Effect of Magnolia officinalis Cortex Before and After Sweating on Distribution of Intestinal Flora and Levels of 5-HT and SP in IBS-C Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Magnolia officinalis cortex for constipation-type irritable bowel syndrome（IBS-C） rats before and after sweating. MethodIBS-C rat model was established by gavage of ice water， and rats were randomly divided into the blank group， model group， mosapride group（1 mg·kg-1）， M. officinalis cortex group（10 g·kg-1） and sweated M. officinalis cortex group（10 g·kg-1）. The changes of body weight， fecal number and fecal water content of rats were observed， 16S rRNA sequencing was used to detect the structural changes of fecal intestinal flora in rats， the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine（5-HT） and substance P（SP） in colonic tissues of rats were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. ResultCompared with the model group， the fecal water content and fecal number of mosapride group， M. officinalis cortex group and sweated M. officinalis cortex group were significantly increased（P<0.05）. At the phylum level， the top four species of flora abundance were Firmicutes， Bacteroidetes， Spirochaetes and Proteobacteria. Compared with the blank group， the proportion of Firmicutes in the model group was significantly reduced（P<0.05）， while the proportion of Spirochaetes was significantly increased（P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the proportion of Firmicutes and Spirochaetes in M. officinalis cortex group and sweated M. officinalis cortex group tended to be similar to that in the blank group， and the proportion of Spirochaetes in sweated M. officinalis cortex group was lower than that of M. officinalis cortex group. At the family level， the top four species of flora abundance were Lactobacillaceae， S24_7， Ruminococcaceae， Bacteroidaceae， compared with the blank group， the proportion of Lactobacillaceae in the model group decreased significantly（P<0.05）， and its proportion in the M. officinalis cortex group and sweated M. officinalis cortex group increased significantly after administration（P<0.05）， and the flora structure of the two groups tended to be similar to that of the blank group. At the genus level， the top four species of flora abundance were Lactobacillus， Unspecified_S24_7， Bacteroides and Treponema. Compared with the blank group， the proportion of Lactobacillus in the model group decreased significantly（P<0.05）， while the proportion of Treponema increased significantly（P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， ratio of bacterial structure of Lactobacillus and Treponema in the M. officinalis cortex group and sweated M. officinalis cortex group tended to be similar to those in the blank group， indicating that M. officinalis cortex could restore the intestinal microbial structure of IBS-C rats before and after sweating. Compared with the model group， the 5-HT content in mosapride group was significantly reduced（P<0.05）， the contents of 5-HT and SP in the M. officinalis cortex group and sweated M. officinalis cortex group were significantly increased（P<0.01）， and the sweated M. officinalis cortex group was higher than the M. officinalis cortex group. ConclusionM. officinalis cortex can play a therapeutic role on IBS-C rats by regulating 5-HT pathway and intestinal flora structure before and after sweating.

Honokiol attenuates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting hepatic CYP1A2 activity and improving liver mitochondrial dysfunction / 中草药·英文版

OBJECTIVE@#Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a common cause of liver injury. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of honokiol (Hon) against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and its potential mechanism.@*METHODS@#C57BL/6 mice were administrated with Hon (10 and 30 mg/kg) after APAP (300 mg/kg) treatment. On 1.5 h and 5 h after Hon treatment, mice were sacrificed. Serum and liver were collected. And then, liver injury-related indexes, APAP metabolism-related indexes, mitochondrial respiratory chain function-related indexes, and mitochondrial membrane function-related protein expression were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#It was found that Hon significantly decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and glutathione (GSH) depletion, increased hepatic catalase (CAT) and GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, reduced hepatic MDA and 3-nitrotyrosine contents, inhibited hepatic CYP1A2 activity and APAP protein adducts (APAP-CYS) formation. Meanwhile, oxidative phosphorylation capacity of complex I and electron transfer capacity of complex IV in mitochondrial respiratory chain was increased, whereas the release of H2O2 in the mitochondria was decreased following Hon treatment. Furthermore, Hon markedly down-regulated p-JNK in both cytosol and mitochondria, and obviously inhibited the release of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (EndoG) from mitochondria to cytosol.@*CONCLUSION@#Hon alleviated APAP-induced liver injury through the following pathways: Reducing the production of APAP-CYS by inhibiting CYP1A2 activity; Ameliorating hepatic oxidative stress by increasing the levels of hepatic CAT, GSH-Px and GSH; Improving mitochondrial respiratory chain function by promoting oxidative phosphorylation capacity of complex I and electron transfer capacity of complex IV; Improving the function of mitochondrial membrane by inhibiting p-JNK and its translocation to mitochondria, thereby reducing the release of AIF and EndoG.

New oligomeric neolignans from the leaves of Magnolia officinalis var. biloba / 中国天然药物

Six new oligomeric neolignans including two trimeric neolignans (1 and 2) and four dimeric neolignans (3-6) were isolated from the leaves of Magnolia officinalis var. biloba. Their structures were determined based on HR-ESIMS and NMR data, as well as electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compound 1 is formed from two obovatol moieties directly linked to an aromatic ring of the remaining obovatol moiety, which is an unprecedented type of linkage between monomers. All isolates were assessed for their inhibitory effects on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Compounds 1 and 3 showed significantly inhibitory activities with IC

Comparative transcriptome and proteome profiling of chlorophyll metabolism pathway in four types of Magnolia officinalis / 中国中药杂志

Magnolia officinalis is a traditional Chinese medicine,with many years of cultivating process, M. officinalis leaves show more differentiation types due to the exchange of seeds from different provenances. "Da Ao"(DA), "Xiao Ao"(XA), "Chuan Hou"(CH),and "Liu Ye"(LY)are the main types of M. officinalis in Sichuan province of China,and there were obvious differences in growth rate,chemical composition,leaf shape and leaf colour. This study selected different types of M. officinalis leaves(DA,XA,LY and CH)from Sichuan to determine their chlorophyll content. Transcriptomic level sequencing of different types of M. officinalis leaf tissues was by high-throughput sequencing analysis and proteomics used an integrated approach involving TMT labelling and LC-MS/MS to quantify the dynamic changes of the whole proteome of M. officinalis. The results showed that CH had the lowest chlorophyll content while DA had the highest chlorophyll content. Furthermore,transcriptome and proteomics results showed that chlorophyll synthesis pathway in DA glutamine-tRNA reductase,urinary porphyrins decarboxylase(UROD),oxygen-dependent protoporphyrin(ODCO),the original-Ⅲ oxidase protoporphyrin oxidase(PPO),magnesium chelating enzyme subunit ChlD,protoporphyrin magnesium Ⅸ monomethyl ester [oxidative] cyclase(MPPMC)were significantly higher than CH,XA and LY,consistent in the results of determination of chlorophyll content(chlorophyll content was highest of 37.56 mg·g~(-1) FW). Some rate-limiting enzymes related to the chlorophyll synthesis,such as ODCO,PPO and MPPMC were tested by Parallel Reaction Monitoring(PRM),and the results showed that the rate-limiting enzyme content in DA was higher than that in other three types. Therefore,based on the differences in leaf color of four types of M. officinalis,the research conducted a preliminary study on the chlorophyll metabolism pathway in leaves of different types of M. officinalis,and explored relevant genes and proteins causing leaf color differences from the molecular level,so as to lay a foundation for studying the differences in growth and development of different types of M. officinalis.

Effects and mechanism of total phenols of Magnolia officinalis combined with Maijunan Tablets on blood pressure of spontaneous hypertensive rats / 中草药·英文版

Objective: Maijunan (MJA) Tablets is a protected variety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) consisted of Pueraria lobata, hydrochlorothiazide (HTCZ), Uncaria rhynchophylla (366:1:980) and excipient. In the present work, MJA was consisted of the total flavones of P. lobata, HCTZ and total alkaloids of U. rhynchophylla (40:11:75). The combination of MJA and the total phenols of Magnolia officinalis (M-MJA) was consisted of the total flavones of P. lobata, the total phenols of M. officinalis, HCTZ and the total alkaloids of U. rhynchophylla (40:40:11:75). The aim of this work was to examine the effect and mechanism of M-MJA on the blood pressure of spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs). Methods: Adult male SHRs were randomly divided into control group, MJA group (180 mg/kg·d), and the M-MJA group (218 mg/kg·d) (n = 5). SHRs were orally administered with M-MJA and MJA respectively once a day for 8 weeks, the blood pressure of SHRs was measured every two weeks, and the biochemical indicators related to blood pressures were detected at the last dosing. Results: After oral administration of M-MJA to SHRs once a day for 8 weeks, the systolic and diastolic blood pressures of SHRs were deceased significantly. M-MJA affected renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by decreasing the levels of Ren, Ang II and ALD, affected the endothelial function by decreasing the levels of ET-1 and 20-HETE, and increasing the level of eNOS, affected the oxidative stress by increasing the protein expression of Nrf2 and the activities of HO-1 and GSH-Px, and decreasing the protein expression of CYP2E1 and CYP4A, as well as the content of MDA. Conclusion: These results indicated that M-MJA could regulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, improve endothelial function, and inhibit CYP4A activity to reduce the production of 20-HETE, alleviate the oxidative stress disorder of the visceral organs, and eventually exert antihypertensive effect. Additionally, the anti-oxidant ability, regulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and improving endothelial function of M-MJA are more powerful than that of MJA, suggesting that M-MJA may have a better anti-hypertensive effect than MJA.

Study on influence of Magnolia officinalis before and after "sweating" on gastrointestinal motility disorder in rats by metabolomics / 中国中药杂志

Based on metabolomics,the effect of Magnolia officinalis before and after " sweating" on gastrointestinal motility disorder( rat) was compared. To study the mechanism of M. officinalis " sweating" increased the efficacy and reduced the toxicity. The rat model of gastrointestinal motility disorder was established by intraperitoneal injection of L-arginine. Pharmacodynamic indexes were relative residual rate of gastric pigment and intestinal propulsion ratio in rats. LC-MS metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis were used to screen and identify biomarkers associated with gastrointestinal motility disorders,and MetPA database was used to analyze related metabolic pathways. The results showed that M. officinalis could improve gastrointestinal motility disorder whether it " sweating" or not,and the effect of " sweating" M. officinalis was stronger than that of " no sweating" M. officinalis. The metabolites of the experimental groups could be distinguished distinctly,and 15 different compounds and 17 related pathways were identified preliminarily. The mechanism of M. officinalis might be to improve gastrointestinal motility disorder by increasing the content of L-glutamate in the metabolic pathway of alanine,aspartate and glutamate and protecting gastrointestinal barrier. Before " sweating",M. officinalis could reduce taurine through metabolism of taurine and taurine and biosynthetic pathway of primary bile acid,increase the content of deoxycholic acid in glycine goose,and increase the risk of liver and kidney injury. After " sweating",M. officinalis could enhance gastrointestinal motility by increasing the contents of L-tryptophan and serotonin in the tryptophan pathway,and avoid the production of harmful metabolites to achieve synergistic and detoxifying effect.

Metabolomics study on effects of compatibility of alcohol extracts of Magnolia officinalis and Polygala tenuifolia on urine metabolites in rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim: To study the effect of compatibility of Magnolia officinalis and Polygala tenuifolia on urine metabolites in rats, to explore its characteristic biomar-kers and analyze the related metabolic pathways, and to provide references for exploring the possible mechanisms of Magnolia officinalis relieving gastrointestinal motility disorders induced by Polygala tenuifolia. Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, Polygala tenuifolia 1.75 g · kg-1 group, Magnolia officinalis 3.50 g · kg-1 group, and the compatibility group (3.50 + 1.75) g · kg-1, continuously orally administered for three days. Urine was collected within 24 hours after the last administration and detected by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS in each group. The characteristic biomarkers and corresponding metabolic pathways were analyzed or screened by Progenesis QI V2.0, SIMCA-P 14.0, SPSS 20. 0, MetaboAnalyst 3. 0 and other softwares. Results: The metabolites in control group and drug-administered group could be clearly distinguished, and a total of 16 characteristic metabolites, 2-Aminobenzoic acid, D-Glucurono-6, 3-lactone and Homovanillin, were screened out. The main related pathways included Tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism and primary bile acid biosynthesis. Conclusions: The mechanism of Magnolia officinalis relieving gastrointestinal motility disorders induced by Polygala tenuifolia might be related with Tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis and vitamin B6 metabolism.

Microbial community diversity and its characteristics in Magnolia Officinalis Cortex "sweating" process based on high-throughput sequencing / 中国中药杂志

Magnolia Officinalis Cortex has been used as a traditional Chinese herb for thousands of years in China. According to Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the processing of Magnolia Officinalis Cortex needs " sweating" or " Fahan",which was a special drying process and considered to be an important symbol for high quality and genuine medicinal materials. In this unique processing mode,Magnolia Officinalis Cortex's microbial community structure may be changed,but little is known about microbial diversity during the " sweating". In this study,to analyze the change and its change rules of microbial community of Magnolia Officinalis Cortex in the whole process of " sweating",and find out the microbial community that affects the quality of Magnolia Officinalis Cortex in the process of its " sweating",and provide a basis for further research on the microbial transformation of Magnolia Officinalis Cortex,MiSeq highthroughput sequencing was used to evaluate the microbial diversity of natural " sweating" of Magnolia Officinalis Cortex. In this research,334 genera fungi and 674 genera bacteria were identified. The dominant species weren' t obvious during the early stage of " sweating". Candida was the dominant fungal species( 45. 01%-71. 93%) during the medium " sweating" stage. Aspergillus is the dominant fungal species( 45. 83%-95. 51%) during the late stage of " sweating". Moreover,Enterobacter and Klebsiella were the primary bacterial genus( ≥56. 05%) during the middle and late stages of " sweating". In addition,the predominant bacteria in the process of " sweating" included Bacillus,Deinococcus,Sphingomonas,Hymenobacter and Jatrophihabitans. In conclusion,the microbial diversities and the main dominant fungi and bacteria in the process of " sweating" of Magnolia Officinalis Cortex were initially determined. It was also found that the metabolism of Aspergillus and Candida may be related to the character formation,which were sweet odor and brown inner surface after " sweating". The results provide a theoretical basis for the study of the influence of different microorganisms on the excellent traits formation of " sweating" Magnolia Officinalis Cortex.

Analysis of Difference of Chemical Constituents in Magnolia officinalis var. biloba Rehd. et Wils from Different Commercial Specifications by LC-Triple TOF MS/MS / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the differences in chemical composition of Magnolia officinalis var. biloba Rehd. et Wils from different commercial specifications. METHODS: The difference in chemical constituents of Magnolia officinalis var. biloba Rehd. et Wils from different commercial specifications was analyzed by LC-Triple TOF MS/MS combined with multivariate statistical analysis. Through analysis of the multistage tandem mass spectrometry, the characteristic peaks were extracted with mass spectrometry data peak matching, peak alignment, and noise filtering. Principal component analysis(PCA)and partial least-squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)were used for data processing. The components were identified according to MS accurate mass and MS/MS spectrometry fragmentation information, combined with the database search and literature. RESULTS: The chemical constituents in Magnolia officinalis var. biloba Rehd. et Wils from different commercial specifications were clearly distinguished. Twenty-two chemical constituents had significant differences. Among them, 10 kinds of common different chemical constituents, such as leonoside A, syringaresinol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, magnolignan D, magnolignan A or C, randaiol, honokiol, obovatol, magnolignan G, (±)9-HODE and piperitylmagnolol, presented different changing laws. CONCLUSION: This study can provide references for establishment of a mathematical model for prediction of the specifications of chemical information of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex based on metabolomics and comprehensive evaluation of the quality of medicinal herbs.

Development and function analysis of SSR molecular markers in Magnolia officinalis transcriptome / 中草药

Objective: SSR markers, primers and unigene function in the transcriptome of Magnolia officinalis were analyzed in this study to provide powerful tools for molecular marker-assisted breeding and resources protection in this plant. Methods: A total of 16 369 unigenes obtained by transcriptome sequencing were used to explore SSR. SSR primers were designed by Primer.0 3 and 45 pairs were randomly selected for PCR. The gene function analysis of SSR unigene were obtained by Blast. Results: A total of 8 635 SSR were identified, accounting for 52.75%. Among them, mononucleotide, dinucleotide and trinucleotide type were the dominant types, and the type which repeated for 10 times was the most. Additionally, the dominant repeat types were A/T, AG/CT and AAG/CTT, and the distribution frequencies were 47.16%, 31.74%, and 6.53%. Twenty-two pairs of 45 primers produced fragments with expected molecular size. Unigenes containing SSR were annotated to the process of energy and redox reaction, RNA transport, spliceosome and plant hormone signal transduction metabolic pathway. Conclusion: The SSR markers in the transcriptome of M.officinalis show rich type, strong specificity and high potential, which will benefit to the candidate gene mining and marker-assisted breeding.

Production division of magnolia officinalis in China based on GIS / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study production division of Magnolia officinalis in China based on geograpic information system(GIS), and to provide scientific basis for determining the suitable planting region of Magnolia officinalis. METHODS: Investigate the resources and quality analysis of Magnolia officinalis of 43 sampling points. Use the maxent to calculate the ecological factors affecting the growth and quality of Magnolia officinalis. The various factors affecting level was analyzed by statistical analysis. The GIS was applied to assess the production division. RESULTS: The habitat suitability values of Magnolia officinalis in southwest Hubei and eastern Chongqing is highest. The content of magnolol and honokiol in the local product is similar. CONCLUSION: Hubei and Chongqing are the best planting bases of Magnolia officinalis.

Screening target genes for bimolecular marking methods of Magnolia quality / 中国中药杂志

The study used use bimolecular marking methods to evaluate the lignans of Magnolia officinalis and M. officinalis var. biloba. First, we compare the chemical constituents between M. officinalis and M. officinalis var.biloba. There were significant differences in concentration of magnolignan I between leaves of these two varieties. Then we further select the p-hydroxyphenyl lignin to mining the key enzyme genes of biosynthesis from Magnolia transcriptome, and screened an encoding cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogease gene as the candidate marker of bimolecular marking methods of Magnolia quality by comparing of the expression level and structure variation in homologous gene between M. officinalis and M. officinalis var.biloba. The established method provides the technical support for bimolecular marking methods of Magnolia quality evaluation.

Identification of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase and analysis on essential oil in Magnolia officinalis / 中草药

Objective: Based on the data of transcriptome sequencing of Magnolia officinalis, MoDXS1 and MoDXS2 genes were completed in detail by using bioinformatics methods. Methods: MoDXS1 and MoDXS2 genes were analyzed and predicted by the tools of bioinformatics in the following aspects: physical and chemical characteristics of amino acid sequences, function domain, hyophobicity or hydrophilicity, secondary structure and tertiary structure of protein, molecular phylogenetic evolution, and so on; The expression levels of MoDXS1 and MoDXS2 were identified by real-time PCR. Results: ORF Finder indicated that MoDXS1 and MoDXS2 genes were full-length, and they all were unstable hydrophobic proteins; Structural domain of MoDXS1 and MoDXS2 showed high homology with other plants; The secondary structures all were hybrid architecture, and alpha helixes were the major motifs, tertiary structure of protein was predicted by Homology modeling; Sequence alignment that MoDXS family had relative close relationship to the DXS of Nicotiana tabacum, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Arabidopsis thaliana; The results of evolutionary relationship analysis showed that MoDXS1 had relative close relationship to angiosperm, but MoDXS2 was clustered in a clade solely; The expression levels of DXS1 in M. officinalis and M. officinalis var. biloba were not significantly different, but the expression level of DXS2 in M. officinalis var. biloba was higher than that in M. officinalis. By applying the technique of GC-MS, the contents of major volatile components β-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene oxide, and β-eudesmol in M. officinalis var. biloba are higher than those in M. officinalis. Conclusion: The results provide theoretical reference for studies on secondary metabolic regulation in terpenoid of M. officinalis.

Analysis on chemical constituents of volatile oil in Magnolia officinalis var. biloba produced in Jinggangshan / 中草药

Objective: To research the constituents of the volatile oil from the fruits, flowers, skins, and leaves of Magnolia officinalis var. biloba produced in Jinggangshan. This research will provide the medicinal nature proof for the different parts of M. officinalis var. biloba. Methods: The volatile oil from M. officinalis var. biloba was extracted by steam distillation, and the components of the volatile oil were separated and structurally identified by gas chromatlgraphy-mass spectrometry. The relative percentage of various volatile oil ingredients was determined by the area normalizing method in gas chromatography. Results: All 75 compounds were identified from M. officinalis var. biloba in Jinggangshan. Among them 42 compounds like 1-caryophyllene and α-pinene in nuts were identified and the relative content was 98.7%. Nineteen compounds like 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone and camphene in the flowers were identified and the relative content was 77.59%. Twenty-four compounds like α-eudesmol, and 44 alkanes in the skins were identified and the relative content was 77.92%. Thirty-two compounds like 1-caryophyllene and α-eudesmol in the leaves were identified and the relative content was 76.48%. The common constituents were 1-caryophyllene and triteracontane. The comparative analysis showed that the volatile oils existed in M. officinalis var. biloba. Conclusion: Based on the above research, we suggest that the leaves of M. officinalis var. biloba can replace the skins of M. officinalis var. biloba as medicine, The fruits of M. officinalis var. biloba also can be used to heal the desease; The flowers of M. officinalis var. biloba have little active content, which can not be used as medicine.

Callus induction and content variation of major active constituents of Magnolia officinalis subsp. biloba / 中草药

Objective: To study the callus induction and the content of active components magnolol and honokiol from Magnolia officinalis subsp. biloba and to find a new way to obtain medicinal ingredients in order to supplement the medicinal resources. Methods: Different vegetative organs from different provenances were adopted as explants, and different kinds of plant regulators with different concentration were used to induce the callus. The precursor compounds, L-phenylalanine and D, L, β-phenylalanine, were added into the subculture medium to induce the synthesis of callus; HPLC method was used to detect the total phenolic content of magnolol and honokiol in callus obtained through different culturing ways. Results: The optimal callus induction medium was: B5 + 6-BA 2.0 mg/L + 2, 4-D 1.5 mg/L; The total phenolic content of callus induced from different provenances had a significant difference in the range of 0.004%-0.228%; There was difference of total phenolic content in different regetative organs as explants, the callus cultured from young stems had the highest magnolol and honokiol content of 0.25%; Adding the precursor compound D, L, β-phenylalanine into the subculture medium could effectively improve the total phenolic content of callus by 8-10 times. Conclusion: There is little content of magnolol and honokiol in the callus of M. officinalis subsp. biloba, and the synthesis of total phenolic contents are significantly different in the callus from different provenances and different organs. D, L, β-phenylalanine could effectively improve the synthesis of total phenolic content in callus, and this research has the important significance for sustainable utilization of resources of M. officinalis subsp. biloba.

Establishment of rapid propagation system of Magnolia officinalis subsp. biloba / 中草药

Objective: To establish a rapid propagation system of Magnolia officinalis subsp. biloba. Methods: Using peeling seeds of M. officinalis subsp. biloba as the initial explants, different media and various combinations of plant growth regulators (6-BA, NAA, IBA, and IAA) on the seeds germination, the seedlings subculture, and rooting culture were studied by single factor test and orthogonal test. Results: The best culture medium of seeds germination was B5 + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L + NAA 0.1 mg/L, and the budding percentage was 87.0%; The effective medium for cluster buds-inducing and subculture was MS + 6-BA 2.5 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L, and the propagation coefficient was 6.2; The best rooting medium was 1/2 MS + NAA 0.5 mg/L, and the rooting rate was over 84% after 30 d. Conclusion: Rapid propagation technique system is established in order to lay technique foundation for the industrial production of M. officinalis subsp. biloba.

Detoxicating mechanism of cortex magnoliae officinalis and fructus aurantii immaturus combination based on metabonomic studies / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils. (Hou Po) is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicine. It has been used to treat a wide variety of clinical diseases such as wind-stroke, headache, cold and heat, fright qi, blood mpediment and dead muscle. In this study, H NMR-based metabonomics approach was used to nvestigate the toxicity of Houpo and Houpo combined with Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (Zhi Shi). Methods Male Wistar rats were divided nto three groups: control, group of Houpuo, group of Houpo combined with Zhishi. Based on H NMR spectra of urine and serum from rats, partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed to dentify different metabolic profiles. Liver and kidney histopathology examinations were also performed. Results PLS-DA scores plots demonstrated that the metabolic profile treated with Houpo alone was different from that of the control rats. The metabolic profile of the group treated with Houpo combined with Zhishi was similar with that of the control. Statistics results were confirmed by the histopathological examination. Conclusion The combination of Houpo and Zhishi would relieve the damage n iver and kidney caused by Houpo.

Chemical constituents in leaves of Magnolia officinalis var. biloba / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents in the leaves of Magnolia officinalis var. biloba. Methods: Compounds were isolated by various chromatographic techniques and identified by spectral analyses. Results: Twelve compounds were isolated in the 75% ethanol extract from the leaves of M. officinalis var. biloba and identified as lirioresinol-A (1), 6, 7-dimethoxycoumarin (2), indole-3-aldehyde (3), S-(+)-dehydrovomifoliol (4), loliolide (5), magnolol (6), trans-p-coumaryl aldehyde (7), honokiol (8), 4-allylphenol (9), nonacosanoic acid (10), grasshopper ketone (11), and syringin (12). Conclusion: Compounds 1-5, 7, 9-11 are first isolated from the leaves of M. officinalis var. biloba and plants of this genus.

Anticancer Effect of Magnolia officinalis' Extract on N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) Nitrosamine Induced Bladder Cancer in Mice / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: Magnolia officinalis has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat a variety of diseases. The main constituents of Magnolia officinalis are honokiol and magnolol, which have a variety of pharmacological effects, such as antitumor, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory etc. This study examined the anticancer effect of a Magnolia officinalis' extract on urinary bladder cancer in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male mice C3H/He were used as the experimental animals. The mice were divided into ten groups. Normal drinking water was provided to group 1(5 mice) for 20 weeks and 0.05% N-butyl- N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine(BBN) was added to in the drinking water of group 2(5 mice). 0.1, 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0% Magnolia officinalis' extract was added to groups 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively(5 mice each), and 0.1, 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0% Magnolia officinalis' extract plus 0.05% BBN was added to groups 7, 8, 9 and 10, respectively(10 mice each) for the same period. All surviving mice were sacrificed at week 20 to investigate the occurrence of bladder cancer, stage and grade. RESULTS: Bladder cancer was not observed in groups 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 mice. The rates of bladder cancer occurrence were 57.1, 66.7, 44.4 and 20.0% in groups 7, 8, 9 and 10, respectively. The incidence decreased with increasing concentration of Magnolia officinalis (p=0.005). However, the stage and grade were not associated with the concentration of Magnolia officinalis(each p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that Magnolia officinalis has some protective effect against bladder cancer. In the future, Magnolia officinalis may be expected to play an important role as a chemo-preventive and therapeutic agent or as a complementary agent in bladder cancer.

Induction of Magnolia officinalis Rehd.et Wils.var.biloba Rehd.et Wils. Callus and Contents of Active Components in Callus from Different Sources / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To study the induction and growth of Magnolia officinalis Rehd.et Wils.var.biloba Rehd.et Wils. callus and to compare the content of active components in callus from different sources.METHODS: The factors influencing the induction and growth of Magnolia officinalis Rehd.et Wils.var.biloba Rehd.et Wils. callus were studied by single factor analysis and orthogonal design. The contents of active components in callus from different sources were determined by HPLC. RESULTS: In the various explants, the apical buds and stem fragments exhibited the best ability of dedifferentiation to form callus, followed by pistils. The optimum culture medium of the callus induction was B5+NAA0.1 mg?L-1+6-BA1.0 mg?L-1, while the culture medium B5+NAA0.5 mg?L-1+6-BA4.0 mg?L-1 markedly improved the growth of the callus; after secondary culture of the callus induced by the WPM basic medium, the total content of Magnolol plus Honokiol ranged from 0.167 9% to 0.234 4%, but the induction rate of the callus was low at 33.08%～48.65%. Under the culture condition of MS+NAA0.5 mg?L-1+6-BA1.0 mg?L-1,the rate of callus induction was 62.12% and the total content of Magnolol plus Honokiol after secondary culture was 0.168 6%. CONCLUSION: The results serve as reference in the tissue culture of Magnolia officinalis Rehd.et Wils.var.biloba Rehd.et Wils and the screening of the high production cell line.