ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction: Synchronized swimming is a sport of artistic expression, skill, and physical fitness. Explosive, high-intensity movements rely mainly on the athlete's good basal strength. Although China attaches great importance to the physical training of synchronized swimming athletes, there is no theoretical achievement in consolidating specific training. Objective: To analyze the impact of CORE strengthening on the physical training of synchronized swimming athletes. Methods: This article selects 30 synchronized swimmers as volunteers for the research. A basal metabolism test was used to verify the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VT), and other indicators. The isokinetic force measurement system measured the athletes' maximum lumbar-abdominal muscle flexion/extension torque, explosive strength, fast muscle strength capacity, total work, and anti-fatigue capacity. Results: The synchronized limb training results of the swimming team were positively correlated with the stability of the CORE muscles. There is a positive relationship between 30 years old and maximal strength training and performance in athletes. Abdominal muscular endurance showed the highest correlation coefficient with synchronized swimming performance. Conclusion: Coaches should organize adequate strength training according to the growth and development characteristics of athletes and the characteristics of synchronized swimming movements. In this way, an excellent physical training effect can be achieved by CORE training. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução: O nado sincronizado é um esporte de expressão artística, habilidade e aptidão física. Movimentos explosivos, de alta intensidade, dependem principalmente da boa força basal do atleta. Embora a China atribua grande importância ao treinamento físico de atletas do nado sincronizado, não há conquista teórica na consolidação de um treinamento específico. Objetivo: Analisar o impacto da aplicação do fortalecimento do core sobre o treinamento físico de atletas do nado sincronizado. Métodos: Este artigo seleciona 30 nadadores sincronizados como voluntários para a pesquisa. Um teste de metabolismo basal foi utilizado para verificar o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max), o limiar anaeróbico ventilatório (VT) e outros indicadores. Utilizou-se o sistema de medição de força isocinética para medir o torque máximo de flexão/extensão muscular lombar-abdominal dos atletas, força explosiva, capacidade de força rápida muscular, trabalho total e capacidade anti-fadiga. Resultados: Os resultados de treinamento dos membros sincronizados da equipe de natação foram positivamente correlacionados com a estabilidade dos músculos do core. Há uma relação positiva entre os 30 anos de idade e o melhor desempenho no treinamento de força máxima em atletas. A resistência muscular abdominal apresentou o maior coeficiente de correlação com desempenho sincronizado de natação. Conclusão: Os treinadores devem organizar o treinamento de força adequado de acordo com as características de crescimento e desenvolvimento dos atletas e as características dos movimentos sincronizados de natação. Desta forma, um excelente efeito de treinamento físico pode ser alcançado pelo treino do core. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: La natación sincronizada es un deporte de expresión artística, de habilidad y de condición física. Los movimientos explosivos y de alta intensidad dependen principalmente de la buena fuerza basal del deportista. Aunque China atribuye una gran importancia a la preparación física de las atletas de natación sincronizada, no existe ningún logro teórico en la consolidación de un entrenamiento específico. Objetivo: Analizar el impacto de la aplicación del fortalecimiento del core en la preparación física de las atletas de natación sincronizada. Métodos: En este artículo se seleccionan 30 nadadores de sincronizados como voluntarios para la investigación. Se utilizó una prueba de metabolismo basal para verificar el consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2max), el umbral anaeróbico ventilatorio (VT) y otros indicadores. Fue aplicado el sistema de medición de la fuerza isocinética para medir el par máximo de flexión/extensión de los músculos lumbares-abdominales de los atletas, la fuerza explosiva, la capacidad de fuerza muscular rápida, el trabajo total y la capacidad antifatiga. Resultados: Los resultados del entrenamiento de las extremidades sincronizadas del equipo de natación se correlacionaron positivamente con la estabilidad de los músculos del core. Existe una relación positiva entre los 30 años de edad y la fuerza máxima de entrenamiento y el rendimiento en los atletas. La resistencia muscular abdominal mostró el mayor coeficiente de correlación con el rendimiento de la natación sincronizada. Conclusión: Los entrenadores deben organizar un entrenamiento de fuerza adecuado en función de las características de crecimiento y desarrollo de los deportistas y de las características de los movimientos de la natación sincronizada. De este modo, se puede conseguir un excelente efecto de entrenamiento físico entrenando el core. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
Subject(s)
Humans , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Swimming/physiology , Athletic Performance , Resistance Training/methods , Muscle Tonus , Muscle StrengthABSTRACT
Abstract Background: Maximum oxygen consumption is an indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness. Aim: The purpose was, first, to relate and compare the V̇O2max as the dependent variable with the estimated distance in the six-minute walk test (SMWT) as the independent variable in university students and, secondly, to relate the distance (dependent) with demographic and anthropometric variables (independents). Methodology: A correlational, descriptive, and quantitative study with a non-experimental design was conducted on 110 university students. In the study, basic anthropometry and vital signs were measured. A direct method of V̇O2max (Bruce test) on a treadmill was applied. Then, the distance covered in the SMWT was evaluated with two equations available in the scientific literature. Differences between men and women were measured in the tests, the correlation between the distances estimated with V̇O2max and anthropometric variables, and repeated ANOVA measurement tests between V̇O2max and estimated distance were analyzed with the SPSS v.22 program (p<0.05). Results: Significant correlations were found between V̇O2max and estimated distances (p<0.05) in the total sample, men and women, and in some cases, the distance correlated with gender, age, weight, height, and BMI (p<0.05). However, there were differences between V̇O2max and distances estimated in the SMWT (p<0.001). Conclusions: The V̇O2max measurement method is different from the distance prediction equations, although they have a significant relationship.
Resumen Antecedentes: El consumo máximo de oxígeno es un indicador de la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria. Objetivo: El objetivo fue relacionar y comparar el V̇O2máx. como variable dependiente con la distancia estimada en la prueba de caminata de seis minutos (PC6M) como variable independiente en estudiantes universitarios, a la vez relacionar la distancia (dependiente) con variables demográficas y antropométricas (independientes). Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal, y descriptivo-correlacional en el que participaron 110 estudiantes universitarios. Se midió antropometría básica y signos vitales, y se aplicó un método directo de V̇O2máx. (Test de Bruce) en cinta rodante, luego se estimó la distancia recorrida en PC6M con dos ecuaciones disponibles en la literatura. Diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en las pruebas aplicadas, correlación entre las distancias estimadas con el V̇O2máx. y variables antropométricas, y la prueba de ANOVA de medidas repetidas entre el V̇O2máx. y las distancias estimadas fueron utilizadas con el programa SPSS v.22 (p<0,05). Resultados: Se encontró correlaciones significativas entre el V̇O2máx. y distancias estimadas (p<0,05) en la muestra, en hombres y mujeres, y en algunos casos la distancia se correlacionó con el sexo, la edad, el peso, la estatura y el IMC (p<0,05). Sin embargo, hubo diferencias entre el V̇O2máx. y las distancias estimadas en la PC6M (p<0,001). Conclusiones: El método directo de V̇O2máx. es distinto de las ecuaciones de predicción de distancia, aunque tienen relación significativa.
Resumo Antecedentes: O consumo máximo de oxigênio é um indicador de aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Objetivo: O objetivo é relacionar e comparar a V̇O2 máx. como variável dependente com a distância estimada no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6M) como uma variável independente em estudantes universitários, ao mesmo tempo, relacionar a distância (dependente) com variáveis demográficas e antropométricas (independente). Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo, não-experimental, transversal, descritivo-correlativo, no qual participaram 110 estudantes universitários. Antropometria básica e sinais vitais foram medidos, e um método direto de V̇O2 máx. (teste Bruce) foi aplicado na esteira, então a distância coberta em TC6M foi estimada com duas equações disponíveis na literatura. Diferenças entre homens e mulheres nos testes aplicados, correlação entre distâncias estimadas com V̇O2 máx. e variáveis antropométricas, e medidas repetidas teste ANOVA entre V̇O2 máx. e distâncias estimadas foram usadas com SPSS v.22 (p<0,05). Resultados: Foram encontradas correlações significativas entre V̇O2 máx. e distâncias estimadas (p<0,05) na amostra, em homens e mulheres, e em alguns casos a distância correlacionada com sexo, idade, peso, altura e IMC (p<0,05). Entretanto, houve diferenças entre V̇O2 máx. e distâncias estimadas em TC6M (p<0,001). Conclusões: O método direto de V̇O2 máx. é diferente das equações de previsão de distância, embora elas tenham relações significativas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Walking/physiology , StudentsABSTRACT
Introducción. La capacidad física cardiorrespiratoria es un predictor de mortalidad por enfermedad cardiovascular y por todas las causas. Su diagnóstico en diferentes grupos tiene utilidad clínica y en salud pública. Objetivo. Evaluar la validez y reproducibilidad de un método sin ejercicio implementado por la NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), para estimar el volumen máximo de oxígeno (VO2máx) consumido en adultos universitarios. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de validación de una prueba que incluyó 94 individuos sanos de ambos sexos (18 a 55 años). La prueba de referencia fue la ergoespirometría. La validez y la reproducibilidad se evaluaron mediante el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, CCI) y el método de Bland-Altman. Resultados. Del total de los individuos incluidos en el estudio, 48,9 % fueron mujeres. La media de edad de los participantes fue de 30,54 ± 9,33 años y, la del VO2máx, fue de 41,29 ± 9,54 mlO2.kg-1.min-1. Se encontró una diferencia de medias de VO2máx entre la ergoespirometría y el estimado por el método implementado por la NASA de 3,41 ± 5,64 mlO2.kg-1.min-1. La concordancia entre los dos métodos fue buena, con un coeficiente de correlación intraclase de 0,858 (IC95% 0,672-0,926). El porcentaje de error fue del 29,70 %. La reproducibilidad de las dos estimaciones por el método implementado por la NASA fue excelente, con un coeficiente de correlación intraclase de 0,986 (IC95% 0,927-0,995). Conclusiones. El método NASA es válido y reproducible para estimar el VO2máx en adultos universitarios; además, es seguro y de fácil aplicación. Se recomienda la estimación de la capacidad física cardiorrespiratoria para mejorar la tamización en los programas de riesgo cardiometabólico e implementar intervenciones oportunas.
Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness is a predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Its assessment in different groups has clinical and public health usefulness. Objective: To evaluate the validity and reproducibility of a no-exercise method [National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) method] to estimate the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2máx) in college adults. Materials and methods: This study included 94 healthy individuals of both sexes (1855 years). The gold standard was ergospirometry. The validity and reproducibility were evaluated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Bland-Altman method. Results: Among the participants, we found a mean age of 30.54 ± 9.33 years and a VO2máx of 41.29 ± 9.54 ml O2kg-1-min-1; 48.9 % were women. A mean difference of VO2máx between ergospirometry and that estimated by the NASA method of 3.41 ± 5.64 ml O2.kg-1. min-1 was found. The concordance between the two methods was good, with an ICC of 0.858 (CI95% 0.672-0.926). The percentage of error was 29.70 %. The reproducibility of the two estimates by the NASA method was excellent, with an ICC of 0.986 (CI95% 0.927-0.995). Conclusions: The NASA method is valid and reproducible to estimate VO2máx in college adults. In addition, it is safe and easy to apply. Estimating cardiorespiratory fitness is recommended to improve screening in cardiometabolic risk programs and to implement timely interventions.
Subject(s)
Cardiorespiratory Fitness , Oxygen Consumption , Prognosis , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Resumen El fútbol como disciplina ha sido objeto de numerosas investigaciones que han permitido la potenciación de las cualidades de las personas deportistas para alcanzar el máximo rendimiento deportivo. El uso de nuevas herramientas ha permitido mejorar los procesos de selección de talentos y el desarrollo de las capacidades físicas, como es el caso de la dermatoglifia, que brinda información del genotipo de un individuo. El presente estudio pretende relacionar la composición corporal, la dermatoglifia y el consumo máximo de oxígeno en jugadores de fútbol categoría sub 20. La investigación fue cuantitativa, diseño no experimental, de tipo transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 22 futbolistas (edad 18 ± 1.1) de un club deportivo de Bogotá, a ellos se les realizó una valoración de composición corporal, se les calculó el somatotipo, se analizaron las huellas de las manos y se midió el consumo máximo de oxígeno con el Test Course Navette. Los resultados muestran predominio del somatotipo mesomorfo balanceado (53%), alta presencia de presillas "L" (66.36%), baja presencia de arcos "A" (1.82%) y un consumo máximo de oxígeno de 53.76 ± 3.73 ml/kg/min. Además, se encontraron relaciones significativas entre componentes dermatoglíficos D10-SCTL y el somatotipo endomorfo (p < 0.05), y entre el VO₂ máximo con somatotipo endomorfo y ectomorfo (p < 0.05). Se concluye que los futbolistas se caracterizan por tener una predisposición hacia la coordinación, la resistencia y la agilidad.
Abstract Soccer has generated endless research that has enhanced athlete's qualities to achieve maximum sports performance. According to the above, the use of new tools has been implemented to improve talent selection processes and develop physical abilities, as is the case with dermatoglyphics that provides information on an individual's genotype. The present study aims to relate body composition, dermatoglyphics, and maximum oxygen consumption in soccer players' category sub-20. The research had a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional design. The sample comprised 22 players (age 18±1.1) from Bogota Sports Club, Colombia. They were assessed for body composition, the somatotype was calculated, handprints were analyzed, and the maximum oxygen consumption was measured with the Test Course Navette. The results show a predominance of balanced mesomorph somatotype (53%), high presence of "L" ridges (66.36 %), low presence of "A" arches (1.82%), and maximum oxygen consumption of 53.76±3.73 ml/kg/min. Furthermore, significant relationships were found between D10-SCTL dermatoglyphic components and the endomorph somatotype (p <0.05), and between the maximum VO₂ with endomorph and ectomorph somatotype (p <0.05). It is concluded that soccer players are characterized by having a predisposition towards coordination, resistance, and agility.
Resumo O futebol como disciplina tem sido objeto de inúmeras investigações que permitiram melhorar as qualidades dos desportistas para alcançar o máximo desempenho desportivo. A utilização de novas ferramentas tornou possível melhorar os processos de seleção de talentos e o desenvolvimento de capacidades físicas, como a dermatoglifia, que fornece informações sobre o genótipo de um indivíduo. O presente estudo visa relacionar a composição corporal, dermatoglifos e o consumo máximo de oxigênio nos jogadores de futebol sub-20. A pesquisa foi quantitativa, não-experimental e transversal. A amostra consistiu em 22 jogadores de futebol (18 ± 1,1 anos) de um clube desportivo de Bogotá, que foram submetidos a uma avaliação da composição corporal, foi calculado o somatotipo, foram analisadas as impressões digitais das mãos e foi medido o consumo máximo de oxigénio através do teste Course Navette. Os resultados mostram uma predominância do somatotipo mesomorfo balanceado (53%), presença elevada de presilha em "L" (66,36%), baixa presença de arcos em "A" (1,82%) e um consumo máximo de oxigênio de 53,76 ± 3,73 ml/kg/min. Além disso, foram encontradas relações significativas entre os componentes dermatoglíficos D10-SCTL e o somatotipo endomorfo (p < 0,05), e entre VO₂ máximo com somatotipo endomorfo e ectomorfo (p < 0,05). Conclui-se que os jogadores de futebol são caracterizados por uma predisposição para a coordenação, resistência e agilidade.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Soccer/classification , Dermatoglyphics/classification , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Exercise/physiology , ColombiaSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Spirometry , Exercise/physiology , Ergometry , Heart Failure/diagnosis , Maximal Expiratory Flow Rate/physiology , Pulmonary Ventilation/physiology , Electrocardiography/methods , Exercise Test/methods , Hemodynamics/physiologyABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the postoperative cardiopulmonary fitness of children with congenital heart diseases (CHD). Methods: This is a retrospective study. A total of 136 children after cardiac correction undergoing cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in Shanghai Children's Medical Center from March 1 to June 30, 2021 were selected. According to the surgical procedure, the children were divided into two groups: the biventricular correction group (BV group) (n=75) and single ventricular correction group (SV group) (n=61). The BV group was divided into two subgroups: simple congenital heart disease (S-CHD) group (n=35) and complex congenital heart disease (C-CHD) group (n=40). CPET parameters, including VO2 max, VO2/kg max, VO2/kg@AT, O2/HR max, HRR, PetCO2 max, CI, HRR at 1 min, VE/VCO2 slope, OUES/kg and EOV, were analyzed. CPET parameters of patients underwent different procedure were compared. In the subgroup analysis, CPET parameters of patients in S-CHD group and C-CHD group were compared. The parameters of the BV group were compared with the normal value. Linear correlation analysis was used to identify the correlation between the CPET parameters. Results: A total of 136 children with CHD after surgery were enrolled. The age was (9.4±3.1) (ranged 6.2-16.0) years, and there was 84 (61.8%) male. All the children completed CPET examination safely without experiencing serious circulation abnormalities. Compared with the SV group, the VO2/kg max ((32.6±6.9) ml·kg-1·min-1 vs. (23.5±5.9) ml·kg-1·min-1, P<0.001), O2/HR max ((7.24±2.93) ml/beat vs. (6.35±2.17)ml/beat, P=0.030), HRR at 1 min ((32.5±13.9) beat/min vs. (26.3±12.5) beat/min, P=0.036), OUES/kg (36.9±8.8 vs. 29.7±11.8, P=0.001) were significantly higher, VE/VCO2 slope (29.1±5.20 vs. 35.1±8.0, P<0.001) and incidence of EOV (32.0%(24/75) vs. 57.4%(31/61), P=0.027) were significantly lower in BV group. Compared with the simple CHD subgroup, VE/VCO2 slope and the incidence of EOV were higher, VO2/kg max, O2/HR max, HRR at 1 min and OUES/kg were lower in the complex CHD subgroup (all P<0.05). Cardiopulmonary function parameters of the BV group were lower than the normal value. Linear correlation analysis showed that VO2/kg@AT was strongly correlated with VO2/kg max (r=0.86, P<0.001), VO2/kg max was strongly correlated with OUES/kg (r=0.63, P<0.001), HRR was strongly correlated with CI (r=0.91, P<0.001), and VO2/kg max was strongly correlated with OUES/kg (r=0.63, P<0.001). VE/VCO2 slope was strongly correlated with PetCO2 max (r=1.00, P<0.001). Conclusions: The exercise cardiopulmonary function of children after single ventricular correction is weaker than that of biventricular correction, and the exercise tolerance of children after biventricular correction is lower than that of normal children. Among the children after biventricular correction, the exercise tolerance of children with complex CHD is lower than that of children with simple CHD. Postoperative CPET is of important realistic significance for CHD children.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , China , Exercise Test/methods , Female , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Humans , Male , Oxygen Consumption , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Abstract Aim: To contrast the acute effects of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) with sham associated with dynamic exercises on cardiovascular, ventilatory, metabolic, and autonomic responses in men with obesity and controls. Methods: A randomized cross-over and double-blind trial with nine eutrophic (23.6 years; 23 ± 1.4 kg/m2) and ten men with obesity (26 ± 4 years; 38 ± 7 kg/m2), who were randomized to receive WB-EMS-Sham or Sham-WB-EMS with 30 min of rest between protocols. WB-EMS protocol (Miha Bodytec®) was applied at the motor level, frequency = 85 Hz, pulse duration = 350 μs, cycle on = 6′; cycle off = 4′. Sham group performed the same exercises with the electric current turned off. Throughout both protocols, subjects executed two dynamic exercises of 5 minutes each (step-up and step down associated with shoulder flexion, and lunge exercise associated with elbow flexion) in the same order. R-R intervals and breath-by-breath respiratory gases analysis were collected during the protocols. Heart rate variability (HRV) indexes were obtained using linear and nonlinear analysis. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Regarding both exercises, participants with obesity presented reduced oxygen uptake, higher ventilation, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and Borg scores (p < 0.05) when contrasted with controls, as expected. However, no significant differences were found for HRV indexes between groups (p > 0.05). In addition, WB-EMS did not increase oxygen uptake or altered autonomic modulation when contrasted with sham in both groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Obesity has a negative impact on symptoms and functional capacity. However, WB-EMS did not acutely enhance oxygen uptake or HRV during exercise in a population with obesity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Oxygen Consumption , Exercise , Functional Residual Capacity , Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation/methods , Heart Rate , Obesity/physiopathology , Double-Blind Method , Cross-Over StudiesABSTRACT
A high-precision human metabolic measurement system is designed. The system uses STM32F103 as the main control chip to acquire oxygen, carbon dioxide and flow signals to calculate four quantitative indicators: oxygen consumption(VO2), carbon dioxide production(VCO2), respiratory entropy(RQ) and resting energy metabolism(REE), and finally uses an upper computer to display the calculation results.In this paper, the signal acquisition circuit design was carried out for the oxygen sensor, carbon dioxide sensor and flow sensor, and the validity of the device was verified with the American machine MGCDiagnositcs using Bland-Altman analysis method, and the results showed that the four parameters of VO2,VCO2, RQ and REE of both devices fell in the agreement interval of more than 95%. The device thus provides accurate metabolic measurements and offers an effective tool for the field of general health and clinical nutrition support in China.
Subject(s)
Calorimetry, Indirect , Carbon Dioxide/metabolism , Energy Metabolism , Humans , Oxygen , Oxygen ConsumptionABSTRACT
Introducción: Las investigaciones sobre el entrenamiento funcional de alta intensidad son escasas a pesar de su popularidad. Objetivo: Establecer la asociación del consumo máximo de oxígeno y el rendimiento del WOD Pukie (150 burpees por tiempo) en sujetos físicamente activos. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-correlacional con enfoque cuantitativo de diseño no experimental y con una muestra no probabilística conformada por 14 hombres y 6 mujeres, las evaluaciones fueron realizadas en 2 días con una diferencia de 48 horas en las cuales el primer día se evaluó el consumo máximo de oxígeno a través del test de Course-Navette y el segundo día se aplicó el WOD Pukie, el análisis estadístico se aplicó en el IBM SPSS V.22 (Demo) (95% de confianza y un p-valor de 0,05) en el cual se aplicó la prueba de normalidad de Shapiro-Wilk, el coeficiente correlacional de Pearson (p > 0,05) y Spearman (p 0,05). Conclusión: En conclusión, el consumo máximo de oxigeno no es un predictor significativo del rendimiento en el WOD Pukie en sujetos físicamente activos(AU)
Introduction: Few studies have been conducted about high intensity functional training, despite the popularity of this form of exercise. Objective: Establish the association between maximal oxygen consumption and Pukie WOD performance (150 burpees per time unit) in physically active subjects. Methods: A non-experimental correlational-descriptive quantitative study was conducted of a nonprobability sample of 14 men and 6 women. The evaluations were performed in two days, with a separation of 48 hours between them. Maximal oxygen consumption was measured on the first day using the Course-Navette test, and the Pukie WOD was applied on the second day. Statistical analysis was performed with the software IBM SPSS V.22 (Demo) (95% confidence and a p-value of 0.05), the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Pearson's chi-squared test (p > 0.05) and Spearman's correlation coefficient (p 0.05). Conclusion: Maximal oxygen consumption is not a significant predictor of Pukie WOD performance in physically active subjects(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Oxygen , Oxygen Consumption , Exercise , Cardiorespiratory Fitness , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Athletic PerformanceABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Repeated sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) represents an innovative method in the process of development and improvement of physical performance among athletes. However, there is less scientific data on this topic. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of RSH method on motor abilities and performance among athletes, obtain new information, and expand the already known conclusions. The data search was performed of 4 electronic databases for the years 2000-2021 May as follows: Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and ResearchGate. This search with English language restriction was made by using the following terms, individually/combination: "repeated sprint ability", "hypoxia", "effects", "physical performance", "VO2max" 844 studies were indentified, and 14 studies were selected (11 male studies, 1 female study, 2 both sexes). Results of this systematic review, a total sample size of 347 athletes (40 females and 307 males, aged 15.3 ± 0.5 - 35 ± 7 years), showed that RSH was an effective training method in improving all monitored variables (i.e. RSAmax, VO2max). However, it should be noted that major improvements were observed mainly in repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests, and less in aerobic tests (i.e. Wingate and Yo-Yo). In conclusion, based on current scientific studies, RSH is more effective method to improve the physical performance among athletes compared to repeated sprint training in normoxia (RSN). This study suggested that the RSH has a positive effect on the monitored variables in physical performance tests especially related to RSA.
RESUMEN: El entrenamiento de velocidad repetida en hipoxia (RSH) representa un método innovador en el proceso de desarrollo y mejora del rendimiento físico entre los deportistas. Sin embargo, existen pocos datos científicos sobre este tema. El propósito de esta revisión sistemática fue investigar el efecto del método RSH sobre las habilidades motoras y el rendimiento de los atletas, obtener nueva información y ampliar las conclusiones ya conocidas. La búsqueda de datos se realizó en 4 bases de datos electrónicas: Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science e Research Gate para los años 2000- a mayo de 2021. Esta búsqueda se realizó en artículos en idioma inglés mediante el uso de los siguientes términos, individualmente / combinación: "capacidad de sprint repetido", "hipoxia", "efectos", "rendimiento físico" y "VO2max" Se identificaron 844 estudios y se seleccionaron 14 de ellos (11 estudios realizados en hombres, un estudio realizado en mujeres y dos estudios realizados en am- bos sexos). Los resultados mostraron, un tamaño muestral total de 347 atletas (40 mujeres y 307 hombres, de 15,3 ± 0,5 - 35 ± 7 años). Se observó que la RSH fue un método de entrenamiento eficaz para mejorar todas las variables monitorizadas (es decir, RSAmax y VO2max). Sin embargo, se debe tener en consideración que se observaron mejoras importantes, principalmente, en las pruebas de capacidad de sprint repetido (RSA), y menos en las pruebas aeróbicas (es decir, Wingate y Yo-Yo). En conclusión, según los estudios científicos actuales, la RSH es un método más eficaz para mejorar el rendimiento físico entre los atletas en comparación con el entrenamiento de velocidad repetida en normoxia (RSN). Este estudio sugirió que la RSH tiene un efecto positivo sobre las variables monitoreadas en las pruebas de rendimiento físico especialmente relacionadas con RSA.
Subject(s)
Humans , Running/physiology , Exercise , Athletic Performance/physiology , Hypoxia , Oxygen Consumption/physiologyABSTRACT
Resumo Fundamento: O teste do degrau de seis minutos (TD6) é uma forma simples de avaliar a capacidade funcional, embora tenha sido pouco estudado em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana (DAC) ou insuficiência cardíaca (IC). Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre o TD6 e o consumo de oxigênio de pico (VO2pico) e desenvolver uma equação que estime o VO2pico com base no TD6, bem como determinar um ponto de corte para o TD6 que preveja um VO2pico ≥ 20 mL.kg-1.min-1 Métodos: Nos 171 pacientes submetidos ao TD6 e a um teste de exercício cardiopulmonar, análises da curva ROC, de regressão e de correlação foram usadas, e um p < 0,05 foi admitido como significativo. Resultados: A idade média foi 60±14 anos, e 74% eram do sexo masculino. A média da fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda foi 57±16%; 74% apresentavam DAC, e 28%, IC. A média do VO2pico foi 19±6 mL.kg-1.min-1, e o desempenho médio do TD6 foi 87±45 passos. A associação entre o TD6 e o VO2pico foi r 0,69 (p < 0,001). Os modelos VO2pico = 19,6 + (0,075 x TD6) - (0,10 x idade) para homens e VO2pico = 19,6 + (0,075 x TD6) - (0,10 x idade) - 2 para mulheres poderiam prever o VO2pico com base nos resultados do TD6 (R ajustado 0,72; R2 ajustado 0,53). O ponto de corte mais acurado para que o TD6 preveja um VO2pico ≥ 20 mL.kg-1.min-1 foi de > 105 passos [área sob a curva 0,85; intervalo de confiança de 95% 0,79 - 0,90; p < 0,001]. Conclusão: Uma equação que preveja o VO2pico com base nos resultados do TD6 foi derivada, e foi encontrada uma associação significativa entre o TD6 e o VO2pico. O ponto de corte do TD6, que prevê um VO2pico ≥ 20 mL.kg-1.min-1, foi > 105 passos. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(5):889-895)
Abstract Background: Six-minute step test (6MST) is a simple way to evaluate functional capacity, although it has not been well studied in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) or heart failure (HF). Objective: Analyze the association between the 6MST and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and develop an equation for estimating VO2peak based on the 6MST, as well as to determine a cutoff point for the 6MST that predicts a VO2peak ≥20 mL.Kg-1.min-1 Methods: In 171 patients who underwent the 6MST and a cardiopulmonary exercise test, correlation, regression, and ROC analysis were used and a p < 0.05 was admitted as significant. Results: mean age was 60±14 years and 74% were male. Mean left ventricle ejection fraction was 57±16%, 74% had CAD and 28% had HF. Mean VO2peak was 19±6 mL.Kg-1.min-1 and mean 6MST performance was 87±45 steps. Association between 6MST and VO2peak was r 0.69 (p <0.001). The model VO2peak =19.6 + (0.075 x 6MST) - (0.10 x age) for men and VO2peak =19.6 + (0.075 x 6MST) - (0.10 x age) - 2 for women could predict VO2peak based on 6MST results (adjusted R 0.72; adjusted R2 0.53). The most accurate cutoff point for 6MST to predict a VO2peak ≥20 mL.Kg-1.min-1 was >105 steps (AUC 0.85; 95% CI 0.79 -0.90; p <0.001). Conclusion: An equation for predicting VO2peak based on 6MST results was derived, and a significant association was found between 6MST and VO2peak. The cutoff point for 6MST, which predicts a VO2peak ≥20 mL.Kg-1.min-1, was >105 steps. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(5):889-895)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Aged , Coronary Artery Disease , Heart Failure , Oxygen Consumption , Ventricular Function, Left , Exercise Test , Middle AgedABSTRACT
SUMMARY: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is zed by achieving similar effects to conventional physical and physiological training in a shorter time, allowing its dissemination in the sports field. The present study was aimed to analyze the effects of a HIIT program on body composition and general and specific physical fitness in Chilean female field hockey players. Experimental, repeated measures, simple blind, parallel groups, and a quantitative approach were used. The participants were randomized, and distributed into a control group (CG; n= 10) that maintained regular field hockey training and an experimental group (EG; n= 10) that also received complementary training with HIIT. Body composition (muscle mass and adipose mass), general physical fitness (jump performance with countermovement jump [CMJ] and maximum oxygen consumption [VO2max] were evaluated with the test Course-Navette), and specific physical fitness (pushing speed, dribbling speed, and shooting accuracy) were assessed with established protocols. Pre- and post-intervention comparisons were made with Student's t and Wilcoxon tests, considering p<0.05. The main results indicate that the EG presented a significant increase in muscle mass (p = 0.024; d = 0.62), CMJ (p = 0.005; d = 1.10), VO2max (p = 0.001; d = 1.58) and a significant reduction in adipose mass (p = 0.023; d = 0.36) and time in pushing speed (p = 0.028; d = 0.79). The CG did not present significant changes in any of the variables analyzed, and no significant differences were reported between the groups. In conclusion, eight weeks of HIIT significantly increases muscle mass, jump performance, and VO2max and significantly reduces adipose mass and time in pushing speed in Chilean female field hockey players.
RESUMEN: El entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad (EIAI) se caracteriza por conseguir en un menor tiempo efec- tos similares al entrenamiento convencional a nivel físico y fisiológico, lo que ha permitido su difusión en el ámbito deportivo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los efectos de un programa de EIAI sobre la composición corporal, condición física general y específica en mujeres chilenas que practican hockey césped. Estudio experimental, de medidas repetidas, simple ciego, grupos paralelos y enfoque cuantitativo. Las participantes fueron aleatorizadas y distribuidas en grupo control (GC; n=10) que mantuvo los entrenamientos regulares de hockey césped y grupo experimental (GE; n=10) que además recibió de complemento EIAI. Se evaluó la composición corporal (masa muscular y masa adiposa), condición física general (capacidad de salto con el salto contra movimiento [CMJ] y consumo máximo de oxígeno [VO2máx] con la prueba Course de Navette) y condición física específica (velocidad de empuje, velocidad de dribling y precisión de tiro) con protocolos establecidos. Se realizaron comparaciones pre y post intervención con las pruebas t de Student y Wilcoxon, considerando un p<0,05. Los principales resultados indican que el GE presentó un aumento significativo de la masa muscular (p=0,024; d=0,62), CMJ (p=0,005; d=1,10), VO2máx (p=0,001; d=1,58) y, una reducción significativa, de la masa adiposa (p=0,023; d=0,36) y del tiempo en la velocidad de empuje (p=0,028; d=0,79). El GC no presentó cambios significativos en ninguna de las variables analizadas, mientras que no se reportaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos. En conclusión, ocho semanas de EIAI aumentan significativamente la masa muscular, capacidad de salto y VO2máx, además de reducir significativamente la masa adiposa y el tiempo en la velocidad de empuje en mujeres chilenas que practican hockey césped.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Body Composition , Athletic Performance , High-Intensity Interval Training , Hockey , Oxygen Consumption , Anthropometry , Physical FitnessABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction: Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive technique that is used in the assessment of tissue oxygenation and the monitoring of physical activity. Objective: To determine the influence of sexual, anthropometric and ergospirometric factors on muscle oxygenation of the quadriceps and gastrocnemius, obtained by NIRS during a stress test. Methods: Twenty healthy subjects participated in this study (10 women). Two Humon Hex® devices were placed on the dominant side of the quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles to measure muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2). The stress test was performed on a treadmill with electrocardiographic control and measurement of oxygen consumption. SmO2 was obtained at rest and after maximum effort during the stress test. In addition, the height, weight, skinfold and waist contour were measured. Bioimpedance was used to obtain the percentages of fat mass and muscle mass, which were used to calculate the relative fat mass (RFM). Results: The SmO2 of both muscles at rest is higher in males than in females. At maximum effort, the SmO2 of the quadriceps is similar in both groups. The SmO2 of both muscles is positively related to height, body mass, percentage of mass muscle and waist contour, and negatively with percentage of mass fat, RFM and skinfold thickness. The negative correlation between fat percentage and oxygen saturation is more evident in females. It was observed that the variables that quantify maximum effort are not related to the SmO2 values, except for the correlation between HR max and SmO2 of the gastrocnemius muscle in males. Conclusion: The SmO2 of recreational athletes is influenced by the location of the device and the fat mass of the subjects. The biggest differences between the sexes are in the gastrocnemius muscle. Level of Evidence II; Diagnostic Studies - Investigating a Diagnostic Test .
RESUMEN Introducción: La espectroscopia de infrarrojo cercano (NIRS) es una técnica no invasiva usada en la evaluación de la oxigenación tisular y en la monitorización de la actividad física. Objetivos: Determinar la influencia de factores sexuales, antropométricos y ergoespirométricos sobre la oxigenación muscular de cuádriceps y del gastrocnemio, obtenidos por NIRS durante un test de esfuerzo. Métodos: Participaron en este estudio 20 individuos saludables (10 mujeres). Se colocaron dos dispositivos Humon Hex® en el lado dominante de los músculos cuádriceps y gastrocnemio para medir la saturación de oxígeno muscular (SmO2). El test de esfuerzo fue realizado en una cinta ergométrica con control electrocardiográfico y medición del consumo de oxígeno. La SmO2 fue obtenida en reposo y después de esfuerzo máximo durante el test. Además, fueron medidos altura, peso, pliegues cutáneos y contorno de la cintura. Fue usada bioimpedancia para obtener los porcentuales de masa grasa y masa muscular, que fueron usados para calcular la masa grasa relativa (MGR). Resultados: La SmO2 de ambos músculos en reposo es mayor en hombres que en mujeres. En el esfuerzo máximo la SmO2 del cuádriceps es semejante en los dos grupos. La SmO2 de ambos músculos es positivamente relacionada con altura, masa corporal, porcentual de masa muscular y contorno de la cintura y negativamente relacionada con el porcentaje de masa grasa, MGR y espesor de los pliegues cutáneos. La correlación negativa entre el porcentual de grasa y la saturación de oxígeno es más evidente en las mujeres. Se observó que variables que cuantifican el esfuerzo máximo no está relacionadas con los valores SmO2, excepto por la correlación entre FCmáx y SmO2 del músculo gastrocnemio en sexo masculino. Conclusión: La SmO2 de los atletas recreativos es influenciada por la localización del dispositivo y por la masa grasa de los individuos. Las mayores diferencias entre los sexos están en el músculo gastrocnemio. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudios diagnósticos - Investigación de un examen para diagnóstico .
RESUMO Introdução: A espectroscopia de infravermelho próximo (NIRS) é uma técnica não invasiva usada na avaliação da oxigenação tecidual e no monitoramento da atividade física. Objetivos: Determinar a influência de fatores sexuais, antropométricos e ergoespirométricos sobre a oxigenação muscular do quadríceps e do gastrocnêmio obtidos por NIRS durante um teste de esforço. Métodos: Participaram deste estudo 20 indivíduos saudáveis (10 mulheres). Dois dispositivos Humon Hex® foram colocados no lado dominante dos músculos quadríceps e gastrocnêmio para medir a saturação de oxigênio muscular (SmO2). O teste de esforço foi realizado em uma esteira com controle eletrocardiográfico e mensuração do consumo de oxigênio. A SmO2foi obtida em repouso e depois de esforço máximo durante o teste. Além disso, foram medidos estatura, peso, dobras cutâneas e contorno da cintura. A bioimpedância foi usada para obter os percentuais de massa gorda e massa muscular, que foram usados para calcular a massa gorda relativa (MGR). Resultados: A SmO2de ambos os músculos em repouso é maior em homens do que em mulheres. No esforço máximo, a SmO2do quadríceps é semelhante nos dois os grupos. A SmO2de ambos os músculos é positivamente relacionada com estatura, massa corporal, percentual de massa muscular e contorno da cintura e negativamente relacionada com a porcentagem de massa gorda, MGR e espessura das dobras cutâneas. A correlação negativa entre o percentual de gordura e a saturação de oxigênio é mais evidente nas mulheres. Observou-se que variáveis que quantificam o esforço máximo não estão relacionadas com os valores SmO2, exceto pela correlação entre FCmáx e SmO2do músculo gastrocnêmio no sexo masculino. Conclusão: A SmO2dos atletas recreativos é influenciada pela localização do dispositivo e pela massa gorda dos indivíduos. As maiores diferenças entre os sexos estão no músculo gastrocnêmio. Nível de Evidência II; Estudos diagnósticos - Investigação de um exame para diagnóstico .
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Oxygen Consumption , Exercise Tolerance/physiology , Quadriceps Muscle/metabolism , Body Composition , Sex Factors , Anthropometry , Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared , Exercise TestABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: Visfatin may regulate a variety of physiological functions and it has great potential to significantly enhance our knowledge of the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome (MS) refers to metabolic abnormalities, such as abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, high low-density cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes, and physical activity is an important factor for the management of MS. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of visfatin on MS and MS risk factors through differences in aerobic exercise intensity and exercise type based on the premise of the same amount of exercise (energy expenditure of 400 kcal per day). Method: Thirty two obese, middle-aged women were randomly assigned to exercise intensity groups VO2max 50% (MAE, n=8) and VO2max 80% (VAE, n=8) and to type of exercise groups VO2max 50% + TRX (MARE, n=8) and VO2max 80% + TRX (VARE, n=8). The exercise program was performed 5 times a week. The data was analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc tests within groups with LSD. Results: Body weight (p<.01 and p<.001) and % body fat (p<.05 and p<.01) significantly decreased in all groups and visfatin only increased significantly after exercise in the VARE group (p<.05). TG, glucose, and waist circumstance (p<.05, p<.01, and p<.001) significantly decreased in all groups and HDL-C (p<.05) only increased significantly after exercise only in the MARE group. Conclusion: These results suggest that, in spite of differences in exercise intensity and exercise type, exercise is effective in improving obesity and MS risk factors, but further research is needed on the exact mechanisms of visfatin. Level of evidence I; Therapeutic Studies Investigating the Results of Treatment .
RESUMEN Objetivo: La visfatina puede regular diversas funciones fisiológicas y tiene gran potencial para mejorar significativamente nuestro conocimiento sobre el tratamiento del síndrome metabólico. El síndrome metabólico (SM) se refiere a anormalidades metabólicas, como obesidad abdominal, dislipidemia, colesterol de baja densidad elevado, hipertensión y diabetes, siendo la actividad física un factor importante para el manejo del SM. Siendo así, el objetivo de este estudio es investigar los efectos de la visfatina sobre los factores de riesgo de SM por medio de diferencias de la intensidad de ejercicios aeróbicos y del tipo de ejercicio, con base en la premisa de misma cantidad de ejercicio (gasto energético de 400 kcal por día). Método: Treinta y dos mujeres obesas de media edad fueron aleatoriamente designadas para grupos de intensidad de ejercicio con VO2máx de 50% (EAM, n = 8) y VO2máx de 80% (EAV, n = 8) y grupos con VO2máx de 50% + ERC (EARM, n = 8) y VO2máx de 80% + ERC (EARV, n = 8). El programa de ejercicios fue realizado cinco veces por semana. Los datos fueron analizados con ANOVA de dos vías con medidas repetidas y tests post-hoc en los grupos con DMS. Resultados: El peso corporal (p < 0,01 y p < 0,001) y porcentual de grasa corporal (p < 0,05 y p < 0,01) disminuyeron significativamente en todos los grupos y la visfatina sólo aumentó significativamente después del ejercicio en el grupo EARV (p < 0,05). Los triglicéridos, la glucosa y la circunferencia de la cintura (p < 0,05, p < 0,01 e p < 0,001) disminuyeron significativamente en todos los grupos y el HDL-C (p < 0,05) sólo aumentó significativamente después del ejercicio sólo en el grupo EARM. Conclusión: Esos resultados sugieren que, a pesar de las diferencias de intensidad y tipo de los ejercicios, los mismos son eficaces para mejorar la obesidad y los factores de riesgo del SM, por ende, son necesarias más investigaciones sobre los mecanismos exactos de la visfatina. Nivel de Evidencia I; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento .
RESUMO Objetivo: A visfatina pode regular diversas funções fisiológicas e tem grande potencial para aprimorar significativamente nosso conhecimento sobre o tratamento da síndrome metabólica. A síndrome metabólica (SM) refere-se a anormalidades metabólicas, como obesidade abdominal, dislipidemia, colesterol de baixa densidade elevado, hipertensão e diabetes, sendo a atividade física um fator importante para o manejo da SM. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste estudo é investigar os efeitos da visfatina sobre os fatores de risco de SM por meio de diferenças da intensidade de exercícios aeróbicos e do tipo de exercício, com base na premissa de mesma quantidade de exercício (gasto energético de 400 kcal por dia). Método: Trinta e duas mulheres obesas de meia-idade foram randomicamente designadas para grupos de intensidade de exercício com VO2máxde 50% (EAM, n = 8) e VO2máxde 80% (EAV, n = 8) e grupos com VO2máxde 50% + ERC (EARM, n = 8) e VO2máxde 80% + ERC (EARV, n = 8). O programa de exercícios foi realizado 5 vezes por semana. Os dados foram analisados com ANOVA de duas vias com medidas repetidas e testes post-hoc nos grupos com DMS. Resultados: O peso corporal (p < 0,01 e p < 0,001) e percentual de gordura corporal (p < 0,05 e p < 0,01) diminuíram significativamente em todos os grupos e a visfatina só aumentou significativamente depois do exercício no grupo EARV (p < 0,05). Triglicérides, glicose e circunferência da cintura (p < 0,05, p < 0,01 e p < 0,001) diminuíram significativamente em todos os grupos e o HDL-C (p < 0,05) só aumentou significativamente depois o exercício apenas no grupo EARM. Conclusão: Esses resultados sugerem que, apesar das diferenças de intensidade e tipo dos exercícios, eles são eficazes para melhorar a obesidade e os fatores de risco da SM, porém, são necessárias mais pesquisas sobre os mecanismos exatos da visfatina. Nível de Evidência I; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento .
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Exercise , Metabolic Syndrome/enzymology , Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase/metabolism , Obesity/enzymology , Oxygen Consumption , Anthropometry , Risk Factors , Metabolic Syndrome/blood , Obesity/bloodABSTRACT
Resumen: Antecedentes: Los pacientes con circulación de Fontan (PCF) presentan limitación cardíaca durante el esfuerzo máximo lo que repercute en menor capacidad de ejercicio (VO2-peak). La rehabilitación cardiovascular (RC) revierte este desacondicionamiento, al aumentar el gasto cardíaco y diferencia arteriovenosa de oxígeno, aspectos evaluados con monitorización invasiva y gases exhalados. La valoración no invasiva de la saturación muscular de oxígeno (SmO2) es un método de reciente aplicación para evaluar la limitación muscular al ejercicio. En PCF esta limitación puede atribuirse a la mayor acción de músculos respiratorios (cambios ventilatorios) y/o locomotores (carga periférica). Objetivo: Evaluar el trabajo de músculos respiratorios y locomotores durante el ejercicio físico máximo e incremental mediante los cambios en la SmO2. Métodos: A seis PCF (5 hombres; 13.8±2.9 años; 158±9cm; 49.8±13.3 kg) se les valoró el VO2-peak (23.0±4.5mL·kg-1·min-1) mediante ciclo-ergoespirometría sincrónicamente con SmO2 en músculos respiratorios (SmO2-m.Intercostales) y locomotores (SmO2-m.Vastus-Laterallis) mediante espectroscopía cercana al rango infrarrojo durante el test cardiopulmonar. Resultados: SmO2-m.Intercostales disminuyó desde el 60% del VO2-peak (p<0.05), mientras que SmO2-m.Vastus-Laterallis no cambió. La ventilación pulmonar (VE) aumentó progresivamente, siendo significativo a partir del 60% VO2-peak (p<0.05). La mayor desoxigenación de SmO2-m.Intercostales (∆SmO2) se asoció con los máximos cambios en ventilación pulmonar (∆VE) en ejercicio (rho=0.80; p=0.05). Conclusiones: Durante un protocolo de esfuerzo, los pacientes con circulación de Fontan presentan mayor trabajo muscular respiratorio que locomotor. Los cambios en la ventilación pulmonar se asocian a mayor extracción de oxígeno en la musculatura respiratoria, reforzando la necesidad de incorporar el entrenamiento respiratorio en la rehabilitación cardiovascular.
Abstract: Background: During a maximum incremental exercise patients with Fontan circulation (PFC) show cardiac limitation reducing aerobic exercise capacity (VO2-peak). Cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) reverses this deconditioning by increasing cardiac output and arteriovenous oxygen difference, aspects that can be evaluated by invasive methods and analyzing the exhaled gases. Non-invasive assessment of muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) is a novel method for recording local oxygen levels. By this technology, it is possible to evaluate the muscle limitation to exercise. In PFC, that limitation could be attributed to higher contractions of respiratory (ventilatory changes) and/ or locomotor muscles (peripheral load). Objective: To evaluate in PFC the changes at SmO2 of respiratory and locomotor muscles during a maximum and incremental exercise protocol (cardiopulmonary test, VO2-peak). Methods: Six PFC (5 men; 13.8±2.9 years; 158±9 cm; 49.8±13.3 kg) were assessed during the VO2peak test (23.0±4.5mL·kg-1·min-1) by cyclo-ergospirometry synchronously with SmO2 at respiratory (SmO2-m.Intercostales) and locomotor (SmO2-m. Vastus-Laterallis) muscles by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). Results: SmO2-m.Intercostales decreased from 60% of VO2-peak (p<0.05), while SmO2-m.Vastus-Laterallis did not change. Minute ventilation (VE) increased progressively, showing changes to rest at 60% of VO2-peak (p<0.05). The higher deoxygenation of SmO2-m.Intercostales (∆SmO2) correlated to maximum changes of lung ventilation (∆VE) (rho=0.80; p=0.05). Conclusions: During an incremental and maximum exercise protocol, patients with Fontan circulation have more work at respiratory than locomotor muscles. Changes in VE are direct associated with greater extraction of oxygen at respiratory muscles, reinforcing the incorporation of respiratory muscle training in cardiovascular rehabilitation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Respiratory Muscles/physiology , Fontan Procedure , Pulmonary Ventilation/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Exercise Tolerance , Exercise Test , Oxygen Saturation , Heart Rate/physiologyABSTRACT
O presente estudo analisou a relação entre cronotipo, níveis de ansiedade, depressão e estresse, bem como níveis de condicionamento cardiorrespiratório em jovens. Métodos: Foi analisado um total de 36 participantes com idades entre 18 e 28 a nos, saudáveis e que atendessem ao cronotipo matutino e vespertino. Análises de nível de atividade física, consumo máximo de oxigênio, níveis de depressão, ansiedade e estresse foram realizadas com testes específicos. Em todos os cálculos foram utilizados um alfa de p<0.05 para análise estatística. Resultados: O nível de atividade física mostrou que a porcentagem dos matutinos suficientemente ativos foi de 58% comparado com 23.5% dos vespertinos. Mulheres com cronotipo vespertino apresentaram níveis menores de VO2máx quando comparados com as mulheres com cronotipo matutino (p=0.04). Os participantes vespertinos apresentaram níveis maiores de ansiedade (p=0.02) comparados com os matutinos e esses dados foram evidentes nos participantes do sexo feminino onde as mulheres do cronotipo vespertino apresentaram níveis maiores de ansiedade (p=0.03) comparados com mulheres de cronotipo matutino. Conclusão: Portanto, o estudo conclui que indivíduos do cronotipo vespertino apresentaram menores níveis de atividade física e maiores níveis de ansiedade evidenciados principalmente nas mulheres.(AU)
The present study analyzed a relationship between schedule, anxiety, depression and stress levels, as well as cardiorespiratory fitness levels in young people. Methods: A total of 36 healthy participants aged 18 to 28 years who met the criteria for chronotypes morning type and evening type were analyzed. Analyzes of physical activity level, maximal oxygen uptake, depression, anxiety and stress levels were performed. In all calculations, an alpha of p <0.05 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The level of physical activity was higher in morning types 58% compared to 23.5% of evening types. Women with evening chronotype had lower VO2max levels compared with women with a morning chronotype (p= 0.04). Evening types had higher anxiety levels (p= 0.02) compared to morning types and these data were evidenced in female participants with higher anxiety levels (p=0.03) compared to women with a morning chronotype. Conclusion: Therefore, the study concludes that young people with a evening chronotype exhibited lower levels of physical activity and higher anxiety levels, especially in women.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Anxiety , Oxygen Consumption , Exercise , Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm , Depression , Cardiorespiratory Fitness , Anxiety Disorders , Stress, Psychological , Biological Clocks , Heart RateABSTRACT
: O exercício físico, em especial a corrida de rua tem sido recomendada para prevenção e tratamento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi verificar os efeitos de diferentes métodos de treinamento sobre os indicadores cardiometabólicos de corredores recreacionais. As bases de dados eletrônicas utilizadas na presente pesquisa foram: PUBMED, SCIENCE DIRECT, LILACS e COCHRANE LIBRARY, usando os descritores agrupados segundo o método PICO; População ("adults" OR "young adult" OR "middle aged") AND Intervenção ("endurance training" OR "aerobic training" OR "running") OR Comparação ("recreational runners" OR "jogging") AND Outcome/Desfecho ("cardiovascular risk factors" OR "cardiometabolic risk factors" OR "metabolic syndrome"). Na seleção os artigos foram excluídos por título, resumo e texto. Obteve-se um total de 813 artigos encontrados, no qual nove (9) preencheram os critérios de inclusão e baixo risco de viés de acordo com a Escala Testex. Foram encontrados três métodos de treinamento: Combinado (Contínuo +Intervalado); Contínuo e Intervalado. Considerando a somatória das amostras dos nove estudos, um total de 604 indivíduos (466 homens e 138 mulheres) participaram dos ensaios. Os diferentes métodos de treinamentos resultaram na redução dos níveis de triglicerídeos, insulina e glicose e na redução do colesterol total e LDL, e consequentemente o aumento do HDL. Na composição corporal houve diminuição significativa do peso e da gordura corporal, do IMC, na medida da circunferência da cintura, e no aumento da capacidade aeróbia (VO2). Concluiu-se que os treinamentos combinado, contínuo e intervalado podem ser aplicados para melhora dos indicadores cardiometabólicos, cada um dentro da sua especificidade de frequência, volume e intensidade.(AU)
Physical exercise, especially running, has been recommended for the prevention and treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases. The objective of this systematic review was to verify the effects of different training methods on the cardiometabolic indicators of recreational runners. The electronic databases used in the present research were: PUBMED, SCIENCE DIRECT, LILACS and COCHRANE LIBRARY, using the descriptors grouped according to the PICO method; Population ("adults" OR "young adult" OR "middle aged") AND Intervention ("endurance training" OR "aerobic training" OR "running") OR Comparison ("recreational runners" OR "jogging") AND Outcome / Outcome ("Cardiovascular risk factors" OR "cardiometabolic risk factors" OR "metabolic syndrome"). In the selection, articles were excluded by title, abstract and text. A total of 813 articles were obtained, in which nine (9) met the inclusion criteria and low risk of bias according to the Testex Scale. Three training methods were found: Combined (Continuous + Interval); Continuous and Interval. Considering the sum of the samples from the nine studies, a total of 604 individuals (466 men and 138 women) participated in the trials. The different training methods resulted in a reduction in the levels of triglycerides, insulin and glucose and in the reduction of total cholesterol and LDL, and consequently an increase in HDL. In body composition, there was a significant decrease in weight and body fat, in BMI, as measured by waist circumference, and in increased aerobic capacity (VO2). It is concluded that combined, continuous and interval training can be applied to improve cardiometabolic indicators, each within its specific frequency, volume and intensity.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Running/physiology , Biomarkers/blood , Physical Fitness/physiology , Endurance Training/methods , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Triglycerides/blood , Body Composition , Cholesterol/blood , Arterial Pressure/physiology , Cardiometabolic Risk Factors , Glucose/analysis , Heart Rate/physiology , Insulin/bloodABSTRACT
Este estudo objetivou comparar a influência do uso de polainas de compressão nas respostas fisiológicas, perceptuais e afetivas durante a corrida em corredores recreacionais. Dez corredores recreacionais (31,5 ± 9,7 anos) participaram deste estudo. Todos os sujeitos completaram três visitas ao laboratório: (a) familiarização e teste incremental até a exaustão (b) duas sessões de exercícios realizadas em dias diferentes. Cada sessão envolveu o mesmo protocolo de exercícios (20 minutos continuamente a uma intensidade de 80% da velocidade máxima da esteira a lcançada no teste incremental até a exaustão), com ou sem o uso de meias de compressão. A Felt Arousal Scale (FAS), Feeling Scale (FS), percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE), o consumo de oxigênio (VO2) e a frequência cardíaca (FC) foram registradas durante cada sessão experimental. Os resultados não mostraram diferenças entre as condições fisiológicas (% VO2máx: 88,1 ± 8,3 vs 87,1 ± 11,32; % HR: 91,8 ± 2,8 vs 90,8 ± 3,2), e as respostas perceptuais (PSE: 6,4 ± 1,2 vs 6,2 ± 1,4) e afetivas (FS: 0,35 ± 2,4 vs 0,37 ± 2,3; FAS: 4,3 ± 0,7 vs 4,3 ± 1,1) durante cada sessão de exercício. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam que o uso de polainas de compressão não promove benefícios fisiológicos, perceptuais e afetivas durante a corrida em corredores recreacionais.(AU)
This study aimed to compare the influence of wearing compression stockings on physiological, perceptual, and affective respon ses during running in recreational runners. Ten recreational runners (31.5 ± 9.7 years) participated in this study. All subjects completed three visits to the lab: (a) familiarization and incremental test until exhaustion (b) two exercise sessions conducted on different days. Each session involved the same exercise protocol (20 min continuously at an intensity of 80% of the maximum treadmill speed achieved in the incremental test until exhaustion), with or without the use of compression stockings. The Felt Arousal Scale (FAS), Feeling Scale (FS), Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), oxygen consumption (VO2), and heart rate (HR) were recorded during each experimental session. Results showed no differ ences between the conditions of physiological (% VO2máx: 88.1 ± 8.3 vs 87.1 ± 11.32; % HR: 91.8 ± 2.8 vs 90.8 ± 3.2), perceptual (RPE: 6.4 ± 1.2 vs 6.2 ± 1.4) and affective (FS: 0.35 ± 2.4 vs 0.37 ± 2.3; FAS: 4.3 ± 0.7 vs 4.3 ± 1.1) responses during each exercise sessio n. The results of the present study suggest that wearing of compression stockings does not promote physiological, perceptual, and affective benefits during running of recreational runners.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Running/physiology , Affect , Physical Exertion/physiology , Stockings, Compression , Heart Rate/physiologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es neurodegenerativa, explicada por la pérdida de neuronas dopaminérgicas de la sustancia negra, afecta mayormente a personas mayores de 60 años. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los beneficios tanto en la sintomatología motora como no motora, tras aplicar un programa de 16 semanas de actividad física en personas con esta enfermedad que pertenecen a la Fundación Parkinson del Ecuador (FUNDAPE). MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: El presente es un estudio de intervención cuasiexperimental, con una muestra de 17 pacientes con diagnóstico de Enfermedad de Parkinson que realizaron un programa de 16 semanas de ejercicio físico aeróbico, para analizar su beneficio el consumo máximo de oxígeno, la motricidad, el equilibrio, la cognición, la composición corporal, y la presencia de depresión. Para el análisis de los resultados se utilizó la prueba de Wilconson "t de Student". Se consideró n un nivel de confianza del 95%, un error del 5%. RESULTADOS: El consumo máximo de oxígeno, mejoró en 29.86% tras la intervención. El porcentaje de masa grasa bajó en 10.78%. El porcentaje de peso muscular subió un 4.58%. Referente a los Test, la media del puntaje del Test UPRDS mejoró en 8.29%; la media del puntaje del test de la Escala de Berg mejoró en 6.25%; en la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica Yesavage, el porcentaje de pacientes con posible depresión disminuyó de 42.86% a 7.14% en el grupo con evolución de EP menor a 5 años, y de 66.67% a 33.33% en el grupo de pacientes con evolución de EP mayor a 5 años; en el test Minimental del Estado Mental de Folstein, no se encontró beneficios. CONCLUSIÓN: El presente estudio evidenció que existen beneficios estadísticamente significativos de la aplicación de un programa de ejercicio aeróbico de 16 semanas de duración en pacientes con Enfermedad de Parkinson, en relación a los síntomas motores y no motores de la enfermedad, la composición corporal, el consumo máximo de oxígeno. No se encontró beneficios significativos en relación al deterioro cognitivo asociado a la enfermedad. Los beneficios fueron mayores en los pacientes menores a 60 años de edad y también fueron mayores cuando la evolución de la enfermedad fue menor a 5 años.
BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is neurodegenerative, explained by the loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, affecting most commonly people over 60 years of age. The aim of this study was to analyze the benefits in both motor and non-motor symptoms, found after a 16-week pro- gram of physical activity in people with this disease who belong to the Parkinson Foundation of Ecuador (FUNDAPE). METHODS: This is a quasi-experimental interventional study, with a sample of 17 patients with Parkin- son's disease diagnosis that went through a 16 week program of aerobic exercise, to analyze its impact on maximum oxygen consumption, motor skills, balance, cognition, body composition, and presence of depression. For the analysis, Wilconson "t-test" was applied. Confidence interval was 95%, 5% error. RESULTS: The maximum oxygen consumption improved 29.86%. The percentage of fat mass decreased 10.78%. The muscle weight percentage increased 4.58%. Regarding the different evaluated tests, the mean score for UPRDS improved 8.29%; the mean score for Berg Scale test improved 6.25%; regarding Ye- savage Geriatric Depression Scale, the percentage of patients with probable depression decreased from 42.86% to 7.14% in the group with PD of ≤5 years of evolution, and from 66.67% to 33.33% in the group with PD for than 5 years; regarding the Folstein Minimental State of Mind test, we found no benefits. CONCLUSION: This study showed that there are statistically significant benefits resulting from the appli- cation of a 16 week aerobic exercise program in patients with Parkinson's disease, related to the motor and non-motor symptoms of the disease, body composition, and maximum oxygen consumption. No significant benefits were found in relation to the cognitive impairment associated with the disease. The benefits were greater in patients younger than 60 years of age, and were also greater in patients with less than 5 years of evolution of the disease.