Role of P2X7R/NLRP3 signaling pathway in alcoholic liver injury / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the role of P2X7 recep-tor and its mediated NLRP3 inflammatory signaling pathway in alcohol-induced liver injury. Methods The acute alcoholic liver injury model was established by NIAAA method, and thirty C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into three groups (n =10):control group, model group, A438079 group, The three groups were processed as follows in the last week:control group and model group: given an equal dose of saline intraperitoneal injection(about 0.2 mL/only) once a day. According to the weight of the mice, A438079 group was given intraperitoneally injection by 200 μmol·kg-1of A-438079 (prepared at 7 g·L-1 of A438079,about 0.2 mL/only) once a day. And it was given a single 31.5% alcohol solution by intragas-tric administration on the last day of the morning,with the dose of 10 mL·kg-1. Nine hours later alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST),cholesterol(TCHO),triglyceride(TG) were measured by orbital blood in mice. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the liver. Immunohistochemical method was applied to detect the expression of P2X7R in liver tissues. Western blot was employed to detect the levels of P2X7R, NLRP3, ASC, IL-1β and IL-18 in liver tissues. Results Compared with control group,the levels of ALT,AST, TG and TCHO in model group were significantly en-hanced, and the liver injury was obvious. Compared with model group, the levels of ALT, AST, TG and TCHO in A438079 group significantly decreased. Compared with control group, the expressions of P2X7, NLRP3, ASC, IL-1β, IL-18 in model group were significantly higher than those in control group. Compared with model group, the expression levels of P2X7, NLRP3, ASC, IL-1β and IL-18 in A438079 group significantly decreased. Conclusion Alcohol-induced liver injury may be associated with P2X7R-NLRP3 signaling pathway.

The current situation of the drug supply and determinants of drug shortage in primary health centers:A case study of Anhui Province / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective: To investigate the current situation of drug supply and determinants of drug shortage in primary health institutions in Anhui province. Methods:Primary health institutions in Anhui province were selected as the main research subjects. One hundred and six (106) primary health institutions from three areas/districts in Anhui province namely northern Anhui,Central Anhui,and Southern Anhui were selected with stratified random sampling as the first sample,and 54 pharmaceutical producing enterprises and 62 pharmaceutical trading enterprises were selected with convenience sampling method as the second sample. The survey was conducted by issuing questionnaires to record views of the respondents to help understand the current situation of drug supply from the first sample and the main de-terminants and solutions of drug shortage from two samples. Results:13% of the primary health institutions still suffer from serious shortage of drug supply; the drug distribution rate varies greatly between units, and 19% of the primary health institutions have a drug distribution rate below 70%,and all primary health institution within the scope of inves-tigation experienced drug shortages. The frequency of choices of determinants of drug shortage were in sequence of or-der:drug demand instability (19.20%), drugs have a new and higher profit alternative (15.94%), etc.; The fre-quency of choices of solutions of drug shortage of primary health institution were in sequence of order:to improve the national list of essential medicines(12.78%),appropriate improvement in efficacy the low-priced varieties(with cura-tive effect) (12.03%),etc. Conclusions:Primary health institutions suffer from drug shortage issue widely,and the reasons for the shortage of drugs are more complicated;the government should continue to implement relevant policies, comprehensively improving the primary health institution drug supply mechanisms in all to prevent drug shortages.

Progress in research of novel anticancer drugs targeting Hedgehog signaling pathway / 药学学报

The Hedgehog signaling pathway plays a key role in mammalian embryogenesis, while it is quiescent in adult tissues. The aberrant activation of Hedgehog signaling pathway has been linked to multiple types of malignant tumors, which makes it an attractive target for cancer therapy in recent years. Up to now, two Hedgehog inhibitors (vismodegib and sonidegib) have been proved by FDA for the treatment of tumors. However, drug resistance and severe adverse reactions represent the problems in their clinical application. Novel inhibitors targeting Smo, such as taladegib, NVP-LEQ506, MRT-92, and downstream or upstream of Smo receptor such as Shh ligand and Gli have been developed to overcome the drug resistance and adverse reactions. The current Hedgehog inhibitors are used for treatment of basal cell carcinoma only, while many ongoing clinical trials are conducted to investigate the antitumor effect of Hedgehog inhibitors in other malignancies. Here we reviewed the research progress of the new anticancer drugs targeting the Hedgehog signaling pathway and their prospect in variety of cancers therapy.

Serum DKK-1 level in the development of ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatic arthritis: a meta-analysis

To explore the association of serum Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) levels with the development of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and rheumatic arthritis (RA) in humans, databases including PubMed, EBSCO, Springerlink, Ovid, WANFANG and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched to identify relevant studies. On the basis of rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria, case–control studies of the relationships between serum DKK-1 levels and AS and RA published before December 2014 were enrolled. Statistical analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-analysis 2.0 (CMA 2.0). Seven case–control trials with a total of 300 AS patients, 136 RA patients and 232 healthy controls were included in this study. Meta-analysis results revealed that DKK-1 serum levels were significantly higher in AS patients than in normal controls (standard mean differences (s.m.d.)=0.301, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.094–0.507, P=0.004), whereas no significant difference in DKK-1 serum levels was observed between RA patients and healthy controls (s.m.d.=0.798, 95% CI=−2.166–3.763, P=0.598). Serum DKK-1 level may be closely related to the development of AS but not of RA.

Serum DKK-1 level in the development of ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatic arthritis: a meta-analysis

To explore the association of serum Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) levels with the development of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and rheumatic arthritis (RA) in humans, databases including PubMed, EBSCO, Springerlink, Ovid, WANFANG and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched to identify relevant studies. On the basis of rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria, case–control studies of the relationships between serum DKK-1 levels and AS and RA published before December 2014 were enrolled. Statistical analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-analysis 2.0 (CMA 2.0). Seven case–control trials with a total of 300 AS patients, 136 RA patients and 232 healthy controls were included in this study. Meta-analysis results revealed that DKK-1 serum levels were significantly higher in AS patients than in normal controls (standard mean differences (s.m.d.)=0.301, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.094–0.507, P=0.004), whereas no significant difference in DKK-1 serum levels was observed between RA patients and healthy controls (s.m.d.=0.798, 95% CI=−2.166–3.763, P=0.598). Serum DKK-1 level may be closely related to the development of AS but not of RA.

Prognostic value of lymph node ratio in survival of patients with stage III rectal cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the prognostic value of lymph node ratio (LNR) in patients with stage III rectal cancer after curative resection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective review of the clinicopathological data was performed in 161 patients with stage III rectal cancer who received curative surgical excision in our hospital from June 2005 to June 2010. The variables including LNR, age, gender, T stage, N stage, total number of dissected lymph nodes, number of metastatic lymph nodes, and positive rate of lymph node metastasis were studied through univariate and multivariate analyses, and the survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Multivariate analysis revealed that LNR, but not number of positive nodes or number of harvested lymph nodes, had independent prognostic value for overall survival and disease-free survival for patients with stage III rectal cancer. The overall survival in the LNR < 0.43 and LNR ≥ 0.43 groups was 75.8% and 41.3%, respectively (P < 0.01), while the disease-free survival was 68.8% and 40.3%, respectively (P = 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The LNR is an independent prognostic factor for survival of patients with stage III rectal cancer, and is more efficient than the number of positive nodes and total number of dissected lymph nodes in the survival prediction.</p>

Expressions of RANK, RANKL, and osteoprotegerin in male rats at different ages / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK), its ligand RANKL, and osteoprotegerin, and observe the effects of αD3 on their expressions in male rats at different ages.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Wistar rats at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 24 months (n=15) were examined for mRNA expressions of RANK/RANKL and osteoprotegerin in the left proximal femur using RT-PCR and for their protein expressions in the right femur using immunohistochemistry. RANK/RANKL and osteoprotegerin expressions were also detected in another 15 rats aged 24 months following intragastric administration of 0.05 µg/kg αD3 (3 times a week for 10 weeks).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with 6-week-old rats, 6-month- and 24-month-old rats showed a 6.2-fold and 7.3-fold increase of RANKL mRNA expression, respectively (P<0.05), and osteoprotegerin mRNA levels increased slightly with age. αD3 treatment resulted in significantly increased expression of RANK in 24-month-old rats with a lowered RANKL/osteoprotegerin ratio. RANKL and osteoprotegerin were co-localized in the osteoblasts and chondrocytes. αD3 treatment also caused an increased expression of osteoprotegerin mRNA in 24-month-old rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The age-related increase of the ratio of RANKL/osteoprotegerin mRNA promotes osteoclast activity and bone turnover. αD3 has favorable effect on osteogenesis and suppress bone absorption in the femur possibly by reducing RANK expression and lowering RANKL/osteoprotegerin ratio.</p>

Effects of losartan and simvastatin on collagen content, myocardial expression of MMP-2 mRNA, MMP-9 mRNA and TIMP-1 mRNA, TIMP-2 mRNA in pressure overload rat hearts / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of simvastatin(Sim) and losartan(Los) on cardiac fibrosis and myocardial expression of MMP-2 mRNA, MMP-9 mRNA and TIMP-1 mRNA, TIMP-2 mRNA in pressure overloaded rat hearts.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The pressure overload model was induced by descending aortic constriction (DAC) in rats. SD rats were randomized into 6 groups (n = 20 each): normol control group, control sham group, DAC group, Los group (DAC + Los, 5 mg/kg), Sim group (DAC + Sim, 2 mg/kg), Los + Sim group (DAC + Los + Sim, Los 5 mg/kg, Sim 2 mg/kg). Water, Los or Sim drug was administrated by gavage daily beginning from day 5 after operation for 30 days. Collagen was measured on Masson stained myocardial sections, and the level of MMP-2 mRNA, MMP-9 mRNA and TIMP-1 mRNA, TIMP-2 mRNA in left ventricle were detected by RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Collagen volume fraction (CVF) in DAC group was significantly higher than the normal control and sham groups (P < 0.01) which could be significantly reduced by Los and Sim (P < 0.05), especially in DAC + Los + Sim group (P < 0.01). The levels of myocardial MMP-2 mRNA, MMP-9 mRNA and TIMP-1 mRNA, TIMP-2 mRNA were also significantly higher in DAC group than in normal control and sham groups (P < 0.01). Treatment Sim and Los alone and especially in combination significantly decreased the TIMP-1 mRNA, TIMP-2 mRNA expressions (P < 0.01) while MMP-2 mRNA, MMP-9 mRNA levels remained unchanged (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Upregulation of myocardial MMP-2 mRNA, MMP-9 mRNA and TIMP-1 mRNA, TIMP-2 mRNA expressions might contribute to myocardial fibrosis in this model, Sim and Los significantly inhibited myocardial fibrosis possibly by downregulating myocardial TIMP-1 mRNA, TIMP-2 mRNA expressions in this model.</p>

Effect of oxymatrine on the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases signalling pathway in rats with CCl4 induced hepatic fibrosis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Recent studies have suggested that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signalling pathway plays an important role in hepatic fibrosis. This study explored the antifibrotic effect of oxymatrine on tetrachloromethane induced liver fibrosis in rats and its modulation on the p38 MAPK signalling pathway.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to six groups: normal (n = 20), induced fibrosis (n = 20), colchicine (n = 20) and three treatment groups of oxymatrine (n = 20 x 3). We obesrved changes in deposition of collagen, hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), collagen type IV (CIV), procollagen III (PCIII) and hydroxyproline (Hyp), a-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and phosphor-p38 (pp38).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The relative indicators of changes in histopathology, HA, LN, CIV, PCIII, Hyp, alpha-SMA and pp38 were raised significantly in the induced fibrosis group (P < 0.01 vs normal group). The semiquantitative hepatic fibrosis staging scores of middle dose group and high dose group were decreased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively vs the induced fibrosis group), as was the average area of collagen in rats' liver, the concentrations of serum HA, LN, CIV, PCIII and liver tissue homogenate Hyp. The gene expression of alpha-SMA mRNA was considerably decreased in the treated animals, as was the protein espression of pp38 protein.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Oxymatrine is effective in reducing the production and deposition of collagen in the liver tissue of experimental rats in ways which relate to modulating the fibrogenic signal transduction via p38 MAPK signalling pathway.</p>

Antiinflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of total glucosides of Yupingfeng powder / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Yupingfeng, a traditional Chinese complex prescription, has been used efficaciously in China for the cure and prevention of inflammatory diseases related to immunodeficiency such as allergic rhinitis and chronic bronchitis. However, the active components of this prescription remain unclear. The present study focused on investigating the antiinflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of the glucosidic extract from Yupingfeng.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We tested animal models for ear swelling induced by dimethylbenzene in mice; palm swelling induced by carregeenin and granuloma induced by cotton pellet in rats; level of haemolysin, antibody generation by the splenic cells, delayed hypersensitivity and T cell subsets in spleen of immunosuppressed mice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Glucosidic extract of 24 mg/kg, 48 mg/kg and 96 mg/kg significantly inhibited mice's ear swelling induced by dimethylbenzene. Similarly glucosidic extract of 16 mg/kg, 32 mg/kg and 64 mg/kg inhibited rats' palm swelling induced by carregeenin and granuloma induced by cotton pellet. Glucosidic extract of 24 mg/kg, 48 mg/kg and 96 mg/kg improved the IgM level in serum and level of haemolysin in splenocytes in mice immunosuppressed by cyclophosphamide. Delayed hypersensitivity in mice suppressed by cyclophosphamide was enhanced by glucosidic extract of 24 mg/kg, 48 mg/kg and 96 mg/kg. These results suggested that Yupingfeng could recover humoral and cellular immune function in mice with immunosuppression. Glucosidic extract of 48 mg/kg and 96 mg/kg significantly resisted the immunosuppressive mice ear swelling and maintained it at nearly normal level. The enhanced, delayed hypersensitivity actions of glucosidic extract, suppressed by cyclophosphamide, might be brought about by inducing TH cell and regulating T lymphocytes subset.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The glucosidic extract from Yupingfeng has antiinflammatory and immunoregulation action, suggesting that these glucosides are the principal active components of the traditional Chinese prescription Yupingfeng.</p>

Treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion and remaining bulk ligamentum flava by micro-endoscope / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate operative skill and recent clinical effects of remaining bulk ligamentum flava and treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion by micro-endoscope.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-two cases with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion included 31 males, 21 females; aged from 28 to 45 years,mean 36 years; L(4,5) in 24 cases, L5S1 in 28 cases. Under the micro-endoscope, all patient were excised the vertebral plate partly, decompressed the nerve root, remaining bulk ligament flava and excised the herniated nucleus pulposus.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Forty-six of 52 patients were followed up for 5 to 51 months with an average of 34.5. According to the effect of Nakai standards,the results were excellent in 34 cases, good in 9 cases, fair in 3 cases. The operation time was 45 to 75 minutes and bleeding was 40 to 80 ml. There were no nerve root injury and endorachis tear complications.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The bulk ligamentum flava remaining cure intervertebral disc protrusion by micro-endoscope, demic natural anatomic structure is retained through technically manipulate and spinalis constancy is kept.</p>

Study on the distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in patients visiting one methadone maintenance clinic in Wuhan / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and characteristics on molecular biology related to HCV among patients who were enrolled in a Methadone maintenance clinic in Wuhan.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serum samples from 332 injection drug users (IDUs) were obtained and anti-HCV IgG was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbrent assay(ELISA), together with 86 anti-HCV positive specimens genotyped. A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) assay using conserved primers deduced from the core-envelopel (C-E1) region of the HCV genome was employed to amplify a 474 bp fragment. Phylogenetic analysis of the C-E1 sequences was conducted by direct sequencing of the RT-nPCR products and alignment with determined by nucleotide sequencing followed by composition of a phylogenetic tree.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 313 cases (94.3%) appeared positive anti-HCV IgG in the 332 patients from a Methadone maintenance clinic in Wuhan. It was demonstrated that there were four different subtypes of HCV in that clinic in Wuhan, including 6a--71 cases (82.5%), 3b--7 cases (8.2%), 1a--5 cases (5.8%) and 1b--3 cases (3.5%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Infection of 6a genotype HCV was predominant in patients from the Methadone maintenance clinic in Wuhan, followed by HCV 3b, 1a and 1b.</p>

Effects of monofluorphosphate and alphaD3 on the bone mineral density of mandibular of ovariectomy rats / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of monofluorphosphate and alphaD3 on the bone mineral density of mandibular of ovariectomy rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>39 female Sprague-Dawley rats about 90 days of age were randomly divided into the following treatment groups and treated for 12 weeks: SHAM group, OVX group, MFP group, MFP+alphaD3 group. Rats of MFP group received monofluorphosphate by gastric feeding. Rats of MFP+alphaD3 group received monofluorphosphate and alphatD3 by gastric feeding. The femur and the mandibles were collected for histomorphometry and bone mineral density measurement.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The bone area, bone thick, and bone mineral density of femur in the OVX group were significantly lower than those of other groups, while the trabecular separation of the OVX group was significantly higher than that of other groups. The bone mineral density of mandible was increased in OVX group and MFP+alphaD3 group compared with SHAM group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Monofluorphosphate and alphaD3 can obviously increase the mass of mandible. The bone mineral density of femur decreased after ovariectomy while it increased in mandibular.</p>

Effect of Bioimprinting by Lauric Acid on Esterification Activity of Lipase / 中国生物工程杂志

Bioimprinting is a new developed technique to improve the characteristics of enzymes.Bioimprinting by lauric acid was conducted to improve the esterification activity of lipase PS in sol-gel immobilization process with methyltrimethoxysila(MTMS) and tetramethoxysila(TMOS) as the precursors.Results generated by checking the esterification activity and scanning electron microscope showed that bioimprinting can enhance the specific activity and thermal stability of lipase PS.The bioimprinting system was optimized by orthogonal experiment,and the optimal condition for lipase bioimprinting is water/silane molar ration(R) 12,polyethylene glycol(PEG) 120?l,and lauric acid 0.15 mmol.Compared with the free enzyme and the non-imprinted enzymes,the specific activity of imprinted enzymes has been improved 44.3 fold and 2.4 fold,respectively.Imprinted lipase show better thermal stability,and the relative activity is 58% after incubated in 80 ℃ for 0.5 h,while no activity was detected for the free enzyme.

Combined Treatment of 60 Cases of Piriformis Syndrome / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Sixty patients with piriformis syndrome were treated mainly by electroacupunture, Tuina plus TDP irradiation. After 10 treatments, among 60 patients, 41 cases were cured and 19 cases were improved.

Interactions between angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and aspirin / 中国药理学通报

Both aspirin and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are often used concomitantly in patients with cardiovascular disease. The safety of the combination has been questioned. The potential antagonistic interactions between ACE inhibitors and aspirin has become the focus of both increasing research and intense debate, with conflicting conclusions having been reported in the literature. We reviewed systematically available literature on the interactions between ACE inhibitors and aspirin in hypertension, acute myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure and found that further trials are needed to shed light on the effects and mechanism of interaction between these drugs.

Inhibitory effect of 5-fluorouracil encapsulated by galactosylceramide liposomes on drug resistance and its mechanisms / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study inhibitory effect of 5-fluorouracil encapsulated by galactosylceramide liposomes (5-Fu-GCL)on 5-Fu-resistent HepG_2 cells and its mechanisms. Methods Inhibitory effect of 5-Fu-GCL on established model of 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells was assessed with MTT assay in vitro. The concentration-time course of 5-Fu-GCL in intracellular fluid was detected with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thymidylic acid synthase (TS) expression was observed with immunohistochemical method,and NO content was determined with chemical method. Results Obvious inhibitory effects of 5-Fu-GCL (75,150,300,600,1200?mol?L-1) on 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells were observed with IC_ 50 of 158.6 ?mol?L-1,far lower than that of free 5-Fu (400.9 ?mol?L-1). 5-Fu-GCL (300 ?mol?L-1) inhibited 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells in a time-dependent manner,and the inhibitory effect of 5-Fu-GCL was stronger than that of free 5-Fu during 12～48 h. Compared with free 5-Fu,5-Fu-GCL (300 ?mol?L-1) increased the content of intracellular fluid in 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells. 5-Fu-GCL(62.5,300,1200 ?mol?L-1) not only inhibited the expression of TS,but also increased the production of NO in 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells,and these effects of 5-Fu-GCL(300,1200 ?mol?L-1) were stronger than those of free 5-Fu. Conclusion 5-Fu-GCL has inhibitory effect on 5-Fu-resistant HepG_2 cells. The effect may be related to the increased concentration of 5-Fu-GCL in intracellular fluid,inhibited expression of TS and increased production of NO.

Effects and mechanism of interactions between captopril and aspirin on injured myocardial cells from neonate rats / 中国药理学通报

AIM: To observe the effects of interactions between captopril and aspirin on injured myocardial cells from neonate rats and its mechanism. METHODS: The injury model of cultured neonatal rat myocardial cells was developed. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the level of nitric oxide (NO) were measured by LDH kits and Griess reagent respectively, the intracellular free calcium concentrations were measured with Fura-2/AM. RESULTS: Both captopril and aspirin could reduce obviously the activity of LDH and increase the level of NO in medium, but their combination produced significant antagonistic interactions. Captopril reduced obviously the intracellular free calcium concentrations in the injury model, but aspirin alone or in combination with captopril significantly increased it. CONCLUSION: Captopril and aspirin combination produced significant antagonistic interactions, the effects may be related to its actions of reducing the production of NO and increasing the intracellular free calcium concentrations.

Effect of total flavonoids of turpinia arguta seen on immune function in adjuvant arthritis rats in vitro / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the effect of the total flavonoids of turpinia arguta seen (TFS) on immune function of rats with adjuvant arthritis. Methods Adjuvant arthritis (AA) was induced on d0 by intradermal injection of Complete Freund′s Adjuvant (FCA), containing 10 mg heat-inactive BCG in 1ml paraffin oil. On d 28 after immunization, AA rats were killed by cervical decollation. Immune cells (splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages) were obtained, then cultured in vitro with TFS. Some immune indexes were detected respectively such as the splenocytes proliferation and the productions of IL-1 and IL-2 were measured by the method of cell proliferation, the production of prostaglandin E2 was determined by radioimmunoassay. Results Compared with normal groups, the response of splenocytes to ConA and LPS was lowered, IL-2 syn-thesis was decreased, and IL-1 and PGE_2 released from PM? were elevated. TFS (10~ -8 ~10~ -4 mg?L~ -1 ) not only increased splenocytes proliferation, which induced by ConA and LPS, and IL-2 production of splenocytes, but also reduced the elevated productions of IL-1 and PGE_2 released from peritoned macrophate in AA rats in vitro. Conculsion TFS could adjust abnormal immune function in AA rats.

Interactions between angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and aspirin / 中国药理学通报

Both aspirin and angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE)inhi bi tors are often used concomitantly in patients with cardiovascular disease.The s afety of the combination has been questioned. The potential antagonistic interac tions between ACE inhibitors and aspirin has become the focus of both increasing research and intense debate,with conflicting conclusions havin g been reported in the literature.We reviewed systematically available literatu re on the interactions between ACE inhibitors and aspirin in hyper- tension,acute myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure and found that further trials are needed to shed light on the effects and mechanism of interaction between these drugs.