Protective effect of ethyl acetate extract from Bidens bipinnata on hepatocyte damage induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress / 中国中药杂志

To explore the protective effect and mechanism of ethyl acetate extract from Bidens bipinnata on hepatocyte damage induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Tunicamycin was used to establish the damage model in L02 cells. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) colorimetric assay was used to investigate the survival rate of ethyl acetate extract from B. bipinnata in L02 cells injury induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress; the protein expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related molecule glucose regulated protein 78(GRP78), PKR-like ER kinase(PERK), eukaryotic initiation factor-2(eIF2α), activating transcription factor 4(ATF4), C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP), B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2(Bcl-2), Bal-2 associated X apoptosis regulator(Bax) were examined by Wes-tern blot. The expressions of the above proteins were also detected after endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor(4-phenyl butyric acid) and CHOP shRNA-mediated knockdowns were added. The expressions of GRP78, PERK, CHOP in L02 cells were observed by immunofluorescence method. The results showed that ethyl acetate extract from B. bipinnata could significantly increase the survival rate of L02 cell injury caused by endoplasmic reticulum stress in a dose and time-dependent manner(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The expression levels of GRP78, PERK, eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP and Bax in the drug treatment groups were significantly down-regulated(P<0.05 or P<0.01), while Bcl-2 was significantly up-regulated(P<0.01). After endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor and CHOP shRNA-mediated knockdowns were added, the expression levels of GRP78, PERK, eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP, Bax in the drug treatment groups were significantly down-regulated(P<0.01), whereas Bcl-2 was significantly up-regulated(P<0.01). Immunofluorescence results showed that the expressions of GRP78, PERK, CHOP were consistent with the Western blot method. In conclusion, ethyl acetate extract from B. bipinnata has a significant protective effect on the damage of L02 cells caused by endoplasmic reticulum stress. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the down-regulation of apoptosis in cells through the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP signaling pathway.

An investigation of the microstructure and mechanical properties of dental zirconia manufactured by digital light processing 3D printing / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This study was performed to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of dental zirconia manufactured by digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing and the clinical application prospects of this material.@*METHODS@#The experiment (DLP) group was zirconia manufactured by DLP 3D printing, and the control (MILL) group was milled zirconia. The density, grain size, and phase composition were measured to study the microstructure. Flexural strength was measured by using three-point bending tests, while Vickers hardness was determined through a Vickers hardness tester. Fracture toughness was tested using the single-edge V-notched beam method.@*RESULTS@#Zirconia density of the DLP group was (6.019 8±0.021 3) g·cm@*CONCLUSIONS@#Zirconia manufactured by DLP 3D printing had microstructure and mechanical properties similar to those of the milled zirconia. Only the flexural strength and the Vickers hardness of the experimental zirconia were slightly lower than those of the milled zirconia. Therefore, DLP-manufactured zirconia has a promising future for clinical use.

Effects of cold induced RNA binding protein on hippocampal neurons and mitochondrial damage after mild hypothermia in a rat model of cardiac arrest / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveMild hypothermia was an effective way of cerebral resuscitation after cardiac arrest. The expression of cold-induced RNA binding protein (CIRP) was significantly enhanced when the temperature was lowered. This study was to evaluate the effects and the mechanisms of CIRP inhibition on hippocampal neurological and mitochondria function after mild hypothermia in a rat model of cardiac arrest.MethodsFive male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with AAV9 in the hippocampus, 1 μL on each side, speeding 0.2 μL/min. The expression of GFP was observed by fluorescence microscopy after 2w. Sixty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n= 12 for each group): sham operation group, model group, mild hypothermia group, mild hypothermia + CIRP inhibition group and mild hypothermia + normal control group. Injection of AAV9 was performed on mild hypothermia + CIRP inhibition group, same amount of empty vector on mild hypothermia + normal control group, while normal saline on the other groups. Animal models of global cerebral IR were established by transesophageal cardiac pacing inducing cardiac arrest followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation at 2w after injection. Cooling to 32-34℃ was initiated and the temperature was maintained for 6h on mild hypothermia groups. NDS score, HE staining and pyramidal cell counting on hippocampal CA1 area were performed at 72h after reperfusion. At 24h after reperfusion, mitochondrial structure of pyramidal cells in hippocampal CA1 was observed under electronic microscope and the expressions of CIRP, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and cytochrome C (Cyt-C) were detected by Western blot.ResultsThe NDS score of model group was decreased, the number of pyramidal cells was reduced, and the mitochondria were severely damaged. The NDS score of mild hypothermia group was increased, and the number of pyramidal cells was increased (all P<0.05), and mitochondrial damage was reduced compared with model group. In mild hypothermia + CIRP inhibition group, the NDS score was no significant difference compared with mild hypothermia + normal control group and model group, and the number of pyramidal cells was lower than that in mild hypothermia + normal control group [(27.2±4.9) vs (50.2±4.4), P<0.05], similar to model group (25.2±3.8), the damage of mitochondria was severe. After 2 weeks of AAV9 injection, GFP was widely expressed in the hippocampus. The expression of CIRP in mild hypothermia + CIRP inhibition group was respectively small compared with sham operation group [(0.14±0.03) vs (0.03±0.01),P<0.05], which was successfully inhibited by injection of AAV9. The expression of CIRP in model group (0.25±0.05) was significantly higher than that in sham operation group. The expression of CIRP in mild hypothermia group (0.37±0.08) and mild hypothermia + normal control group (0.39±0.04) were higher than that in model group (all P<0.05). The trends of Drp1 and Cyt-C expression were the same, in model group was higher than that in sham operation group, in mild hypothermia group was lower than that in model group, in mild hypothermia + CIRP inhibition group was higher than in mild hypothermia + normal control group (all P<0.05); There were no significant differences between model group and mild hypothermia + CIRP inhibition group, and between mild hypothermia group and mild hypothermia + normal control group.ConclusionInhibition of CIRP expression in hippocampus can weaken the protective effects of mild hypothermia on neurons in a rat model of cardiac arrest. The mechanism of those effects might be association with mitochondrial division.

Effect and mechanism of Bidens pilosa decoction on non-alcoholic fatty liver induced by high fat and high glucose in mice / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to investigate the effect and possible mechanism of Bidens pilosa decoction on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) induced by high fat and high glucose in mice. Bald/c mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, metformin(200 mg·kg~(-1)) treatment group, Bidens pilosa decoction(10 g·kg~(-1)) treatment group, metformin and B. pilosa decoction(100 mg·kg~(-1)+5 g·kg~(-1)) treatment group. Except for the normal group, mice in the other four groups were fed with high-fat and high-glucose diet for 8 weeks to establish the non-alcoholic fatty liver model. After 4 weeks of treatment, blood was collected from the eyeballs, the mice were sacrificed, and relevant indicators were detected. The results showed that compared with the model group, blood lipid and blood glucose levels of each treatment group were significantly lower(P<0.05); HE staining results showed that liver pathological damage in each treatment group was significantly improved; oil red O staining results showed fat distribution in each treatment group significantly reduced(P<0.01); immunohistochemical staining showed that glucose regulated the protein expression of protein 78(GRP78) in liver tissues of each treatment group was also significantly reduced(P<0.01); Western blot results showed that endoplasmic reticulum stress signal pathway-related factors GRP78, phosphorylated-protein kinase R-like ER kinase(p-PERK), eukaryotic translation-initiation factor 2α(eIF2α), activating transcription factor 4(ATF4), C/EBP homologous protein(Chop), inositol requiring 1α(IRE1α), and cleaved-cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 12(cleaved-caspase-12) were significantly reduced(P<0.01). The results of the combined drug treatment group were better than those of the single drug treatment group. These results showed that B. pilosa decoction had the effect in improving non-alcoholic fatty liver, and its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)-related factors, and the reduction of the apoptosis of hepatocytes caused by ERS and the down-regulation of blood lipid and blood glucose levels.

Protective effects of flavonoids from Gynostemma pentaphyllum on oxidative damage in LLC-PK1 cells / 中国中药杂志

Four flavonoids were isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum by chromatography methods and their structures were identified by MS and NMR spectra data as quercetin-3-O-( 2″,6″-di-α-L-rhamnosyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside( 1),quercetin-3-O-( 2″,6″-di-α-L-rhamnosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside( 2),quercetin-3-O-( 2″-α-L-rhamnosyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside( 3),and quercetin-3-O-( 2″-α-L-rhamnosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside( 4). Among them,compounds 1-3 were obtained from the Cucurbitaceae family for the first time.The four flavonoids showed potent antioxidant effects against the DPPH,·OH and ■radicals in vitro,especially for DPPH radical scavenging activity with the IC50 values of 71. 4,29. 5,48. 3 and 79. 2 μmol·L~(-1),respectively. Moreover,the four flavonoids displayed strong cytoprotection against AAPH-induced oxidative damage in LLC-PK1 cells by suppressing the increase of malondialdehyde( MDA) and the decrease of the superoxide dismutase( SOD) and glutathione( GSH). Since further research is needed to prove its efficacy in vivo and clinical trial,the study may provide four potential antioxidants from G. pentaphyllum.

Study on the Situation and the Users' Demands of Chronic Disease Management Application in Guangzhou / 现代医院

Objective To understand the application status and users' demands of the chronic disease management application in Guangzhou. Methods From June to October 2017, 794 patients with chronic disease (hypertension as an example) and 25 community health workers were investigated and analyzed by questionnaire and personal interview in Guangzhou. Results The utilization rate of hypertension management type APP was 71. 7％ in Guangzhou, and that of community health service staff was 25. 0％. The demand of this kind of APP users lies in perfecting the basic function of chronic disease management, stressing market norms and technological innovation, emphasizing the health education of patients with chronic disease and continuous education of medical staff. Conclusion Currently, the chronic disease management applications can not meet the most practical and urgent needs of its users, so it is necessary to continuously evaluate the market and adjust the development strategy.

Efficacy of mild hypothermia for the treatment of patients with cardiac arrest / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Therapeutic hypothermia has been recommended for the treatment of cardiac arrest patients who remain comatose after the return of spontaneous circulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of mild hypothermia on patients with cardiac arrest by conducting a meta-analysis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The relevant trials were searched in Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI and Wan Fang Data from the date of their establishment to October 2014. Thereafter, the studies retrieved were screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted, and the quality of the included studies was evaluated. A meta-analysis was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager 5.2 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six randomized controlled trials involving 531 cases were included, among which 273 cases were assigned to the treatment group and the other 258 cases to the control group. The meta-analysis indicated that mild hypothermia therapy after cardiac arrest produced significant differences in survival rate (relative risk [RR] =1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.48, P = 0.03) and neurological function (RR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.08-1.65, P = 0.007) after 6 months compared with normothermia therapy. However, no significant differences were observed in the survival to the hospital discharge (RR = 1.35, 95% CI: 0.87-2.10, P = 0.18), favorable neurological outcome at hospital discharge (RR = 1.53, 95% CI: 0.95-2.45, P = 0.08) and adverse events.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The meta-analysis demonstrated that mild hypothermia can improve the survival rate and neurological function of patients with cardiac arrest after 6 months. On the other hand, regarding the survival to hospital discharge, favorable neurological outcome at hospital discharge, and adverse events, our meta-analysis produced nonsignificant results.</p>

Concurrent Infection of Torque Teno Sus Virus and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in a Clinical Case with Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome.

Aims: The goal of this study was to identify possible concurrent infection of torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in a clinical case with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) on certain farm of Shanghai, China. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, between June 2009 and June 2010 & Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, between September and November, 2013. Methodology: Multiply-primed rolling-circle amplification (MPRCA), a useful molecular tool, was performed to amplify genome sequence of TTSuV and PCV2. For serum sample of SH0822 from a clinical case with PMWS, the products of MPRCA were digested using EcoR I, Xba I, Sma I, Sac I, respectively. Moreover, Clustal W program (DNASTAR software) and MEGA 5.1 software (neighbour-joining method) was used to analysis its nucleotide homology and genetic relationship. Results: Restriction digestion analysis showed one TTSuV genome-size fragment was presented in 1.2 % agarose gel, moreover, another PCV2 genome-size fragment was also presented. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis results suggested that its complete genome were 2823-nucleotide size and 1767-nucleotide size and they were divided into species TTSuV1b and genotype PCV2b, respectively. Conclusion: Concurrent infection of TTSuV and PCV2 in a clinical case with PMWS was identified using MPRCA combining with restriction endonuclease digestion, which indicated that MPRCA was an effective tool to attain simultaneous detection and genome amplification of TTSuV and PCV2.

Molecular characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus collected from human infections in Shenzhen, between 2002 and 2008 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the occurrence and distribution of specific clones of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus(VP)isolated in Shenzhen and to assess the relationship between serotype O3:K6 and the globally distributed pandemic clone.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 1005 VPs isolated from diarrhea patients in 2002-2008 were sero-typed. Real-time PCR was used to detect the virulence genes tlh, toxR, tdh, trh and orf8 in 281 isolates from 68 different serotypes. The main serotypes were typed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis(PFGE). Strains with dominant serotypes and PFGE patterns were assayed by GS-PCR and toxRS sequencing for the identification of pandemic clone. Multilocus sequence typing(MLST)analysis was reserved for exemplary 41 O3 : K6 and O1 : K25 isolates.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seventy-nine serotypes were observed among the 1005 isolates, including O3 : K6(57.9%), O4 : K8(8.16%), O1 : KUT(5.87%), O1 : K25(5.27%), O4 : K68(1.39%), O1 : K56(1.39%) and O9 : K44(0.99%). Most of the strains(99.36%)showed PCR positive to tlh, toxR, and tdh but eleven strains were tdh negative. MLST showed that all the 36 O3 : K6 isolates belonged to ST3 and all the 5 O4 : K8 strains were ST189. These results matched the description of the pandemic VP clone.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A recognizable burden of diarrheal illness caused by VP had been seen in Shenzhen. Results from serotyping indicated that although there existing a large variety of diversities, the dominant serotype appeared to be O3 : K6. VP isolates identified in Shenzhen mainly showed as tdh positive but trh negative, in consistent with the current pandemic O3 : K6 clone. The pandemic O3 : K6 clone did appear to co-exist with other clones of O3 : K6, as well as O4 : K8,O1 : K25. Potential outbreak of VP could be monitored through the laboratory-based surveillance programs, suggesting that the strategies related to prevention and control of VP should be prioritized in Shenzhen.</p>

Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast, report of 430 cases / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics,treatment and prognosis of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.Methods We retrospectively analysed 430 patients with a diagnosis of DCIS in Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 1991 to December 2005,to evaluate the clinical characteristics,treatment and prognosis.Results Overall survival rate of 430 patients was 94.9％ (408/430).10 cases died of breast cancer recurrence,7 for local recurrence,3 for metastsis.Tumor size,TNM stages and structural pattern of pathlogy were prognosis impacting factors (P ＜ 0.05).The 5-year survival rate for combination radiotherapy and breast-conserving surgery group was 100％,and 10-year survival rate was 97.1％,comparing traditional modified radical mastectomy 5-year survival rate of 98.3％and 10-year survival of 96.7％ (P ＞ 0.05).The overall survival rate of surgery alone group (89.9％) was lower than the post-operative comprehensive treatment group (96.8％),(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Treatment of DCIS should be based on primary tumor's clinical stage and histologic characters.Breast-conserving surgery enjoys the same outcome as traditional modified radical mastectomy.

Signet ring cell carcinoma of the breast: report of 17 cases / 中华普通外科杂志

carcinoma (SRCC) of the breast.Methods The clinical and pathologic data of 17 SRCC of the breast were analyzed retrospectively.Results Breast SRCC accounted for 2-4.5％ of all breast cancer patients.I0 (58.8％) patients suffered from lymph node metastasis at admission,the positive rates of estrogen receptor(ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) were 71.4％ (10/14) and 64.9％ (9/14) respectively.With a follow-up time varying from 8 months to 11 years recurrence or metastasis were found in 7 patients,another 3 patients were found having distant metastasis at admission.Bone metastasis (8 patients) was most common.Treatments of breast SRCC were analogous to breast cancer at the same stage,sixteen cases were treated with surgery and 14 cases with chemotherapy.The 3' and 5' year disease-free survival rates were 50.3％ (7/17) and 23.0％ (5/17) respectively.With a mean follow-up time of 57 months,the mortality was41.2％ (7/17).Conclusions SRCC of the breast is highly invasive,with high rate of positive receptors and recurrence,and poor patients' survival.

Characteristics of Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg lacking Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the characteristics of the strains of Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) serovar Senftenberg lacking Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 10 strains of S. enterica serovar Senftenberg were isolated from 10 cases of diarrhea patients. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), PCR, sequencing techniques and cell invasion test were adapted to study the molecular types and invasiveness of the genes and cells; and made a comparison between the 10 strains and the strains (C02013) isolated in Shenzhen in 2002.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 10 Senftenberg isolated (S09007-S09012, S09014-S09017) in Shanghai showed three PFGE patterns, which were significantly different from the strains isolated in Shenzhen. PCR-amplified results indicated the invasion gene (invA), secreted effector protein gene (sipA) and gene fragments as fhlA-hilA, hilA-spaP and spaP-invH in the 10 strains of SPI-1 were all negative. The sequencing results revealed that the 10 strains isolated in Shanghai lacked most parts of SPI-1 genes, as fragments from orgA to invH and parts of orgA gene itself; however, compared with strains isolated in Shenzhen, the sprB-orgC gene existed. The missing parts of genes were replaced by a simple insertion sequence (IS) of 1000 bp in the strains isolated both in Shenzhen in 2002 and in Shanghai in 2006. The invasiveness rates of the 10 strains (S09007-S09012, S09014-S09017) towards Hela cells were (0.0053 ± 0.0024)%, (0.0046 ± 0.0006)%, (0.0047 ± 0.0003)%, (0.0064 ± 0.0012)%, (0.0065 ± 0.0011)%, (0.0070 ± 0.0020)%, (0.0115 ± 0.0030)%, (0.0099 ± 0.0039)%, (0.0180 ± 0.0135)% and (0.0031 ± 0.0012)%, respectively; which were all significantly lower than the rate of invA-positive control strain STM1344 ((5.0800 ± 0.6333)%); lower or close to the rate of invA-lacked artificial-mutated strain STMinvA-((0.0193 ± 0.0045)%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SPI-1 genes are not essential for the diarrhea caused by S. enterica serovar Senftenberg.</p>

Etiologic and molecular characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from diarrheal patients in Shenzhen, in 2007-2008 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the infection status and the molecular characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from diarrheal patients in Shenzhen, in 2007 to 2008 and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of diarrheal diseases caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Methods More than 80 fecal specimens from four sentinel surveillance hospitals were collected and cultured each month. A total of 361 isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were sero-typed and examined by real-time PCR for the presence of two major virulence genes, tdh and trh. Of 361 strains, 60 O3: K6 strains isolated from six suspected outbreaks in August, 2007 and in September, 2008 were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results 4384 stool samples were detected in four sentinel surveillance hospitals and with 361 Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated that belonged to 28 serotypes. Serotype O3:K6, O4:K8 and O1:KUT accounted for 67.90%, 7.50% and 6.10%, respectively. Of 361 strains, 337 strains belonged to tdh + trh- , 11 strains were tdh-trh- and 13 strains were tdh + trh +. The most prevalent serotype which caused diarrheal diseases was tdh + trh-in Shenzhen. The 60 isolates were discriminated into twenty different PFGE patterns, which belonged to three clones. Among the 60 isolates, most of the PFGE patterns of isolates from the suspected outbreak locations were identical and some strains isolated from different year were different. Conclusion Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates in Shenzhen were dominated by O3:K6 strains. Most of these isolates carried tdh gene and few carried trh gene. Meanwhile, the identical patterns of isolates from 6 suspected outbreaks locations demonstrated that Vibrio parahaemolyticus outbreaks occurred in July 2007 and in September 2008 in Shenzhen. However, the dominated strains' PFGE patterns were different each year, indicating that the sources of Vibrio parahaemolyticus had a multiplex nature and the multiplex sources such as water, sea food and pickled products should be integrated monitored. Laboratory based surveillance of diarrheal diseases could contribute in establishing early warning system for the better prevention and control of diarrheal diseases.

Treatment of retinal vein occlusion in rabbits with traditional Chinese medicine Fufang XueShuan Tong / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is one of the most common causes of visual loss. Many approaches have been tried to treat central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) with various results. However, there is no defined protocol and limited evidence to support the interventions currently used. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of the traditional Chinese medicine Fufang XueShuan Tong (FXST) in treating experimentally created RVO.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>RVO model was first induced in forty-four pigmented rabbits through photocoagulation following injection of rose Bengal. The rabbits were divided into four groups based on the dose of FXST administered (212 mg/kg, 424 mg/kg, 848 mg/kg and control group). The rabbits were observed for four weeks after the procedure, using color fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography and electroretinogram examination. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-6 and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the vitreous and histopathologic evaluation were monitored.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The obstructed vessels in the treatment groups reopened or anastomosed faster than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The amplitude of maximum b wave and the oscillatory potential were significantly higher in the treatment groups than in the control group (P < 0.01). At both two weeks and four weeks, VEGF and IL-6 levels in the vitreous were significantly decreased in the treatment groups (P < 0.01), while NO levels were significantly elevated (P < 0.01). At the same time, histopathologic evaluation showed different retinal neuroepithelium structures in the different groups. Immunoreactivity of VEGF was greater in the control group than in the treatment groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>FXST was helpful in reconstructing retinal vessels in the RVO model, protecting retinal structures and improving visual function, and could inhibit the neovascular factor.</p>

Analysis of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis molecular subtyping of Shigella strains in Shenzhen / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the genetic relations of Shigella isolated from Shenzhen in 2001-2006 and develop primary molecular subtyping surveillance network of Shigella.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Chromosomal DNAs from 55 isolated in agarose were digested with the restriction enzyme Xba I, and then were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns were clustered using BioNumerics software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All 41 distinctive PFGE patterns were identified among 55 strains. 32 strains belonged to one cluster. Differences were observed in other strains.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both genetic-related clones and non-related clones of Shigella existed in Shenzhen. The development of PFGE molecular subtyping surveillance network would contribute to the active surveillance, outbreak investigation and source tracking for Shigellosis.</p>

Study on anti-endotoxin of baicalin / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the anti-endotoxin of different concentration baicalin.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>6.250 microg/mL, 3.125 microLg/mL, 1.562 microg/mL and 0.781 microg/mL baicalin solutions were mixed with I EU/mL endotoxin, respectively. The mixtures were put into water of (37+/-1) degrees C for 15 min, 30 min and 60 min. The degrading effects were determined by using limulus amebocyte lysate test (LAL test).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1) The degrading effect of 6.250 microg/mL, 3.125 microg/mL and 1.562 microg/mL baicalin solution on I EU/mL endotoxin was degraded completely in 15 min, 30 min and 60 min, respectively. 2)The degrading effect of 3.125 microg/mL, 1.562 microg/mL and 0.781 microg/mL baicalin solution on 1 EU/mL endotoxin after these mixtures had been incubated for 15 min. Endotoxin values were (0.155 5 +/- 0.002 8) EU/mL, (0.212 1+/-0.004 9) EU/mL, (0.355 9+/-0.013 9) EU/mL, respectively. These differences among them were statistically significant (P<0.01). 3) The degrading effect of 1.562 microg/mL and 0.781 microg/mL baicalin solution on 1 EU/mL endotoxin after these mixtures had been incubated for 30 min. Endotoxin values were (0.1640+/-0.0025) EU/mL and (0.2094+/-0.004 4) EU/mL, respectively. These differences between them were statistically significant (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The action of anti-endotoxin of baicalin is dose-dependent and time-dependent. The results show that baicalin has the stronger anti-endotoxin effect.</p>

Molecular subtyping of Vibrio cholerae isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in Shenzhen from 1993 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the genetic relationships between different Vibrio cholerae isolates in Shenzhen from 1993 to 2002.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Chromosomal DNA from 60 isolates was digested in seakem gold agrose with restriction enzyme Not I and plugs were then analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of V. cholerae isolates were clustered using BioNumerics software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>39 distinctive PFGE patterns were identified with each pattern having 20 to 30 bands. Most PFGE patterns were divided into cluster A or cluster B.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The closely related pandemic clone clusters of V. cholerae strains did exist in Shenzhen. PFGE of V. cholerae could be used for active surveillance and tracking for cholerae.</p>

Rapid simultaneous detection of Salmonella and Shigella using modified molecular beacons and real-time PCR / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Dual detection of Salmonella and Shigella using modified molecular beacons and real-time PCR was developed. The established method was applied to rapid diagnosis of Salmonella and Shigella' food poisoning, and for routine monitoring programs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two sets of primers were designed based on the core sequence of invA gene and ssaR gene published on GenBank to detect Salmonella, and ipaH gene were selected to detect Shigella. Three corresponding modified molecular beacons labeled with different fluorophors were designed. The molecular beacons and primer sets were tested against numerous strains from 55 different bacterial species. Then the two assays were combined to establish the dual real-time PCR assay, and were applied to the food poisoning diagnosis and surveillance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For the modified molecular beacons-based dual real-time PCR assay, the sensitivity achieved was 69-93 fg/microl, 32-64 CFU/ml or 1-2 CFU/PCR reaction. There was no cross-reaction with other bacteria served as control. The dual real-time PCR assay was used to detect 134 Salmonella strains and 67 Shigella strains but no false signals were observed. 1100 food poisoning samples were tested with 569 Salmonella and 42 were Shigella identified by real time PCR. Among the positive samples, 551 were detected Salmonella and 41 were Shigella by traditional culture method. The overall test could be finished within 2 hours to one day starting from sample preparation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The modified molecular beacons-based dual real-time PCR assay was rapid, sensitive, and specific. It could be applied to the rapid diagnosis of Salmonella and Shigella' food poisoning.</p>

Brain hyaluronan binding protein inhibits tumor growth / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Great efforts have been made to search for the angiogenic inhibitors in avascular tissues. Several proteins isolated from cartilage have been proved to have anti-angiogenic or anti-tumour effects. Because cartilage contains a great amount of hyaluronic acid (HA) oligosaccharides and abundant HA binding proteins (HABP), therefore, we speculated that HABP might be one of the factors regulating vascularization in cartilage or anti-angiogenesis in tumours. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of hyaluronan binding protein on inhibiting tumour growth both in vivo and vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A unique protein termed human brain hyaluronan (HA) binding protein (b-HABP) was cloned from human brain cDNA library. MDA-435 human breast cancer cell line was chosen as a transfectant. The in vitro underlying mechanisms were investigated by determining the possibilities of MDA-435/b-HABP colony formation on soft agar, the effects of the transfectant on the proliferation of endothelial cells and the expression levels of caspase 3 and FasL from MDA-435/b-HABP. The in vivo study included tumour growth on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chicken embryos and nude mice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Colony formation assay revealed that the colonies formed by MDA-435/b-HABP were greatly reduced compared to mock transfectants. The conditioned media from MDA-435/b-HABP inhibited the growth of endothelial cells in culture. Caspase 3 and FasL expressions were induced by MDA-435/b-HABP. The size of tumours of MDA-435/b-HABP in both CAM and nude mice was much smaller than that of MDA-435 alone.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Human brain hyaluronan binding protein (b-HABP) may represent a new kind of naturally existing anti-tumour substance. This brain-derived glycoprotein may block tumour growth by inducing apoptosis of cancer cells or by decreasing angiogenesis in tumour tissue via inhibiting proliferation of endothelial cells.</p>