Optimization of Ethanol Extraction Technology forDingtongning Granule by Orthogonal Design / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To optimize ethanol extraction technologyDingtongning Granule.Methods With yield of extract and content of tanshinoneⅡA as comprehensive evaluation indexes, the concentration of ethanol, the amount of ethanol, soaking time, extraction time and extraction times were selected as observing factors. Orthogonal design test L18(37) was used to optimize ethanol extraction technology ofDingtongning Granule.Results Optimum extraction conditions were as follows: soaking medicine for 0 hour; 2 times with 6 times of the amount of 80% ethanolre; flux extracted 3 hours each time.Conclusion This optimal extraction technology is stable and reliable, which can provide basis for industrial production ofDingtongning Granule.

Simultaneous determination of four compounds in Erzhiwan by HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of nuzhenide, specnuezhenide, wedelolactone and oleanic acid in Erzhiwan.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The DIKMA C18 (4.6 mm x 200 mm, 5 microm) column was adopted with acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid solution as the mobile phase and gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1) and the volume of injection was 20 microL. The column temperature was maintained at 30 degrees C and the detective wavelength was set at 215 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There were good linear relationships between the peak area and concentration at the range of 2.008-80.32 (r = 0.999 6), 5.872-234.88 (r = 0.999 7) , 0.9-36 (r = 0.999 9), 13.24-529.6 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 6) for nuzhenide, specnuezhenide, wedelolactone and oleanic acid, respectively. The average recovery rates of nuzhenide, specnuezhenide, wedelolactone and oleanic acid were 99.25%, 98.70%, 96.23% and 101.5%, respectively, with RSD of less than 3%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The established method was so easy, rapid and accurate that it can be used as an effective way for quality control of Erzhiwan.</p>

Analysis on chemical components of Ligustrum lucidum by ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To make a qualitative analysis on chemical components in Ligustrum lucidum by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 microm) column was adopted, with methyl cyanides-0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase for gradient elution; ESI ion source was used for mass spectra, and data were collected in positive and negative mode.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Fourteen compounds of L. lucidum were identified by analyzing positive and negative ion mass spectra information and element composition and comparing controls with data from relevant literature.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>After the separation by ultra high performance liquid chromatography, relative molecular mass was determined by mass spectra, and chemical compounds in L. lucidum were determined by information search through relevant literature data, in order to provide powerful therapeutic material basis for L. lucidum.</p>

Experimental study of active ingredients group in liver protection from erzhi wan on acute hepatic injury induced by CCl4 in mice / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the active ingredients in liver protection from Erzhi Wan (AIEP) on acute hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Sixty Kunming mice were randomly divided into six groups: the normal group, the model group, bifendate group (150 mg x kg(-1)), high AIEP group (19.8 g x kg(-1)), middle AIEP group (13.2 g x kg(-1)) and low AIEP group (6.6 g x kg(-1)). The treatment groups were orally administered once per day for 7 d separately, whereas the normal and model groups were orally administered with saline. Except normal rats, all the other rats were injected intraperitoneally CCl4 20 mL x kg(-1) once. The rats were sacrificed 16 h after CCl4 administration. Serum and liver samples were collected for analysis. The acute hepatic injury model was prepared by CCl4 injected intraperitoneally. Then, the therapeutic effects of AIEP on the model were evaluated by the activity determination of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspirate aminotransferase (ALT and AST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver,and the hepatic pathohistological changes following the treatment.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The activities of ALT and AST and the MDA content in liver was significantly increased and the activity of SOD was largely inhibited in the animals of modeling group. Following the treatment with AIEP, ALT and AST activities and MDA content were significantly reduced and SOD activity was obviously increased in the mice of treatment group. Furthermore, AIEP could ameliorate the hepatic pathological changes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AIEP have protective effects on acute hepatic injury induced by CCL4 in mice, and are the effect of the liver protecting active sites.</p>

Study on detoxication of kansui radix on normal liver cells LO2 after stir-baking with vinegar / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the toxicity on normal liver cells LO2 before and after Kansui Radix stir-baked with vinegar, and make a preliminary study on the mechanism of detoxication of Kansui Radix stir-baked with vinegar.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The MTT method was adopted to detect the cell activity, with normal liver cells LO2 as the study object. The morphology of cells were observed, and the level or content of AST, ALT, LDH, SOD, Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-Mg2+ -ATPase, GSH and MDA were determined in cell culture supernatant and splitting supernatant.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the control group, Kansui can obviously inhibit the cell activity (P < 0.01) and morphology, and increase the levels of ALT, AST, and LDH (P < 0.01) in the supernatant fluid of cell incubation, and decrease the level of SOD and the content of GSH (P < 0.01). Besides, it significantly increased the content of MDA (P < 0.01) and significantly decreased the level of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+ -ATPase (P < 0.01) in the supernatant fluid of cell dissociation. Compared with Kansui group of various doses, Kansui Radix stir-baked with vinegar can significantly decrease the cell proliferation inhibition and the trend of morphological variation, and obviously decrease the levels of ALT, AST, and LDH (P < 0.01) in the supernatant fluid of cell incubation, and significantly increase the level of SOD and the content of GSH (P < 0.01), and significantly decrease the content of MDA (P < 0.01). Additionally, it significantly increased the level of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+ ATPase (P < 0.01) in the supernatant fluid of cell dissociation, and showed a certain dose-effect relationship.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Stir-baking with rice vinegar can release the hepatotoxicity of Kansui Radix. Its possible mechanism was that Kansui Radix stir-baked with vinegar can decrease the influence of Kansui Radix on the permeability of liver cells LO2 membrane and oxidative damage, in order to provide basis for further exploration of the detoxication mechanism of Kansui Radix stir-baked with vinegar.</p>

Study on intestinal absorption of mollugin and purpurin in rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the absorption kinetic characteristics of mollugin and purpurin in each intestinal segment of rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The in situ single-way perfusion rat model was established to study absorption characteristics of mollugin and purpurin in each intestinal segment of rats. The volume of recirculation fluid was regulated by phenol red.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Different quality concentrations (12.33, 24.66, 49.32 mg x L(-1)) of mollugin and (8.455, 16.91, 33.82 mg x L(-1)) purpurin showed a concentration gradient of absorption dose in each intestinal segment, with the osmotic coefficient increasing to more than 0.2 x 10(-4) cm x s(-1). In the same concentration, mollugin and purpurin showed an identical trend of P(eff) in each intestinal segment in the order of colon > duodenum > ileum > jejunum, with a significant difference (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mollugin and purpurin are highly permeable in rat intestinal segments, with absorption in each segment, while the specific absorption existed in the colon segment.</p>

Analysis of flavonoids in platycladi cacumen by UPLC-MS / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the flavonoids in Platycladi Cacumen.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The constituents in Platycladi Cacumen were determined by UPLC-MS. A Waters BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 1.7 microm) was used with a gradient elution of methanol-water containing 0.2% formic acid. The mass spectrometer equipped with electrospay ionization source was used as defector and operated in data was collected under the negative ion modes.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Eleven constituents were identified.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In this study, the main flavonoids in Platycladi Cacumen were separated by UPLC, and identified through the information of mass number and UV spectra. With the information of MS/MS from flavonoids, the modes of breaking up flavonoids were discussed. It is an accurate and effective method which can be applied for the constituent identification of Platycladi Cacumen.</p>

Analysis of chemical composition of sini san by ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze and identify the chemical ingredients in Sini San by LC-MS.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>These compounds were analyzed with an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 microm) by gradient elution of methyl cyanides and 0.1% formic acid. ESI source was used and data were collected in positive and negative mode.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Seventeen compounds of Sini San were identified by direct comparison in both positive and negative modes of Q-TOF-MS, the elemental compositions analysis, the standard substance and the data of the literature.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is a rapid and accurate method that the composition of compound prescription of traditional Chinese medicine can be identified in terms of the separation of ultra high performance liquid chromatography, the accurate molecurlar weights measured by MS and other information, which can trace to the source of compounds in Sinisan.</p>

Cell continuous extraction-HPLC determination biological affinity of 8 bufadienolides on MGC-803 cells and their correlation with anti-tumor activities / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the bioaffinity between 8 bufadienolides(Bu) and tumor cells and analyze the correlation between the bioaffinity and the anti-tumor activities of Bu.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Mix and cultivate the chloroform extract of Chansu and MGC-803. Measure the content of 8 Bu in supernatant and cells using HPLC and calculate their affinity rate.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The coefficient correlation between the decrease of Bu in cell supernatant after affinity and its MGC-803 restrictive activities, and between the cotent percentage of the free Bu in free cells with its MGC-803 restrictive activities, and between the difference between the decrease and the percentage and its MGC-803 restrictive activities is r = 0.82 (P < 0.05), r = -0.04 and r = 0.83 (P < 0.05) respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Eight Bu have different levels of affinity with MGC-803 which correlate with their anti-tumor activities.</p>

Effect of anti-arrhythmia drugs on mouse arrhythmia induced by Bufonis Venenum / 药学学报

This study is to investigate the effects of phenytoin sodium, lidocaine (sodium channel blockers), propranolol (beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist), amiodarone (drugs prolonging the action potential duration) and verapamil (calcium channel blockers) on arrhythmia of mice induced by Bufonis Venenum (Chansu) and isolated mouse hearts lethal dose of Chansu. Arrhythmia of mice were induced by Chansu and then electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded. The changes of P-R interval, QRS complex, Q-T interval, T wave amplitude, heart rate (HR) were observed. Moreover, arrhythmia rate, survival rate and arrhythmia score were counted. Isolated mouse hearts were prefused, and the lethal dose of Chansu was recorded. Compared with control group, after pretreatment with phenytoin sodium, broadening of QRS complex and HR were inhibited, and the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia was reduced dramatically, while survival rate was improved; the isolated mouse hearts lethal dose of Chansu was increased significantly. After pretreatment with lidocaine, the prolongation of P-R interval and broadening of QRS complex were inhibited, and the incidences of ventricular arrhythmia were reduced dramatically, while survival rate was improved; the isolated mouse hearts lethal dose of Chansu was increased significantly. After pretreatment with propranolol, prolongation of P-R interval, broadening of QRS complex, prolongation of Q-T interval and HR were inhibited, and the incidences of both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias were reduced dramatically, while survival rate was improved. After pretreatment with amiodarone, HR was inhibited, the incidences of ventricular tachycardia were reduced dramatically. Lastly, after pretreatment with verapamil, the prolongation of P-R interval and Q-T interval were inhibited and the incidences of both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias were reduced dramatically; the isolated mouse hearts lethal dose of Chansu was reduced significantly. In in vivo experiments, phenytoin sodium was most effective against the mice arrhythmias induced by Chansu while cautious use of verapamil for Chansu inducing arrhythmia should be noted. It is also concluded that mice ventricular arrhythmias induced by Chansu might be most closely related to sodium channel, supraventricular arrhythmias might be related to beta-adrenergic receptor, and calcium channel plays an important role in conduction block. In in vitro experiments, phenytoin sodium was most effective, followed by lidocaine and propranolol, and amiodarone had no obvious effect and verapamil reduced the lethal dose of Chansu.

Processing mechanism of calamine / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study is to analyze the processing mechanism of calamine.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>XRD, TEM and IR were adopted to analyze the structures and the components of original and calcined calamine. Their antibacterial activities were also determined.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The results indicated that zinc carbonate in original calamine was decomposed into zinc oxide after processing at 700 degrees C for 1 hour using original calamine of 40 mesh, and the particle size was smaller than before processing. All of ZnO, ZnCO3 and Zn5 (CO3) 2 (OH) 6 had antibacterial activitives.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Original calamine is deposed to ZnO after being calcined for 1 h at 700 degrees C and wet milling. The content of ZnO and antibacterial activity of calcined calamine are better than those of original calamine, moreover, the particle size diminishes and become dimensional uniformity, and the contents of dissolved impurities is decreased. The antibacterial activitives of original and calcined calamine are decided by zinc.</p>

Determination of equilibrium solubility and apparent oil/water partition coefficient of schizonepetin / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the equilibrium solubility of schizonepetin and its partition coefficients in the n-octanol-water/buffer solution systems.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The HPLC method was established and used to detect the concentration of schizonepetin in water and different organic solvents; the partition coefficients in the n-octanol-water/buffer solution systems of schizonepetin were determined by shaking flask method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The equilibrium solubility of schizonepetin was 910 mg x L(-1) in water at 25 degrees C. A higher equilibrium solubility of schizonepetin was reached at 93 855 mg x L(-1) in methanol. Partition coefficients in the n-octanol-water/buffer solution systems of schizonepetin was 49.35 (lnKow = 1.69) at 25 degrees C.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Schizonepetin was almost insoluble in petroleum ether. It has a low solubility in water balance. Equilibrium solubility in methanol is higher than what in other solvents. It have little change in apparent distribution coefficient in neutral phosphate buffer solution and has significant decrease in apparent distribution coefficient under the alkaline conditions.</p>

Recognition of spikes of Schizonepeta tenuifolia from different area based on backpropagation neural network coupled with dimension reduction of principal component analysis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The spikes of Schizonepeta tenuifolia from different habits were predicted by UV-Vis spectrum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The dimensions of spectrum data obtained from ten habits were reduced by principal component analysis, and the first six new variables with 99.82% of cumulative reliability were put into the backpropagation neural network for model building.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The recognition rate of backpropagation neural network coupled with principal component analysis (PCA-BPNN) was 100%, and its mean square error was 0.001 0.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PCA-BPNN can be used for the classifying of spikes of S. tenuifolia from different producing area, and this method is simple and fast.</p>

Baking method of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisatum based on similarity of UPLC fingerprints / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a baking method of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisatum for providing a new idea to Carbonic Herbs' research.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Samples were prepared in an oven for different time at different temperatures separately. Then the fingerprints of the samples were determined by UPLC. According to the standard fingerprint, the similarities of the samples' fingerprints were compared.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The similarities of 3 samples, which were baked at 230 degrees C for 20 min, 30 min and at 240 degrees C for 20 min, were above 0.96.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>According to the similarities of the fingerprints and in view of the appearances, Platycladi Cacumen Carbonizing should be baked at 230 degrees C for 20 min.</p>

Bio-activity evaluation of Qinlian Siwu decoction on inhibiting mice uterine contraction in vitro and its components analysis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the bio-activity of Qinlian Siwu decoction on in vitro uterus contraction model and exploit the relationship between chemical components and the bio-activity.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The samples were prepared by macroporous adsorptive resins. The in vitro uterus contraction model was adopted to appraise the bio-activities of Qinlian Siwu decoction and its different separated fractions. HPLC-DAD- ESI -MS method was applied to analyze and identify the components in the fraction QL-3.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>It was found that five active fractions (QL-1, QL-3, QL-5, QL-7 and QL-11) were separated from Qinlian Siwu decoction, mainly contributed to the observed antagonismto the contraction of the mouse uterus. 28 compounds in the fraction QL-3 were identified as malic acid, gallic acid, catalpol, protocatechuic acid, aucubin, chuanxiongzine hydrochloridum, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, paeoniflorin, berberastine, albiflorin, tetrahydropalmatine, coptisine, jatrorrhizine, leonuride, worenine, ferulic acid, palmatine, berberine, scutellarin, baicalin-7-0-glucoside, baicalin, rehmannioside C, wogonoside, chrysin-7-glucuronide, ttetuin, baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin-A.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In vitro inhibiting the contraction of the isolated mouse uterine of Qinlian Siwu decoction was mainly attributed to the fraction QL-1 and QL-3. The active fractions (QL-5, QL-7 and QL-11) were obtained from QL-3 on the macroporous adsorptive resins by the gradient elution using ethanol.</p>

Antidysmenorrheic effects of Radix angelica and Rhizoma Chuanxiong with different proportions and preparation methods on dysmenorrhea model mice / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Radix Angelica and Rhizoma Chuanxiong with different proportions (1 : 0, 2 : 1, 1.5 : 1, 1 : 1, 1 : 1.5, 1 : 2, 0 : 1), different extraction in order (by water, by ethanol, firstly by alcohol then by water) on dysmenorrhea model mice in order to observe their compatibility rules and material foundation.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The mice model of primary dysmenorrhea was used to study the effect of Radix Angelica and Rhizoma Chuanxiong with different proportions and preparation methods on writhing response and the levels of nitric oxide and calcium ion in mice uterine tissue.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Danggui-Chuanxiong (1. 5 : 1) and solution extracted firstly by alcohol then by water showed the strongest effect on primary dysmenorrhea by reducing the writhing times, increasing nitric oxide (NO) concentration and reducing calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration in uterine tissue.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Radix Angelica and Rhizoma Chuanxiong with different proportions and preparation methods showed different antidysmenorrheic trend on dysmenorrhea model mice, which was related with the containing constituents.</p>

Study on preparation processing technique of Radix Kansui stir-baked with vinegar / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the best processing technique of Radix Kansui stir-baked with vinegar.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The best processing technique was gained through determining the content of 3-O-(2'E, 4'Z-decadienoyl)-20-O-acetylingenol by HPLC as the index, and orthogonal design experiment-L9 (3(4)) was used to investigate the factors of vinegar amount, baked time and temperature.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The best processing technique was to add 30% vinegar and bake 9 minutes at 260 degrees C.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This best processing technique is stable, feasible and good repetition.</p>

Dynamic change of flavonoids' content in various extent of cortex moutan carbonisatum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Study on the of content variety of flavonoids in the course of processing Cortex Moutan,and discuss the preparation mechanism of Cortex Moutan Carbonisatum (CMC).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>HPLC method was developed for the determination of flavonoids in various extent of CMC, the sample was extracted by ultrasound 30 min twice along with ethanol 50 mL. Chromatographic conditions were as follows: wavelength 360 nm, gradient eluant of methanol--0.5% per hundred trifluoroacetic acid.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The content of the three flavonoids cuts down along with the processing time and the rising temperature.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The impact of various extent of processing on flavonoids content of the CMC is very great. The overall trend is that high temperature and long time lead to the lower of the content of flavonoids. This provides a basis data for the further study on the hemostatic mechanism and quality control of CMC.</p>

Comparative analysis of volatile oils of Wuao decoction and its major constituing herbs by GC-MS / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the correlativity between volatile components of Wuao decoction and its major constituting herbs.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The chemical compositions of essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation from Wu-ao Decoction and its major constituting herbs (Herba Ephedrae, Semen Armeniacae Amarum, Radix Platycodi, Herba Schizonepetae), were analyzed by GC-MS.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The volatile components of Wu-ao Decoction were mostly derived from Herba Ephedrae, Radix Platycodi and Herba Sehizonepetae.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method of GC-MS can be used to investigate the volatile component changes in traditional Chinese medicine formulae.</p>

HPLC fingerprints of Cortex Moutan Carbonisatum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the analytical method of the HPLC fingerprint of Cortex Moutan Carbonisatum and offer the evidence for quality control and quality evaluation of carbonized Cortex Moutan accordingly.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Ten batches of Cortex Moutan Carbonisatum were measured by HPLC with Paeonol as a reference substance and the HPLC analysis was performed on a Hedera ODS-3 Chromatographic Column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm), with methanol to Acetonitrile (1:1) and 0.5% trifluoroacetic acid solution as mobile phase in gradient mode and the detection wavelength was at 258 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The common mode of the HPLC fingerprints were set up. There were 11 common peaks in the fingerprint of ten samples, and the similar degrees to the ten batches were between 0.830-0.991.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is simple, accurate and have a good reaptability. And the quality of Cortex Moutan Carbonisatum can be controlled effectively by the HPLC fingerprint.</p>