concentrates for piglet feeding. Five treatments were established: T1 - Control, standard concentrate formulation (SCF); T2 - PXMore5, SCF with more 5% vitamin-mineral premix (VMP); T3 - PXLess5, SCF with less 5% VMP. All these three treatments used 400kg batches in an INTECNIAL mixer; T4 - FeedMixer, SCF using a 4,000kg batch in an IMOTO mixer; T5 - PremixMixer, SCF using a 1,200kg batch in an MUYANG mixer. For each treatment, bags of 20kg were stored in three storage places for four months where room temperature and relative humidity was recorded daily. The concentration of nutrients was evaluated through centesimal and mineral analysis. The water activity of concentrate was affected by temperature and relative air humidity in different storage places. The greatest variation in concentration of crude protein, mineral residue, copper, zinc, and selenium was due to the PremixMixer treatment. Regarding the guaranteed levels, the critical value was verified only for the chrome concentration.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as variações na estabilidade e na concentração de nutrientes em concentrados para alimentação de leitões. Foram estabelecidos cinco tratamentos: T1 - controle, concentrado com formulação padrão (CFP); T2 - PXMais5, CFP com 5% a mais de vitaminas e minerais da pré-mistura (PVM); T3 - PXMenos5, CFP com 5% a menos de PVM (todos os três tratamentos utilizaram lotes de 400kg em um misturador INTECNIAL); T4 - FeedMixer, CFP usando um lote de 4.000kg em um misturador IMOTO; T5 - PremixMixer, CFP usando um lote de 1.200kg em um misturador MUYANG. Para cada tratamento, sacos de 20kg foram armazenados em três ambientes distintos por quatro meses, onde a temperatura ambiente e a umidade relativa do ar foram registradas diariamente. A concentração de nutrientes foi avaliada por meio de análises centesimal e mineral. A atividade de água do concentrado foi afetada pela temperatura e a umidade relativa do ar nos diferentes locais de armazenamento. A maior variação na concentração de proteína bruta, resíduo mineral, cobre, zinco e selênio foi devido ao tratamento "MistPremix". Em relação aos níveis de garantia, foi verificado valor crítico apenas para a concentração de cromo.(AU)

Variedad en la calidad de la dieta en adultos españoles y mexicanos / Diet quality variety in Spanish and Mexican adults

La pérdida de patrones de alimentación tradicionales a favor de otros más occidentales redunda en un descenso de calidad de la dieta alrededor del mundo. Muchos aspectos determinan la calidad dietética, aunque en general pueden resumirse en una dieta moderada, variada, equilibrada y adecuada para cada individuo. Estos aspectos son evaluados por el Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I). Objetivo: Comparar la calidad de la dieta de población mexicana y española mediante un índice de calidad internacional de la dieta, determinando que factores son en mayor medida responsables de la pérdida de calidad. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional transversal sobre una muestra representativa de sujetos adultos residentes en Querétaro (México) y de sujetos de la misma franja de edad procedentes de la Región de Murcia, en la cuenca mediterránea española. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, antropométricos, de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos y de ingesta con 3 recuerdos de 24 horas y se valoró el DQI-I en la población. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias para el gasto energético y el DQI-I en todos sus aspectos con valores de calidad superiores para la población mexicana. La variedad fue la dimensión más castigada para todos los sujetos, presentando los mexicanos mejores cifras de consumo de vegetales pero peores para las fuentes proteicas. Conclusiones: La muestra mexicana mejoró las cifras de calidad de la española, tal vez por una mayor influencia de conocimientos en nutrición. El 86% de la población podría mejorar sus puntajes de calidad en el DQI-I ajustando sus frecuencias de consumo de alimentos(AU)

The loss of traditional eating patterns in favour of more Western ones results in a decline in dietary quality around the world. Many aspects determine dietary quality, but in general they can be summarised as a moderate, varied, balanced diet suitable for each individual. These aspects are assessed by the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I). Objective: To compare the quality of the diet of the Mexican and Spanish populations using an international diet quality index, determining which factors are most responsible for the loss of quality. Material and methods: Cross-sectional observational study on a representative sample of adult subjects living in Querétaro (Mexico) and subjects of the same age group from the Region of Murcia, in the Spanish Mediterranean basin. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, food frequency consumption and intake data were collected with 3 24-hour recall and the DQI-I was assessed in the population. Results: Differences were found for energy expenditure and DQI-I in all aspects with higher quality values for the Mexican population. Variety was the most punished dimension for all subjects, with Mexicans presenting better figures for vegetable intake but worse for protein sources. Conclusions: The Mexican sample improved the quality figures of the Spanish sample, perhaps due to a greater influence of nutritional knowledge. Eighty-six percent of the population could improve their DQI-I quality scores by adjusting their food consumption frequencies(AU)

Perfil de nutrientes de productos alimenticios procesados y ultra-procesados consumidos por mujeres que asisten a un hospital público de la ciudad de La Plata / Nutrient profile of processed and ultra-processed foods consumed by women attending a state hospital in La Plata

Resumen Introducción: el incremento de productos alimenticios procesados y ultra-procesados (APUP) en las dietas a nivel global se relaciona con la epidemia de Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles (ECNT) ya que suelen contener concentraciones altas de sal, azúcar y grasas y bajas de fibra, micronutrientes y compuestos bioactivos. Objetivo: analizar el perfil de nutrientes de alimentos procesados y ultra-procesados consumidos con frecuencia por mujeres que asistieron al hospital público de niños "Sor Maria Ludovica" en La Plata, Argentina. Materiales y método: entre noviembre 2018 y febrero 2019 se realizaron recordatorios de 24 horas a 202 mujeres. Se identificaron los alimentos procesados y ultra-procesados consumidos por 2 mujeres o más y se analizó su perfil de nutrientes de acuerdo al "Modelo de Perfil de Nutrientes" de la OPS. Resultados: el 91% de 102 alimentos analizados poseían algún nutriente crítico en exceso. El exceso de sodio se encontró en el 58,2% de los alimentos, seguido por el exceso de azúcar (52%), otros edulcorantes (32,4%), grasas saturadas (29,4%), grasas totales (26,4%) y grasas trans (8%). Conclusión: la mayoría de los alimentos procesados y ultra-procesados consumidos por las mujeres que asistieron a este hospital público presentaron exceso de nutrientes críticos, principalmente sodio.

Abstract Introduction: the increase in processed and ultra-processed food products (APUP) in diets at a global level is related to the epidemic of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (CNCD) as they usually contain high concentrations of salt, sugar and fat and low fiber , micronutrients and bioactive compounds. Aim: to analyze the nutrient profile of processed and ultra-processed foods frequently consumed by women attending the state children´s hospital "Sor Maria Ludovica" in La Plata, Argentina. Materials and methods: from November 2018 to February 2019, 24-hour reminders were given to 202 women. Processed and ultra-processed foods consumed by at least 2 women were identified and their nutrient profile was analyzed according to PAHO Nutrient Profile Model. Results: out of 102 food items analyzed, 91% had excess of critical nutrients. Excess of sodium was found in 58.2% of the items, followed by excess of sugar (52%), other sweeteners (32.4%), saturated fat (29.4%), total fat (26.4%). %) and trans fats (8%). Conclusion: the majority of processed and ultra-processed foods consumed by women attending this state hospital had excess of critical nutrients, mainly sodium.

Ambientes de consumo alimentar e qualidade da alimentação no Reino Unido em 2014-2016 / Food consumer environments and food quality in the United Kingdom in 2014-2016

Introdução: A alimentação inadequada tem causado prejuízos imensuráveis para a população humana e para o planeta. Má-nutrição em todas as suas formas, doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, produção exacerbada de materiais de difícil decomposição, poluição de rios e oceanos são alguns dos resultados do sistema alimentar globalizado. Investigações recentes apontam o aumento no consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados em diversos países. Somado a isso, estudos indicam que os locais de consumo podem influenciar nas escolhas alimentares. Entretanto, a influência dos locais no consumo desses alimentos foi pouco explorada. Objetivo: analisar a associação entre locais de consumo e o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados no Reino Unido entre 2014-2016. Métodos: Os dados são provenientes da National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS). As informações de consumo alimentar individual, de participantes de ≥ 4 anos de idade, foram coletadas através de diário alimentar de 3 ou 4 dias consecutivos. Os locais de consumo foram categorizados em nove grupos: casa, locais institucionais, meios de transporte, cafeterias, clubes de esportes e recreação, restaurantes de serviço completo, fast food, casa de familiares e amigos e outros. Todos os itens de consumo foram classificados segundo o processamento industrial utilizando a classificação NOVA e calculou-se o percentual total e por local de participação dos itens alimentares para o total de energia (em kcal) consumida. Foi então avaliada a associação entre cada local de consumo e a participação de alimentos ultraprocessados na alimentação por meio de modelos de regressão linear brutos e ajustados para possíveis variáveis confundidoras. Esses modelos geraram coeficientes que representam o aumento da participação energética de alimentos ultraprocessados a cada aumento de ponto percentual no consumo em cada local (% kcal total). As análises foram estratificadas para crianças (4-10 anos), adolescentes (11-18 anos) e adultos (19 anos de idade ou mais). Resultados: Os alimentos ultraprocessados contribuíram com 56,3% do total de energia consumida. Entre as crianças, o consumo alimentar realizado em casa foi inversamente associado ao consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (ß: -0,10, IC 95% -0,17, -0,03), enquanto em clubes de esportes e recreação (ß: 0,47, IC 95% 0,20, 0,73) foi diretamente associado ao consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados. Para os adolescentes, comer em casa (ß: -0,12, IC 95% -0,19, -0,05) foi inversamente associado ao consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, assim como em restaurantes de serviço completo (ß: -0,21, IC 95% - 0,38, -0,03). O consumo em redes de fast food esteve diretamente associado ao consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados em adolescentes (ß: 0,29, IC 95% 0,12, 0,47). Finalmente, para adultos, restaurantes de serviço completo (ß: -0,13, IC 95% -0,22, -0,03) mostraram-se inversamente associados ao consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados. Já em restaurantes do tipo fast food (ß: 0,77, IC 95% 0,38, 1,17) foram diretamente associados ao consumo desses alimentos. Conclusões: os locais de consumo impactam de forma diferente no consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, clubes de esporte e recreação e restaurantes do tipo fast food promoveram um aumento no consumo desses alimentos. Por outro lado, houve redução no consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados em casa e em restaurantes de serviço completo.

Background: Inadequate food has caused immeasurable damage to the human population and the planet. Malnutrition in all its forms, chronic non-communicable diseases, overproduction of materials that are difficult to decompose, pollution of rivers and oceans are some of the results of the globalized food system. Recent investigations point to an increase in the consumption of ultra-processed foods in several countries. In addition, studies indicate that eating locations can influence food choices. However, the influence of places on the consumption of ultra-processed foods has been little explored. Objective: to analyse the association between eating locations and consumption of ultra-processed foods in the United Kingdom between 2014-2016. Methods: data are from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS). Individual food consumption information of participants ≥ 4 years of age was collected through a food diary for 3 or 4 consecutive days. Eating locations were categorized into nine groups: home, institutional places, on the go, coffee shops, leisure and sports places, sit-down restaurants, fast food, friends and relatives house, and other places. All consumption items were classified according to industrial processing using the NOVA classification. The total percentage and eating locations of participation of food items for the total energy (in kcal) consumed was calculated. The association between each eating location and the participation of ultra-processed foods in the diet was evaluated using crude linear regression models and adjusted for possible confounders. These models generated coefficients that represent the increase in energy participation of ultra-processed foods at each percentage point increase in consumption in each location (% kcal total). Analyses were stratified for children (4-10 years), adolescents (11-18 years), and adults (19 years or older). Results: ultra-processed foods contributed 56.3% of the total energy consumed. Among children, food consumption at home was inversely associated with consumption of ultra-processed foods (ß: -0.10, 95% CI -0.17, -0.03), while in leisure and sports places (ß: 0.47, 95% CI 0.20, 0.73) was directly associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods. For adolescents, eating at home (ß: -0.12, 95% CI -0.19, -0.05) was inversely associated with consumption of ultra-processed foods, as well as in sit-down restaurants (ß: -0, 21, 95% CI - 0.38, -0.03). Consumption in fast food restaurants was directly associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods in adolescents (ß: 0.29, 95% CI 0.12, 0.47). Finally, for adults, sit-down restaurants (ß: -0.13, 95% CI -0.22, -0.03) were inversely associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods. Fast food (ß: 0.77, 95% CI 0.38, 1.17) were directly associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods. Conclusion: eating locations have a different impact on the consumption of ultra-processed foods, leisure and sports places and fast food have promoted an increase in consumption of ultra-processed foods. On the other hand, there was a reduction in the consumption of ultra-processed foods at home and sit-down restaurants.

Comparison of microbiological quality between illegal and inspected salami

The consumption of meat and meat products can pose consumers into risk due to the presence of biological hazards that can cause foodborne diseases. Thus, this study aimed to compare the microbiological quality of illegal and inspected salami sold in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. For this purpose, 80 salami samples (40 illegal and 40 inspected) were purchased and their microbiological quality was assessed according to the protocol established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. All samples were considered as acceptable for consumption according to the Brazilian law. However, the samples of illegal salami were significantly higher contaminated with bacteria belonging to the genus Staphylococcus (p = 0.002) and had a higher trend to be contaminated with total coliforms (p = 0.08) and thermotolerant ones (p = 0.07) compared to inspected salami. Salmonella spp. and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus were not detected. In conclusion, although all samples were considered as safe for consumption, illegal salami had a worse microbiological quality when compared to inspected ones.

Leites e seus substitutos de origem vegetal: avaliação e comparação da qualidade nutricional de seus rótulos / Milk and its vegetable substitutes: evaluation and comparison of nutritional quality of its labels

Leite é fonte importante de proteínas de alto valor biológico, vitaminas e minerais, porém, questões de alergia ou intolerância e um estilo de vida vegano ou vegetariano, têm levado à substituição por bebidas à base de vegetais. avaliar se a substituição é pertinente, este trabalho comparou os rótulos dos leites de origem animal e as bebidas vegetais disponíveis nos principais supermercados da Grande Vitória, ES. Foram avaliadas 56 embalagens de leite UHT (ultra high temperature) de vaca e de cabra, nas suas diferentes versões, e 41 de bebidas vegetais de amendoim, amêndoas, arroz, aveia, castanhas, coco, espelta, nuts e soja. As bebidas vegetais apresentaram, em geral, presença de fibras, maior teor de ácidos graxos insaturados e menor teor de sódio. Os leites se destacaram pela presença de colesterol, maior aporte proteico, de cálcio e das vitaminas A e D. As bebidas vegetais também apresentaram maiores quantidades de carboidratos e valor calórico. Sendo assim, se não há restrições para o consumidor, seja por questões de saúde, cultura ou hábito, a substituição de leite por bebidas vegetais não é equivalente. No entanto, o consumo de leites integrais deve ser equilibrado devido seu elevado teor de gorduras saturadas e de sódio. (AU)

Milk is an important source of high biological value proteins, vitamins and minerals, however, allergy or ntolerance issues, and a vegan or vegetarian lifestyle, have led its replacement by vegetables-based beverages. To evaluate weather this substitution is relevant; this study compared the labels of animal origin milk and the vegetable beverage available in the main supermarkets of Greater Vitória, ES. Fifty-six packages of cow and goat UHT milks, in their diferent versions, and 41 packages of vegetable beverages of peanuts, almonds, rice, oats, nuts, coconut, spelt, walnuts and soybeans were evaluated.The vegetable beverages presented, in general, the presence of fibers, higher content of unsaturated fatty acids and lower sodium content. Milks stood out due to the presence of cholesterol, higher protein intake, calcium and vitamins and D.Vegetable beverages also presented higher amount of carbohydrates and higher caloric value. Therefore, if there is no restriction, whether for health, culture or habit reasons, it is not equivalent to replace milks vegetable beverages.However, the consumption of whole milk should be balanced due to its high content of saturated fats and sodium. (AU)

Contaminação microscópica por matérias estranhas em noz-moscada, cúrcuma, gengibre, colorífico, pimenta-do-reino e páprica comercializados no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. (Parte I) / Microscopic contamination by foreign matter in nutmeg, turmeric, ginger, colorific, black pepper and paprika marketed in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. (Part I)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a presença de matérias estranhas em noz-moscada, (Myristica fragrans Houttuyn), cúrcuma (Curcuma longa Linnaeus), gengibre (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), colorífico (mistura de urucum [Bixa orellana Linnaeus] com fubá), pimenta-do-reino (Piper nigrum Linnaeus) e páprica (Capsicum annuum Linnaeus) conforme a legislação sanitária. Foram analisadas 180 amostras empregando os métodos preconizados pela AOAC International, de maio de 2018 a maio de 2020. A presença de ao menos uma matéria estranha foi observada em 80% das amostras. Pelos animais foram observados em todos os produtos e fragmentos de insetos foram encontrados na maioria das amostras. Ácaro, inseto inteiro, larva de inseto, bárbula e exúvia também foram encontrados, além de fibras sintéticas e fragmentos de microplásticos. Quanto à legislação, 47,8% das amostras estavam acima dos limites de tolerância, destas, 90,7% por conterem matérias estranhas indicativas de falhas na aplicação das boas práticas e 9,3% por matérias estranhas indicativas de risco à saúde. Os resultados obtidos denotam ineficiência da aplicação das medidas de boas práticas na cadeia produtiva e alertam para a intensificação da fiscalização direcionada ao cumprimento das normas sanitárias, além de provocarem a reflexão sobre a necessidade de alterações na legislação referente às matérias estranhas. (AU)

The aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of foreign matter in nutmeg, (Myristica fragrans Houttuyn), turmeric (Curcuma longa Linnaeus), ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), colorific (mixture of annatto [Bixa orellana Linnaeus] with cornmeal), black pepper (Piper nigrum Linnaeus) and paprika (Capsicum annuum Linnaeus) according to the health legislation. A total of 180 samples were analyzed using the methods recommended by AOAC International, from May 2018 to May 2020. The presence of at least one foreign matter was observed in 80% of the samples. Animal's hairs were observed in all the evaluated products and insect's fragments were found in the most of the samples. Mites, whole insects, insect larvae, barbules and exuvia were also found, as wellas synthetic fibers and microplastic fragments. About legislation, 47.8% of the samples were above the tolerance limits, of these, 90.7% for containing foreign matters indicating failure of good practices and 9.3% for foreign matters indicating health risk. The results obtained show inefficiency in the application of good practice measures in production chain and advertise for the intensification of inspection directed to fulfillment of sanitary norms, besides provoking the reflection on the necessity of alterations in the legislation about foreign matter in foods. (AU)

Study of the effects of freezing process on nutritional value of 17 fish species marketed in São Paulo State, Brazil / Estudo dos efeitos do processo de congelamento sobre o valor nutricional de 17 espécies de peixes comercializadas no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

Freezing is an important strategy to keep fish quality and make the species available the whole year. Its effects on the nutritional value of 17 fish species were studied in samples of entire fish, fillets or pieces. One portion of homogenized flesh was analyzed just after purchase (fresh sample). The other portion was packed in polyethylene bag, sealed, quick frozen (-80°C), stored properly at -18°C and analyzed after 12 months (frozen sample). Moisture, ash and protein content were tested using Brazilian Supply, Livestock and Agriculture Ministry methodologies. Lipid content was analyzed through Bligh and Dyer method. Carbohydrate content and caloric value were calculated, using NIFEXT fraction and Atwater coefficient, respectively. When fresh and frozen samples were compared, moisture and ash content showed significant difference (p<0.05) for 17.65% and 11.77% species, respectively. Lipid and protein contents were the most affected parameters, as they were altered in 29.40% of the studied species (p<0.05), and therefore, highlighted the importance of the conservation technology used on nutritional quality of fishery products. Mullet (M. brasiliensis) and Atlantic salmon (S. salar) had their nutritional composition more affected by freezing process with five and four altered parameters, respectively, from the six studied. (AU)

O congelamento é estratégia importante para manter a qualidade do peixe e tornar inúmeras espécies disponíveis o ano todo. Seus efeitos sobre o valor nutricional de 17 espécies foram estudados em amostras de peixes inteiros, filés ou postas. A porção cárnea homogeneizada foi analisada logo após a aquisição (amostra fresca). Outra parte foi embalada em polietileno, selada, rapidamente congelada (-80°C) e analisada após 12 meses de armazenamento a -18°C (amostra congelada). O teor de umidade, cinzas e proteína foram testados com metodologias do Ministério de Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento e teor de lipídios com método de Bligh e Dyer. Conteúdo de carboidrato e valor calórico foram calculados, utilizando fração NIFEXT e coeficiente de Atwater, respectivamente. Quando se comparou amostras frescas e congeladas, teor de umidade e cinzas evidenciaram diferenças significativas (p<0,05) para 17,65% e 11,77% das espécies, respectivamente. O teor de lipídios e de proteínas foram alterados em 29,40% das espécies estudadas (p<0,05), sendo os parâmetros mais afetados pelo congelamento e destacaram a importância da tecnologia de conservação utilizada sobre a qualidade nutricional do pescado. Tainha (M. brasiliensis) e salmão (S. salar) foram as mais afetadas pelo congelamento, com 5 e 4 parâmetros alterados, respectivamente, após estocagem sob congelamento. (AU)

Isolamento e identificação microscópica de elementos histológicos vegetais: contribuições para o controle de qualidade e segurança dos alimentos / Isolation and microscopic identification of vegetable histological elements: contributions to quality control and food safety

A microscopia alimentar atua no controle da qualidade e identidade dos alimentos utilizando recursos microscópicos para a identificação de elementos histológicos vegetais e de matérias estranhas. O objetivo do estudo foi apresentar as principais contribuições da análise microscópica de isolamento e identificação de elementos histológicos vegetais na vigilância dos alimentos analisados no Instituto Adolfo Lutz Central (IAL), de 2016 a 2020. Os dados das análises realizadas no período do estudo foram tabulados para categorização e avaliação dos resultados. Foram analisadas 4.189 amostras de alimentos e água, sendo 1.096 para pesquisa e identificação de elementos histológicos vegetais, com maior demanda para as análises de controle. As categorias de alimentos mais analisadas foram as misturas para o preparo de alimentos e alimentos prontos para consumo; café, cevada, chá, erva-mate e produtos solúveis; e os suplementos alimentares. Dentre as amostras analisadas, 5% não estavam de acordo com a rotulagem, principalmente devido à adição de ingrediente, com destaque para os açúcares e produtos para adoçar; as especiarias, temperos, molhos; e os suplementos alimentares. Por meio da análise microscópica foram verificadas adulterações em diversas categorias de produtos, demonstrando a sua contribuição às ações de vigilância na prevenção de fraudes e na segurança dos alimentos. (AU)

Food microscopy acts to control the quality and identity of foods using microscopic resources to identify vegetable histological elements and foreign matter.The aim of the study was to present the main contributions from microscopic analysis on isolation and identification of vegetable histological elements in the surveillance of foods analyzed at the Instituto Adolfo Lutz Central (IAL) from 2016 to 2020. Data from the analysis performed during the studied period were tabulated for categorization and further evaluation. Altogether, 4.189 food and water samples were analyzed and 1.096 samples underwent research and identification of vegetable histological elements, with greater demand for the control analysis.The most analyzed food categories were mixtures for food preparation and ready-to-eat foods; coffee, barley, tea, yerba mate and soluble products; and food supplements. Among the analyzed samples, 5% were not in accordance with the labeling, mainly due to the addition of an ingredient, especially sugars and sweetening products; spices, seasonings, sauces; and food supplements. Through microscopic analysis, adulterations were found in several categories of products, demonstrating its relevance to surveillance actions in fraud prevention and food safety. (AU)

Relación de la grasa corporal con la alimentación emocional y calidad de la dieta en universitarios de México / Relationship of body fat with emotional eating and quality of diet in university students from Mexico

La obesidad es un problema de salud pública. La comprensión de factores tanto emocionales como dietéticos relacionados a su desarrollo es fundamentales para abordar este problema. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar por sexo y edad la relación de la grasa corporal con la alimentación emocional (AE) y la calidad de la dieta (CD) en población universitaria. Se realizó un estudio transversal en el que participaron 367 estudiantes universitarios de medicina (65 % mujeres). El porcentaje de grasa se midió a través de bioimpedancia eléctrica. La alimentación emocional (AE) (emoción, familia, indiferencia, cultura y efecto del alimento) se obtuvo de la escala de AE y la calidad de la dieta (CD)a partir de índice de calidad de la dieta mexicana (ICMX) (suficiente, balanceada, completa, variada e inocua), mediante un cuestionario semicuantitativo de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. Para identificar qué variables independientes explican el porcentaje de grasa corporal se utilizó la regresión lineal múltiple. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre sexos, los hombres presentaron valores superiores a las mujeres en edad, peso, altura e IMC (kg/m2), mientras que las mujeres presentaron un mayor porcentaje de grasa corporal respecto a los hombres. La cultura (p=,001) y efecto del alimento (p=,006), factores de la AE, predijeron menor porcentaje de grasa corporal en hombres mayores de 20 años. Resulta necesario implementar programas de salud, que vayan encaminados a un consumo saludable de alimentos mediante actividades recreativas y con el acompañamiento de profesionales de la salud durante la universidad(AU)

Obesity is a public health problem. Understanding both emotional and dietary factors related to its development are essential to address this problem. The objective of this study was to analyze by sex and age the relationship of body fat with emotional eating (EE) and diet quality (DQ) in university population. A cross-sectional study was carried out in which 367 university medical students participated (65% women). Body fat percentage was measured through electrical bioimpedance. Emotional eating (EE) (emotion, family, indifference, culture and effect of food) was obtained from the EE scale and diet quality (DQ) from the Mexican Diet Quality Index (MDQI) (sufficient, balanced, complete, varied and innocuous), using a semi-quantitative food consumption frequency questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to identify which independent variables explain body fat percentage. Statistically significant differences were found between sexes, men had higher values than women in age, weight, height, and BMI (kg/m2), while women had a higher body fat percentage compared to men. Culture (p = .001) and effect of food (p = .006), factors of EE, predicted lower body fat percentage in men older than 20 years. It is necessary to implement health programs that are aimed at a healthy consumption of food through recreational activities and with the accompaniment of health professionals during university(AU)

Intervención Educativa-Nutricional sobre hábitos alimentarios aplicada a escolares de Asunción, Paraguay / Educational-Nutritional Intervention on eating habits applied to school children of Asuncion, Paraguay

Determinados hábitos alimentarios y estilos de vida adquiridos en la infancia se asocian al riesgo de padecer en la edad adulta enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. En Paraguay, actualmente, el estado nutricional escolar representa un problema de salud pública. Es importante establecer la implementación de intervenciones educativas-nutricionales, enfocadas a la mejoría de la calidad de hábitos alimentarios, como posible estrategia para la prevención de estas enfermedades. Para evaluar cambios en la calidad de hábitos alimentarios en niños/as de 10-13 años, se llevó a cabo una intervención educativa-nutricional en la Escuela República del Brasil, Asunción-Paraguay. Este ensayo comunitario incluyó a 42 escolares y sus padres. Al inicio y final de la intervención, se estimó el peso, talla, estado nutricional, calidad de hábitos alimentarios y tipo de actividad física en estos escolares. Durante el ensayo que duró de marzo a abril del 2019, a los niños se les impartió una charla semanal de 60 minutos mientras que los padres tuvieron dos charlas, al principio y final del ensayo, donde describieron su calidad de hábitos alimentarios. Finalizada la intervención, se observó que hubo mejoras significativas en la calidad de hábitos alimentarios. Aquellos niños que inicialmente contaban con necesidad de mejorar hábitos posteriormente pasaron a una óptima calidad de hábitos alimentarios, y el mismo resultado se observó en sus padres. En conclusión, la intervención generó cambios en la calidad de hábitos alimentarios de niños, padres y madres, pudiendo establecerla como parte del programa nutricional escolar, para generar consciencia sobre los hábitos saludables y prevención de enfermedades

Certain eating habits and lifestyles acquired in childhood are associated with the risk of suffering chronic non-communicable diseases in adulthood. Currently in Paraguay, school nutritional status represents a public health problem. It is important to establish the implementation of educational-nutritional interventions focused on improving the quality of eating habits, as a possible strategy for the prevention of those diseases. In order to evaluate changes in the quality of eating habits in children who were 10-13 years old, a nutritional educational intervention was carried out in the República del Brasil School of Asunción, Paraguay. This community study included 42 children and their parents. At the beginning and end of the intervention the weight, size, nutritional status, quality of eating habits and type of physical activity were estimated in these school children. During the study, that lasted from March to April 2019, the children were given weekly talks of 60 minutes, while the parents had two talks at the beginning and end of the intervention in which they described their quality of eating habits. After the intervention, it was observed that there were significant improvements in the quality of eating habits. Those children who initially had the need to improve habits subsequently changed to an optimal quality of eating habits, and the same result was observed in their parents. In conclusion, the intervention generated changes in the quality of eating habits of these children and their parents and it was established as part of the school nutritional program in order to create awareness about healthy habits and prevention of diseases