Study on Content Determination of 6 Active Ingredients in Paeonia lactiflora during Different Harvesting Periods and Their Variation / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To establish the method for content determination of 6 active ingredients in Paeonia lactiflora during different harvest periods ，and to investigate its variation rules so as to determine the optimal harvesting period. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted to determine the contents of gallic acid ， catechin， alibiflorin， paeoniflorin， benzoic acid and benzoylpaeoniflorin，and principal component analysis was conducted . The determination was performed on Thermo C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.1％ phosphoric acid aqueous solution （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 230 nm，and column temperature was 35 ℃. The sample size was 10 µL. RESULTS ：The linear range of the above 6 ingredients were 0.013 2-0.25 mg/mL（r＝0.999 2），0.013 2-0.25 mg/mL（r＝0.999 9），0.026 8-0.51 mg/mL（r＝0.999 7）， 0.42-8.01 mg/mL（r＝0.999 2），0.016-0.31 mg/mL（r＝0.999 4），0.02-0.38 mg/mL（r＝0.999 8），respectively. The limits of quantification were 0.009 3，0.008 5，0.016 3，0.021 7，0.011 3，0.017 4 mg/mL，and the limits of detection were 0.003 3，0.002 7， 0.005 4，0.007 3，0.003 8，0.005 9 mg/mL. RSDs of precision ，stability and repeatability tests were less than 2％. The recoveries were 96.01％-99.43％（RSD＝1.23％，n＝9），97.95％-100.45％（RSD＝0.79％，n＝9），97.98％-100.11％（RSD＝0.68％，n＝ 9），98.83％ -100.09％ （RSD＝0.65％ ，n＝9），98.58％ - 100.95％（RSD＝1.35％，n＝9），96.28％-103.26％（RSD＝ 1.76％，n＝9）. The contents of above 6 ingredients in Radix Paeoniae Rubra （roots） were 0.016％ -0.057％ ，0-0.067％ ， 0.207％-0.640％，2.350％-5.887％，0.030％- 0.245％，0.054％- 0.381％，respectively. On May 30th，the drying rate of Radix 0451-87266873。E-mail：wangzhen_yue@163.com Paeoniae Rubra was the lowest （about 33％），and on Sept. 15th，the drying rate was the highest （about 49％）. The contents of gallic acid and paeoniflorin in the leaves of P. lactiflora were higher than the root during Jul.-Oct. Results of principal component analysis showed that the variance contribution rates of the first two principal components were 71.845％ and 18.170％，respectively；cumulative variance contribution rate was 90.015％. The months with higher comprehensive scores were May to Jun. and Sept. to Oct. CONCLUSIONS ：Established method is simple ， accurate，reproducible and precise. It can be used to determine the contents of 6 active ingredients in Radix Paeoniae Rubra during different harvest periods. Sept. 30th to Oct. 15th is the optimum harvesting periods for Radix Paeoniae Rubra ，and leaves can be harvested around Jul. 15th.

Analysis of CT features of chest in Gaucher disease / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To explore the imaging manifestations of thoracic CT in patients with Gaucher disease (GD) in order to improve the diagnostic ability.Methods:Forty-three patients with GD were collected from May 2003 to October 2018 in Beijing Children′s Hospital, including 25 males and 18 females, aged from 10 to 34 years, with an average age of (21±6) years. All the patients underwent routine chest CT examinations, and analysis and description of pulmonary interstitial and parenchyma imaging manifestations were performed.Results:Among the 43 GD patients, 20 patients presented with abnormal chest CT findings: 10 showed diffuse interlobular septa thickening, mainly distributed in the lower lobes of both lungs; 5 showed ground glass opacities in a single or multiple lobes of the lung. There were 2 cases with small nodules, which showed round-like nodules of different sizes. One case had pulmonary fibrosis, especially in the left upper lobe. Other manifestations included bullae in 3 cases,localized pleural thickening in 2 cases, pneumothorax in 1 case; pulmonary hypertension in 1 case and thymus enlargement in 12 cases. Most of the GD patients had pulmonary lesions between 10 and 14 years old. The signs of interlobular septa thickening and thymus enlargement were common, with 5 cases in each age group.Conclusions:GD involves the lungs in half of the patients. The manifestations of the lungs are diverse, and most of them are diffuse interstitial lesions. The main signs are interlobular septal thickening and ground glass opacity, which are consistent with the pathology of Gaucher cell infiltration.But the signs are not specific, the diagnosis should be made in combination with the clinical information, and attention should be paid to the differentiation of lung infiltration caused by other diseases.

Effect of thymosin α combined with piperacillin tazobactam compound on severe pneumonia and its influence on the changes of plasma PCT, hs CRP and sFTL-1 / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the effect of thymosin α combined with piperacillin tazobactam compound in the treatment of severe pneumonia and its influence on the changes of plasma procalcitonin (PCT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (sFTL-1).Methods:From January 2018 to December 2019, 118 patients with severe pneumonia admitted to the First People's Hospital of Jiande were randomly divided into observation group (59 cases) and control group (59 cases) according to random number table method.The control group was treated with piperacillin tazobactam compound, and the observation group was treated with thymosin α on the basis of the control group.The course of treatment in both two groups was 7 days.The therapeutic effect, APACHE Ⅱ score, blood gas analysis and changes of plasma PCT, hs-CRP and sFTL-1 were compared before and after treatment.Results:The total effective rate of the observation group (91.53%) was higher than that of the control group (74.58%) (χ 2=6.020, P<0.05). The APACHE Ⅱ score[(13.24±1.87)points] in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [(18.95±2.12)points]( t=15.515, P<0.05). The PaO 2[(75.46±3.28)mmHg] and PaO 2/FiO 2 (258.49±13.08) in the observation group were higher than those in the control group [(67.83±3.54)mmHg and (225.41±16.57)mmHg] ( t=12.144, 12.036, all P<0.05). The plasma levels of PCT [(4.23±0.78)μg/L], hs-CRP[(17.32±3.25)mg/L] and sFTL-1[(324.15±26.41)ng/L] in the observation group were lower than those in the control group [(7.59±1.42)μg/L, (32.14±7.28)mg/L and (394.21±24.09)ng/L] ( t=15.930, 14.278, 15.054, all P<0.05). Conclusion:Thymosin α combined with piperacillin tazobactam compound can significantly reduce the levels of PCT, hs-CRP and sFTL-1 in patients with severe pneumonia.

Analysis of CT features of chest in Gaucher disease / 中华放射学杂志

Objective@#To explore the imaging manifestations of thoracic CT in patients with Gaucher disease (GD) in order to improve the diagnostic ability.@*Methods@#Forty-three patients with GD were collected from May 2003 to October 2018 in Beijing Children′s Hospital, including 25 males and 18 females, aged from 10 to 34 years, with an average age of (21±6) years. All the patients underwent routine chest CT examinations, and analysis and description of pulmonary interstitial and parenchyma imaging manifestations were performed.@*Results@#Among the 43 GD patients, 20 patients presented with abnormal chest CT findings: 10 showed diffuse interlobular septa thickening, mainly distributed in the lower lobes of both lungs; 5 showed ground glass opacities in a single or multiple lobes of the lung. There were 2 cases with small nodules, which showed round-like nodules of different sizes. One case had pulmonary fibrosis, especially in the left upper lobe. Other manifestations included bullae in 3 cases,localized pleural thickening in 2 cases, pneumothorax in 1 case; pulmonary hypertension in 1 case and thymus enlargement in 12 cases. Most of the GD patients had pulmonary lesions between 10 and 14 years old. The signs of interlobular septa thickening and thymus enlargement were common, with 5 cases in each age group.@*Conclusions@#GD involves the lungs in half of the patients. The manifestations of the lungs are diverse, and most of them are diffuse interstitial lesions. The main signs are interlobular septal thickening and ground glass opacity, which are consistent with the pathology of Gaucher cell infiltration.But the signs are not specific, the diagnosis should be made in combination with the clinical information, and attention should be paid to the differentiation of lung infiltration caused by other diseases.

Establishment of evaluation index system for health education of hand, foot and mouth disease in nursery children by Delphi method / 预防医学

Objective@#To establish an evaluation index system for health education of hand,foot and mouth disease（HFMD）in nursery children by Delphi method. @*Methods@#After referring to the relevant literature,an initial health education index system for HFMD of nursery children was established,including four first-level indicators,twelve second-level indicators and forty-six third-level indicators. Two rounds of expert consultation were conducted according to Delphi method. The enthusiasm of experts was evaluated by response rate,and the authority of experts was evaluated by authority and variation coefficient. The consultation questionnaire in the second round was based on the results of the first round and was scored again in the same way. Then the evaluation index system of HFMD health education for nursery children was finally determined.@*Results@#Thirteen experts participated in two rounds of consultation,including four aged 40-49 years and nine aged 50-59 years;two of deputy senior title and eleven of senior title;one worked in the health administration department,six in the CDC,five in health education institutions and one in kindergarten. The two rounds of expert consultation were carried out effectively within the time set and the response rate reached 100%. In the first round,the judgment coefficient,familiarity coefficient and authority coefficient were 0.92±0.06,0.85±0.12 and 0.88±0.06,respectively. One first-level indicator,two second-level indicators and twelve third-level indicators were added,seven third-level indicators were deleted,and the contents of one second-level indicator and ten third-level indicators were improved in the first round. In the second round,the judgment coefficient,familiarity coefficient and authority coefficient were 0.95±0.07,0.88±0.10 and 0.91±0.06,respectively. The coordination coefficients of the first-,second- and third-level indicators in the second round were 0.170,0.166 and 0.283,respectively,and the coefficients of variation were all less than 0.25. After two rounds of discussion,five first-level indicators,fourteen second-level indicators and fifty-two third-level indicators were finally established as the evaluation index system of HFMD health education for nursery children. @*Conclusion@#The evaluation index system of HFMD health education for nursery children established by Delphi method has high authority and practicability,and it can be used to comprehensively evaluate the effects of HFMD health education on nursery children.

Quantitative analysis of left ventricle myocardial fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation by cardiac MRI / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To evaluate the diffuse myocardial fibrosis of the left ventricle (LV) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) by cardiac MR (CMR) T1 mapping methods.Methods Totally 60 subjects (30 paroxysmal AF patients and 30 persistent AF patients) and 59 normal control underwent MR cardiac cine,late gadolinium enhancement,and LV T1 mapping.For T1 mapping,modified Look-Locker inversion recovery sequence was used.Compared with control,pre-contrast ventricular T1 times were quantified and extracellular volume (ECV) was calculated.Results All subjects completed the CMR exam,no myocardial delay enhanced lesion was found.Pre-contrast ventricular T1 time in healthy controls was lower than that in patients with persistent and paroxysmal AF,and the pre-comrast ventricular T1 time in persistent AF patients was higher than that of paroxysmal AF patients (all P＜0.05).The mean LV myocardial ECV had no statistical difference between healthy controls and paroxysmal AF patients (P＞ 0.05),while lower than persistent AF patients (P ＜ 0.05).The mean LV myocardial ECV in patients with persistent AF was larger than that in patients with paroxysmal AF (P＜0.05).LV functional indexes were positive correlated with pre-contrast ventricular T1 time and ECV in patients with AF (all P＜0.05).Conclusion There is LV myocardial fibrosis in patients with AF,and the degree in patients with persistent AF is more severe than that in patients with paroxysmal AF.

Content Comparison and Correlation Analysis of Gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic Acid Methyl Ester in Mo-mordica cochinchinensis from 14 Production Places of 8 Provinces / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for variety breeding,high yield and high quality cultivation of Momordica cochi-nchinensis. METHODS:Based on Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition,Vol Ⅰ),HPLC for determining the content of gyp-sogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochinchinensis was optimized,the contents of gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochinchinensis from 14 production places of 8 provinces were compared,and cluster analysis was conduct-ed. Correlation of longitude,latitude and altitude with content of gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochinchi-nensis was analyzed by SPSS17.0 software. RESULTS:Gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochinchinensis showed good linear relationship in 0.05-0.5 mg/mL,regression equation was Y=4361.95X+67.3808(R2=0.9997);the limits of quantification and detection were 15.62 ng and 4.67 ng,respectively. Average recovery was 99.76%(RSD=1.36%,n=9). The content of gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochinchinensis from 14 production places of 8 provinces had ex-tremely significant differences(P<0.01). Clustering analysis results indicated that M. cochinchinensis from 14 production places of 8 provinces were divided into Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ groups. Contents of gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochi-nchinensis of Ⅲ,Ⅳ groups were relatively high,including Guangxi Pingnan,Guizhou Jiangkou,Guizhou Dejiang,Fujian Jian-yang and Hunan Huitong,in which,Guangxi Pingnan,Guizhou Jiangkou,Guizhou Dejiang and Hunan Huitong had high altitude and low latitude,Fujian Jianyang had high altitude. The content of gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochi-nchinensis was positively correlated with altitude,while negatively correlated with longitude and latitude. CONCLUSIONS:HPLC is simple,accurate and reproducible for determining the content of gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochi-nchinensis,and the determined contents of gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochinchinensis from 14 produc-tion places of 8 provinces have reached the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition,Vol Ⅰ). Cultivation in Guangxi Pingnan,Guizhou Jiangkou,Guizhou Dejiang,Hunan Huitong and other areas with high altitude and low latitude helps to improve the content accumulation of gypsogenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester in M. cochinchinensis.

High cell density culture of an engineered yeast strain for sclareol production / 生物工程学报

Cell growth profiles were evaluated in shake-flask culture to improve sclareol production by the engineered yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae S7. Product formation was tightly coupled with cell growth. High cell density cultures were performed with different carbon sources using a dissolved oxygen level feedback-control strategy in a 3 L bioreactor. The titers of sclareol were 253 mg/L, 386 mg/L and 408 mg/L, respectively, when glucose, ethanol and glucose/ethanol mixture were used as the carbons sources. The maximal titer was 27-fold higher than that obtained under shake-flask culture conditions. The results suggested that the presence of ethanol was beneficial to sclareol production. These results provided useful information for optimization of yeast cell factory and efficient production of terpenoids.

Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for sclareol production / 生物工程学报

Sclareol is a member of labdane type diterpenes mostly used as fragrance ingredient. To enable microbial production of sclareol, synthetic pathways were constructed by incorporating labdenediol diphosphate synthase (LPPS) and terpene synthase (TPS) of the plant Salvia sclarea into Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It was found that sclareol production could be benefited by overexpression of key enzyme for precursor biosynthesis, construction of fusion protein for substrate channeling, and removal of signal peptides from LPPS and TPS. Under optimal shake flask culture conditions, strain S6 produced 8.96 mg/L sclareol. These results provided useful information for development of heterologous hosts for production of terpenoids.

Beta-1,3-glucomannanase assisted lipid extraction from Rhodosporidium toruloides / 生物工程学报

To evaluate the effectiveness of enzymatic assisted extraction (EAE) of lipid from the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides in the presence of beta-1,3-glucomannanase at a larger scale, we investigated the effects of enzymatic treatment and extraction conditions on lipid extraction yields at 10-L scale by using the broth of R. toruloides Y4 as the feed and ethyl acetate as the solvent. When it was treated for 0.5 h, the lipid extraction yield reached 71.1%, indicating that the enzymatic treatment process reached similar efficiency to that obtained at 10-mL scale. The inhibitory effect of emulsification was greatly reduced by repeated extraction. After extracted for three times, yields of lipid extraction, solvent recovery and total material recovery reached 92.9%, 87.0% and 94.2% respectively. As it can use the lipid production slurry with good extraction efficiency, EAE technology is promising for industrial production of microbial lipids.

Effects of dilution rate and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio on lipid accumulation by Rhodosporidium toruloides under chemostat conditions / 生物工程学报

The objective of this work is to investigate how dilution rate and carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio affects lipid accumulation by Rhodosporidium toruloides AS 2.138 9 in continuous culture. Under steady-state conditions, the increase in dilution rate led to the decrease in lipid content and lipid yield. The highest lipid yield and lipid content at D = 0.02 h(-1) were 0.18 g lipid/g sugar and 57.1%, respectively, while the highest lipid productivity and biomass productivity were obtained at D = 0.14 h(-1). The increase in C/N ratio led to the increase in lipid content. The highest lipid content of 38% was obtained at C/N = 237. The highest lipid yield of 0.12 g lipid/g sugar was obtained at C/N = 92. However, the highest lipid productivity of 0.12 g/(L x h) was obtained at C/N = 32. No significant changes were observed in terms of fatty acid composition of the lipid produced under different C/N ratios, and these three fatty acids, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid, took over 85% in all samples.

Microbial lipid production by Rhodosporidium toruloides in a two-stage culture mode / 生物工程学报

To shorten the cultivation time and reduce the consumption of raw materials for microbial lipid production, oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides AS 2.1389 was cultivated using a two-stage culture mode, in which the cell propagation and lipid accumulation were separated. The yeast cells recovered from the propagation culture were re-suspended in glucose solution for lipid accumulation, through which lipid content over 55% of the dry cell weight was achieved, the longer the propagation stage was, the higher the lipid content. Analysis of the lipid indicated that the long-chain fatty acids with 16 and 18 carbon atoms were major components, suggesting that the lipid can be an alternative feedstock for biodiesel production.

Expression and role of adrenomedullin and its receptor in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression and role of adrenomedullin (ADM) and adrenomedullin receptor (ADMR) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Small pulmonary artery remodeling was observed using morphometric analysis. The expression of ADM and ADMR mRNA in lung tissue was calculated by in situ hybridization in 9 COPD cases. Cardiac catheterization was performed in 22 COPD cases to monitor changes of hemodynamic parameters and patients were divided into two groups based on mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP). The cases without pulmonary hypertension (PH) were placed in Group A (n = 12) and those with PH were placed in Group B (n = 10). The levels of pulmonary arterial plasma ADM were measured by radioimmunoassay. Blood gas analysis was also conducted.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ratio of vascular wall thickness to external diameter (MT%) and the ratio of vascular wall area to total area (MA%) were higher in patients with COPD (P < 0.01). In situ hybridization showed that ADM mRNA and ADMR mRNA were expressed in the pulmonary artery walls of control subjects. The expression levels were significantly higher in those of COPD sufferers (P < 0.01). Statistically positive relationships were visible between ADM and ADMR, and the plasma ADM level of Group B was significantly higher than that of Group A (P < 0.05). The plasma ADM level had a significantly positive correlation to mPAP and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), while being negatively correlated to levels of PaO(2).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ADM may play an extremely protective role as a local autocrine/paracrine factor in COPD.</p>

Etiology Analysis of Recurrent Early Spontaneous Abortion / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

【Objective】 To identify the main factor or factors w hich contribute to recurrent early spontaneous abortion for clinical diagnosis a nd treatment. 【Methods】 69 cases received the screening examination including inherent, endocrine, anatomical, infective, immunological and contamination hist ory poison metabolic factors, then analyses all factors. 【Results】 Analysing the single factor effecting th e recurrent early spontaneous abortion in the above 7 factors, we found the immun ological factor was 86.2%. Furthermore the immunological factor had significant difference in the various aged groups. 【Conclusion】 Immunological factor is a main factor in recurrent early spontaneous abortion. The immunological factor b ecomes significantly important as the times of spontaneous abortion increasing.

Premature response to luteinizing hormone of granulosa cells from women with polycystic ovary syndrome / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To demonstrate the relationship between hormones in follicular fluid and the expression of LH receptor in granulosa cells(GC) in anovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).METHODS: Follicles were obtained from 12 women with PCOS and 15 women with normal menstrual period through surgery at time between day 7 and day 10 of menstrual cycle.The accumulations of estrogen(E2),progesterone(P),luteinizing hormone(LH),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) and insulin in follicular fluid were determined by a automatism chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay(CMIA) for the quantitative determination.The accumulation of androstenediol(A) was determined by ELISA.The amounts of the mRNA expressions of LH receptors from GC and theca cells(TC) respectively were measured by RT-PCR using ?-actin as intra-control simultaneously.RESULTS: The levels of LH [(3.8?2.1 vs 1.7?0.8)IU/L,P