Regulation of the non-image-forming visual circuit on physiological activity and behavior / 中华实验眼科杂志

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are final output neurons from the retina to the brain, which can transmit light signals and participate in image-forming vision (IFV) (image formation) and non-image-forming vision (NIFV) (non-image formation). Visual processing system not only transmits visual information of images, but also influences human physiological activities and behaviors by incoming optical signals, which is called NIFV.NIFV relies less on signals generated by conventional photoreceptor cells, but a special class of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). ipRGCs are a subset of retinal ganglion cells that express melanopsin.The axons of the ipRGCs project to unique targets and modulate a broad range of NIFV behaviors, from basic physiological regulation (such as heart rate and pupil size) to more complex behavioral regulation (such as circadian rhythm) and even higher-level cognitive processes (such as anxiety and other emotions). NIFV circuit is an important response to light, and ipRGCs plays a vital role in NIFV circuit.This article reviewed the regulation of NIFV circuit in physiological activities and behaviors, summarized the relationship between the projections of ipRGCs to the NIFV function, and provided ophthalmologists with more knowledge of visual system.

Proteins: Neglected active ingredients in edible bird's nest / 中草药·英文版

Edible bird's nest (EBN) is a kind of natural invigorant with a long history of consumption in Asia, especially in China. EBN is formed by mixing the saliva of swiftlets (Aerodramus) with feathers and other components during the breeding season. Proteins are the most important nutrient in EBN. By studying proteins in EBN, we can not only elucidate their components at the molecular level, but also study their bioactivities. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the proteins in EBN. Previous research on the proteins in EBN was preliminary and cursory, and no one has summarized and analyzed the proteins in EBN and correlated the bioactivities of these proteins with the biological functions of EBN. This article focused on the proteins in EBN, listed the proteins identified in different proteomic studies, and introduced the sources, structures and bioactivities of the most frequently identified proteins, including acidic mammalian chitinase, lysyl oxidase homolog 3, mucin-5AC, ovoinhibitor, nucleobindin-2, calcium-binding protein (MW: 4.5 × 104) and glucose-regulated protein (MW: 7.8 × 104). The properties of these proteins are closely related to the bioactivities of EBN. Therefore, this article can provide inspiration for further research on the efficacy of EBN.

Development of shared traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy from the perspective of primary medical care / 中国药房

In order to make the shared traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） pharmacy develop more efficiently and normatively at the grass-roots level， using the “shared TCM pharmacy” as the retrieval word， this paper uses the literature research method to retrieve the reports， documents and policies from CNKI， the websites of people’s governments at all levels， the official websites of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine， people.com， China News Network， Xinhua News and other platforms before May 20， 2022， sort out the development mode and history of two “Internet plus” TCM pharmacies， namely “shared TCM pharmacies” and “smart TCM pharmacies”， and compare them with each other. Combined with the actual work of community hospitals and community service centers （stations）， the necessity and advantages （such as reducing the costs of the intermediate links of drug circulation and standardizing the grass-roots drug use process） of the development of “shared TCM pharmacy” are obtained from the perspective of primary medical care. Combined with the current situation of the promotion and application of shared TCM pharmacy in county medical communities， it is concluded that the shared TCM pharmacy should be further constructed from four aspects： improving the work process of drug centralized procurement under the background of normalization， improving the compatibility and synchronization of the whole process dispensing information system module， unifying pharmaceutical services and personnel training， defining the authority of data query and clarifying the boundaries of patient privacy to further build a shared TCM pharmacy. Finally， it integrates information technology， summarizes the definition of shared TCM pharmacy and its future construction direction， and provides reference for the next development of shared TCM pharmacy at the grass-roots level.

Research advances of biosynthesis, in vivo analysis and pharmacokinetics of chemical constituents in Artemisiae Annuae Herba / 中国中药杂志

Artemisiae Annuae Herba is a traditional Chinese medicine for clearing deficiency and heat. It is the only natural source of artemisinin, which is a specific antimalarial drug, and has been widely concerned all over the world. In addition to artemisinin, Artemisiae Annuae Herba also contains many sesquiterpenes, coumarins, flavonoids, volatile oils, polysaccharides and other chemical components, which show antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral microorganisms, anti-asthma, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor and other pharmacological activities. In addition to their own pharmacological activities, some components could enhance the antimalarial activity of artemisinin through different mechanisms at absorption and metabolism in vivo. In order to understand the pharmacokinetic characte-ristics of the chemical constituents contained in Artemisiae Annuae Herba and provide reference for the full development and clinical utilization of Artemisiae Annuae Herba resources in China, this present paper systematically collated the modern research literatures, and summarized the biosynthesis, in vivo analysis and pharmacokinetics of the chemical constituents in Artemisiae Annuae Herba.

Research Progress on Herbal Textual Research and Modern Quality Evaluation of Sojae Semen Germinatum / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Sojae Semen Germinatum was firstly recorded in Shennong Bencaojing， and it has a long history of edible and medicinal use. Most ancient medical practitioners described that Sojae Semen Germinatum was processed with black soya bean， while some others recorded that Sojae Semen Germinatum was processed with black soya bean and soybean or with soybean only. In modern times， black soya bean and soybean are both used. Before the Northern and Southern dynasties， the germination process of Sojae Semen Germinatum was mostly soil culture， and then changed into water culture later. The medicinal part of Sojae Semen Germinatum may also change from the initial aboveground part to the whole processed products including the soybean and the bud. The bud length was used to control the processing ending of Sojae Semen Germinatum， but there were different views of the bud length in ancient and modern times. Before the Tang dynasty， Sojae Semen Germinatum was mostly used directly. Since the Tang dynasty， various subsequent processed products of Sojae Semen Germinatum appeared. Most ancient medical practitioners confirmed that Sojae Semen Germinatum was sweet flavor， neutral in nature and non-toxic， and the mainstream believed that it belonged to the spleen， lung and stomach meridians. However， there were different opinions on its efficacy of relieving exterior syndrome by diaphoresis. In this paper， the evolution of Sojae Semen Germinatum was explored after consulting all kinds of ancient books， its historical name， processing history， quality evaluation and others were systematically summarized in order to clarify its historical development and lay a good foundation for the clinical use and further development of Sojae Semen Germinatum.

Role of antibiotics in tumor development and immunotherapy / 国际肿瘤学杂志

In recent years, immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) as the representative drug has become an important treatment method for advanced malignant tumors. Preclinical studies have found that disorders of the gut microbiota can reduce the clinical benefit of patients treated with ICI. The latest data indicate that antibiotics may further affect the occurrence and development of tumors and the efficacy of immunotherapy by changing the abundance and composition of intestinal microbiota. To sum up the role of anti-biotics in the immunotherapy of advanced malignant tumor may provide a new idea for the optimization of treatment strategies for patients with advanced cancer.

Research Advances on Processing Procedures，Chemical Constituents, Quality Analysis and Pharmacological Effect of Sojae Semen Germinatum / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Sojae Semen Germinatum （SSG） was firstly recorded in Shennong Bencaojing. It is a dry processed product which is germinated using mature seeds of Glycine max. It is neutral in nature and sweet flavor， and its functions are to relieve heat， clear away heat and remove dampness. SSG has a long history of being used both as food and medicine， but it was not enrolled in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia until 2010. Doctors of different dynasties had different views of its processing procedures， and thus the quality of its decoction pieces is inconsistent. This article systematically straightened out the records of SSG in ancient books and modern literature， and summarized and analyzed the processing procedures， chemical constituents， quality analysis and pharmacological effects of SSG. It found that SSG contains proteins， isoflavones， saponins and other components， analytical methods for detecting these components include ultraviolet spectrophotometry （UV）， thin-layer chromatography （TLC）， high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）， etc. It has effect such as antioxidant， anti-inflammatory， anti-osteoporosis， improvement of menopausal syndrome， treatment of cardiovascular diseases， and processing will change the type and content of its chemical components. Therefore， it is necessary to dig out active constituents of SSG， explore those changes in chemical constituents and pharmacological effect during the period of its primary and subsequent processing， and explore its action mechanism. This paper can provide the theoretical basis for standardized processing procedure， modern quality control and clinical application of SSG.

History of processing of Sojae Semen Praeparatum / 中国中药杂志

Sojae Semen Praeparatum (SSP) is commonly used as a type of dietetic Chinese herb. By collecting and analyzing ancient and recent literatures, a textual criticism was conducted on the historical evolution of the processing of SSP. Fermented soybean was recorded in Shijing, and relevant rational processing was described in Qimin Yaoshu. In the early time, fermented soybean included the type of "salty" and "light". After the Ming Dynasty, "light" fermented soybean or SSP was recognized as a better medicinal matter than salty fermented soybean, and the fermentation processing was recorded more clearly. In modern time, many characteristic methods for processing SSP have been developed. Today, the processing of SSP is mainly based on the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, which records soybean as a main ingredient and Artemisiae Annuae Herba, Mori Folium as excipients.

Construction of artesunate nanoparticles modified by hyaluronic acid and cell-penetrating peptides and its inhibitory effect on cancer cells in vitro / 中国中药杂志

Hyaluronic acid (HA) and cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) R6H4-SA modified artesunate nanostructured lipid carrier (HA-R6H4-NLC/ART) for anti-tumor therapy was prepared. The physicochemical properties and in vitro drug release of HA-R6H4-NLC/ART were evaluated, and the uptake and cytotoxicity of liver cancer HepG2 cells were studied. The results showed that HA-R6H4-NLC/ART was spherical like in appearance, and the average particle size was about 160 nm. In vitro release experiments showed that the drug delivery system had sustained release characteristics. Cell results showed that, in slightly acidic environment, pH sensitive CPP R6H4-SA mediated cellular uptake of nanoparticles was significantly higher than that of non-sensitive peptide R8-SA. Meanwhile, HA-R6H4-NLC/ART had a targeting effect on HepG2 cells, and the HA receptor saturation experiment showed that the endocytosis of HA-R6H4-NLC/ART was mediated by the HA receptor on the cell surface. As compared with the unmodified or R6H4-SA single modified group, HA and R6H4-SA co-modified HA-R6H4-NLC/ART significantly improved the cell uptake and had a stronger anti-tumor effect under the conditions of the slightly acid environment and hyaluronidase degradation. The above results showed that hyaluronic acid and CPP R6H4-SA co-modified artesunate nanostructured lipid carrier, which can effectively identify and penetrate the tumor cell membrane into the cell, is a potentially efficient targeting delivery system for anti-tumor drugs.

Self-management efficacy and quality of life in Parkinson disease / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To understand the quality of life and self-efficacy of Parkinson patients and explore the relationship between them. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 155 Parkinson patients. The instruments included a self-designed general information questionnarie, the 39-item Parkinson's disease questionnaire (PDQ-39) and self-efficacy scale for chronic patients. Results The total score of the quality of life was 26.12 ± 16.31.The total score of self-efficacy was 5.46 ± 1.87, and the scores of symptom management and disease management were 5.23 ± 1.98 and 5.94 ± 1.96. The quality of life was positively correlated with self-efficacy (r=0.800, P < 0.01). Conclusions Parkinson patients' overall the quality of life and self-efficacy remain a low level, and the quality of life was closely correlated with self-efficacy. The score of patients' self-efficacy was higer, the quality of life was better. Medical and nursing personnel can through strengthening patients' self-efficacy, optimizating of the patient' s health behavior, and improving negative emotion and attitude, so as to improve their quality of life.

effect of omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs

Objective: During the treatment of diseases such as angiocardiopathy, blood lipid abnormalities and metabolic syndrome, omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids [PUFA] can reduce plasma lipids and improve cardiovascular status, thus ameliorating disease severity. We aimed to explore the effects of PUFA supplementation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed during March 2016 for randomized controlled trials using PUFA or fish oil supplementation in patients with NAFLD or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH]

All Randomized controlled trials were retrieved from MEDLINE and EMBASE database up to date [March 2016]

A meta-analysis of key outcomes [serum level of liver enzymes and lipids] were identified in these studies. The mean difference [MD] and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals [CIs] were used as measures of effect size

Results: Thirteen studies were included, consisting of 266 patients in the PUFA group and 402 cases in the control group. Serum level of alanine aminotransferase [ALT] was lower in the PUFA group than that in in the controls [MD=-9.18, 95% Cl [-12.41, -5.96], P <0.00001]. However, PUFA treatment did not affect aspartate aminotransferase [AST] [MD=-5.Q7, 95% Cl [-12.65, 2.51], P= 0.19], gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT] [MD=-1.91, 95% Cl [-4.15, 0.33], P <0.009]

Conclusions: PUFA supplementation may affects serum level of ALT and improve liver function in patients with NAFLD

Effects of arteannuin B, arteannuic acid and scopoletin on pharmacokinetics of artemisinin in mice

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effects of arteannuin B, arteannuic acid and scopoletin on the pharmacokinetics of artemisinin in mice.@*METHODS@#Artemisinin and a combination of artemisinin, arteannuin B, arteannuic acid and scopoletin were administered together to mice via oral administration. Blood samples were collected at different time intervals and pretreated by liquid-liquid extraction. The contents of four compounds in mouse plasma were determined by a validated HPLC-MS/MS method.@*RESULTS@#Compared to single artemisinin group, the Cmax values from the combination group rose from 947 ng/mL to 1254 ng/mL. AUC(0-t) (2371 h ng/mL) was significantly higher than that from single artemisinin group (747 h ng/mL). The peak time lag and the CL values reduced at a proportion of 66%.@*CONCLUTIONS@#Arteannuin B, arteannuic acid and scopoletin can markedly affect the pharmacokinetics of artemisinin.

Effects of arteannuin B, arteannuic acid and scopoletin on pharmacokinetics of artemisinin in mice

Objective To explore the effects of arteannuin B, arteannuic acid and scopoletin on the pharmacokinetics of artemisinin in mice. Methods Artemisinin and a combination of artemisinin, arteannuin B, arteannuic acid and scopoletin were administered together to mice via oral administration. Blood samples were collected at different time intervals and pretreated by liquid–liquid extraction. The contents of four compounds in mouse plasma were determined by a validated HPLC-MS/MS method. Results Compared to single artemisinin group, the C

Revision of Research Capacity Self-rating Scales of Nursing Staff and its reliability and validity / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To revise the Research Capacity Self-Rating Scales of Nursing Staff and test its reliability and validity.Methods Based on the definition of scientific research capacity,the initial dimensions and items of Research Capacity Self-Rating Scales of Nursing Staff was formed by literature review,semi-structured interview and experts evaluation.The content validity was evaluated by experts,and the face validity by nursing staffs.600 nurses were investigated by convenient sampling.The reliability and validity and discrimination of the scale were tested.Results Research Capacity Self-Rating Scales of Nursing Staff were selected in 7 dimensions including the capacity of find problem,research design,scientific research practice,innovation,information retrieval,data processing and writing.Scale-level Content validity index was 0.94.The Cronbach alpha coefficient of Research Capacity Self-rating Scales of Nursing Staff was 0.964,the Cronbach alpha coefficients of the seven dimensions were 0.771-0.975,split-half reliability was 0.885.Seven factors were extracted by using principal factor analysis,cumulative contribution was 71.002％.The correlation coefficient between the Scientific Research Capacity Self-rating Scales of Nursing Staff and General Self-Efficacy Scale was 0.649 (P=0.000).The discrimination was better.Conclusions The Research Capacity Self-rating Scales of Nursing Staff revised shows good reliability and validity.It can objectively evaluate scientific research capacity of nursing staff and provide scientific reference for further improving the research capacity of the nursing staff.

Scientific connotation of processing Bombyx Batryticatus under high temperature / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this study was to elucidate the scientific connotation of Bombyx Batryticatus processing with wheat bran under high temperature. The contents of soluble protein extracted from Bombyx Batryticatus and its processed products and the limited content of AFT in Bombyx Batryticatus and the processed one were compared. The concentration of protein was measured with the Bradford methods and the difference of protein between Bombyx Batryticatus and its processed products was compared by SDS-PAGE analysis. Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 were determined by reversed-phase HPLC. The results showed that the soluble protein content of Bombyx Batryticatus and its processed products were (47.065 +/- 0.249), (29.756 +/- 1.961) mg x g(-1), correspondingly. Analysis of protein gel electrophoresis showed that there were no significant differences between the crude and processed one in protein varieties. 6 bands were detected: 31.90, 26.80, 18.71, 15.00, 10.18, 8.929 kDa. Below 10 kDa, the color of bands of the processed one was deeper than the crude one, which demonstrate that macromolecular protein was degradated into micromolecule. The content of AFG1, AFB1, AFG2, AFB2 were 0.382, 0.207, 0.223, 0.073 g x kg(-1), not exceeded 5 microg x kg(-1) while the processed one was not detected. Through processing with wheat bran under high temperature, the content of soluble protein in Bombyx Batryticatus decreased, the processing purpose for alleviating drug property was achieved. Meanwhile, the limited content of aflatoxins were reduced or cleared by processing procedure or absorbed by processing auxillary material, adding the safety of the traditional Chinese Medicine. In conclusion, as a traditional processing method, bran frying Bombyx Batryticatus was scientific and reasonable.

Chemical constituents from whole plants of Valeriana hardwickii / 中国中药杂志

Chemical investigation of the whole plants of Valeriana hardwickii has led to the isolation of 11 flavones and 2 monoterpe- noids by using various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, preparative TLC, and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic data analysis as syzalterin (1), 6-methylapigenin (2), 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone (3), genkwanin (4), acacetin (5), apigenin (6), quercetin (7), tricin (8), (-)-farrerol (9), sosakuranetin (10), 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (11), (-)-bornyl ferulate ( 12) , and (-)-bornyl caffeate ( 13). All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, while compounds 1, 9-13 were obtained from this genus for the first time.

Simultaneous quantitation of artemisinin, arteannuin B, artemisic acid, and scopoletin in mice plasma by HPLC-MS / 中国中药杂志

The objective of this study is to develop a sensitive and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for simultaneous determination of artemisinin, arteannuin B, artemisic acid, and scopoletin, and study the pharmacokinetics of the four constituents in mouse serum after oral administration of the four components to mice. The analytical column used was Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 5 mm). The mobile phase was acetonitrile: 0.5% acetic acid (60: 40) and the flow rate was 0.3 mL x min(-1). The temperature of the column was 40.0 degrees C. In this condition, we established an analysis method to simultaneously determine the four components. A sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric (LC-MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of artemisin in derivatives in mice plasma. The method we established has a linear range of 5-3 000 μg x L(-1) with a good sensitivity and specificity for all of the four components. This method is simple, rapid, accurate and suitable for the determination of the content of the four compounds.

Triterpenoids from Stauntonia obovatifoliola Hayata subsp. intermedia stems / 中国中药杂志

In the current study, a total of nineteen triterpenoids (1-19) from 60% EtOH extracts of Stauntonia obovatifoliola Hayata subsp. intermedia stems were separated and purified by solvent extraction and chromatographic methods including silica gel, ODS as well as preparative HPLC. According to the results of chemical reactions and spectral data, compounds were identified as: lupeol (1), betulinonic acid (2), betulinic acid (3), 3-epi-betulinic acid (4), quinatic acid (5), 24-O-acetyl quinatic acid (6), 3-O-α- L-arabinopyranosyl-30-nor-hederagenin-28-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 4) -β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 6) -β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (7), Stauntoside A (8), kalopanax saponin A (9), kalopanax saponin J (10), Kizuta saponin K10 (11), 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1--> 2) -α-L-arabinopyranosyl-hederagenin-28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 --> 6) -β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (12), kalopanax saponin B (13), 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2) -α-L-arabinopyranosyl-hederagenin-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 6) -β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (14), sieboldianoside A (15), septemoside A (16), kalopanax saponin K (17), septemloside I (18), and 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl (1 --> 2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl- hederagenin (19). Among them, compounds 4, 6, 10, 12, 14, and 16-19 were isolated from the Stauntonia genus for the first time, and compound 6 was a new natural product.

Study on intervention effect of Danggui Shaoyao San on rats with cirrhotic ascites / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the intervention effect of Danggui Shaoyao San on rats with cirrhotic ascites, and discuss the effect of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on cirrhotic ascites.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, Danggui Shaoyao San low, middle and high dose groups. The cirrhotic ascites rat model was established by CCl4 combined with phenobarbital. Their urines were collected at 24 h to observe urine excretion of each group. Filter papers were used to determine the amount of ascites. The levels of serum alanine aminotransferasa (ALT) , aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were detected by the automatic biochemistry analyzer. Plasma prothrombin time (PT) was evaluated by the blood coagulation analyzer. The concentration of AVP in plasma was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pathological changes in livers were observed by HE staining.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the model group, the Danggui Shaoyao San group showed significant improvement in live indexes, with notable decrease in serum ALT and AST and the time of PT, improvement in liver pathological changes. Simultaneously, the amount of ascites decreased to varying degrees, with notable increase in urine in 24 h and decrease in AVP concentration in plasma.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Danggui Shaoyao San can notably improve liver functions of rats with cirrhotic ascites, reduce the generation of ascites and delay the progress of liver pathological changes. Its mechanism may be related to AVP.</p>

A new beta-naphthalenecarboxylic acid biglycoside from Chirita longgangensis var. hongyao / 药学学报

To investigate the chemical constituents in the stems of Chirita longgangensis var. hongyao, methanol extract of the stems was subjected to column chromatography with various chromatographic techniques. One new beta-naphthalenecarboxylic acid biglycoside, 1, 4-dihydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid methyl ester-4-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) was isolated, along with two known compounds: isotaxiresinol 4-O-methyl ether (2) and (R)-7-hydroxy-alpha-dunnione (3). Compound 2 was first obtained from Chirita genus and compound 3 was isolated from this plant for the first time. All structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence, and the NMR spectroscopic data of compound 2 was published for the first time.