ABSTRACT
Abstract Several reasons may underlie the dramatic increase in type2 diabetes mellitus. One of these reasons is the genetic basis and variations. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms are associated with different diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible association of two identified mutations ApaI (rs7975232) and TaqI (rs731236). Eighty-nine healthy individuals and Fifty-six Type 2 Diabetic (T2D) patients were investigated using RFLP technique for genotyping and haplotyping as well. The distribution of Apal genotypes was not statistically significant among the control (P=0.65) as well as for diabetic patients (P=0.58). For Taql allele frequencies of T allele was 0.61 where of G allele was 0.39. The frequency distribution of Taql genotypes was not statistically significant among the control (P=0.26) as well as diabetic patients (P=0.17). Relative risk of the allele T of Apa1 gene is 1.28 and the odds ratio of the same allele is 1.53, while both estimates were < 1.0 of the allele G. Similarly, with the Taq1 gene the relative risk and the odds ratio values for the allele T are 1.09 and 1.27 respectively and both estimates of the allele C were 0.86 for the relative risk and 0.79 for the odds ratio. The pairwise linkage disequilibrium between the two SNPs Taq1/apa1 was statistically significant in control group (D = 0.218, D' = 0.925 and P value < 0.001) and similar data in diabetic groups (D = 0.2, D' = 0.875 and P value < 0.001). These data suggest that the T allele of both genes Apa1 and Taq1 is associated with the increased risk of type 2 diabetes. We think that we need a larger number of volunteers to reach a more accurate conclusion.
Resumo Várias razões podem estar subjacentes ao aumento dramático da diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Um desses motivos é a base genética e variações. Os polimorfismos do receptor da vitamina D estão associados a diferentes doenças, como artrite reumatoide e diabetes. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a possível associação de duas mutações identificadas ApaI (rs7975232) e TaqI (rs731236). Oitenta e nove indivíduos saudáveis e 56 pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 (T2D) foram investigados usando a técnica RFLP para genotipagem e haplotipagem também. A distribuição dos genótipos Apal não foi estatisticamente significativa entre o controle (P = 0,65), bem como para os pacientes diabéticos (P = 0,58). Para as frequências do alelo Taql, o alelo T foi de 0,61, onde o alelo G foi de 0,39. A distribuição de frequência dos genótipos Taql não foi estatisticamente significativa entre o controle (P = 0,26), bem como os pacientes diabéticos (P = 0,17). O risco relativo do alelo T do gene Apa1 é 1,28 e a razão de chances do mesmo alelo é 1,53, enquanto ambas as estimativas foram < 1,0 do alelo G. Da mesma forma, com o gene Taq1, os valores de risco relativo e razão de chances para o alelo T são 1,09 e 1,27, respectivamente, e ambas as estimativas do alelo C foram de 0,86 para o risco relativo e 0,79 para o odds ratio. O desequilíbrio de ligação par a par entre os dois SNPs Taq1 / apa1 foi estatisticamente significativo no grupo de controle (D = 0,218, D' = 0,925 e valor P < 0,001) e dados semelhantes em grupos diabéticos (D = 0,2, D' = 0,875 e valor P < 0,001). Esses dados sugerem que o alelo T de ambos os genes Apa1 e Taq1 está associado ao aumento do risco de diabetes tipo 2. Achamos que precisamos de um número maior de voluntários para chegar a uma conclusão mais precisa.
Subject(s)
Humans , Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Saudi Arabia , Case-Control Studies , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Gene Frequency , GenotypeABSTRACT
Abstract Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is an important component of the innate immune system and have been associated with several autoimmune diseases, such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). The aim of this study was to investigate polymorphisms in TLR9 gene in a Brazilian SLE patients group and their association with clinical manifestation, particularly Jaccoud's arthropathy (JA). We analyzed DNA samples from 204 SLE patients, having a subgroup of them presenting JA (n=24). A control group (n=133) from the same city was also included. TLR9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (−1237 C>T and +2848 G>A) were identified by sequencing analysis. The TLR9 gene genotype frequency was similar both in SLE patients and the control group. In the whole SLE population, an association between the homozygosis of allele C at position −1237 with psychosis and anemia (p < 0.01) was found. Likewise, the homozygosis of allele G at position +2848 was associated with a discoid rash (p < 0.05). There was no association between JA and TLR9 polymorphisms. These data show that TLR9 polymorphisms do not seem to be a predisposing factor for SLE in the Brazilian population, and that SNPs are not associated with JA.
Resumo O receptor Toll-like 9 (TLR9) é um componente importante do sistema imunológico inato e tem sido associado a várias doenças autoimunes, como o Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico (LES). O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar polimorfismos no gene TLR9 em um grupo de pacientes brasileiros com LES e sua associação com a manifestação clínica, particularmente a artropatia de Jaccoud (JA). Foram analisadas amostras de DNA de 204 pacientes com LES, e um subgrupo com JA (n=24). Um grupo de controle (n=133) da mesma cidade também foi incluído. Os polimorfismos de nucleotídeos únicos TLR9 (SNPs) (−1237 C>T e +2848 G>A) foram identificados pela análise de sequenciamento. A frequência do genótipo genético TLR9 foi semelhante tanto em pacientes com LES quanto no grupo controle. Em toda a população de LES, foi encontrada associação entre a homozigose do alelo C na posição −1237 com psicose e anemia (p < 0,01). Da mesma forma, a homozigose do alelo G na posição +2848 foi associada a uma erupção cutânea discoide (p < 0,05). Não houve associação entre polimorfismos JA e TLR9. Esses dados mostram que os polimorfismos TLR9 não parecem ser um fator predisponível para o LES na população brasileira, e que os SNPs não estão associados ao JA.
Subject(s)
Humans , Toll-Like Receptor 9/genetics , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics , Brazil , Pilot Projects , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Gene Frequency/geneticsABSTRACT
Introdução: o gene NELL1 codifica a proteína semelhante ao fator de crescimento epidérmico (do inglês Epidermal Growth factor (EGF)-like). GWASs e estudos de associação com genes candidatos têm sido utilizados para estabelecer a conexão entre polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único (SNP) no NELL1 e diversas doenças. Objetivo: descrever a frequência alélica e o potencial regulatório dos polimorfismos do gene NELL1, estudados em uma população de Salvador (Bahia, Brasil) e descrever a frequência desses polimorfismos e a associação com diversas doenças, em populações africana, ameríndia, asiática e europeia. Metodologia: 1094 participantes foram recrutados através do Programa de Controle da Asma e da Rinite Alérgica no Estado da Bahia (ProAR). Os indivíduos tiveram o DNA genômico extraído e genotipado, utilizando-se a plataforma Illumina. Os SNP foram consultados através da plataforma SeattleSec Annotation. As bases de dados NCBI, RegulomeDB e Haploview 4.2 foram utilizadas para as análises. Resultados: foram analisados 346 SNPs do gene NELL1. Desses, 53 SNPs tiveram o MAF variando entre 50% e 40% e função intrônica. Os SNPs rs10833465 (alelo A), rs908944 (alelo C), rs1516766 (alelo A), rs10766739 (alelo G) e rs11025878 (alelo G) apresentam uma pontuação de 3, de acordo com o banco do RegulomeDB. O SNP rs7117671, com pontuação 2b, pode ter impacto regulatório e funcional. 101 SNPs apresentaram o MAF entre 39% e 20%. Dos polimorfismos menos frequentes nessa população, 192 apresentaram um MAF entre 19% e 2%. Discussão: alguns SNPs, com diferentes frequências, apresentaram alta probabilidade de impacto funcional. Foram encontrados, na literatura, estudos de associação dos SNPs e osteoporose, doenças metabólicas, condições inflamatórias, doenças neuropsiquiátricas e tumores malignos. Conclusão: ospolimorfismos do gene NELL1 estudados apresentaram diferentes frequências na população desse estudo e tiveram seus alelos associados a doenças em diferentes populações. Sugere-se que sejam realizados mais estudos.
Introduction: the NELL1 gene encodes the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like protein. GWASs and association studies with candidate genes have been used to establish the connection between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in NELL1 and various diseases. Objective: to describe the allele frequency and regulatory potential of NELL1 gene polymorphisms studied in a population from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; and to describe the frequency of these polymorphisms, and the association with various diseases, in African, Amerindian, Asian and European populations. Methodology: one thousand and ninety-four (1094) participants were recruited through the Program for the Control of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis in the State of Bahia (ProAR). Individuals had their genomic DNA extracted and genotyped using the Illumina platform. The SNPs were consulted through the SeattleSec Annotation platform. The NCBI, RegulomeDB and Haploview 4.2 databases were used for the analyses. Results: four hundred and seventy-three (346) NELL1 gene SNPs were analyzed. Of these, 53 SNPs had MAF ranging between 50% and 40% and intronic function. The SNPs rs10833465 (A allele), rs908944 (C allele), rs1516766 (A allele), rs10766739 (G allele) and rs11025878 (G allele) showed a score of 3, according to the RegulomeDB database. SNP rs7117671, with score 2b, may have regulatory and functional impact. One hundred and eighteen (101) SNPs presented MAF between 39% and 20%. Of the less frequent polymorphisms in this population, 192 had a MAF between 19% and 2%. Discussion: some SNPs, with different frequencies, presented a high probability of functional impact. Studies on the association of SNPs and osteoporosis, metabolic diseases, inflammatory conditions, neuropsychiatric diseases and malignant tumors were found in the literature. Conclusion: the NELL1 gene polymorphisms studied showed different frequencies in the population of this study and had their alleles associated with diseases in different populations. It is suggested that further studies be carried out.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , DNA , Genetic Markers , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Gene Frequency , Asthma , Rhinitis, AllergicABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction The pro-inflammatory immune response underlies severe cases of COVID-19. Antigens of the Duffy blood group systems are receptors for pro-inflammation chemokines. The ACKR1 c.-67T>C gene variation silences the expression of Duffy antigens on erythrocytes and individuals presenting this variant in homozygosity have impaired inflammatory response control. Our aim was to evaluate the association between the ACKR1 c.-67T>C and the severity of COVID-19. Methods This was a retrospective single-center case-control study, enrolling 164 participants who were divided into four groups: 1) Death: COVID-19 patients who died during hospitalization; 2) Hospital Discharge: COVID-19 patients who were discharged for home after hospitalizations; 3) Convalescent Plasma Donors: COVID-19 patients who were not hospitalized, and; 4) Controls: patients with diagnosis other than COVID-19. Patients were genotyped for the ACKR1 c.-67T>C (FY*02 N.01 allele) and the frequency of individuals presenting the altered allele was compared between the groups. Results The groups significantly differed in terms of the percentage of patients presenting at least one FY*02N.01 allele: 36.8% (Death group), 37% (Hospital Discharge group), 16.1% (Convalescent Plasma group) and 16.2% (Control group) (p= 0.027). The self-declared race (p < 0.001) and the occurrence of in hospital death (p= 0.058) were independently associated with the presence of the FY*02N.01 allele. Hypertension (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001) and the presence of at least one FY*02N.01 allele (p= 0.009) were independently associated with the need for hospitalization. Conclusion There is a suggestive association between the presence of the FY*02N.01 and the severity of COVID-19. This may be a mechanism underlying the worse prognosis for Afro-descendants infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Duffy Blood-Group System , COVID-19 , Chemokines , Gene Frequency/geneticsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The frequency of the premutation alleles of the FMR1 gene varies from 1:100 to 1:260 Israeli, Canadian, Finnish and American women, but it is unknown in Brazil. Premutation carriers may have reduced reproductive age and are at risk of transmitting the expanded allele to their offspring, and consequently fragile X syndrome. OBJECTIVE: To observe the distribution range of the FMR1 gene alleles in a population of women with idiopathic infertility, without symptoms of premature ovarian insufficiency. METHODS: The presence of premutation in FMR1 was assessed by conventional PCR, agarose, and acrylamide gel and analysis of fragments in capillary electrophoresis. Lymphocyte DNA obtained from 283 women undergoing infertility treatment was analyzed. RESULTS: 169 patients had the normal heterozygous allele (59.7%), 114 had the normal homozygous allele (40.6%) and no patient had the premutation. Premature ovarian insufficiency is seen in 20 to 30% of women with the permutated allele. Thus, the condition can be asymptomatic in a large part of the premutation carriers. Brazil has a diverse population and, therefore, the allele frequencies of many gene variants are unknown. Previous Brazilian studies have shown a low frequency of the premutation allele in different patient cohorts. Corroborating these articles, the results demonstrated that the frequency of the premutation allele is low in the infertile women population studied. CONCLUSION: Tracking the size of the FMR1 gene alleles allows the expansion of knowledge about the frequency of risk alleles associated with genetic diseases in the Brazilian population.
INTRODUÇÃO: A frequência dos alelos pré-mutados do gene FMR1 varia de 1:100 e 1:260 mulheres israelenses, canadenses, finlandesas e americanas, mas é desconhecida no Brasil. Portadoras da pré-mutação podem apresentar redução da idade reprodutiva e possuem risco de transmissão do alelo expandido para a prole, e consequentemente a Síndrome do X frágil. OBJETIVO: Observar a faixa de distribuição dos alelos do gene FMR1 em uma população de mulheres com infertilidade idiopática, sem sintomas de insuficiência ovariana prematura. MÉTODOS: A presença da pré-mutação em FMR1 foi avaliada por PCR convencional, gel de agarose e acrilamida e análise de fragmentos em eletroforese capilar. Analisou-se DNA de linfócitos obtidos de 283 mulheres em tratamento de infertilidade. RESULTADOS: Foi observado que 169 pacientes apresentam o alelo heterozigoto normal (59,7%), 114 apresentam o alelo homozigoto normal (40,6%) e nenhuma paciente apresentou a pré-mutação. A insuficiência ovariana prematura é observada em 20 a 30% das mulheres portadoras do alelo pré-mutado. Assim, a presença de um alelo pré-mutado pode ser assintomática em grande parte dos casos. O Brasil possui uma população diversificada e, portanto, as frequências alélicas de muitas variantes gênicas são desconhecidas. Estudos brasileiros anteriores mostraram uma baixa frequência do alelo pré-mutado em diferentes coortes de pacientes. Corroborando estes autores, os resultados demonstram que frequência do alelo pré-mutado é baixa na população de mulheres inférteis estudada. CONCLUSÃO: O rastreamento do tamanho dos alelos do gene FMR1 permite ampliar o conhecimento sobre a frequência dos alelos de risco para doenças genética na população brasileira.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Primary Ovarian Insufficiency , Alleles , Gene Frequency , Infertility, Female , Fragile X Syndrome , MutationABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: The AKR1B1 gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of glucose into sorbitol. Chronic hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to increased AKR1B1 affinity for glucose and, consequently, sorbitol accumulation. Elevated sorbitol increases oxidative stress, which is one of the main pathways related to chronic complications of diabetes, including diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Accordingly, some studies have suggested the rs759853 polymorphism in the AKR1B1 gene is associated with DKD; however, findings are still contradictory. The aim was to investigate the association of the rs759853 polymorphism in the AKR1B1 gene and DKD. Materials and methods: The sample comprised 695 patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) and DKD (cases) and 310 patients with T2DM of more than 10 years' duration, but no DKD (controls). The polymorphism was genotyped by real-time PCR. Results: Allelic and genotype frequencies of this polymorphism did not differ significantly between groups. However, the A/A genotype was associated with risk for DKD after adjustment for gender, triglycerides, BMI, presence of hypertension and diabetic retinopathy, and duration of DM, under both recessive (P = 0.048) and additive (P = 0.037) inheritance models. Conclusion: Our data suggest an association between the AKR1B1 rs759853A/A genotype and risk for DKD in Brazilians T2DM patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aldehyde Reductase/genetics , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics , Diabetic Nephropathies/complications , Diabetic Nephropathies/genetics , Case-Control Studies , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Alleles , Gene Frequency , GenotypeABSTRACT
Due to the virtues of no stutter peaks, low rates of mutation, and short amplicon sizes, insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphism is an indispensable tool for analyzing degraded DNA samples from crime scenes for human identifications (Wang et al., 2021). Herein, a self-developed panel of 43 InDel loci constructed previously by our group was utilized to evaluate the genetic diversities and explore the genetic background of the Han Chinese from Beijing (HCB) including 301 random healthy individuals. The lengths of amplicons at 43 InDel loci in this panel ranged from 87 to 199 bp, which indicated that the panel could be used as an effective tool to utilize highly degraded DNA samples for human identity testing. The loci in this panel were validated and performed well for forensic degraded DNA samples (Jin et al., 2021). The combined discrimination power (PD) and combined probability of exclusion (PE) values in this panel indicated that the 43 InDel loci could be used as the candidate markers in personal identification and parentage testing of HCB. In addition, population genetic relationships between the HCB and 26 reference populations from five continents based on 19 overlapped InDel loci were displayed by constructing a phylogenetic tree, principal component analysis (PCA), and population genetic structure analysis. The results illustrated that the HCB had closer genetic relationships with the Han populations from Chinese different regions.
Subject(s)
Beijing , China , Forensic Genetics/methods , Gene Frequency , Genetics, Population , Humans , INDEL Mutation , PhylogenyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the association of molecular genetic polymorphism of KIR-HLA systems with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) in southern Chinese Han.@*METHODS@#A total number of 323 cases of adult ALL patients, 350 adult AML, and 745 random healthy controls were tested by KIR PCR-SSP and HLA-A, -B, -C sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT) methods. The molecular genetic polymorphisms of KIR genes and KIR gene profiles, classⅠ HLA ligands, and KIR receptor +HLA ligand combinations were compared between patient and healthy control groups.@*RESULTS@#A total number of 32 and 33 different kinds of KIR profiles were identified in the ALL and AML patient groups. Compared with the observed frequencies of KIR profiles in healthy controls, the observed frequencies of KIR profile AA1 were significantly lower in both the ALL and AML groups (ALL group: 45.79% vs. 55.30%, Pc=0.004; AML group: 48.27% vs. 55.30%, Pc=0.030). In the ALL group, the observed frequencies of 2DL2 gene and 2DL2+HLA-C1 combination, 2DS2 gene and 2DS2+HLA-C1 combination were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (P<0.05), whereas the frequencies of 2DL3 gene, HLA-A3/A11 ligand and 3DL2+HLA-A3/A11 combination were significantly lower than those in healthy controls. However, no significant differences remained after Bonferroni correction (Pc>0.05). In AML group, the observed frequencies of both 2DS1 and 2DL5 genes were significantly higher than that in healthy controls, whereas the frequencies of HLA-C2 ligand and 2DL1+HLA-C2 combination were significantly lower than that in healthy controls(P<0.05). However, no significant difference existed after Bonferroni correction (Pc>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#This study revealed some potential susceptibility or protective factors related to acute leukemia in southern Chinese Han, especially the protective factor KIR profile AA1, which might provide new clues and theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of acute leukemia and individualized immunotherapy.
Subject(s)
Adult , China , Gene Frequency , Genotype , HLA-A3 Antigen/genetics , Humans , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics , Ligands , Polymorphism, Genetic , Receptors, KIR/geneticsABSTRACT
Genetic factors play a key role in human athletic ability, and endurance quality and explosive power quality are the important components of athletic ability. In this review, we aimed to reveal the biological genetic mechanism of human athletic ability at the molecular level through summarizing the relationship between genetic variants and human athletic ability, including endurance quality related genetic markers angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene, creatine kinase MM (CKMM) gene and explosive power quality related genetic markers alpha actinin 3 (ACTN3) gene, angiotensinogen (AGT) gene and interleukin6 (IL6) gene. Meanwhile, we also summarized the distribution of allele frequencies among various populations.
Subject(s)
Actinin/genetics , Athletic Performance , Gene Frequency , Genetic Markers , Genotype , Humans , Polymorphism, GeneticABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To study the polymorphism of human platelet antigen (HPA) system 10 among ethnic Han Chinese from Shandong, China so as to supplement the data of platelet donor bank in the region.@*METHODS@#Peripheral blood samples of platelet donors from the region were genotyped for HPA-10 alleles by PCR-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) and direct sequencing.@*RESULTS@#Among 1401 donors, a rare heterozygote carrier of HPA-10w (a+b+) was identified, which gave an allelic frequency of approximately 0.035%.@*CONCLUSION@#The detection of rare HPA-10bw antigen allele among ethnic Han Chinese from Shandong is useful for the diagnosis and prevention of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and post-transfusion purpura in the region.
Subject(s)
Alleles , Antigens, Human Platelet/genetics , Asian People/genetics , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Polymorphism, GeneticABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the correlation of cytochrome B-245 alpha chain (CYBA) rs4673 and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) rs12720922 polymorphisms with the susceptibility of gene-ralized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP).@*METHODS@#The study was a case-control trial. A total of 372 GAgP patients and 133 periodontally healthy controls were recruited. The CYBA rs4673 and CETP rs12720922 polymorphisms were detected by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Logistic regression models were used to analyze the correlation of CYBA rs4673 and CETP rs12720922 variants with the susceptibility of GAgP. The interaction between the two gene polymorphisms to the susceptibility of GAgP was analyzed by the likelihood ratio test. The interaction model adopted was the multiplication model.@*RESULTS@#The mean age of GAgP group and control group was (27.5±5.2) years and (28.8±7.1) years respectively. There was significant difference in age between the two groups (P < 0.05). The gender distribution (male/female) was 152/220 and 53/80 respectively, and there was no significant difference between GAgP group and controls (P>0.05). For CYBA rs4673, the frequency of CT/TT genotype in the GAgP group was significantly higher than that in the controls [18.0% (66/366) vs. 10.6% (14/132), P < 0.05]. After adjusting age and gender, the individuals with CT/TT genotype had a higher risk of GAgP (OR=1.86, 95%CI: 1.01-3.45, P < 0.05), compared with CC genotype. There was no statistically significant difference in distributions of the CETP rs12720922 genotypes (GG, AA/AG) between GAgP patients and healthy controls (P>0.05). A significant interaction between CYBA rs4673 and CETP rs12720922 in the susceptibility to GAgP was observed. The GAgP risk of the individuals with CYBA rs4673 CT/TT and CETP rs12720922 GG genotypes was significantly increased (OR=3.25, 95%CI: 1.36-7.75, P < 0.01), compared with those carrying CC and AA/AG genotypes.@*CONCLUSION@#CYBA rs4673 CT/TT genotype is associated with GAgP susceptibility. There is a significant interaction between CYBA rs4673 CT/TT genotype and CETP rs12720922 GG genotype in the susceptibility of GAgP.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aggressive Periodontitis/genetics , Case-Control Studies , Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins/genetics , Cytochrome b Group , Female , Gene Frequency , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , Humans , Male , NADPH Oxidases/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Young AdultABSTRACT
Objective: Due to genetic factors might increase the risk of depression, this study investigated the genetic risk factors of depression in Chinese Han population by analyzing the association between 13 candidate genes and depression. Methods: 439 depression patients and 464 healthy controls were included in this case-control study. Case group consisted of 158 males and 281 females, aged (29.84±14.91) years old, who were hospitalized in three departments of the affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University including Affective Disorders Department, Adult Psychiatry Department and Geriatrics Department, from February 2020 to September 2021. The control group consisted of 196 males and 268 females, aged (30.65±12.63) years old. 20 loci of 13 candidate genes in all subjects were detected by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Age difference was compared using the student's t-test, the distributions of gender and genotype were analyzed with Pearson's Chi-square test. The analyses of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, allele frequency and the genetic association of depression were conducted using the corresponding programs in PLINK software. Results: PLINK analysis showed that SCN2A rs17183814, ABCB1 rs1045642, CYP2C19*3 rs4986893 and NAT2*5A rs1799929 were associated with depression before Bonferroni correction (χ2=10.340, P=0.001; χ2=11.010, P=0.001; χ2=9.781, P=0.002; χ2=4.481, P=0.034). The frequencies of minor alleles of above loci in the control group were 12.07%, 43.64%, 2.59% and 3.88%, respectively. The frequencies of minor alleles of loci mentioned above in the case group were 17.43%, 35.99%, 5.47% and 6.04%, respectively. OR values were 1.538, 0.726, 2.178 and 1.592, respectively. After 1 000 000 permutation tests using Max(T) permutation procedure, the four loci were still statistically significant, the empirical P-value were 0.002, 0.001, 0.003 and 0.042, respectively. However, only three loci including SCN2A rs17183814, ABCB1 rs1045642 and CYP2C19 rs4986893 had statistical significance after Bonferroni correction, the adjusted P-value were 0.026, 0.018 and 0.035, respectively. Conclusion: SCN2A rs17183814, ABCB1 rs1045642 and CYP2C19*3 rs4986893 were associated with depression's susceptibility in Chinese Han population. The A allele of SCN2A rs17183814 and CYP2C19*3 rs4986893 were risk factors for depression, while the T allele of ABCB1 rs1045642 was a protective factor for depression.
Subject(s)
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Alleles , Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase/genetics , Case-Control Studies , Clopidogrel , Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19/genetics , Depressive Disorder, Major/genetics , Female , Gene Frequency , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , Humans , Male , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Young AdultABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: As studies have reported the involvement of angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT-2) in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR), the aim of this study was to investigate the association between the ANGPT-2 rs2442598 polymorphism and DR. Materials and methods: This case-control study comprised 107 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and DR (cases) and 129 patients with T1DM without DR (controls) and with ≥ 10 years of DM. The ANGPT-2 rs2442598 (G/A) polymorphism was genotyped by real-time PCR using TaqMan MGB probes. Results: Genotype distributions of this polymorphism were consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The frequency of the rs2442598 A allele was higher in cases compared to controls (p = 0.011). Moreover, the A/A genotype was more frequent in cases than in controls (p = 0.017) and was associated with risk for DR after adjustments for duration of DM, HbA1c, triglycerides, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 5.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21-22.27). This association was maintained under recessive (OR = 4.78, 95% CI 1.14-19.99) and additive (OR = 6.861, 95% CI 1.45-32.38) inheritance models. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated, for the first time, an association between the ANGPT-2 rs2442598 A allele and risk for DR in T1DM patients from southern Brazil. Additional studies are necessary to replicate this association in other populations.
Subject(s)
Humans , Angiopoietin-2/genetics , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics , Diabetic Retinopathy/genetics , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Gene Frequency , GenotypeABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Background: The genetic predisposition to multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with HLA alleles, especially HLA-DRB1*15:01. Objective: To identify associations between findings in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and genetic features in a Brazilian cohort of patients with MS. Methods: We retrospectively studied data from 95 consecutive patients with MS. Two independent observers who were blinded to the clinical data identified black holes and enhanced lesions on T1 MRI sequences, and counted and measured contrast-enhanced lesions on T2 and Flair (fluid attenuation inversion recovery) sequences. Cases were classified according to lesion size, number, and volume. The HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1, and HLA-DQA1 alleles, and the rs4774, rs3087456, rs6897932, rs731236, and rs1033182 single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified by polymerase chain reaction amplification with sequence-specific primers using the One Lambda Inc. Kit, Canoga Park, CA, USA. Results: Patients with the HLA-DQA1*04:01 allele had lesion load (adjusted for age, sex, and MS duration) above median compared with patients with other HLA-DQA1 alleles (p=0.02). There were no differences among all the other HLA alleles and single nucleotide polymorphisms and lesion load. Conclusions: The correlation of the HLA-DQA1*04:01 allele with a higher lesion load on T2/Flair MRI sequences suggests that the presence of this allele is associated with the risk of greater MS severity.
RESUMO Antecedentes: A predisposição genética para a esclerose múltipla (EM) está associada a alelos HLA, principalmente o HLA-DRB1*15:01. Objetivo: Identificar associações entre lesões na ressonância magnética e características genéticas em uma coorte brasileira de pacientes com EM. Métodos: Estudamos retrospectivamente os dados de 95 pacientes consecutivos com EM. Dois observadores independentes que desconheciam os dados clínicos identificaram "black holes" e lesões realçadas pelo contraste nas sequências de ressonância magnética T1 e contaram e mediram as lesões nas sequências T2 e FLAIR (fluid attenuated inversion recovery). Os casos foram classificados de acordo com tamanho, número e volume da lesão. Os alelos HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1 e HLA-DQA1 e os polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único rs4774, rs3087456, rs6897932, rs731236 e rs1033182 foram identificados por amplificação de reação em cadeia da polimerase com iniciadores específicos de sequência usando o kit One Lambda Inc., Canoga Park, CA, EUA. Resultados: Os pacientes com alelo HLA-DQA1*04:01 apresentaram carga de lesão (ajustada para idade, sexo e duração da EM) acima da mediana em comparação com outros pacientes com demais alelos HLA-DQA1 (p=0,02). Não houve diferenças entre todos os outros alelos HLA e polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único e carga lesional. Conclusões: A correlação do alelo HLA-DQA1*04:01 com maior carga de lesão nas sequências de RM em T2 sugere que a presença desse alelo pode estar associada ao risco de maior gravidade da EM.
Subject(s)
Humans , HLA-DQ alpha-Chains/genetics , Multiple Sclerosis/genetics , Multiple Sclerosis/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Retrospective Studies , Genes, MHC Class II , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Alleles , HLA-DQ beta-Chains , HLA-DRB1 Chains/genetics , Gene FrequencyABSTRACT
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether TCF7L2 gene mutation rs7903146 is in association with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS A total of 44 PCOS and 48 control participants were recruited for this study. After DNA extraction from peripheral blood, quantitative PCR method was used for genotyping. With a case-control study design, two groups were compared for genotype and allele frequencies as well as clinical characteristics. RESULTS Mean testosterone level was significantly higher in PCOS group, whereas mean progesterone level was significantly higher in control group. In PCOS group, mean thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level was significantly higher in polymorphic allele carriers. Genotype and allele frequencies were not different between groups. CONCLUSIONS When investigated for the first time in a population from Turkey, no association between PCOS and TCF7L2 gene rs7903146 polymorphism was detected. However, considering contradictory results of other populations and low cohort scale of this study, replication studies with greater cohorts are needed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/genetics , Turkey , Case-Control Studies , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein/genetics , Gene Frequency , Genotype , MutationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore genetic polymorphisms of the CCKAR gene and their relationship with the growth and development of Qinchuan cattle which could be used as molecular markers for the improvement of the breeding of Qinchuan cattle. RESULTS: Here, we have identified seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at loci g. 1463 C>G; g. 1532 T>A; g. 1570 G>A; g. 1594 C>A; g. 1640 T>C; g. 1677 G>C; and g. 1735 C>T in the coding region of the bovine CCKAR gene. The frequencies identified on allelic and genotypic characteristics have shown that all seven SNPs diverged from the Hardy-Weinberg-Equilibrium. The SNP2, SNP3, SNP6 and SNP7 had the lowest polymorphism information content values, and remaining SNPs were found to be moderate (0.25 < PIC < 0.50). The genotype CG in SNP1 at loci g.1463 C>G had the greatest association with WH, HW, CD and CCF, while the genotype TA at the very same loci was associated with BFT, ULA and IMF content in Qinchuan cattle. The CCKAR gene expression level in adipose tissue, small intestine, liver and skeleton muscle was found to be higher, whereas, the expression level of mRNA in organs of other digestive system including reticulum, abomasum and omasum was moderate. Some expression of CCKAR mRNA was found in the large intestine, kidney and rumen. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, our finding suggested that the CCKAR gene could be used as a potential candidate for the improvement of carcass quality and body measurements of Qinchuan cattle.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cattle/genetics , Receptor, Cholecystokinin A/genetics , Genetic Variation , Linkage Disequilibrium , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Digestive System , Livestock , Genotyping Techniques , Gene Frequency , Meat ProductsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Transmembrane protein 95 (TMEM95) plays a role in male fertility. Previous studies showed that genes with a significant impact on reproductive traits can also affect the growth traits of livestock. Thus, we speculated that the genetic variation of TMEM95 gene may have effects on growth traits of cattle. RESULTS: Two SNPs were genotyped. The rs136174626 and rs41904693 were in the intron 4 and 30 -untranslated region, respectively. The linkage disequilibrium analysis illustrated that these two loci were not linked. The rs136174626 was associated with six growth traits of Nanyang cattle, four traits of Luxi cattle, and three traits of Ji'an cattle. For rs41904693 locus, the GG individuals had greater body height and abdominal girth in Ji' an cattle than TT and TG individuals. In Jinnan cattle, GG and TT individuals had greater body height, height at hip cross, body length, and heart girth than TG individuals. The potential splice site prediction results suggest that the rs136174626 may influence the splicing efficiency of TMEM95, and the miRNA binding site prediction results showed that the rs41904693 may influence the expression of TMEM95 by affecting the binding efficiency of Bta-miR-1584 and TMEM95 30 -UTR. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study suggested that the two SNPs in TMEM95 could be a reliable basis for molecular breeding in cattle.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Cattle/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Genetic Variation , Cattle/growth & development , DNA Shuffling , Livestock , Genotyping Techniques , Gene FrequencyABSTRACT
Abstract Background: Preeclampsia is a multiorgan disorder associated with maternal and perinatal morbi-mortality. In Peru, incidence is 10% and accounts for 22% of maternal deaths. Genome and genetic epidemiological studies have found an association between preeclampsia and genetic polymorphisms. Objective: To determine the association of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) +936 C/T and +405 G/C, interleukine-6 (IL-6) -174 G/C, IL-1β-511 C/T, Apo A-1-75 G/A, Apo B-100 2488 C/T (Xbal) polymorphisms with preeclampsia in pregnant Peruvian women. Methods: Were included preeclamptic and healthy (control) pregnant women. Maternal blood samples were subjected to DNA extraction, and molecular genetic analysis was conducted using the PCR-RFLP technique and following a specific protocol for each gene. Allele and genotypic frequencies in the cases and controls were compared. Results: No association was found between the VEGF+936C/T and VEGF+405 polymorphisms and preeclampsia. The frequencies of the GG genotypes and the G allele of the -174 G/C polymorphism in the IL6 gene in preeclamptic and controls showed significant differences, with higher frequencies in cases. For the -511 C/T polymorphism of the IL-1β gene, no significant differences were found in the frequencies of TT genotypes compared with CT+CC. The genotypes and alleles of the Apo-A1-75 G/A and Apo-B100 Xbal variants showed no significant differences between cases and controls. Conclusion: No association was found between the studied genetic markers and preeclampsia. However, in the -174G/C polymorphism of the IL-6 gene, significant differences were found mainly in the GG genotype and G allele.
Resumen Antecedentes: La preeclampsia es un trastorno multiorgánico asociado con la morbi-mortalidad materna y perinatal. En el Perú, su incidencia es del 10% y causa el 22% de las muertes maternas. Se encontró una asociación entre la preeclampsia y ciertos polimorfismos. Objetivo: Determinar asociación entre los polimorfismos genéticos del factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular (VEGF) +936 C/T y +405 G/C, interleucina-6 (IL-6) -174G/C, IL-1β -511 C/T, Apo A-1 -75 G/A, Apo B-100 2488 C/T (Xbal), y preeclampsia en gestantes peruanas. Métodos: Se incluyeron gestantes preeclámpticas y sanas (controles). Las muestras de sangre fueron procesadas para extracción del ADN, y el análisis se realizó con la técnica PCR-RFLP con protocolos específicos para cada gen y confirmación con secuenciamiento Sanger. Se compararon las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas en los casos (preeclampsia) y los controles. Resultados: No se halló asociación entre los polimorfismos VEGF+936-C/T y VEGF+405 y la preeclampsia. Las frecuencias de los genotipos GG y el alelo G del polimorfismo -174-G/C en el gen IL6 en preeclámpticas y controles, mostraron diferencias significativas, con frecuencias más altas en los casos. Para el polimorfismo -511-C/T del gen IL-1β, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en las frecuencias de genotipos TT comparados con CT+CC. Los genotipos y alelos de las variantes Apo-A1-75-G/A y Apo-B100 Xbal no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos Conclusión: No se encontró asociación entre los marcadores genéticos estudiados y la preeclampsia. Sin embargo, el polimorfismo -174-G/C en el gen IL6 mostró diferencias significativas principalmente en el genotipo GG y el alelo G.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Pre-Eclampsia , Peru/epidemiology , Pre-Eclampsia/genetics , Pre-Eclampsia/epidemiology , Genetic Markers , Case-Control Studies , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics , Gene Frequency , GenotypeABSTRACT
Abstract The aim of this study was to estimate allelic and genotypic frequencies of markers in the leptin (LEP), pituitary transcription factor (PIT-1) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) genes and evaluate their effects on reproductive traits and milk yield of Holstein cattle. Data from 147 cows from department of Francisco Morazán, Honduras, were collected and PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) assays were performed to characterize the PIT-1-HinfI, LEP- A59V and LHR-rs41256848 polymorphisms. To estimate the effect of genotypes on reproductive traits and milk yield fixed and mixed linear models were fitted. The frequencies of the genotypes CC, CT and TT of A59V, AA, AB and BB of HinfI, and CC, CG and GG of rs41256848 were 0.46, 0.33 and, 0.21; 0.09, 0.32 and 0.58; and 0.37, 0.61 and 0.02, respectively. The genotypes of LEP and LHR showed deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The A59V polymorphism was significantly associated with the calving to conception interval (CCI) (p=0.01), being the C allele favorable. The HinfI and rs41256848 polymorphism were significantly associated (p=0.08 and p=0.04) with age to first calving (AFC), being the A and G the alleles favorable associated, respectively. The results suggest that LEP, PIT and LHR polymorphisms can probably act as candidate to be used in marker-assisted selection for AFC and CCI traits.
Subject(s)
Luteinizing Hormone , Leptin , Genetic Profile , Gene Frequency/physiology , Reproduction , Cattle , Polymerase Chain Reaction/instrumentationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To report on a patient with congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) due to a missense variant of LMNA gene and explore its pathogenicity.@*METHODS@#The 1-year-and-1-month-old boy has presented with motor development delay and elevation of muscle enzymes for more than half a year. Congenital myopathy was suspected. Following muscle biopsy, HE staining, immunostaining and electron microscopy were conducted to clarify the clinical diagnosis. Meanwhile, DNA was extracted from the child and his parents' peripheral venous blood samples. Trio-whole exome sequencing (trio-WES) was carried out to detect pathogenic variant in the child. Candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing and bioinformatic analysis.@*RESULTS@#Both light and electron microscopy showed a large area of necrotic muscle tissues with infiltration of inflammatory cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed a large amount of muscle cells to be diffusely positive for Dysferlin. The patient's motor delays, elevations of muscle enzymes and histopathological results suggested a clinical diagnosis of CMD. A de novo missense c.1072G>A (p.E358K) variant was detected in the LMNA gene by trio-WES. The variant was unreported previously (PS2) and was absent from major allele frequency databases (PM2). It was a loss of function variant and was considered as hotspot variant in the LMNA gene (PM1) as the amino acid (E), located in position 358, was highly conserved, and change of this amino acid was found to cause destruction of the filament domain (AA: 30-386), which may result in serious damage to the intermediate filament protein. Furthermore, c.1072G>A (p. E358K) in LMNA gene was also predicted to be pathogenic based on MutationTaster, PROVEAN and PolyPhen-2 (PP3) analysis. According to the guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the variant was classified to be likely pathogenic (PS2+PM1+PM2+PP3).@*CONCLUSION@#The child's condition may be attributed to the de novo missense c.1072 G>A (p.E358K) variant of the LMNA gene. Above discovery has expanded the variant spectrum of the LMNA gene.