The impact of childhood trauma on cognitive function in individuals with clinical high risk of psychosis / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the impact of cognitive function and childhood trauma in individuals with clinical high risk of psychosis (CHR).Methods:From June 2017 to September 2022, a total of 62 individuals with CHR(CHR group) were screened by structured interviews with psychiatric risk syndrome (SIPS) at Beijing Anding Hospital, and 61 healthy controls(healthy control group) matched in gender, age, and educational years were recruited. All participants were evaluated by the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) and the Chinese version of the MATRICS consensus cognitive test battery (MCCB). Differences in cognitive function and childhood trauma between the two groups were compared by R4.1.1 software, and the correlation between cognitive function and childhood trauma in the CHR group was analyzed.Results:The scores of MCCB composite score (41.46±6.97), information processing speed (40.20±8.40), attention vigilance (40.92±11.00), working memory (41.09±9.97), verbal learning, and visual learning of CHR group were significantly lower than those of healthy controls(MCCB composite score(46.26±7.64), information processing speed(45.83±8.36), attention vigilance(46.30±9.57), working memory(46.18±8.49)), and with statistically significant differences ( t=-3.73--2.03, P<0.05). The total CTQ score, emotional abuse, physical abuse, and physical neglect factor scores of the CHR group (40.0 (36.0, 50.8), 7.5 (6.0, 10.0), 5.0 (5.0, 7.0), 9.0 (7.0, 11.0)) were significantly higher than those of the healthy control group (34.0 (31.0, 40.0), 6.0 (5.0, 8.0), 5.0 (5.0, 6.0), 9.0 (6.0, 10.0) ) ( Z=-4.07--2.06, P<0.05). In the CHR group, the total score of childhood trauma and the score of physical abuse factors were negatively correlated with working memory ( r=-0.29, -0.28, P<0.05), and the total score of cognitive function, attention vigilance, and word learning were negatively correlated with physical neglect ( r=-0.28, -0.26, -0.31, P<0.05). After partial correlation analysis using gender, age, years of education, and total SIPS score as covariates, the aforementioned correlation remained significant. Conclusion:CHR individuals have multiple cognitive deficits, and childhood trauma is more serious. Childhood trauma, especially physical trauma, may affect the cognitive function of CHR individuals.

Comparation of resting brain regional homogeneity between patients with major depressive disorder and their healthy siblings / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore differences of resting brain regional homogeneity (ReHo) between patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and their siblings.Methods:From January to December 2013, the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of 87 patients with MDD and 21 healthy siblings were collected.DPABI v5.1 software was used to preprocess the resting-state fMRI data, and ReHo maps of each subject was obtained. A two-sample t-test was used to compare differences between the patients with MDD and their siblings in ReHo values throughout the brain. ReHo values within the significant brain regions were extracted out, and used to calculate Spearman correlation with the total score of 17-items Hamilton depression rating scale(HAMD-17) in the patients with MDD and their siblings respectively.The software of SPSS 20.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results:The patients with MDD exhibited lower ReHo values in the precuneus extending to the posterior cingulate cortex (PCu/PCC) compared with their siblings (cluster-size=126 voxel, cluster-level PFDR=0.033; MNI: x=-4, y=-58, z=38, t=4.30). ReHo values of the PCu/PCC in patient with MDD were positively correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms ( r=0.255, P=0.021). Conclusion:Compared with the siblings, local brain activity of the PCu/PCC in the patients with MDD was decreased, and related to the severity of depressive symptoms. It is helpful to further reveal the intrinsic neural mechanism of MDD.

Changes of microstructure of white matter and clinical high risk for psychosis / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

The research on clinical high-risk for psychosis is a hotspot in recent years, which is helpful to the early identification and early intervention of psychosis. White matter fibers are the important structural basis of complex information transmission function among brain regions. The existing literatures show that there are abnormal white matter microstructures in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis, which is related to their clinical symptoms and social function. Diffusion tensor imaging is the only non-invasive technique to study the microstructure of brain white matter. This paper reviews the existing evidences of microstructural abnormalities of white matter at clinical high-risk for psychosis by diffusion tensor imaging, in order to comprehensively analyze the potential neurobiomarkers in the early stage of the disease and the pathological evolution characteristics in the development of the disease.

Influence of gender and age on auditory startle reflex in healthy adults / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the influence of gender and age on auditory startle reflex in healthy adults.Methods A total of 150 healthy volunteers (92 males and 58 females) aged from 18 to 60 years were recruited for this study.A modified startle reflex paradigm was adopted.Furthermore,gender-age differences on startle magnitude,habituation,perceived spatial co-location induced prepulse inhibition (PSC-PPI) and perceived spatial separation-induced prepulse inhibition (PSS-PPI) in healthy volunteers were analyzed.Results ① There was no significant difference in amplitude and habituation of startie reflex between males and females (F=0.29,P=0.593;F=1.57,P=0.212).PSC-PPI and PSS-PPI were significantly higher in males (PSC-PPI:(34.68± 20.81) ％,PSS-PPI:(44.56 ± 23.19) ％) than those in females (PSC-PPI:(23.11±22.43)％,PSS-PPI:(35.21±25.09)％) (F=9.48,P=0.002;F=4.76,P=0.031).② There was a negative correlation between startle magnitude and age (r=-0.29,P＜0.01),however,no obvious correlations between age and PSC-PPI or PSS-PPI as well as habituation were observed.③Bivariate analysis of variance showed that no interaction between gender and age was found to the indexes of startle reflex(F=0.71-1.36,all P＞0.05).Conclusions There are differences for gender and age in the indexes of startle reflex.In detail,age chiefly influences startle magnitude,while gender mainly affects the prepulse inhibition.

Cognitive function in patients with early onset and adult onset schizophrenia / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the characteristics of cognitive function in patients with early onset and adult onset schizophrenia.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 546 patients with schizophrenia who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ) were selected.Among them, 62 cases were defined as early onset schizophrenia (EOS, age of onset＜18 years) and 175 patients were defined as adult onset schizophrenia (AOS, age of onset≥25 years).Patients underwent clinical assessments with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) and the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), and comprehensive neuropsychological assessments.Results:The EOS patients got lower scores in motor function-PEGDOM T score [ (26±12) vs. (30±11), P＜0.01], working memory-average T score of PASAT and WMSSP[ (34±12) vs. (38±10), P＜0.05]and executive function (inhibition) -Stroop T score [ (35±12) vs. (39±10), P＜0.05]than AOS patients.No differences were fund in processing speed, verbal memory and learning, visual memory and learning (Ps＞0.05) between the two groups.Conclusion:It suggests that the EOS patients have worse motor function, working memory and inhibition.

Update of studies about prepulse inhibition in psychiatric disorders / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Prepulse inhibition ( PPI) is the suppression of the startle reflex when the startling stim-ulus is preceded by a non-startling stimulus ( the prepulse) . It is an operational measurement of sensorimotor gating mechanism to help the brain adapt to the complex environment,which could be top-down modulated by attention and other higher cognitive processes. Deficits of PPI and the top-down modulation of PPI are closely related to psychiatric diseases. Research papers published from January 2001 to October 2016 related to PPI in psychiatric disorders were searched in the Chinese and English databases. Results showed that schizo-phrenic patients and their relatives showed deficits in baseline PPI as well as the attentional modulation of PPI,and more importantly,the attentional modulation of PPI rather than the baseline PPI was more related to the symptom severity. Patients with Tourette'' s syndrome showed PPI impairment,while patients with obsess-ive compulsive disorder had lower levels of PPI. PPI deficits in bipolar disorder patients were gender-depend-ent. Studying PPI and the top-down modulation of PPI could provide a basis to study the interaction of senso-ry processing and attention,and facilitate the researches of neural mechanism underlying the deficits of senso-ry gating. To establish advanced paradigms of PPI,new cognitive components could be introduced,such as at-tention,emotion,motor control,compulsivity and so on,thus improving the specificity of PPI test and promo-ting the PPI test as new biomarker and endophenotype in various psychiatric disorders.

Application of patient health questionnaire-9 in psychosomatic disease outpatients in a general hospital / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the feasibility of patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in a general hospital outpatients and analyze the risk factors of depressive syndromes.Methods Two hundred fifty-eight outpatients filled out PHQ-9 and the World Health Questionnaire Quality of Life Brief Questionnaire(WHOQOL-BREF) by themselves.Then they were evaluated by professionals with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17).Ninety-seven of them were further interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-Ⅳ Disorders(SCID) for the diagnosis of major depression which in order to analyze the validity of the PHQ-9.All patients were divided into the depressive group and non-depressive group according the score of PHQ-9,and then analyzed the risk factors of depression.Results ①The sensitivity of PHQ-9 was 98％,the specificity was 67％ and Kappa was 0.664.The total score of PHQ-9 was high correlated with the total score of HAMD,the coefficient was 0.75(P＜0.01).②The Univariate analysis showed that the depressive symptom was associated with age,monthly income,health status,the quality of life.Logistic regression analysis showed that age,health status,the quality of life were the main factors of depression.Conclusion PHQ-9 may svere as a screening tool to increase the recognition of depression and age,health status,the quality of life were the main factors of depression.

Expression and role of galanin in the hypothalamus of rat with the drug-induced hyperprolactinemia / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To study the expression and role of galanin in the hypothalamus of rat with the drug-induced hyperprolactinemia.Methods Hyperprolactinemia was induced by daily intraperitoneal injections 50 mg/kg sulpiride solution.The protein in the hypothalamus of rat was extracted to determine the expression levels of galanin with Western Blot.The expression and colocalization of galanin and dopamine in model and control group were observed with immunofluorescence.Results The model group showed a significant increase of serum prolactin (PRL) level and a significant decrease of serum estradiol (E2) level,as compared to the control group ((15.74±2.49) ng/ml vs (10.25±1.29) ng/ml and (4.24±0.69)pg/ml vs (9.56±3.25) pg/ml,respectively,P＜0.05).Both the expression level of galanin and the number of neurons coexisting with galanin and dopamine were decreased in the hypothalamus of the hyperprolactinemia rat compared with the control group.Western Blot revealed that,compared to the control group,the sulpiride model group had a significant increase of galanin but not TH (0.405±0.112 vs 0.985±0.158,P＜0.05 and 0.871 ± 0.046 vs 0.890±0.054,P＞ 0.05,respectively).Conclusion Galanin expression level has decrease in the hypothalamus of the hyperprolactinemia rat,which contributes to the reduction of dopaminergic neurons.

Effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism and environmental factors on antidepressant treatment / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism,environmental factor and their interactions on antidepressant treatment.Methods 340 patients of major depressive disorder (MDD) who met the diagnosis criteria of MDD ( DSM-Ⅳ Axis Ⅰ) were recruited.280 patients of them were finished 12 weeks antidepressant treatment.The severity of depression was measured with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) before and after 12 weeks antidepressant treatment.Childhood Trauma Questionnaire,28-item Short Form (CTQ-SF) and Life Events Scale (LES) were used to evaluate childhood adverse and life stress before onset.Genotyping of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism was detected by Illumina GoldenGate assays.Results Male patients proportion were significantly higher in non-remitters than remitters (P =0.008 ).After adjusting by gender, the frequencies of genotype and allele for the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism were no significant difference between remitters (AA: AG: GG = 28: 79: 40, A:G = 135:159 ) and non-remitters (AA: AG: GG = 29:81:23 ,A: G = 139:127 ) (P ＞0.05 ).There was no significant difference of CTQ scores and LES scores between the two groups (P＞0.05 ).The regression analysis showed that social intercourse problem and age were the risk factor for the severity of depression.The gender, HDRS baseline scores and mental disorder family history were associated with the efficacy of 12 weeks antidepressant.However,there was no significantly relationship between the interaction of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and environment with the antidepressant treatment.Conclusion The older men with the mental disorder family history, severe depression symptom would be less-response to antidepressant treatment.However, BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, childhood trauma, life events stress and the interaction of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and environment have no significantly effect on the 12 weeks antidepressant treatment.

Effect of antipsychotic drugs on life quality of schizophrenic patients: one year follow-up study / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the effect of 7 antipsychotic drugs on the life quality of schizophrenia patients including chlorpromazine, sulpiride, clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, and aripiprazole.@*METHODS@#A total of 1,227 stable schizophrenic patients within 5 years onset who took 1 of the 7 study medications as maintenance treatment were followed up for 1 year at 10 China sites. Patients were evaluated by the short form-36 health survey (SF-36) at the baseline and at the end of 1 year.@*RESULTS@#The life quality was improved obviously at the end of the follow-up. There was significant difference in body pain, vitality, and mental health (P<0.05) among these antipsychotic drugs.@*CONCLUSION@#All 7 antipsychotic drugs can improve the life quality of schizophrenia patients. Atypical antipsychotic drugs, especially olazapine and quetiapine, are superior to typical antipsychotic drugs in improving life quality.

Utilization of Psychotropic Drugs in Hospitalized Patients with Depression of Our Hospital in 2008 / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the drug treatment of hospitalized patients with depression in our hospital during 2008. METHODS: In cross section study, the medical records which in accordance with ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for depression disorders in our hospital during 2008 were retrieved, then the utilization of psychotropic drugs was analyzed and summarized. RESULTS: The utilization rate of new antidepressants including selective serotonin reuptake inhibiter (SSRI), selective serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibiter (SNRI), noradrenaline and specific serotonin antagon (NaSSA) reached 89.9%, among which sertraline accounted for the largest proportion (22.5%). New antidepressants combined with atypical antipsychotics took up a big proportion, particularly quetiapine (39.2%). CONCLUSION: New antidepressants become the mainstream drug in the treatment of depression. Drug combination occupies a big proportion, especially combining with atypical antipsychotics. The safety of drug combination need to be further explored.

Utilization of Antipsychotics in Psychiatric Inpatients in Our Hospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the utilization of antipsychotic drugs in hospitalized patients of our hospital to provide reference for rational use of drug. METHODS: The utilization of antipsychotic drugs in psychiatric inpatients in our hospital in Jul. 21th of 2008 was surveyed and analyzed. RESULTS: 734 patients were treated with antipsychotic drugs, involving 30 drug therapy schemes. 676 patients were only treated with one kind of drug (87.8%),among which the top 3 drugs in the list of utilization rate were risperidone (n=190, 24.7%), quetiapine (n=144, 18.7%) and olanzapine (n=123, 16.0%). Antipsychotic drugs were mostly combined with following drugs for mental disorder, such as antidepressant, mood stabilizers, benzodiazepine, sedative-hypnotic drugs, hypoglycemics and lipid regulators. CONCLUSION:The new atypical antipsychotic drugs have replaced traditional antipsychotic drugs and took up dominant position in the clinical treatment with single category.