Screening of anti-SARS-CoV-2 ligands from Chinese herbs based on a dual-target surface plasmon resonance biosensor / 药学学报

The epidemic of COVID-19 has brought great challenges to the global public health prevention and control system combined with clinical diagnosis and treatment system, and it makes the development of effective antiviral drugs an important task in current pharmaceutical research. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played an important role in the prevention and control of COVID-19. Due to its numerous chemical components and various structural types, TCM becomes a natural library for searching for lead compounds against SARS-CoV-2. In this study, a novel dual-target surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor was developed for S protein receptor binding domain (SRBD) and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which are two key proteins in the process of SARS-CoV-2 invading cells according to characteristics of synergistic effects of multiple components and comprehensive regulation of multiple targets of TCM. The SPR biosensor was applied to screen and identify active components from six TCMs, and daidzin from Puerariae Lobatae Radix was identified to bind with SRBD and ACE2. The affinity constant (KD) of daidzin and ACE2 was 5.18 μmol·L-1 through the SPR affinity assay. Competitive ELISA assay showed that daidzin could inhibit the binding of SRBD and ACE2, and the inhibition rate of daidzin (20 μmol·L-1) was 38.6%. Molecular docking experiments further confirmed that daidzin had the best binding near the binding region of SRBD-ACE2 complex. This study shows that the dual-target SPR screening system is accurate and efficient, and is particularly suitable for screening of complex drug systems and effective substances study of TCM. It provides a material basis for exploring the mechanism of TCM active constituents against SARS-CoV-2, and provides a source of lead compounds for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.

Identification of constituents in vitro and blood-absorbed ingredients of protective effect on acute liver injury from Yin Chen Hao decoction based on UPLC-QTOF/MS / 药学学报

To identify the active constituents in vitro and blood-absorbed ingredients in vivo from Yin Chen Hao decoction provides scientific evidence for probing its prevention and treatment mechanism on acute liver injury. An ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) method was applied for analysis of Yin Chen Hao decoction and the serum samples of mice with con-A induced acute liver injury after preventive oral administration for 14 days (the use of all laboratory animals in this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Naval Medical University, 19YF1459400). A total of 90 chemical constituents were identified from Yin Chen Hao decoction, mainly were flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, quinones. 5 prototype compounds were identified in the serum, including chrysophanol, deoxyrhapontin-8-O-gallate, mussaenosidic acid, herniarin, emodin. The established UPLC-QTOF/MS method could efficiently and sensitively identify the constituents in vitro and blood-absorbed ingredients of Yin Chen Hao decoction, primarily clarify the material basis of its hepatoprotective effect, and provided a scientific basis for the quality marker selection and the pharmacodynamic material basis research on the decoction.

Early identification and influencing factors of post-traumatic stress disorder in high-stress rescue workers / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To explore the risk intensity and related influencing factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among high-stress rescue workers, and to provide effective tools for the risk assessment of PTSD in military rescue workers. Method: From June to August 2022, cluster sampling was used to select the high-stress rescue personnel of an Army department as the survey subjects. The acute Stress reaction (ASD) scale and PTSD checklist were used to evaluate the risk of PTSD in military rescue personnel. Multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of PTSD. Results: The age of 4 460 subjects was (24.38±4.072) years old, including 4 396 males (98.6%). The positive rate of initial screening for ASD was 2.85% (127/4 460). The positive rate of PTSD was 0.67% (30/4 460). Multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that female, older age, recent trauma exposure history, passive smoking and alcohol consumption were at higher risk of ASD, the values of OR (95%CI) were 4.183 (1.819-9.618), 6.278 (1.363-28.912), 3.094 (1.500-6.379), 2.059 (1.298-3.267) and 2.607 (1.614-4.211), respectively; Lower education level was associated with lower risk of ASD, OR (95%CI) was 0.593 (0.359-0.978); People who are older, thinner, have a history of mental illness, and drink alcohol were at higher risk for PTSD, the values of OR (95%CI) were 20.144 (2.459-165.043), 10.287 (2.218-47.700), 91.104 (8.592-965.980) and 2.866 (1.144-7.180), respectively. Conclusion: Gender, age, education level, passive smoking, alcohol consumption, past history of mental illness and body mass index may be related to the potential risk of PTSD in rescue workers,passive smoking, alcohol consumption, and weight controlling should be focused on to reduce potential risks of PTSD.

Comparison of the predictive value of Padua and the IMPEDE assessment scores for venous thromboembolism in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: A single institution experience / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To compare the predictive efficacy of the two thrombosis risk assessment scores (Padua and IMPEDE scores) in venous thromboembolism (VTE) within 6 months in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) in China. Methods: This study reviewed the clinical data of 421 patients with NDMM hospitalized in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from April 2014 to February 2022. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and Youden index of the two scores were calculated to quantify the thrombus risk assessment of VTE by the Padua and IMPEDE scores. The receiver operating characteristics curves of the two evaluation scores were drawn. Results: The incidence of VTE was 14.73%. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and Youden index of the Padua score were 100%, 0%, 14.7%, and 0% and that of the IMPEDE score was 79%, 44%, 49.2%, and 23%, respectively. The areas under the curve of Padua and IMPEDE risk assessment scores were 0.591 and 0.722, respectively. Conclusion: IMPEDE score is suitable for predicting VTE within 6 months in patients with NDMM.

Discovery of alkaloids from the leaves of Isatis indigotica Fortune with neuroprotective activity / 中国天然药物

Seven alkaloids including five undescribed ones (1a/1b, 2, 3 and 5) were obtained from the leaves of Isatis indigotica Fortune. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configurations of compounds 1a, 1b, 3 and 5 were determined by comparison of the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Subsequently, the neuroprotective effects of all the isolates against H

Daphnane-type diterpenes from genus Daphne and their anti-tumor activity / 中草药·英文版

Daphnane-type diterpenenoids are the major biologically active constituents in the genus Daphne. We find that there are about 101 Daphnane-type diterpenes in this genus, most of those compounds show different degrees of inhibitory effect on various cancer cell. Some of them have been studied in depth and the potent molecular mechanisms might be associated with modulation of different cell-signaling pathways. In addition, some compounds of this type also can inhibit the synthesis of protein and DNA. Absolutely, the anti-tumor activity of Daphnane-type diterpenes is worthy of attention. Unfortunately, most of the current research on the activity of these compounds is focused on simple drug efficacy, and its in-depth mechanism research is far from enough. On the other point of view, there still exists wide growing space on the depth of these compounds.

Study on the source of human infection with H9N2 influenza virus from live poultry markets in Changsha / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To explore the source of human infection H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV). Methods Environmental AIV nucleic acid monitoring was conducted for live poultry markets in Changsha city from 2014 to 2015, and data of human infection H9N2 subtype AIV cases worldwide were collected. Phylogenetic trees of hemagglutinin(HA), neuraminidase(NA)and non-structural protein(NS)genes from human infection H9N2 subtype AIV, the live poultry markets environmental H9N2 subtype AIV and partial avian H9N2 subtype AIV were constructed using the MEGA 6.06 software, respectively. Results In 2014-2015, H9 subtype AIV had the highest nucleic acid positive rate (44.76%) in the live poultry markets environment of Changsha city, and the pollution was serious. A total of 27 cases of human infection with H9N2 subtype AIV had been reported worldwide, and most of these patients recovered after treatments.Epidemiological survey showed that 59.26% (16/27) of cases had a clear history of exposure to poultry or live poultry markets. The phylogenetic trees of HA, NA and NS genes showed that the human infection H9N2 subtype AIV isolates isolated from Hunan and Guangdong were closely related to the H9N2 subtype AIV isolated from the live poultry markets environment in Hunan and Guangdong provinces from 2013 to 2016. The nucleotide similarity was as high as 97%-99%. Conclusion Live poultry market is one of the sources of human infection with H9N2 influenza virus.

Effect of SOX7 promoter methylation on proliferation and apoptosis of bladder cancer / 医学研究生学报

Objective　The SOX7 gene plays a tumor-suppressive role in a variety of tumors, but there are few reports on whether it plays a role in bladder cancer. This study aims to investigate the expression of SOX7 gene in bladder cancer as well as to investigate the regulation and significance of SOX7 promoter methylation on bladder cancer.　Methods　GEPIA, Oncomine, MethHC, and cBioPortal databases were used to speculate the SOX7 expression and promoter methylation in bladder cancer tissues. 40 urine samples were collected from January 2017 to October 2017 in the Department of Urology, Tenth People's Hospital of Shanghai City, including 20 samples from bladder cancer patients and the rest 20 from regular patients as a control group. The methylation difference of SOX7 gene was detected by methylation-specific PCR. The bladder cancer cell line was cultured. The medium containing the methylated drug 5-aza-2’ deoxycytidine (5-aza-dc) was added to the Taza cells as the 5-aza-dc group, while T24 cells were added the same volume of DMSO as the control group. The bladder cancer cell line was transfected with the SOX7 plasmid as the plasmid group, and the transfected with the unloaded plasmid was the empty group. Western blot was used to detect the expression of SOX7 in bladder cancer cell lines, and the proliferation, clone formation, and apoptosis of bladder cancer cells after demethylation were detected by CCK-8 experiments, plate cloning experiments, and flow cytometry, respectively.　Results　The level of methylation in bladder cancer was significantly higher than that in healthy tissues (P<0.005). The higher levels of SOX7 methylation were observed in the urine of 15 bladder cancer patients (75%), compared with only 7 patients (35%) in normal urine, and the proportion was statistically different (P<0.05). The expression of SOX7 protein in the 5-aza-dc group was up-regulated compared to the control group. The expression of SOX7 protein was relatively high when the concentration reached 20 μmol/L. The expression of SOX7 protein in the plasmid group was significantly higher than that in the unloaded group. CCK-8 results showed that the A value of the 5-aza-dc group was statistically lower than that of the control group on the fifth day (P<0.05), and the A value of T24 cells in the plasmid group was significantly lower than that in the unloaded group. The colony formation experiment showed that the number of colony formation per well in the 5-aza-dc group (167.33 ± 13.65) was significantly lower than that in the control group (328.00 ± 20.81) (P<0.05). The number of clone formation per well in the plasmid group (136.00 ± 15.00) was significantly lower than that in the unloaded group (280.67 ± 13.43) (P<0.05). The apoptosis rate of T24 cells in the 5-aza-dc group (27.89%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (3.79%) (P<0.05), and the apoptosis rate of the plasmid group (21.28%) was higher than that of the no-load group (9.90%).　Conclusion　SOX7 is lowly expressed in bladder cancer, which is regulated by promoter methylation. It is a potential biological marker of bladder cancer and plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of bladder cancer.

Lumboperitoneal shunts for the treatment of post-traumatic hydrocephalus

Objective: To assess the effectiveness and safety of lumboperitoneal shunt for treatment of post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH). Methods: A retrospective analysis of medical records of patients with lumboperitoneal shunts admitted in Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital from January 2014 to March 2017 was done. Experience with lumboperitoneal shunt placement for PTH was reviewed. The diagnosis of PTH was based on ventricular enlargement with the Evans' index (EI>0.3) before shunt implantation. Patients were evaluated for improvements in Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), and EI after shunt placement. Results: Totally, the study included 34 PTH patients with the average age of 49.32 years (range: 9-67 years). The average follow-up period was (3.9±3.5) months. Before lumboperitoneal shunt, the GOS score was (4±1), the GCS score was (8.53±3.38), and the EI score was (0.40±0.08). After shunt implantation, the GOS score was (3±1), the GCS score was (10.29±3.15), and the EI score was (0.34±0.13), respectively (P2 and 8 patients GCS improvement=1), 21 (61.76%) patients had EI improvement (18 patients with EI<0.3). There was no complication in this study. Conclusion: Lumboperitoneal shunt placement is safe and effective for PTH, and serious complications are not observed.

Diagnostic and epidemiological features of the first two HIV-2 indigenous infections in Hunan province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the diagnostic and epidemiological features of the first two HIV-2 indigenous cases in Hunan province.Methods Blood samples from two individuals with "HIV antibody indeterminate" and HIV-2 specific band showed by HIV-1/2 western blotting method,were repeatedly collected and detected under HIV 1 + 2 strip immunoassay and PCR,in Changsha city,Hunan province,through March to November,2017.An epidemiological survey was carried out at the same time.Results Our findings showed that the two cases were sex partners,without histories of sexual contact with foreigners and the source of infection was unknown.Results from the HIV 1 + 2 antibody confirmation test showed that they were "HIV-2 antibody positive".Through amplifying and sequencing the gag area of HIV-2 and BLAST,the similarity of HIV-2 strains presented as 98％.The results also showed that there were HIV-2 specific fragments in the two cases.Conclusion HIV-2 indigenous cases had never been reported in China.These cases had brought new challenge on prevention,diagnosis and treatment of HIV/AIDS in China.

Diagnostic and epidemiological features of the first two HIV-2 indigenous infections in Hunan province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the diagnostic and epidemiological features of the first two HIV-2 indigenous cases in Hunan province.Methods Blood samples from two individuals with "HIV antibody indeterminate" and HIV-2 specific band showed by HIV-1/2 western blotting method,were repeatedly collected and detected under HIV 1 + 2 strip immunoassay and PCR,in Changsha city,Hunan province,through March to November,2017.An epidemiological survey was carried out at the same time.Results Our findings showed that the two cases were sex partners,without histories of sexual contact with foreigners and the source of infection was unknown.Results from the HIV 1 + 2 antibody confirmation test showed that they were "HIV-2 antibody positive".Through amplifying and sequencing the gag area of HIV-2 and BLAST,the similarity of HIV-2 strains presented as 98％.The results also showed that there were HIV-2 specific fragments in the two cases.Conclusion HIV-2 indigenous cases had never been reported in China.These cases had brought new challenge on prevention,diagnosis and treatment of HIV/AIDS in China.

Lumboperitoneal shunts for the treatment of post-traumatic hydrocephalus

Objective:To assess the effectiveness and safety of lumboperitoneal shunt for treatment of post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH).Methods:A retrospective analysis of medical records of patients with lumboperitoneal shunts admitted in Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital from January 2014 to March 2017 was done. Experience with lumboperitoneal shunt placement for PTH was reviewed. The diagnosis of PTH was based on ventricular enlargement with the Evans’ index (EI>0.3) before shunt implantation. Patients were evaluated for improvements in Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), and EI after shunt placement.Results:Totally, the study included 34 PTH patients with the average age of 49.32 years (range: 9-67 years). The average follow-up period was (3.9±3.5) months. Before lumboperitoneal shunt, the GOS score was (4±1), the GCS score was (8.53±3.38), and the EI score was (0.40±0.08). After shunt implantation, the GOS score was (3±1), the GCS score was (10.29±3.15), and the EI score was (0.34±0.13), respectively (P2 and 8 patients GCS improvement=1), 21 (61.76%) patients had EI improvement (18 patients with EI<0.3). There was no complication in this study.Conclusion:Lumboperitoneal shunt placement is safe and effective for PTH, and serious complications are not observed.

Evolution of the HA, NA and NS genes of H5N1 avian influenza viruses from sewage in live bird markets in Changsha, 2014 / 中国人兽共患病学报

The aim of this study is to analyze the evolutional and molecular characteristics of Hemagglutinin (HA),Neuraminidase(NA)and non-structural (NS) genes of H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) from sewage in live bird markets (LBMs) in Changsha,2014.Five hundred and one specimens were collected from environment in LBMs in Changsha,2014,and real-time RT-PCR was used for influenza A typing and subtyping (H5,H7 and H9) detection.Sequencing were used for the positive of single H5.The sequence homology of HA,NA and NS genes of the viruses were analyzed with the online Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST).The phylogenetic trees for HA,NA and NS genes and the ClustalW Multiple alignments of amino acids were constructed using MEGA 5 and BioEdit software,respectively.Results showed that of 501 environmental samples,177 (35.33 ％) samples were positive for influenza A viruses and H5 subtype.Eight H5N1 subtype AIV were confirmed by sequencing from the samples of the positive of single H5.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that most of HA genes of the H5N1 subtype AIV strains isolated in Changsha city were located in 2.3.2 and clustered into new subclade,and the most of NA and NS genes in this study were clustered into subclade 2.3.2.1b.QSG of the HA protein of the receptor binding site were found in these H5N1 viruses,and the characteristics was shown to be associated with increased affinity of HA to the glycan-receptors of AIV.In strains from this study,we did not found amino acid substitutions of the NA protein at H275Y and N295S,and sensitive to neuraminidases,and the high pathogenicity molecular characteristics of HA,NA and NS genes were showed in these viruses.In conclusion,molecular characteristics of the HA,NA and NS of these H5N1 subtype viruses in this study showed high pathogenicity,but that may not facilitate human infection.So,the prevalence and genetic evolution of this virus should be closely monitored.

Kelisha Capsules inhibit acetic acid colitis in rats / 中成药

AIM To observe the effects of Kelisha Capsules (Angelicae dahuricae Radix,Atractylodis Rhizoma,Acori tatarinowii Rhizoma,etc.) on rats with acetic acid colitis.METHODS Seventy rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Montmorillonite Powder group,sulfasalazine (SASP) group,low-,medium-and high-dose of Kelisha Capsules groups.Except for the normal group,10％ acetic acid solution was injected into the anus of rats in another six groups to establish model for ulcerative colitis.After administration for fourteen days,general conditions and status of feces were observed,the levels of serum IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α and EGF were measured on the 1 st,10th,14th days by ELISA.After the 15th day,the injury to colon mucosa of rats was observed,and damage indexes were evaluated.RESULTS Compared with the model group,the inflammatory condition of colon mucosa in the Kelisha Capsules groups was improved,which was less obvious than that in the SASP group.Compared with the SASP group,the levels of serum IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-oα in the Kelisha Capsules groups were increased on the 10th,14th days,and the difference between the low-dose group and the SASP group had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the Montmorillonite Powder group,the level of serum EGF in the Kelisha Capsules groups was decreased on the 10th,14th days,which was higher than that in the SASP group,and the difference between the high-dose group and the SASP group had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION The effect of Kelisha Capsules on rats with acetic acid colitis is better than that of Montmorillonite Powder,but is not as effective as that of SASP.

Evaluation of high-resolution esophageal manometry in patients with peroral endoscopic myotomy / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To observe the changes of esophageal pressure in patients with achalasia (AC) before and after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), and to explore the value of high-resolution manometry (HRM) in evaluating the efficacy of POEM. Methods 38 cases were diagnosed as achalasia and treated with POEM from August 2015 to November 2016. Upper esophageal sphincter resting pressure (UESP), lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure (LESP), esophageal sphincter 4s integrated relaxation pressure (4sIRP) were detected by HRM before operation, at 1 week, 1 month after operation to evaluate the efficacy. Results A total of 38 patients with AC received POEM. At one week, one month after operation, the UESP were (45.34 ± 26.52) mmHg, (41.27 ± 20.09) mmHg, compared with that of before operation (49.58 ± 26.47) mmHg and the differences were not statistically significant. The differences in LESP, 4sIRP between before operation and at one week, one month after operation were statistically significant, P < 0.05. The differences in UESP, LESP and 4sIRP between 1 week and 1 month after operation were not statistically significant. Conclusion The pressure of lower esophageal sphincter was significantly reduced and the dysphagia was improved. HRM might play an important role in the assessment of AC received POEM.

Kelisha Capsules inhibit acetic acid colitis in rats / 中成药

AIM To observe the effects of Kelisha Capsules (Angelicae dahuricae Radix,Atractylodis Rhizoma,Acori tatarinowii Rhizoma,etc.) on rats with acetic acid colitis.METHODS Seventy rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Montmorillonite Powder group,sulfasalazine (SASP) group,low-,medium-and high-dose of Kelisha Capsules groups.Except for the normal group,10％ acetic acid solution was injected into the anus of rats in another six groups to establish model for ulcerative colitis.After administration for fourteen days,general conditions and status of feces were observed,the levels of serum IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α and EGF were measured on the 1 st,10th,14th days by ELISA.After the 15th day,the injury to colon mucosa of rats was observed,and damage indexes were evaluated.RESULTS Compared with the model group,the inflammatory condition of colon mucosa in the Kelisha Capsules groups was improved,which was less obvious than that in the SASP group.Compared with the SASP group,the levels of serum IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-oα in the Kelisha Capsules groups were increased on the 10th,14th days,and the difference between the low-dose group and the SASP group had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the Montmorillonite Powder group,the level of serum EGF in the Kelisha Capsules groups was decreased on the 10th,14th days,which was higher than that in the SASP group,and the difference between the high-dose group and the SASP group had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION The effect of Kelisha Capsules on rats with acetic acid colitis is better than that of Montmorillonite Powder,but is not as effective as that of SASP.

Evaluation of high-resolution esophageal manometry in patients with peroral endoscopic myotomy / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To observe the changes of esophageal pressure in patients with achalasia (AC) before and after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), and to explore the value of high-resolution manometry (HRM) in evaluating the efficacy of POEM. Methods 38 cases were diagnosed as achalasia and treated with POEM from August 2015 to November 2016. Upper esophageal sphincter resting pressure (UESP), lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure (LESP), esophageal sphincter 4s integrated relaxation pressure (4sIRP) were detected by HRM before operation, at 1 week, 1 month after operation to evaluate the efficacy. Results A total of 38 patients with AC received POEM. At one week, one month after operation, the UESP were (45.34 ± 26.52) mmHg, (41.27 ± 20.09) mmHg, compared with that of before operation (49.58 ± 26.47) mmHg and the differences were not statistically significant. The differences in LESP, 4sIRP between before operation and at one week, one month after operation were statistically significant, P < 0.05. The differences in UESP, LESP and 4sIRP between 1 week and 1 month after operation were not statistically significant. Conclusion The pressure of lower esophageal sphincter was significantly reduced and the dysphagia was improved. HRM might play an important role in the assessment of AC received POEM.

Molecular epidemiological characteristics of avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses from environment in poultry markets in Changsha, China, 2014 / 中国人兽共患病学报

We analyzed the evolutional and molecular characteristics of Hemagglutinin(HA),Neuraminidase(NA) and nonstructural(NS) genes of avian influenza A(H9n2) viruses from environment in poultry markets in Changsha,China,2014,providing laboratory data for prevention and control of human infection with avian influenza A(H9N2) virus.Five hundred and one specimens (263 poultry drinking water specimens,226 poultry sewage specimens and 17 others specimens) were collected from environment in poultry markets in Changsha,2014,and real-time RTPCR was used for influenza A typing and subtyping (H5,H7 and H9) detection.HA and NA universal primer sets for conventional RT-PCR and sequencing were used for the positivity of single H9.The sequence homology of HA,NA and NS genes of the viruses were analyzed with the online Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST).The ClustalW multiple alignments of amino acids and the phylogenetic trees for HA,NA and NS genes were constructed using the BioEdit and MEGA 5 software,respectively.Results showed that among 501 environmental samples,350 samples were positive for influenza A virus,191 (38.12％) for H9 subtype,177 (35.33％) for H5 subtype,11 (2.20％) for H7 subtype and 68 (13.57％) for H5 and H9 subtypes co-detection.Twenty-three H9N2 subtype AIV were confirmed by conventional RT-PCR and sequencing from the samples of the positivity of single H9.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of HA,NA and NS genes of the H9N2 subtype AIV isolated in Changsha City had gene constellations of genotype S,and these virues might have acquired their HA,NA and NS from A/Chicken/Shanghai/F/1998-like (H9N2).L235 (correspond to H3 numbering 226) of the HA protein of the receptor binding site (RBS) were found in these H9N2 viruses,and the characteristics was shown to be associated with increased affinity of HA to the glycan-receptors of human influenza virus,and the low pathogenicity molecular characteristics of HA,NA and NS genes were showed in these viruses.The positive rate of nucleic acid of the H9 subtype of avian influenza virus from environment was the highest in poultry markets in Changsha,2014,and molecular characteristics of the HA,NA and NS of these H9N2 subtype AIV showed low pathogenicity,but that may facilitate human infection.So,the prevalence and genetic evolution of this virus should be closely monitored.

Long-term exposure to PM2.5 from automobile exhaust results in reproductive dysfunction in male rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of long-term exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) from automobile exhaust on the reproductive function of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-five male SD rats, weighing 80 - 94 g and aged 28 days, were randomly assigned to receive intra-tracheal administration of 0.9% normal saline (control group, n = 15), PM2. 5 at 2 μg per 100 g body weight per day (low-dose PM2.5 group, n = 15), and PM2.5 at 16 μg per 100 g body weight per day (high-dose PM2.5 group, n = 15), qd, for 60 successive days. After the last 24-hour exposure, 10 rats were taken from each group for copulation with normal female ones, while the others were sacrificed, their testes removed for sperm count and deformity, pathological examination, and determination of the Connexin43 expression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The conception rate was significantly decreased in the low- and high-dose PM2.5 groups as compared with that of the control (70% and 50% vs 100%), and so were the sperm count and quality. The rats in the PM2.5-exposed groups showed significantly disordered histological structure of the seminiferous tubules, reduced sperm count in the testicular lumen, some exfoliated secondary spermatocytes, downregulated Connexin43 expression in the testis, and damaged blood-testis barrier.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Long-term exposure to PM2.5 from automobile exhaust damages the reproductive function of male SD rats.</p>

Surgical options for delayed osteoporotic vertebral collapse / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the surgical options and clinical effects of delayed osteoporotic vertebral collapse.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From May 2010 to October 2014, 19 patients (20 vertebrae) with delayed osteoporotic vertebral collapse(Kümmell's disease) were enrolled in this study. There were 7 males and 12 females, aged from 65 to 87 years old with a mean of (73.5±5.62) years. According to Li staging system of Kümmell's disease, 3 cases were stage II, 13 cases (14 vertebrae) were stage III without spinal cord injury, 3 cases were stage III with spinal cord injury. Patients were respectively treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP) or percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP) on the basis of the degree of postural reduction during operation. Injected cement volume, cement leakage, vertebral height restoration and local kyphotic reduction were observed. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) were respectively used to assess the pain and function before and after operation. Frankel grade were used to evaluate neurological status.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seven vertebrae with satisfactory postural reduction were treated with PVP, 13 vertebrae with unsatisfactory postural reduction were treated with PKP, 3 patients with spinal cord injury were treated with decompression and posterior short segment fixation at the same time. All patients were followed up from 10 to 48 months with an average of 21.2 months. Cement leakage occurred in 4 cases with no symptom, 1 cases in PVP group and 3 cases in PKP group, there was no significant difference between two groups(=0.561). The priming volume of cement was (6.40±0.94) ml in PVP group and (5.46±1.09) ml in PKP group (>0.05). Three days after operation vs preoperation, the vertebral height restoration and kyphotic improvement was(31.71±11.35)%, (9.79±4.64)° in PVP group and (24.77±8.51)%, (8.15±2.97)° in PKP. There was no significant difference between two groups(>0.05). Three days after operation, VAS of low back pain and ODI in all patients were improved than preoperative data(<0.05), but there was no significant difference between two groups or between postoperative at 3 d and final follow up(>0.05). Nerve function of 3 patients underwent decompression and fixation from Frankel D to E.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>According to Li staging system and the degree of introperative postural reduction, individualized surgical treatment for Kümmell's disease can obtain good clinical results. Bad postural reduction during operation maybe a risk factor of cement leakage.</p>