Effect of atorvastatin [ATOR] on the cardiac muscle fibres in hyperlipidemic adult male albino rats [structural and biochemical study]

Atorvastatin [ATOR] used as a cholesterol-lowering drug. Ator is one of statins widely used, commercially available and increasingly used day by day. Few studies and limited data were existed on atorvastatin induced histological and ultrastructural changes in the cardiac muscle fibres. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential toxicity of the human equivalent therapeutic doses of Atorvastatin on cardiac muscle fibres in induced hyperlipidemic adult male albino rats. Thirty adult male albino rats were used in this study, the rats used weighing [150 +/- 10] gm. Rats were divided into groups, Group one [5 rats], served as the control group [C] .Other twenty five rats were subjected to high fat diet [25% fat and 2% cholesterol] for 3 weeks and then they subdivided into three groups. Group two [five rats] was considered as a hyperlipidemic group [H].Group three, treated group one [T1] [ten rats] received atorvastatin[Ator 20mg] [1.5 mg / day / rat]for three weeks, by the end the third week five rats were sacrificed and other five rats were considered as the recovery group one [R1], they received normal diet only for another three weeks. Group four, treated group two [T2] [ten rats] received Atorvastatin [Ator 20mg] [1.5 mg / day / rat]for other six weeks, by the end of the 6[th] week five rats were sacrificed and other five rats were considered as the recovery group two [R2], they received only normal diet for another six weeks. At the end of each step of the experiment, rats were sacrificed and specimens of cardiac muscle fibres prepared by different methods for light and electron microscopic studies. Also blood sampling was obtained forthebiochemical study. The histological data obtained from the different groups showed many changes, in hyperlipidemic group [H] indistinct and distorted

striation and separation of cardiac muscle fibres, vesicular nuclei, presence of myofibroblasts with congested and dilated blood vessels, loss of some nuclei and condensation of nuclear chromatin with normal mitochondria were detected. Treated group one [T1] showed that cardiac muscle fibres restored their striation with separated and splitted myofibres and pyknotic nuclei, increased myofibrobasts ,lymphocytic infiltration ,congested blood vessels and mitochondrial vacuolation with disorganization of their cristae. In treated group two [T2] patchy loss of striation was observed with splitted cardiac muscle fibres ,pyknotic nuclei of cardiomyocytes, margination of nuclear chromatin ,congested blood vessels, lymphocytic infiltration, swelling of mitochondria with disorganization of their cristae. In recovery group one [R1] cardiac muscle fibres restored their striation. In recovery group two [R2] cardiac muscle fibres restored their normal architecture. The statistically evaluated data showed a significant difference in parentage of collagen and optical density of PAS + ve materials in the different groups when compared to the control group specially in T2.The laboratory evaluated data showedsignificant increase inlevels of cholesterol [C], triglycerides [TG], low density lipoprotein- cholesterol [LDL-C], Very low density lipoprotein [vLDL], Atherogenic index[AI] and decrease in high density lipoprotein- cholesterol [HDL-C] between the control and the hyperlipidemic group. Administration of ATOR to the treated groups induce significant decrease inlevels of C, TG, LDL-C, [vLDL], [AI] and increase of HDL-C when compared with the hyperlipidemic group .Also there were significant decreasein levels of C, TG, LDL-C and increase of HDL-Cin recovery groups when compared with the hyperlipidemic group. Administration of ATOR for long time led to adverse degenerative effects on structure of the cardiac muscle fibres, although it has a potent lowering effect on lipid profile in hyperlipidemia

Corneal abscesses under contact lens

It's represents a severe complication that could lead to vision lost. They are caused by a bad hygiene, a permanent wear of contact lenses and a contamination of boxes. We report a retrospective study of 10 years from January 2003 to december 2013, of patients seen in our hospital for severe corneal abcesses under contact lens. These patients have undergone the same treatement: an initial clinical exam with the assessement of visual acuity, slit lamp exam in order to analyse the corneal infection [superficiel or stromal corneal infection], conjunctival samples or samples within the abcesses, associated to bacterial exam, antibiotherapy in local or general administration, adapted after to bacteriologic results. Corneal abscess represent the major risk wearing contact lenses. Infectious complications have been reported frequently in patients with contact lenses in several series. The corneal abscess is a dramatic complication among patients with contact lenses. A good support is based primarily on early diagnosis and quality of the first treatment

chronicles dacrocystisis in child

Introduction Chronic dacryocystitis in child is responsible for a significant functional gene by epiphora and may cause complications. The purpose of this study was to report our experience of management of this type of condition. Retrospective study of 33 children aged 08-16 years collected in our department between 2003 and 2008. All patients underwent a survey, the recommended treatment is the establishment of a single probe or bicanaliculo-nasal dacryocysto rhinostomy. Functional signs are watery found in 27 cases, acute dacryocystitis in 9 cases. 20% of our patients received medical treatment associated with a survey cannula Bowman. Chronic dacryocystitis in children is most often secondary to an unknown defect lacrimal. 6% of children are born before their permeabialisation total naso-lacrimal duct obstruction by the membrane Hesner which opens at the age of 1 year in 90% of cases C Tearing in the child is a common symptom. Early detection through awareness of parents, GPs and paediatricians

Recurrent primary mucinous carcinoma of the two left eyelids

The proliferative center of Aschoff, better known as radial scar, resembles carcinoma mammographically and histologically. It is a begnin conMucinous carcinoma of the eyelid is a rare tumor that usually occurs in the periorbital region. We propose a case of tumor affecting both eyelids on the same side. 55 year old man with swelling of the entire left lower eyelid, and a second swelling of the outer third of the upper eyelid evolving for over 5 years and has recurred after several incomplete excisions previously performed. A biopsy was performed with a result of mucinous carcinoma, The staging [CT orbitocerebrale, abdominal ultrasound, cervical ultrasound] did not reveal any other sites ormetastasis of the tumor. The patient was operated on in our department with complete resection of both tumors eyelid donating extemporaneous examinations obedient standards cancer surgery with rotation flaps and sliding. Primitive recurrent mucinous carcinoma of the eyelid is a rare malignancy tumor affecting the patients on their sixties. Clinically, it is in the form of an irregular nodular lesion on the eyelid, painless, with slow development, unaggressive. The evolution is characterized by frequent recurrences, sometimes late. Its diagnosis is histological. Treatment consists of complete excision of the tumor. Although it has a low metastatic potential, it has a high rate of recurrence

Oculaire toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis is the leading cause of posterior uveitis in immunocompetent patients. Our series includes 15 cases of ocular toxoplasmosis collected in the [B] ophthalmology department over the last 5 years. The mean age was 26 years. Male involvement is predominant. Lesions are mostly chorioretinal. Scarringare found in 60% of cases. Generally clinical appearance is typical, but sometimes the diagnosis can only be obtained by biology based on the detection of a local production of toxoplasmosis antibodies. Through this study, the authors emphasize the interest of the ophthalrnoscopic appearance in the diagnosis of this condition. Treatment is based on the combination pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine

Can stapler haemorrhoidectomy replace conventional open haemorrhoidectomy at present in Egypt

Postoperative pain associated with conventional open haemorrhoidectomy remains problematic. Stapler haemorrhoidectomy as a new technique with its advantages over conventional open haemorrhoidectomy in terms of operating time, postoperative pain and hospital stay, can replace it

possible role of mycobacterium bovis in extra pulmonary tuberculosis: an oxyR allel-specific PCR based mycobacterial species differentiation

To evaluate the possible role of bovine tubercle bacillus in extrapulmonary tuberculosis, 100 patients with extrapulmonary disease using a new method for bacilli differentiation [the oxyR allele- specific PCR] were studied. Sixty-eight of them were from rural and sub-rural areas and 32 were from urban areas. Also, 21% of them were workers, 14% were farmers, 22% have no job, 14% housewives, 6% children, 3% engineers, 9% students and 8% butchers. Patients who gave positive culture for mycobacteria [46 patients] were subjected to oxyR allele-specific PCR assay to differentiate the type of bacilli. The study concluded that the absence of bovine bacilli in all patients is an evidence of a control of bovine tuberculosis in Egypt. OxyR allele-specific PCR is an invaluable, rapid and accurate test for bacilli differentiation

study on the effect of calcitonin administration on hypophyseal - testicular axis in rats

The present study was designated to clarify the effect of calcitonin [CT] on the hypophysial testicular axis. A total number of forty adult male albino rats were used and they were classified into three main groups. The first group [control group] consisted of 10 adult male albino rats, which were injected intramuscularly with saline allover the period of experiment. The second group: [sCT-, administered group] consisted of 10 adult male albino rats, which were injected with sCT intramuscularly on alternative days, in a dose of 10 U/kg body weight/days for 4 weeks at 10 AM. However the third group [orchidectomized group consisted of 20 adult male rats. This third group was subdivided into two equal groups: Orchidectomized control group which was injected intramuscularly with saline, two weeks after the operation, for four weeks and Orchidectomized CT-administered group which were injected intramuscularly with sCT, two weeks after the operation, on alternative days in a dose of 10 U/kg body weight day for 4 week at 10 AM. The plasma levels of FSH, LH and testosterone were estimated [by radioimmunoassay] and the Ca[2+] plasma levels were estimated [by Clorometric method] for all groups. Also, histopathological examination was performed for the testes of the first and second groups to evaluate the local effect of CT and also to identify the effect of change in plasma gonadotropin levels on the testes.The results of these investigations showed that, the testosterone plasma levels were significantly decreased in healthy group after sCT administration, the FSH and LH plasma levels were significantly decreased in both healthy and orchidectomized groups after sCT administration and sCT administration caused insignificant change in Ca[2+] plasma levels in both healthy and orchidectomized groups after sCT administration. The histopathological study revealed that sCT administration caused thickening of the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules in 20% of the total number of rats treated with sCT, thickening of the basement membrane and replacement of the interstitial cells of Leydig by halonosis in 50% of the total number of rats treated with sCT and thickening of the basement membrane, replacement of the interstitial cells of Leydig by halonosis and spermatic arrest at the stage of secondary spermatocytes in 30% of the total number of rats treated with sCT. From the above results, it could be concluded that CT administration resulted in a significant reduction in testosterone plasma levels that may be through a reduction in pituitary gonadotropins secretion and through a direct effect on the testes

Possible protective role of nitric oxide in myocardial ischemia

Much interest has been focused on the role of endogenous and exogenous NO pathways as regulators of cardiovascular function in health and disease. Despite the great number of studies on the effect of nitric oxide on cardiac functions under basal and ischemic conditions, however their results remains highly controversial.So this study was designed to throw more light on the role of endogenous NO [synthesized of L-argenine] and exogenous NO [from sodium nitroprusside] in modulation of myocardial function in ischemic conditions A total number of 80 isolated hearts from adult male white New-Zeland rabbits weighing 1.5-2 Kg, grouped into 8 groups were used in this study. When administered before 25 min of global ischemia and early in reperfusion it was found the NO donors L. Arginine, SNP induced a significant cardioprotective effect expressed by a reduction in the percentage of post ischaemic cardiac damage. This was manifested by a lesser reduction in heart rate, amplitude of contraction, coronary flow rate and also lesser lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] release when compared with control group. While administration of NOS inhibitor L. NAME or guanylate cyclase inhibitor MB induced cardiac damage manifested by an increase in the percentage of post ischaemic reduction in heart rate, amplitude of contraction, coronary flow rate and an increased LDH release as compared to control group. Co-administration of NO donors with NO inhibitors abolished the cardio protective effect of NO donors. In conclusion it was found that NO has a significant cardio-depressant effect under basal conditions, however it increased coronary flow rate and moreover, NO donors have a significant cardio protective effect, following ischaemia and reperfusion. These findings may have clinical value as it illustrate the role of NO donors as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment and prevention of coronary artery disease

Relative arteriovenous potency of nitric oxide

Much interest has been focused on the role of endogenous and exogenous nitric oxide [NO] pathways as regulators of cardiovascular function in health and disease. Moreover, despite the well documented vasodilator effect of NO, the relative arteriovenous potency of nitric oxide donors and inhibitors and the role of NO in portal circulation remain unclear. So this study was designed to throw more light on the role of NO on different blood vessels in vitro. This work studied the effect of L-NAME, L-arginine,SNP and MB in 3 different doses on the contractile effect of submaximal dose of noradrenaline on isolated dog aortic,femoral artery,femoral vein and portal vein strips. L-NAME and MB induced a significant increase of noradrenaline induced contraction in all vascular strips with all tested doses. However the response of venous strips was significantly higher than arterial strips with the least effect on aortic strips and highest on portal vein strips indicating a higher sensitivity of veins especially portal vein and the importance of NO in maintenance of basal vascular tone in all tested strips. On the other hand L-arginine and SNP induced a significant reduction in the noradrenaline-induced contraction in all vascular strips with all tested doses. This effect was more in veins especially portal vein than arterial strips.This veno-selectivity illustrate a potential role for NO in control of venous tone and in turn preload which is a major risk factor in some cardiovascular diseases as heart failure.Also the high portal sensitivity under basal condition suggest a possible use of NO as therapeutic agents in portal hypertension, however further studies on portal hypertensive subjects are recommended to illustrate its effects under condition of increased portal pressure

Role of ATP-sensitive Potassium channels in contractility of isolated gall bladder from guinea PIG

This study was planned to investigate the role of KATP channels on the cholinergic contractile response of isolated gall bladder from guinea pigs. The results demonstrated that carbachol [muscarinic agonist] in concentrations 1, 2, 4 and 8 mug/ml produced a significant and concentration-dependent increase [r = +0.9811] in the isolated gall bladder contractility. Preincubation of selective opener of KATP channels [minoxidil] with suspended tissue, in organ bath, in different concentrations [1, 2 and 4 mug/ml] caused a significant and concentration-dependent reduction [r = +0.9842] in the contraction induced by submaximal concentration of carbachol [2 mug/ml]. These results supported the hypothesis that KATP channels play an important role in the muscarinic contractile response of isolated gall bladder from guinea pig