Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by injection of sinomenine solid lipid nanoparticles under a fluorescence endoscopic laser confocal microscope / 中国中药杂志

A fluorescence endoscopic laser confocal microscope(FELCM) was used to direct the injection of sinomenine solid lipid nanoparticles(Sin-SLN) into the joint, and the in vitro effectiveness of Sin-SLN in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) was evaluated. Sin-SLN was prepared with the emulsion evaporation-low temperature curing method. The Sin-SLN prepared under the optimal conditions showed the encapsulation efficiency of 64.79%±3.12%, the drug loading of 3.84%±0.28%, the average particle size of(215.27±4.21) nm, and the Zeta potential of(-32.67±0.84) mV. Moreover, the Sin-SLN demonstrated good stability after sto-rage for 30 days. The rabbit model of RA was established by the subcutaneous injection of ovalbumin and complete Freund's adjuvant. Five groups were designed, including a control group, a model group, a Sin(1.5 mg·kg~(-1)) group, a Sin-SLN(1.5 mg·kg~(-1)) group, and a dexamethasone(positive drug, 1.0 mg·kg~(-1), ig) group. The control group and the model group only received puncture treatment without drug injection. After drug administration, the local skin temperature and knee joint diameter were monitored every day. The knee joint diameter and the local skin temperature were lower in the drug administration groups than in the model group(P<0.05, P<0.01). FELCM recorded the morphological alterations of the cartilage of knee joint. The Sin-SLN group showed compact tissue structure and smooth surface of the cartilage. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was employed to determine the serum le-vels of interleukin-1(IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). The findings revealed that the Sin-SLN group had lower IL-1 and TNF-α levels than the model group(P<0.05, P<0.01). Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was employed to reveal the pathological changes of the synovial tissue, which were significantly mitigated in the Sin-SLN group. The prepared Sin-SLN had uniform particle size and high stability. Through joint injection administration, a drug reservoir was formed. Sin-SLN effectively alleviate joint swelling and cartilage damage of rabbit, down-regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited the epithelial proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration of the synovial tissue, demonstrating the efficacy in treating RA.

Grain-sized moxibustion inhibits the progression of Alzheimer disease in 5XFAD transgenic mice / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To investigate whether grain-sized moxibustion at Xinshu (BL15) and Shenshu (BL23) can alleviate cognitive decline and other pathologic features in early-stage Alzheimer disease (AD) using transgenic mice with 5 familial AD mutations (5XFAD). Methods: The genotype of transgenic mice was detected by polymerase chain reaction. A total of 40 transgenic mice (1.5 months old) were randomly and equally allocated to an AD model group (5XFAD group) or a grain-sized moxibustion group (5XFAD + GM group), with 20 wild-type (WT) mice (C57BL/6J) serving as the normal control group (WT group). Mice in the 5XFAD + GM group were treated by grain-sized moxibustion at bilateral Xinshu (BL15) and Shenshu (BL23). Mice in the WT group and 5XFAD group received no treatment but were restrained to ensure exposure to a similar experimental condition. Cognitive function and memory were assessed with the Morris water maze and Y-maze tests. The amyloid β 40 (Aβ40) and amyloid β 42 (Aβ42) levels in the brain were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; amyloid plaque deposition in brain tissue sections was detected by thioflavin-S staining; the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), cluster of differentiation 11b (CD11b), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: In the Morris water maze test, compared with the 5XFAD group, mice in the 5XFAD + GM group had a shorter escape latency and more target area crossings and spent more time in the target quadrant (P<0.05). In the Y-maze test, compared with the 5XFAD group, the number of training times of the 5XFAD + GM group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), together with more correct responses (P<0.05). Compared with the 5XFAD group, the levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in the brain tissue of the 5XFAD + GM group were significantly lower (P<0.05); in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, the total number of amyloid β plaque deposition were significantly lower (P<0.05); the expression levels of GFAP and CD11b were significantly reduced (P<0.05); and the expression levels of ChAT and BDNF were significantly increased (P<0.05).Conclusion: Grain-sized moxibustion at Xinshu (BL15) and Shenshu (BL23) greatly improves learning and memory functions, decreases the levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42, inhibits amyloid β plaque deposition, decreases the expression of GFAP and CD11b, and increases the expression of ChAT and BDNF in AD mice to inhibit the progression of AD.

Tumor deposit is an independent prognostic factor in patients with stage Ⅲ colon cancer after radical surgery / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of tumor deposit (TD) on the prognosis of patients with stage Ⅲ colon cancer after radical resection.Methods:The clinicopathological data of patients with stage Ⅲ colon cancer after radical surgery at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital from Jan to Dec 2015 were analyzed collected. Clinicopathological characteristics such as tumor location, degree of differentiation, mismatch repair status, lymphatic and venous invasion, and preoperative CEA and CA19-9 levels were used to study the effect of TD on the postoperative survival of patients.Results:Among the 155 patients with stage Ⅲ colon cancer, 37 (23.9%) had tumor deposits. The incidence of tumor deposits was higher in patients with intravascular tumor thrombus and preoperative serum CA19-9 elevation ( χ2=9.567, P=0.002; χ2=11.561, P=0.003); Patients with tumor deposits had worse overall survival and disease-free survival than those without cancer nodules (OS: P=0.029, DFS: P=0.025). Multivariate COX analysis found that tumor deposit was an independent risk factor for postoperative overall survival and disease-free survival ( HR=1.990, 95% CI: 1.032-3.835, P=0.040; HR=2.416, 95% CI : 1.205-3.820, P=0.009). Conclusions:Tumor deposit is an independent risk factor affecting postoperative overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with stage Ⅲ colon cancer. For patients with lymph node metastasis, incorporating TD into TNM staging can more accurately predict the postoperative prognosis.

Progress of C3 glomerulopathy / 国际儿科学杂志

C3 glomerulopathy is a rare disease of glomeruli mediated by abnormal activation of alternative complement pathway secondary to congenital genetic defects and acquired autoantibodies.Renal biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing C3 glomerulopathy.C3 glomerulopathy encompasses both dense deposit disease and C3 glomerulonephritis.The main glomerular immunofluorescence staining is C3, with few or without immunoglobulins deposition, which is the obvious pathological feature.The clinical manifestations of C3 glomerulopathy are usually various, with limited detection methods and therapies and poor prognosis.This article mainly reviews the progress of C3 glomerulopathy in recent years, in order to improve clinical understanding of C3 glomerulopathy, and choose individualized therapy.

How can an infaunal brooding echinoid be maintained in the laboratory? A case study with Cassidulus mitis (Echinoidea: Cassiduloida) / ¿Cómo se puede mantener un equinoide infantil en el laboratorio? Un estudio de caso con Cassidulus mitis (Echinoidea: Cassiduloida)

Introduction: Cassiduloids play a prominent role in echinoid evolutionary history because they probably are the ancestral group of clypeasteroids. Some extant species are brooding and rare in the environment. Consequently, there are no studies on their maintenance in the laboratory. Objective: Establish an efficient aquarium system for C. mitis, endemic to Brazil, for ontogenetic studies. Methods: Four aquarium systems were built, with 3 replicates each one: (1) with seawater flow [F]; (2) with seawater flow and air injection into sediment [FA]; (3) without seawater flow but with air injection into the sediment [A]; and (4) without both seawater flow and air injection into the sediment [C]. Each experimental aquarium (three per treatment) had two adults. Each of the two sets of experiments lasted about 60 days. Results: We observed low mortality in the first 30 days in all systems and, after 30 days, it was higher in those with air-pumped into the sediment (system A in the first set of experiments, and system FA in the second one). Conclusions: For experiments lasting 30 days, our four systems are suitable. For longer periods, we recommend aquaria with seawater flow and without air-pumps into the sediment.

Introducción: Los casiduloides desempeñan un papel destacado en la historia evolutiva de los equinoides porque probablemente son el grupo ancestral de clipeasteroides. Algunas especies existentes son inquietantes y raras en el medio ambiente. En consecuencia, no existen estudios sobre su mantenimiento en laboratorio. Objetivo: Establecer un sistema de acuario eficiente para C. mitis, endémica de Brasil, para estudios ontogenéticos. Métodos: Se construyeron cuatro sistemas de acuarios, con 3 réplicas cada uno: (1) con flujo de agua de mar [F]; (2) con flujo de agua de mar e inyección de aire en el sedimento [FA]; (3) sin flujo de agua de mar pero con inyección de aire en el sedimento [A]; y (4) sin flujo de agua de mar ni inyección de aire en el sedimento [C]. Cada acuario experimental (tres por tratamiento) tenía dos adultos. Cada uno de los dos conjuntos de experimentos duró aproximadamente 60 días. Resultados: Observamos una baja mortalidad en los primeros 30 días en todos los sistemas y, después de 30 días, fue mayor en aquellos con aire bombeado al sedimento (sistema A en el primer conjunto de experimentos y sistema FA en el segundo). Conclusiones: Para experimentos de 30 días, nuestros cuatro sistemas son adecuados. Para períodos más largos, recomendamos acuarios con flujo de agua de mar y sin bombas de aire en el sedimento.

The comparison of retinal findings in end stage of CKD and in diabetic renal failure / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

Background@#Retinal pathologic features are associated with inflammatory processes and endothelial dysfunction, leading to circulatory abnormalities and reduced vascular reactivity. Both retinopathy and nephropathy involve thickening of basement membrane and muscular layers and increased leakage. These pathologic and hemodynamic abnormalities may occur throughout the body and their effects on the retinal vasculature may be useful indicators of cumulative microvascular damage from hypertension, inflammation, diabetes mellitus, and other processes. Type 2 MPGN is an uncommon renal condition associated with electron dense deposits in the lamina densa of the glomerular basement membrane with C3 found in the capillary loops and mesangium. The deposits in the basement membrane can lead to a breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier by interfering with the RPE layer, and type 2 MPGN has been described in association with central serous retinopathy.@*Purpose@#To assess the retinal findings in end stage of Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetic renal failure@*Methods@#Data of diabetic renal failure (n=20, mean age 56.8±11.6), and end stage of CKD(n=83, mean age 48.2± 11.6) were cross-sectional analyzed. Nonmydriatic fundus photographs of the disc and macula in both eyes were obtained in all the subjects. The photographs were assessed by ophthalmologist using the standard protocols. The following parameters were recorded: BCVA, IOP, BP GFR, serum Creatinine, ophthalmic and fundus examination.@*Results@#Greater severity of retinopathy was associated with DM. The presence of vascular abnormalities usually associated with Diabetes Mellitus ( DM) and was not associated with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate. All of patients with DM (n=20, 100%) ,they have Diabetic retinopathy. We found sight direct relationship between retinal posterior pole deposit with CKD patients. Some of patients who have end stage of CKD, (n=18, 11%) they have retinal deposit on their posterior pole.@*Conclusion@#Our findings show ,In participants with end stage of CKD, there was no significant severe retinopathy. In summary, our study demonstrates that DM, is one of the leading cause of irreversible vision loss. Every patients with DM need the ophthalmic follow up examination in every six months.

Mecanismo de acción de la terapia celular en enfermedades hereditarias / Mechanism of action of cell therapy in hereditary diseases

Los trastornos heredados del metabolismo son enfermedades graves de la infancia que cursan con un gran deterioro cognitivo y del desarrollo psicomotor. La fisiopatología del progresivo deterioro del sistema nervioso suele estar asociada a una severa neuroinflamación y desmielinización, y como consecuencia, neurodegeneración. Por el momento no tienen cura y precisan de actitudes terapéuticas precoces y agresivas, que conllevan altas tasas de mortalidad y, muy frecuentemente, escasos grados de mejoría funcional y supervivencia. El trasplante de médula ósea y de células mesenquimales de médula ósea son terapias de elección y experimentales que consiguen mejorar el curso de estas enfermedades mediante diferentes mecanismos de acción: remplazo de enzima deficiente, intercambio de membranas y regulación del proceso inflamatorio.

Inherited metabolism disorders are serious childhood diseases that lead to significant cognitive impairment and regression of psychomotor development. The pathophysiology of the neural progressive deterioration is usually associated with severe neuroinflammation and demyelination, and as a consequence, neurodegeneration. At the moment they have no adequate treatment and require early and aggressive therapeutic approaches, which entail high mortality rates and, very frequently, low degrees of functional improvement and survival. Bone marrow transplantation and bone marrow mesenchymal cells grafts are therapeutic and experimental therapies that improve the course of these diseases through different mechanisms of action: enzyme replacement, membrane exchange and regulation of the inflammatory process.

Research progress on the risk factors and pathogenesis of climatic droplet keratopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#Climatic droplet keratopathy(CDK), an acquired corneal degenerative disease, is characterized by oil droplet deposits and banded opacity in the pre-corneal elastic layer and stroma layer, which can severely affect the visual acuity of patients. Recently, many studies have indicated that various factors caused the occurrence and development of CDK. However, the pathogenesis and specific pathogenesis of the disease remain unclear. So this article aims to summarize four aspects of the CDK, including the epidemiological characteristics, the morphology of corneal lesions, the composition of corneal deposits and the ocular surface micro-environment, and then provide a reference for ophthalmologists to acknowledge and explore CDK deeply.

Calcifilaxis, a propósito de un caso / Calciphylaxis, about a case

Resumen La calcifilaxis es un síndrome caracterizado por la calcificación de la pared media de las arteriolas de pequeño y mediano calibre de dermis y tejido celular subcutáneo, que se caracteriza clínicamente por úlceras necróticas, intensamente dolorosas, que afectan sobre todo miembros inferiores. Existen factores de riesgo para su desarrollo, como insuficiencia renal crónica, hiperparatiroidismo, sexo femenino, raza caucásica, diabetes, uso de anticoagulantes, entre otros. Si bien no existe un protocolo estandarizado para su tratamiento, se ha propuesto el uso del tiosulfato sódico como primera elección. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino de 75 años de edad con diagnóstico de calcifilaxis.

Abstract Calciphylaxis is a syndrome characterized by calciphication of the media of small and medium vessels of dermis and subcutaneous celular tissue, clinically characterized by extremely painful, necrotic ulcers, that affects especially lower limbs. There are risk factors for its development, such as renal failure, hyperparathyroidism, female gender, caucasian race, diabetes, use of anticoagulants, among others. Although there is not a standarized protocol for the treatment, it has been proposed the use of sodium thiosulfate as first line. We report a case of a woman of 75 years old with calciphylaxis.

Pathology of C3 Glomerulopathy

C3 glomerulopathy is a renal disorder involving dysregulation of alternative pathway complement activation. In most instances, a membranoproliferative pattern of glomerular injury with a prevalence of C3 deposition is observed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Dense deposit disease (DDD) and C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN) are subclasses of C3 glomerulopathy that are distinguishable by electron microscopy. Highly electron-dense transformation of glomerular basement membrane is characteristic of DDD. C3GN should be differentiated from post-infectious glomerulonephritis and other immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritides showing C3 deposits.

Impact of tumor deposits on the prognosis of gastric cancer patients / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic impact of tumor deposits on the overall survival (OS) of gastric cancer (GC) patients. Methods: Between January 2007 and December 2012, 312 GC patients undergoing curative resection in The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University were enrolled. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the tumor deposit status of postopera-tive pathology: positive group, presence of tumor deposits and negative group, absence of tumor deposits. The correlations of tumor deposit status with clinicopathological and potential prognostic factors were analyzed. Results: Eighty-four (26.9%) patients had tumor deposits. There were significant differences in Borrmann type, tumor size, depth of invasion, N stage, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, and lymphovascular invasion between the two groups on univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that Borrmann type, N stage, and lymphovascular invasion were independently associated with the presence of tumor deposits. In univariate survival analy-sis, age, tumor location, Borrmann type, tumor size, TNM stage, type of gastrectomy, lymphovascular invasion, and presence of tumor deposits were found to be significant prognostic factors. GC patients with tumor deposits had a significantly lower 5-year OS rate than those without tumor deposits (5-year OS: 34.5% vs . 67.5% , P<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that age, Borrmann type III/IV, TNM stage, lymphovascular invasion, and presence of tumor deposits were independent prognostic factors for this cohort. Further stratified analysis demonstrated that the significant prognostic differences between the two groups were only observed in patients with stage N0-3a disease. There were no significant differences in survival between patients with and without tumor deposits at the N3b stage. The prognosis of GC patients with tumor deposits was independently correlated with N stage, lymphovascular invasion, and postoperative chemotherapy. Conclusions: The presence of tumor deposits was an independent prognostic factor in GC patients and can be used as a prognostic indicator for GC patients with stage N0-3a disease. GC patients with tumor deposits should receive postop-erative chemotherapy regardless of TNM stage.

Prognostic significance of soft tissue deposits in laryngeal carcinoma / Importância prognóstica de depósitos de tecido mole no carcinoma laríngeo

Abstract Introduction: Soft tissue deposits is tumorous islands apart from lymph nodes and occasionally diagnosed in neck dissection specimens. Their importance has begun to be recognized, however, their value has not been investigated in laryngeal cancer as a single tumor site. Objective: To investigate the prognostic value of soft tissue deposits in patients with laryngeal carcinoma. Methods: Medical records of 194 patients with laryngeal carcinoma who were treated primarily by surgery and neck dissection were reviewed. Prognostic significance of soft tissue deposits was assessed along with other clinical and pathological findings. Recurrence rates, overall and disease-specific survival rates were examined. Results: The incidence of soft tissue deposits was found to be 7.2% in laryngeal carcinoma. N stage was more advanced in patients who had soft tissue deposits. Regional recurrence rate was higher and disease specific and overall survivals rates were significantly lower in patients with soft tissue deposits in univariate analysis. However, in multivariate analysis, soft tissue deposits were not found as an independent risk factor. Conclusion: In laryngeal carcinoma, soft tissue deposits was diagnosed in patients with more advanced neck disease and their significance was lesser than other factors including extranodal extension.

Resumo Introdução: Depósitos de tecido mole são ilhas tumorais diferente dos linfonodos e ocasionalmente diagnosticados em amostras de esvaziamento cervical. Sua importância começou a ser reconhecida, mas seu valor não foi investigado no câncer de laringe como um único local de tumor. Objetivo: Investigar o valor prognóstico do depósito de tecido mole em pacientes com carcinoma laríngeo. Método: Os prontuários de 194 pacientes com carcinoma laríngeo tratados principalmente por cirurgia e esvaziamento cervical foram analisados. O significado prognóstico dos depósitos de tecido mole foi avaliado juntamente com outros achados clínicos e histopatológicos. As taxas de recidiva, as taxas de sobrevida geral e específicas da doença foram avaliadas. Resultados: Observou-se uma incidência de depósitos de tecido mole de 7,2% no carcinoma laríngeo. O estágio N foi mais avançado em pacientes com depósitos de tecido mole. A taxa de recorrência regional foi maior e as taxas de sobrevida geral e específica da doença foram significativamente menores nesses pacientes na análise univariada. No entanto, na análise multivariada, o depósito de tecido mole não foi observado como um fator de risco independente. Conclusão: No carcinoma laríngeo, o depósito de tecido mole foi diagnosticado em pacientes com doença cervical mais avançada, mas sua significância foi menor do que outros fatores, inclusive a extensão extranodal.

Expression and effect of THEM4/Akt on extracellular matrix deposit in kidney of diabetic mice / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To investigate the relations of THEM4/Akt expression and extracellular matrix deposit in kidney of diabetic mice. Methods Diabetic mice models were successfully established by intraperitoneally injected STZ. Both normal control mice and diabetic mice were raised for 8 week until they were sacrificed. Western blot, immunohistochemistry and realtime PCR were used to detect the expression of THEM4, phospho-Akt (Ser 473), TGF-β1, a-SMA, Col Ш, FN protein and THEM4 mRNA in the kidneys of normal mice and diabetic mice. Results Compared to normal control mice, THEM4 expression decreased by 37.7％ followed by 3.66, 1.29 2.33, 1.99 and 2.82 times increased of phospho-Akt (Ser473), TGF-β1, a-SMA, Col Ш and FN in kidney of diabetes mellitus. Extracellular matrix accumulation was found in renal interstitial region of diabetic mice. Conclusion The decreased THEM4 might cause extracellular matrix deposit in kidney of diabetic mice by upregulating the phosphorylation of Akt and TGF-β1, α-SMA expression in diabetic mice.

Factores de riesgo relacionados con la positividad al mosquito Aedes aegypti en viviendas del área de salud del Policlínico Municipal / Risk factors related to the positivity to Aedes aegypti mosquito in houses of the Municipal Polyclinic health area

Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles representados por 155 y 310 viviendas, respectivamente, para identificar factores de riesgo relacionados con la positividad al mosquito Aedes aegypti en el radio de acción del Policlínico Municipal de Santiago de Cuba, durante el 2012. Entre esos factores de riesgo constituyeron los principales: depósitos bajos no protegidos, patios no saneados, salideros, tanque elevado y otros, acerca de los cuales se obtuvieron el odds ratio, la razón atribuible poblacional y la fracción etiológica. Se concluyó que tales factores perpetuaron la presencia de focos del vector en esos hogares de la mencionada área de salud

A case and control study represented by 155 and 310 houses, respectively, to identify risk factors related to the positivity to Aedes aegypti mosquito in the area of the Municipal Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba, was carried out during 2012. Among the risk factors there were: unprotected low deposits, dirty yards, likings, high deposits and others, about which the odds ratio, the populational attributable reason and the etiologic fraction were obtained. It was concluded that such factors perpetuated the presence of the vector focuses in those homes of the aforementioned health area

Evaluación de la intensidad de señal en núcleo dentado, puente, globus pallidus y tálamo en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple: valoración de la retención de gadolinio / Evaluation of signal intensity in dentate nucleus, pons, globus pallidus and thalamus in patients with multiple sclerosis: assessment of gadolinium retention

Introduction: Recently, some studies have reported accumulation of gadolinium in the brain of patients with multiple administrations of gadolinium-based contrast. Patients with multiple sclerosis are subjected to multiple contrasting resonances and could become a population at risk. Objective: To determine whether repeated intravenous exposure to gadolinium is associated with more intensity in the thalamus, dentate nucleus, pons and the globus pallidus. Methods: A retrospective study of 60 patients with MS who had undergone two or more contrasted MRs between 2007 and 2015, was performed. The ratios calculated were: dentate nuclei-to-pons (DNP), thalamus-to-pons (TP), caudate nuclei-to-pons (CNP), globus pallidus-to-thalamus (GPT), globus pallidus-to-pons (GPP), by reviewing simple T1 axial sequences. Relative changes were calculated and compared with the number of contrasted MRs. The concordance between observers and the intraclass correlation coefficient was evaluated. Results: There was no evidence of increased signal intensity in T1 sequences (DNP 0.524, GPT 0.466, GPP 0.684, TP 0.771, CNP 0.352). As there were no differences, the Spearman coefficient showed no correlation between relative changes and the number of resonances performed. Inter-observer agreement was almost perfect (0.982) for all structures. Conclusion: Our study did not find a statistically significant increase in the T1 signal intensity in patients with multiple sclerosis. However, there are factors to consider, such as the type of gadolinium and the time lapse between administrations.

Introducción: Recientemente, algunos estudios han informado acumulación de gadolinio en el cerebro de los pacientes con múltiples administraciones de contraste basado en gadolinio. Los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple son sometidos a múltiples resonancias contrastadas y podrían convertirse en una población de riesgo. Objetivo: Determinar si la exposición repetida por vía intravenosa a gadolino se asocia con mayor intensidad en el tálamo, el dentado, el puente y el globo pálido. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo núcleo de 60 pacientes con EM que habían sido sometidos a dos o más RM contrastadas entre 2007 - 2015. Se calcularon las razones núcleo dentado - puente (DNP), tálamo-puente (TP), núcleo caudado- puente (CNP), globus pallidus - tálamo (GPT), globus pallidos - puente (GPP), revisando secuencias T1 axiales simples. Se calcularon los cambios relativos y se compararon con el número de RM contrastadas. Se evaluó la concordancia entre observadores con el coeficiente de correlación intraclase. Resultados: No hubo evidencia de aumento de la intensidad de la señal en secuencias T1 (DNP 0,524, 0,446 GPT, GPP 0,684, 0,771 PT, CNP 0.352). Al no existir diferencias, el coeficiente de Spearman no mostró correlación entre los cambios relativos y el número de resonancias realizadas. La concordancia interobservador fue casi perfecta (0.982) para todas las estructuras. Conclusión: Nuestro estudio no encontró un aumento estadísticamente significativo en la intensidad de la señal T1 en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple. Sin embargo, hay factores a considerar, tales como el tipo de gadolinio y el lapso de tiempo entre las administraciones.

Clinical and pathological characteristics of children with C3 glomerulopathy / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features and treatment of children with C3 glomerulopathy (C3 G).Methods Seven children diagnosed as C3 G by clinical and pathological characteristics were enrolled in this study.The clinicopathological data and the prognosis were analyzed.Results Of the 7 cases,4 cases were female and 3 cases were male,with the mean age of (7.7-± 3.1) years old (1.5-10.4 years old) at onset,the duration from onset to renal biopsy was (3.4 ± 2.4) months (1-6 months) and 1 of them had a second renal biopsy 4.2 years later,and mean age was (8.4 ± 3.6) years old (1.8-13.3 years old) on diagnosis.Clinical features:among the 7 patients,6 cases had hematuria,among them 1 case had gross hematuria and 5 cases had microscopic hematuria;6 cases had low level of serum complement C3,5 cases had heavy proteinuria and low serum albumin,and anemia was observed in 2 cases respectively.Five cases had complement factor H and H factor antibody by examination,and 1 of them had low serum factor H,but none of them had serum antibody to factor H.Four cases had genetic evaluation,and only 1 case revealed risk variants in the C3 gene(R304R,T612T,V807V,A915A,P1632P)and CFH gene(p.H402Y,p.E936D).Clinically,4 cases were diagnosed as nephrotic syndrome of nephritis type,2 cases were diagnosed as nephritic syndrome,and 1 case was diagnosed as nephrotic syndrome of simple type.Immunofluorescence study showed that all the cases had intense deposition of C3,and 6 cases were accompanied by the deposition of immunoglobulin.Under light microscopy,3 cases showed the feature of membrane proliferative glomemlonephritis,2 cases with endocapillary prolifera-tive glomerulonephritis,1 case with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis,and 1 case with endoeapillary proliferative IgA nephropathy.Under electron microscopy,3 cases who had typical ribbon-like dense deposits in glomerular basement membrane were of dense deposit disease,and the rest were C3 glomerulonephritis.All patients had steroid and immune inhibitor treatment,and during the follow-up stage of (2.6 ± 1.8) years(1.1-5.6 years),4 cases showed normal urinalysis,2 cases had microproteinurine and microscopic hematuria,and 1 case had urinary protein ± to + + and microscopic hematuria.Conclusions C3G has variety of pathological-clinical manifestation.Interpretation of individual cases depends on integration of information from the biopsy together with clinical,serological,and genetic features.Patients with steroid and immune inhibitor treatment had some clinical improvement of their urinalysis.

Prevalence of Obesity as Determined by Different Anthropometric Indices Among Rural Adolescents in Aba South LGA, Abia State, Nigeria

Introduction: Adolescent obesity is a growing public health problem worldwide. This study assessed the prevalence of obesity in a sample of Nigerian rural adolescents using different anthropometric indices. Methods: A total of 600 secondary school adolescents aged 10 to 19 years were selected from ten secondary schools in the Aba South Local Government Area (WA) using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Weight, height, arm circumference, and skinfold measurements were obtained using standard methods. Body fat percentage was calculated according to the Slaughter and Shaikh equations. Descriptive statistics were used to examine gender-specific anthropometric indices. Chi-square and independent t-test were applied to determine differences between the sexes. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the subjects was 9.7% and 3.5%, respectively. There was a significant difference between males and females for waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio and body fat percentage. Females had more fat deposits in all the skinfold sites measured than males regardless of age group. Females also had significantly higher body fat than males. Multiple regression analysis revealed that calf fat was a strong predictor of body fat percentage in the subjects. Conclusion: More than 10% of the rural Nigerian adolescents studied were overweight, with the females showing significantly higher body fat than the males according to the criteria used. Further studies are recommended to identify contributing factors for the results obtained.

Prevalence of Obesity as Determined by Different Anthropometric Indices Among Rural Adolescents in Aba South LGA, Abia State, Nigeria

Introduction: Adolescent obesity is a growing public health problem worldwide. This study assessed the prevalence of obesity in a sample of Nigerian rural adolescents using different anthropometric indices. Methods: A total of 600 secondary school adolescents aged 10 to 19 years were selected from ten secondary schools in the Aba South Local Government Area (WA) using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Weight, height, arm circumference, and skinfold measurements were obtained using standard methods. Body fat percentage was calculated according to the Slaughter and Shaikh equations. Descriptive statistics were used to examine gender-specific anthropometric indices. Chi-square and independent t-test were applied to determine differences between the sexes. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the subjects was 9.7% and 3.5%, respectively. There was a significant difference between males and females for waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio and body fat percentage. Females had more fat deposits in all the skinfold sites measured than males regardless of age group. Females also had significantly higher body fat than males. Multiple regression analysis revealed that calf fat was a strong predictor of body fat percentage in the subjects. Conclusion: More than 10% of the rural Nigerian adolescents studied were overweight, with the females showing significantly higher body fat than the males according to the criteria used. Further studies are recommended to identify contributing factors for the results obtained.

El patrimonio documental de la nación cubana: amparo jurídico en la legislación nacional e internacional / Cuba's documentary heritage: its legal protection by national and international legislation

El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar los diferentes cuerpos legislativos y regulatorios, nacionales e internacionales, que amparan y tutelan jurídicamente el patrimonio documental cubano. Se identifican las legislaciones y las regulaciones a nivel nacional e internacional que amparan y ofrecen tutela jurídica al patrimonio documental cubano, para lo cual se define el concepto de categoría documental patrimonial. Se expone la tutela jurídica que ampara este dominio a nivel internacional, y se hace énfasis en las diferentes iniciativas declaradas por la UNESCO, organismo fundamental encargado de la salvaguarda y la socialización de este, a través de su programa Memoria del Mundo. En el contexto legislativo nacional se abunda en los diferentes períodos históricos en cuanto a tratamiento y evolución en la legislación cubana, de la categoría patrimonio documental, hasta su concreción en el presente siglo de dos decretos leyes que amparan esta categoría de manera sucinta: el Decreto-Ley No 271/10 De las Bibliotecas de la República de Cuba, y el Decreto-ley No. 265/2009 Del Sistema Nacional de Archivos de la República de Cuba. Finalmente se exponen varias recomendaciones internacionales para la salvaguarda y cuidado del patrimonio documental...

The purpose of this research study is to identify the various national and international legal and regulatory bodies protecting and safeguarding the Cuban documentary heritage. Identification was performed of national and international legislation and regulations legally protecting and safeguarding the Cuban documentary heritage. For this purpose, a definition was devised of the concept of documentary heritage category. A description is provided of the legal protection tools safeguarding the documentary heritage worldwide, highlighting the various initiatives implemented by UNESCO, the leading agency in the safeguard and socialization of heritage, as part of its Memory of the World program. An analysis was performed of the various periods in the evolution of the national legal system, particularly the treatment given to the documentary heritage and the adoption in the present century of two decree-laws dealing with its protection: Decree-Law No. 271/10 Of libraries in the Republic of Cuba, and Decree-Law No. 265/2009 Of the National System of Archives in the Republic of Cuba. Several recommendations are made for the international safeguard and care of the documentary heritage...

Progress of C3 glomerulopathy / 中国小儿急救医学

C3 glomerulopathy is a group of diseases with immunofluorescence staining C3 along the glomerular capillary loops deposition,may be accompanied by other immunoglobulin deposition,but C3 sedi-mentary classic way was more than other immunoglobulin and complement activation ingredients ( such as C1q,C4). C3 glomerulopathy is a group of primary glomerular disease and relatively rare. This article mainly reviewed the pathological characteristic of C3 glomerulopathy,clinical manifestation,diagnosis and treatment, in order to improve clinical understanding of C3 glomerulopathy.