A case of acute carbon monoxide poisoning with secondary intestinal obstruction and thrombosis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Acute carbon monoxide poisoning can cause multiple organ damage due to hypoxia. In severe cases, it can be life-threatening and has a high fatality rate. Intestinal obstruction and thrombosis are rare complications of carbon monoxide poisoning. A case of carbon monoxide poisoning was reported. In addition to the central nervous system lesion, intestinal obstruction and lower limb thrombosis were also found. In the treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning patients, the clinician was able to treat the common complications, attention should be paid to gastrointestinal tract, thrombotic disease and other rare complications, so as to avoid missed diagnosis.

Síndrome de bouveret, una forma infrecuente de íleo biliar: a propósito de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Bouveret syndrome, a rare presentation of biliary ileus: case report and literature review

El íleo biliar es una complicación poco frecuente de la colelitiasis o colecistitis litiásica, aparece en menos del 1-3% de los pacientes con estas enfermedades, se define como una obstrucción intestinal mecánica debido a la impactación de uno o más cálculos biliares dentro del tracto gastrointestinal. Ubicaciones menos comunes incluyen estómago y duodeno (síndrome de Bouveret) y el colon. El diagnóstico del síndrome de Bouveret (SB) suele iniciar con una radiografía simple de abdomen; la ecografía abdominal confirma el síndrome de Bouveret si revela neumobilia y ubicación ectópica del cálculo biliar, sin embargo, en la mayoría de los casos se necesita una tomografía computarizada que permite una evaluación completa.Caso Clínico : Se presenta caso de masculino de 57 años de edad quien 8 días previo a su ingreso presenta dolor abdominal en epigastrio de moderada intensidad acompañado de pirosis, halitosis, náuseas, vómitos, intolerancia a la vía oral y ausencia de evacuaciones; acude inicialmente a gastroenterólogo que realiza endoscopia digestiva superior encontrando una imagen de obstrucción a nivel de primera porción de duodeno, motivo por el cual refiere a servicio de cirugía general donde es intervenido quirúrgicamente, se diagnostica el SB realizando gastrotomía, extracción del lito y piloroplastia, presentando adecuada evolución postoperatoria.Conclusión : El SB es un diagnóstico raro que afecta a <0,5% de los pacientes con cálculos biliares por lo que requiere un grado extremadamente alto de sospecha para el diagnóstico y puede observarse de manera incidental en estudios de imágenes en pacientes que presentan síntomas de obstrucción del vaciamiento gástrico(AU)

Biliary ileus is a rare complication of cholelithiasis or lithiasic cholecystitis, appearing in less than 1 to 3% of patients with these diseases, it is a mechanical intestinal obstruction due to the impaction of one or more gallstones within the gastrointestinal tract. Less common locations include the stomach and duodenum (Bouveret syndrome) and the colon. For the diagnosis of Bouveret's syndrome (BS) the initial step is usually a simple abdominal X-ray, while an abdominal ultrasound confirms Bouveret's syndrome if it reveals pneumobilia and ectopic location of the gallstone, in most cases a computed tomography (CT) scan is needed for diagnosis and full evaluation.Clinical Case: We present the clinical case of a 57-year-old male who 8 days prior to his admission presented with moderate intensity abdominal pain in the epigastrium accompanied by heartburn, halitosis, nausea, vomiting, intolerance to oral intake, and absence of evacuations; initially went to a gastroenterologist who performed upper digestive endoscopy, finding an image of obstruction at the level of the first portion of the duodenum, which is why he refers to the general surgery department where he underwent surgery, diagnosing BS by performing gastrotomy, stone extraction, and pyloroplasty, presenting adequate postoperative evolution.Conclusion : BS is a rare diagnosis that affects <0.5% of patients with gallstones and therefore requires an extremely high degree of suspicion for the diagnosis and can be seen incidentally on imaging studies in patients with symptoms of obstruction of gastric emptying(AU)

Cecal bascule herniation through the foramen of Winslow

Bowel obstructions can have a variety of causes, including impacted feces, adhesions, volvulus, non-internal hernias, and in rare cases internal hernias. We report a 63-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and obstructive symptoms that had started 12 hours earlier. A computed tomographic scan of the abdomen and pelvis showed a right internal hernia with a cecal bascule traversing through the foramen of Winslow, concerning for a closed-loop obstruction. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy with cecal bascule reduction and cecopexy. Given the increased mortality risk if undiagnosed, it is important to remain aware of internal hernias. Patient outcomes are markedly improved with early diagnosis and surgical intervention.

Clinical features of 44 patients with small bowel Crohn / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#At present, there are many studies on Crohn's disease of terminal ileum and colon, but few studies on Crohn's disease of small intestine alone. This study aims to analyze the clinical features and therapeutic effect of small bowel in adult patients with Crohn's disease so as to strengthen the diagnosis and treatment for this disease.@*METHODS@#From July 1, 2015 to October 31, 2018, patients with small bowel Crohn's disease at Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, were enrolled. At the same time, patients' demographics and clinical data were collected.@*RESULTS@#A total of 44 patients were small bowel Crohn's disease. Among them, 40 patients were male. The age at diagnosis was (35.8±10.3) years old and disease duration was (35.2±59.5) months. The subtypes included 29(65.9%) of ileum, 7(15.9%) of jejunum, 8(18.2%) of ileum with jejunum. There were 27(61.4%) of stricture behavior, 4(9.1%) of penetrating behavior, and 13(29.5%) of non-stricture and non-penetrating behavior. Endoscopic visible stricture (29/85, 34.1%) was common, followed by longitudinal ulcers (27/85, 31.8%). Non-caseate granulomatous were found in 2 cases (4.5%). The score of Crohn's disease activity index was correlated to hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (all @*CONCLUSIONS@#Patients with ileum account for a large proportion in patients with small bowel Crohn's disease. Stricture is more common in small bowel Crohn's disease. Stricture and longitudinal ulcer are more common under enteroscopy. Crohn's disease activity index is correlated to hemoglobin, red blood cell specific volume, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The most common complication is intestinal obstruction. Mesalazine is less effective on small bowel Crohn's disease.

Abdomen agudo quirúrgico en el paciente geriátrico / Surgical Acute Abdomen in the Geriatric Patient

RESUMEN Introducción: El abdomen agudo es causa frecuente de ingreso hospitalario en pacientes geriátricos. Objetivo: Caracterizar el comportamiento del abdomen agudo quirúrgico en el paciente geriátrico en un servicio de cirugía general. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo longitudinal de corte transversal en 169 pacientes. Los datos procedieron de las historias clínicas del Hospital Universitario "Manuel Ascunce Domenech" de Camagüey, desde enero de 2014 a diciembre de 2016 y se procesaron mediante estadística descriptiva, relacionándose algunas variables de manera no inferencial. Resultados: El 52,2 por ciento de los pacientes eran hombres. El 42,6 por ciento tenía edades entre 60 y 69 años. El 28,9 por ciento presentaron la oclusión intestinal como etiología. Hubo un 39,5 por ciento de complicaciones, el 54,5 por ciento de ellas fueron infecciosas. La mortalidad fue de un 22,5 por ciento. El 26,6 por ciento de los fallecidos presentaba oclusión intestinal. Conclusiones: Casi una décima parte de los pacientes fallecieron, la peritonitis fibropurulenta y el choque séptico fueron las causas más frecuentes de los decesos. La oclusión intestinal como causa de abdomen agudo pareció influir en la mortalidad de la muestra estudiada(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute abdomen is a frequent cause of hospital admission in geriatric patients. Objective: To characterize the occurrence of acute surgical abdomen in the geriatric patient in a general surgery service. Methods: An observational, descriptive, longitudinal and cross-sectional study was carried out with 169 patients. The data were obtained from the medical records of Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital in Camagüey, from January 2014 to December 2016, and were processed using descriptive statistics, relating some variables in a noninferential way. Results: 52.2 percent of the patients were men. 42.6 percent were aged between 60 and 69 years. 28.9 percent presented intestinal occlusion as an etiology. There were 39.5 percent of complications, 54.5 percent of which were infectious. Mortality was 22.5 percent. 26.6 percent of the deceased had intestinal obstruction. Conclusions: Almost one tenth of the patients died, with fibrinopurulent peritonitis and septic shock being the most frequent causes of death. Intestinal occlusion as a cause of acute abdomen appeared to influence mortality in the sample studied(AU)

Síndrome de hiperviscosidade em paciente com mieloma múltiplo / Hyperviscosity syndrome in multiple myeloma patients

O mieloma múltiplo é uma neoplasia progressiva e incurável de células B, caracterizado pela proliferação desregulada e clonal de plasmócitos na medula óssea. A síndrome de hiperviscosidade é uma das complicações relacionadas às gamopatias monoclonais, sendo considerada emergência oncológica. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o quadro clínico de um paciente diagnosticado com mieloma múltiplo que apresentou síndrome de hiperviscosidade, avaliando a prevalência de sinais e sintomas, bem como características fisiopatológicas dessa entidade clínica. Foi revisado o prontuário de um paciente internado na enfermaria da Clínica Médica do Hospital Regional do Cariri (CE) no período de junho a julho de 2018. Além disso, foi realizada revisão de literatura em base de dados (PubMed®) direcionada ao tema proposto. O diagnóstico de mieloma múltiplo foi comprovado por mielograma, sendo prontamente iniciada a corticoterapia e avaliada a resposta clínica após essa terapêutica. Apesar de incomum e menos frequentemente relacionada ao mieloma múltiplo, a síndrome de hiperviscosidade está relacionada a uma grande taxa de mortalidade quando apresenta diagnóstico tardio. A terapia de primeira linha indicada para a síndrome de hiperviscosidade foi a plasmaferese, no entanto, as condições clínicas (instabilidade hemodinâmica) impossibilitaram sua realização. O desfecho deste caso foi o óbito do paciente. Concluiu-se que o diagnóstico precoce e a intervenção terapêutica estão diretamente relacionados à ocorrência de menor incidência de complicações relacionadas ao mieloma múltiplo e à síndrome de hiperviscosidade.

Multiple myeloma is a progressive and incurable B-cell neoplasm characterized by unregulated and clonal proliferation of plasmocytes in the bone marrow. Hyperviscosity syndrome is one of the complications related to monoclonal gammopathies and is considered an oncological emergency. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical condition of a patient diagnosed with multiple myeloma who presented hyperviscosity syndrome, evaluating the prevalence of symptoms and signs, as well as the pathophysiological characteristics of this clinical entity. The medical records of a patient admitted to the Internal Medicine ward of the Hospital Regional do Cariri (CE) from June to July of 2018 were reviewed. In addition, we conducted a literature review in a database (PubMed®) directed to the theme proposed. The diagnosis of multiple myeloma was confirmed by myelogram, and corticosteroid therapy was promptly initiated and the clinical response was evaluated after this therapy. Although uncommon and less frequently related to multiple myeoloma, hyperviscosity syndrome is related to a high mortality rate when diagnosed late. The first line therapy indicated to hyperviscosity syndrome was plasmapheresis; however, the clinical conditions (hemodynamic instability) precluded its performance. The outcome of this case was the patient's death. Thus, it was concluded that early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention are directly related to the occurrence of lower incidence of complications related to multiple myeloma and hyperviscosity syndrome.

Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in cystic fibrosis / Síndrome da obstruc¸ão intestinal distal: um desafio diagnóstico e terapêutico na fibrose cística

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the demographics, genotype, and clinical presentation of pediatric patients presenting with distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS), and factors associated with DIOS recurrence. Methods: Case series of ten patients (median age 13.2 years), followed-up in a reference center, retrospectively assessed. Data analyzed included age, gender, cystic fibrosis genotype, meconium ileus at birth, hydration status, pulmonary exacerbation, Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization, pancreatic insufficiency (PI), body mass index (BMI) at the episodes, clinical manifestations of DIOS, imaging studies performed, acute management of DIOS, maintenance therapy, and recurrence on follow-up. Results: All patients had two positive sweat chloride tests, and nine of ten also had genotype study. The most common genotype identified was homozygosis for the delta F508 mutation. In seven cases, a previous history of meconium ileus was reported. All patients had pancreatic insufficiency. Diagnosis of DIOS was based on clinical and imaging findings. Of the total number of episodes, 85% were successfully managed with oral osmotic laxatives and/or rectal therapy (glycerin enema or saline irrigation). Recurrence was observed in five of ten patients. Conclusion In this first report of pediatric DIOS in South America, the presence of two risk factors for DIOS occurrence was universal: pancreatic insufficiency and severe genotype. Medical history of meconium ileus at birth was present in most patients, as well as in the subgroup with DIOS recurrence. The diagnosis relied mainly on the clinical presentation and on abdominal imaging. The practices in the management of episodes varied, likely reflecting changes in the management of this syndrome throughout time.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar os dados demográficos, o genótipo e o quadro clínico de pacientes pediátricos que apresentam síndrome da obstrução intestinal distal (DIOS) e os fatores associados à recidiva da DIOS. Métodos: Casuística de 10 pacientes (média de 13,2 anos) monitorados em um centro de referência e avaliados de forma retroativa. Os dados analisados incluíram idade, sexo, genótipo da fibrose cística, íleo meconial no nascimento, estado de hidratação, exacerbação pulmonar, colonização por Pseudomonas aeruginosa, insuficiência pancreática (IP), IMC nos episódios, manifestações clínicas da DIOS, estudos de diagnóstico por imagem realizados, manejo agudo da DIOS, terapia de manutenção e recidiva no acompanhamento. Resultados: Todos os pacientes apresentaram dois exames de cloreto no suor positivos e 09/10 também apresentaram estudo do genótipo. O genótipo mais comum identificado foi a homozigose da mutação delta F508. Em sete casos foi mencionado um histórico de íleo meconial. Todos os pacientes apresentaram insuficiência pancreática. O diagnóstico da DIOS teve como base achados clínicos e de imagem; 85% do número total de episódios foram tratados com sucesso com laxantes osmóticos orais e/ou terapia retal (enema de glicerina ou irrigação salina). A recidiva foi observada em 5 de 10 pacientes. Conclusão: Neste primeiro relatório da DIOS pediátrica na América do Sul, a presença de dois fatores de risco na ocorrência da DIOS foi universal: insuficiência pancreática e genótipo associado a doença grave. O histórico de íleo meconial no nascimento esteve presente na maioria dos pacientes, bem como no subgrupo com recidiva da DIOS. O diagnóstico dependeu principalmente do quadro clínico e do diagnóstico por imagem abdominal. As práticas de manejo de episódios variaram, provavelmente refletiram as mudanças no tratamento dessa síndrome ao longo do tempo.

Endometriosis ileal. Causa infrecuente de obstrucción intestinal en mujeres en edad fértil / Ileal endometriosis. An uncommon cause of bowel obstruction in women in fertile age

Resumen La endometriosis se define como la presencia de tejido endometrial fuera de la cavidad uterina. Ocurre en aproximadamente 5 a 10% de las mujeres en edad fértil. Cuando afecta al intestino tiende a confundirse clínicamente con una gran variedad de afecciones por lo cual en algunas oportunidades se le ha llamado también "la gran simuladora". La revisión de la literatura muestra que la localización intestinal es poco frecuente y que la obstrucción secundaria a esta causa es aún más inusual, siendo el diagnóstico preoperatorio un desafío para los cirujanos. Con el propósito de resaltar características clínicas y de estudio por imágenes que ayuden a la sospecha preoperatoria de esta entidad tan infrecuente en la práctica habitual, se presentan dos casos de mujeres operadas de urgencia, sin diagnóstico previo de endometriosis y con oclusión intestinal como primera manifestación de la enfermedad. El tratamiento consiste en la resección intestinal del sector afectado y anastomosis primaria. El diagnóstico se basa en un alto índice de sospecha y debería ser considerado en mujeres en edad fértil, sin antecedentes patológicos y con historia de menstruaciones dolorosas.

Abstract Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. It affects ~5-10% of women in their reproductive years. When it affects the intestine, it tends to be confused clinically with a wide variety of affections, which is why it has sometimes been called "the great simulator". A review of the literature shows that intestinal localization is rare and that obstruction secondary to this cause is even more unusual, with preoperative diagnosis being a challenge for surgeons. With the purpose of highlighting clinical and diagnostic imaging characteristics that help the preoperative suspicion of this entity, so rare in routine practice, we present two cases of women who underwent emergency surgery, without a previous diagnosis of endometriosis and with intestinal occlusion as the first manifestation of the disease. Treatment of intestinal occlusion by endometriosis consists of intestinal resection of the affected sector and primary anastomosis. Diagnosis of intestinal occlusion secondary to ileal endometriosis is based on a high index of suspicion and should be considered in women of childbearing age, without a history of disease and with a history of painful menstruation.

Hernia paracecal / Paracecal hernia

RESUMEN Las hernias internas son una causa poco frecuente de obstrucción del intestino delgado (representan menos del 5 %). La hernia pericecal ocupa alrededor de la décima parte de las hernias internas; mientras que, la hernia paracecal constituye una de sus cuatro variantes, las que a su vez, pueden ser congénitas o adquiridas. Se presentó un paciente masculino de 98 años de edad, operado por obstrucción intestinal debido a hernia paracecal, que requirió resección de intestino y anastomosis, con evolución favorable. En la búsqueda realizada en Cochrane no se encontró ningún otro caso publicado por autores cubanos. Se revisó la literatura al respecto y se insistió en la necesidad de tener presente dicho diagnóstico en el actuar diario del cirujano, ya que se comporta con una alta mortalidad sino se sospecha, debido a que cursa generalmente con compromiso vascular.

ABSTRACT Internal hernias are an uncommon cause of small bowel obstruction (they represent less than 5%). The pericaecal hernia occupies about a tenth of the internal hernias while the paracaecal hernia is one of its four variants, which in turn can be congenital or acquired. We present a 98-year-old male patient operated on bowel obstruction due to paracaecal hernia, which required bowel resection and anastomosis, with favourable evolution. No other case published by Cuban authors was found when searching in Cochrane Library. Literature on this subject was also reviewed, insisting on the need for surgeons to bear this diagnosis in mind in their daily work, since it is manifested with a high mortality if it is not suspected, because it generally involves vascular compromise.

Evaluación de pacientes adultos mayores con diagnóstico de abdomen agudo quirúrgico. Estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, no experimental / Evaluation of elderly patients with a diagnosis of acute surgical abdomen. Prospective, descriptive, non-experimental study

Se ha observado que la población mayor de 65 años requiere con mayor frecuencia procedimientos quirúrgicos y en ellos las presentaciones clínicas de las entidades responsables de un abdomen agudo son atípicas. En situaciones de emergencia, el diagnóstico resulta más difícil que en el adulto debido a diversos factores. Objetivo: Evaluar características clínicas, edad y sexo de pacientes adultos mayores con diagnóstico de abdomen agudo quirúrgico en el Hospital Universitario "Dr. Manuel Núñez Tovar" de Maturín, estado Monagas, período enero-septiembre 2019. Método: Se realizó un tipo de investigación no experimental, prospectiva, descriptiva, transversal, de campo, donde se estudiaron a todos los pacientes mayores de 60 años con diagnóstico de abdomen agudo quirúrgico según criterios clínicos, en el servicio de Cirugía General, con una muestra de 53 pacientes que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: Se evaluaron 790 pacientes adultos, con diagnóstico de abdomen agudo quirúrgico en el período señalado, de los cuales 53 pacientes correspondían a adultos mayores, 30 pacientes (56.60%) de sexo femenino con una edad promedio general de 71.33 años. La principal causa de abdomen agudo quirúrgico en adultos mayores fue la obstrucción intestinal con 26 pacientes (49.06%). La principal comorbilidad fue la hipertensión arterial (41.50%). Un 16.98% de los pacientes se complicaron con sepsis (complicación más frecuente) con mortalidad de 15.09% y más de la mitad (54.71%) ameritaron más de 4 días de hospitalización incluyendo a los complicados (90%)(AU)

It has been observed that the population over 65 years of age requires more and more surgical procedures and in them the clinical presentations of the entities responsible for an acute abdomen are atypical. In emergency situations, diagnosis is more difficult than in adults due to various factors. Objectives: Evaluate clinical characteristics, age and sex of older adult patients with diagnosis of acute surgical abdomen at the "Dr. Manuel Núñez Tovar" Hospital from Maturín, Monagas state, January-September 2019 period. Method: A non-experimental type, prospective descriptive, cross-sectional, field research was carried out, where all patients older than 60 years with a diagnosis of acute surgical abdomen according to clinical criteria, in the General Surgery service, with a sample of 53 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Results: 790 adult patients were evaluated, with a diagnosis of acute surgical abdomen in the indicated period, of which 53 patients corresponded to older adults, 30 female patients (56.60%) with a general average age of 71.33 years. The main cause of acute surgical abdomen in older adults was intestinal obstruction with 26 patients (49.06%). The main comorbidity was arterial hypertension (41.50%). 16.98% of the patients were complicated by sepsis (the most frequent complication) with mortality of 15.09% and more than half (54.71%)(AU)

Long-term survival analysis after endoscopic stenting as a bridge to surgery for malignant colorectal obstruction: comparison with emergency diverting colostomy

The use of colorectal self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) as bridge therapy for malignant colorectal obstruction was first reported more than 20 years ago. However, its use remains controversial. Objective: In this study, we aimed to compare the long-term survival of patients with potentially resectable malignant colorectal obstruction who had undergone colorectal SEMS placement and emergency surgery. Methods: This study was a retrospective analyses. Patients who received treatment between 2009 and 2017 were included. According to the eligibility criteria, 21 patients were included in the SEMS group and 67 patients were included in the surgical group.. Results: The majority of the patients in the SEMS group were female (57.1%), whereas the majority of those in the surgical group were male (53.7%). The median follow-up time was 60 months for both groups with the same interquartile range of 60 months. There was no difference in the overall survival rate (log rank p=0.873) and disease-free survival rate (log rank p=0.2821) in the five-year analysis. There was no difference in local recurrence rates (38.1% vs. 22.4%, p=0.14) or distant recurrence rates (33.3% vs. 50.7%, p=0.16) in the SEMS and the surgical groups. Technical and clinical success rates of endoscopic stenting were 95.3% and 85.7%, respectively. There were no immediate adverse events (AEs). Severe AEs included perforation (14.3%), silent perforation (4.7%), reobstruction (14.3%), and bleeding (14.3%). Mild AEs included pain (42.8%), tenesmus (9.5%), and incontinence (4.76%). The limitations of this study was retrospective and was conducted at a single center. Conclusions: No differences in disease-free and overall survival rates were observed in the five-year analysis of patients with resectable colorectal cancer who had undergone SEMS placement or colostomy for the treatment of malignant colorectal obstruction. Patients in the SEMS group had a higher rate of primary anastomosis and a lower rate of temporary colostomy than did those in the surgery group.

Infrecuente complicación de páncreas ectópico: obstrucción intestinal por pseudoquiste pancreático en píloro / Infrequent complication of heterotopic pancreas: intestinal obstruction by pancreatic pseudocyst in pylorus

Resumen: Presentamos un caso un hombre de 53 años con antecedentes de reflujo gastroesofágico y pirosis con varias visitas al servicio de urgencias por vómitos, con antecedentes de consumo crónico de alcohol. La TC sin y con contraste endovenoso mostró a nivel del píloro una lesion ovoidea de paredes gruesas con captación similar al tejido pancreático, con un gran componente quístico bien delimitado que condiciona una obstrucción intestinal. La ecografía confirma la presencia de una lesión quística con ecos móviles en su interior. Tras la realización de antrectomía, el estudio histológico revela un pseudoquiste pancreático sobre páncreas ectópico, siendo esta presentación muy infrecuente, con pocos casos descritos hasta la fecha. Conclusión: Los hallazgos clínico-radiológicos con TC y US de páncreas ectópico pueden orientar el diagnóstico, aunque no son concluyentes. El diagnóstico definitivo se realiza mediante estudio histológico.

Abstract: A 53 year-old male with a past history of chronic alcohol intake, presents with an intestinal obstruction. A CT scan shows an ovoid tumor in pylorus with a great cystic component, thick wall and delimited rim, causing gastric retention. Its walls have similar enhancing pattern as the pancreatic tissue. Ultrasound revealed the presence of a cystic tumor with mobile echoes inside. After antrectomy the histological study reports pancreatic pseudocyst hosted in ectopic pancreas. This is an unusual presentation and only a few cases have been reported. Conclusion: The clinical and radiographic findings of ectopic pancreas are non-specific. Definitive diagnostic requires histological study.

Obstrucción intestinal por fitobezoar en una paciente con bypass gástrico laparoscópico en Y de Roux: reporte de un caso / Intestinal obstruction due to phytobezoar in a patient with laparoscopic gastric bypass in Roux-en-Y: case report

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los bezoares son una etiología infrecuente de obstrucción intestinal (OI) posterior a un bypass gástrico laparoscópico en Y de Roux (BGLYR). OBJETIVO: Describir un caso clínico de OI debido a un fitobezoar en un sitio infrecuente, en una paciente 2 años después de un BGLYR. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de sexo femenino con antecedente de BGLYR hace 2 años y cuadro de obstrucción intestinal causado por fitobezoar. DISCUSIÓN: Se discuten los factores que pueden contribuir a la formación del bezoar en este caso y estrategias para su prevención. Se destaca la importancia del estudio imagenológico y de la exploración quirúrgica oportuna.

BACKGROUND: Bezoars are an infrequent aetiology of bowel obstruction after a laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). OBJECTIVE: To describe a clinical case of bowel obstruction due to a phytobezoar in an uncommon site, in a patient 2 years after a LRYGB. CASE REPORT: A female patient with a history of LRYGB 2 years ago and bowel obstruction due to phytobezoar. DISCUSSION: Factors that can contribute to the formation of bezoar in this case and strategies for its prevention are discussed. The importance of the imaging study and timely surgical exploration is emphasized.

Enfermedad de Hirschsprung en recién nacidos: propósito de un caso clínico / Hirschsprung disease in newborns: a clinical case

La enfermedad de Hirschsprung es la causa más común de obstrucción intestinal inferior en el primer mes de vida. El objetivo de esta publicación es comunicar una forma de presentación frecuente de esta enfermedad y reforzar la importancia de la sospecha y acciones oportunas por parte del pediatra. Caso clínico: recién nacido varón 36hs de vida. Término, adecuado a la edad gestacional, vigoroso, sin dismorfias externas. A las 36 hs de vida instala vómitos, distensión abdominal progresiva, sin expulsión de meconio desde el nacimiento. Al examen abdomen distendido, dolor difuso a la palpación. Tacto rectal: ampolla vacía. Radiografía simple de abdomen compatible con oclusión intestinal. Radiografía de colon con contraste sugestiva de Enfermedad de Hirschsprung (EH) de segmento corto que se confirma con biopsia rectal. Se realizan lavados colónicos hasta resolución quirúrgica a los 6 meses de vida. Requirió plan de dilatación anal con buena evolución posterior sin complicaciones. Conclusiones: El pediatra cumple un rol fundamental en la sospecha diagnóstica de la EH y debe conocer sus diferentes formas de presentación. Es de suma importancia sospechar esta enfermedad en recién nacidos que presenten oclusión intestinal en las primeras horas de vida.

Hirschsprung's disease is the most common cause of lower intestinal obstruction in the first month of life. The objective of this publication is to communicate a frequent form of presentation of this disease and to reinforce the importance of timely diagnosis by pediatricians. Clinical case: male newborn 36hs of life. Term, Appropiate for gestational age, vigorous, without external dysmorphism. After 36 hours of life, he started vomiting, progressive abdominal distension, no meconium was observed. At the distended abdomen examination, diffuse pain on palpation. Rectal touch: empty blister. Simple abdominal radiography compatible with intestinal occlusion. Colon radiograph with contrast suggestive of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) of short segment that was confirmed with rectal biopsy. Colonic irrigations were performed until surgical resolution at 6 months of age. It required an anal dilatation plan with good posterior evolution without complications. Conclusions: The pediatrician has a fundamental role in the diagnostic suspicion of HD and must know its different forms of presentation. It is very important to suspect this disease in newborns who have intestinal occlusion in the first hours of life.

Obstrucción intestinal por hernia obturatriz: serie de casos / Intestinal obstruction caused by obturator hernia: case series

OBJETIVO: Se presentan 3 casos de obstrucción intestinal por hernia obturatriz atascada, su manejo y una breve revisión de la literatura. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOSles y Métodos: Discusión del cuadro clínico, imágenes y manejo. Todos los casos fueron operados dentro del mismo día del diagnóstico y se confirmó la presencia de hernia obturatriz. El manejo de la hernia y su contenido fue ajustado a la situación de cada paciente. RESULTADOS: Los tres casos de hernia obturatriz aquí discutidos tienen la presentación clásica del cuadro, cuando se los revisa en forma retrospectiva y con imagenología compatible. Los tres pacientes evolucionaron en forma satisfactoria con alta precoz y control posoperatorio sin incidentes. Discusión: Nuestros 3 casos se condicen tanto en hallazgos clínicos, imagenológicos y en manejo con lo descrito en la literatura internacional. CONCLUSIÓN: La hernia del agujero obturatriz siendo infrecuente, se presenta en un tipo particular de pacientes y con sintomatología clásica. La tomografía axial computada es de gran ayuda y suele hacer el diagnóstico preciso en el preoperatorio. Es importante recordar este diagnóstico diferencial al momento de estudiar pacientes con obstrucción intestinal.

OBJECTIVE: 3 cases of intestinal obstruction that resulted in diagnosis of obturator hernia, their management and a brief international literature review are presented. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Discussion of the presentation, images, and management. In all cases surgery was performed the same day from the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction and confirmation of obturator hernia. The management of the hernia and it's content was adjusted to each patient's situation. RESULTS: Our 3 patients, when reviewed retrospectively, had the classic presentations and images of obturator hernia. All of them had a favourable evolution with an early discharge and no complications on follow up. DISCUSSION: Our 3 cases had clinical presentations and imaging studies that correlated well with international literature. CONCLUSION: Obturator hernia is an infrequent pathology, but appears in a particular type of patient and with classic presentation. Axial computed tomography is an important tool and usually makes the diagnosis previously to surgical exploration. It is important to consider this diagnosis when being faced with patients with intestinal obstruction.

Early intestinal obstruction after infliximab therapy in Crohn's disease

There is scarce knowledge on early intestinal obstruction in Crohn's disease (CD) after infliximab treatment. Therefore, we describe two cases of early intestinal obstruction in a series of 46 CD patients treated with infliximab. Both our two cases were 21-year-old men with newly diagnosed CD who were diagnosed with perianal disease 2 years previously. They were suffering from diarrhea and abdominal pain, but there were no symptoms indicating bowel obstruction. Radiographic studies revealed stenotic sites in the terminal ileum in both cases. In both cases, infliximab 300 mg was infused, after which their abnormal laboratory data as well as symptoms such as diarrhea and abdominal pain clearly improved. However, on the 11th or 13th day post-treatment, they presented abdominal distension with air-fluid levels on imaging studies. Ileocolonic resection was performed in both cases. Early intestinal obstruction after infliximab therapy is characterized by initial improvement of the symptoms and the laboratory data, which is soon followed by clinical deterioration. This outcome indicates that infliximab is so swiftly effective that the healing process tapers the stenotic site, resulting in bowel obstruction. Thus, although unpleasant and severe, the obstruction cannot be considered as a side effect but rather a consequence of infliximab's efficacy. CD patients with intestinal stricture, particularly the penetrating type with stricture, should be well informed about the risk of developing intestinal obstruction after infliximab therapy and the eventual need for surgical intervention

Lithopedion causing intestinal obstruction in a 71-year-old woman: A case report / Litopedia causando obstrução intestinal em idosa de 71 anos: relato de caso

Abstract Ectopic pregnancy is the leading cause of pregnancy-related death during the first trimester, and it occurs in 1 to 2% of pregnancies. Over 90% of ectopic pregnancies are located in the fallopian tube. Abdominal pregnancy refers to an ectopic pregnancy that has implanted in the peritoneal cavity, external to the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes. The estimated incidence is 1 per 10,000 births and 1.4%of ectopic pregnancies. Lithopedion is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy, and it occurs when the fetus from an unrecognized abdominal pregnancymay die and calcify. The resulting "stone baby" may not be detected for decades andmay cause a variety of complications. Lithopedion is a very rare event that occurs in 0.0054% of all gestations. About 1.5 to 1.8% of the abdominal babies develop into lithopedion. There are only ~ 330 known cases of lithopedion in the world. We describe a lithopedion that complicated as intestinal obstruction in a 71-year-old woman.

Resumo A gravidez ectópica é a principal causa de morte materna no primeiro trimestre, e ocorre em 1 a 2% das gestações. Mais de 90% ocorrem nas tubas uterinas. Gravidez abdominal refere-se à gravidez ectópica implantada na cavidade peritoneal, externamente ao útero e às tubas uterinas.Aincidência estimada éde 1 por 10mil nascimentos e 1,4%das gravidezes ectópicas. A litopedia é um tipo raro de gravidez ectópica, e ocorre quando o feto de uma gravidez abdominal não reconhecida morre e se calcifica. O "bebê de pedra" resultante pode não ser detectado por décadas, e pode causar complicações futuras. A litopedia é um evento muito raro que ocorre em 0,0054% de todas as gestações. Cerca de 1,5 a 1,8% dos bebês abdominais se tornam litopédios. Existem somente cerca de 330 casos conhecidos de litopedia no mundo. Descrevemos uma litopedia que se agravou, tornando-se uma obstrução intestinal, em uma idosa de 71 anos.

Estudio de intestino delgado: experiencia en el uso de Cápsula Patency en la prevención de retención de Video-cápsula Endoscópica / Small bowel study: experience using Patency Capsule for prevention of video capsule endoscopy retention

Introduction: Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is a useful test for the evaluation of the small bowel mucosa. The main complication of VCE is retention, so in patients with risk factors it is recommended to evaluate the permeability of the digestive tract with Patency Capsule (PC). We describe patients evaluated with PC before the study with VCE. Methods: Descriptive observational study of 96 patients referred for VCE. A clinical survey and images identified that 7 of these patients (7.3%) had retention risk factors, so they were previously requested PC. Results: 2 of the 7 patients evaluated with PC did not excrete the device, so the use of VCE was contraindicated; the subsequent study concluded Crohn's disease (CD) and jejunal stenosis due to retractable mesenteritis in these cases. Of the remaining 89 patients, not evaluated with PC, 1 (1.1%) developed retention of the VCE at an ulcerated stenosis, and was subsequently diagnosed as CD. Conclusion: In our study, we confirmed the usefulness of PC as a method to assess the risk of retention of VCE in patients with risk factors for ID stenosis.

Introducción: La video-cápsula endoscópica (VCE) es un examen útil para el estudio de patologías del intestino delgado (ID). La principal complicación de la VCE es la retención, por lo que en pacientes con factores de riesgo se recomienda evaluar la permeabilidad del tubo digestivo con Cápsula Patency (CP). Se presenta una serie de casos evaluados con CP previo al estudio con VCE. Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo de 96 pacientes derivados para realización de VCE. Mediante encuesta clínica e imágenes se identificó que 7 de estos pacientes (7,3%) tenían factores de riesgo de retención, por lo que se les solicitó previamente CP. Resultados: 2 de los 7 pacientes evaluados con CP no expulsaron el dispositivo por lo que se contraindicó el uso de VCE; el estudio posterior concluyó Enfermedad de Crohn (EC) y estenosis yeyunal por mesenteritis retráctil en estos dos casos. De los 89 pacientes restantes, no evaluados con CP, 1 (1,1%) presentó retención de la VCE a nivel de una estenosis ulcerada diagnosticada posteriormente como EC. Conclusión: En nuestra casuística se confirma la utilidad de la CP como un método para evaluar el riesgo de retención de VCE en pacientes con factores de riesgo de estenosis de ID.