Relationship of triglyceride-glucose index and its derivatives with blood pressure abnormalities in adolescents: an analysis based on a restricted cubic spline model / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the relationship of triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), triglyceride-glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), and triglyceride-glucose-waist circumference index (TyG-WC) with blood pressure abnormalities in adolescents, providing theoretical basis for the prevention and control of hypertension in adolescents.@*METHODS@#A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1 572 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years in Yinchuan City for questionnaire surveys, physical measurements, and laboratory tests. Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline analysis were employed to examine the relationship of TyG, TyG-BMI, and TyG-WC with blood pressure abnormalities in adolescents.@*RESULTS@#Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that after adjusting for confounding factors, the groups with the highest quartile of TyG, TyG-BMI, and TyG-WC had 1.48 times (95%CI: 1.07-2.04), 3.71 times (95%CI: 2.67-5.15), and 4.07 times (95%CI: 2.89-5.73) higher risks of blood pressure abnormalities compared to the groups with the lowest quartile, respectively. Moreover, as the levels of TyG, TyG-BMI, and TyG-WC increased, the risk of blood pressure abnormalities gradually increased (P<0.05). A non-linear dose-response relationship was observed between TyG-BMI and the risk of blood pressure abnormalities (P overall trend<0.001, P non-linearity=0.002). Linear dose-response relationships were found between TyG and the risk of blood pressure abnormalities (P overall trend<0.001, P non-linearit =0.232), and between TyG-WC and the risk of blood pressure abnormalities (P overall trend<0.001, P non-linearity=0.224).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Higher levels of TyG and its derivatives are associated with an increased risk of blood pressure abnormalities in adolescents, with linear or non-linear dose-response relationships.

Wheat TaMYB1A Negatively Regulates the Phenylpropanoid Pathway and Plant Height / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

The phenylpropanoid pathway is one of the important pathways for synthesizing plant secondary metabolites, which can produce lignin, flavonoid, and sinapoylmalate. These compounds can not only affect the plant growth, development, and stress response, but also be used to produce perfume, pesticide, dye, medicine, feed, and biomass energy. R2R3-MYBs play important roles in regulating plant secondary metabolism, organ development, and in responding to environmental stresses. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important food crop, but lots of straw will be produced accompanied by grain yields. Therefore, elucidating the function and regulatory mechanism of R2R3 MYBs of wheat is crucial for the effective utilization of the wheat straw. RT-PCR results showed that TaMYB1A was highly expressed in the wheat stems, and the GFP-TaMYB1A fusion protein was mainly localized in the nucleus of the N. benthamiana epidermal cells. TaMYB1A has transcriptional repressive activity in yeast cells. In this study, TaMYB1A-overexpressed transgenic Arabidopsis lines were generated to elucidate the effect of overexpression of TaMYB1A on the biosynthesis of lignin and flavonoid. Our results suggested that overexpression of TaMYB1A inhibited the plant height (P < 0. 05) and decreased the lignin (P < 0. 05) and flavonoid (P < 0. 05) biosynthesis of the transgenic Arabidopsis plants significantly. TaMYB1A could bind to the promoters of the Arabidopsis At4CL1, AtC4H, AtC3H, and AtCHS as well as the wheat Ta4CL1 and TaC4H1 revealed by yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assasy, the transcriptional repressive effect of TaMYB1A on At4CL1, AtC4H, AtC3H, and AtCHS was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter systems and also on Ta4CL1 and TaC4H1 by a genetic approach. Gene chip and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that overexpression of TaMYB1A down-regulated the expression of most of the key genes involved in the phenylpropanoid metabolism and decreased the 4CL activity (P < 0. 05) of the transgenic Arabidopsis plants significantly. As suggested above, the wheat TaMYB1A belongs to the subgroup 4 R2R3 MYB transcription factors. TaMYB1A could bind to the promoters of the key genes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism, repress their expression and negatively regulate the phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway and plant height.

Lipoprotein apheresis in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: a single center research / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: We evaluated the safety and efficacy of lipoprotein apheresis (LA) in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) who can't reach low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) target goals with the maximal tolerated dose of lipid-lowering agents. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Between February 2015 and November 2019, patients with FH who were admitted in Fuwai hospital and treated with LA were consecutively enrolled. Based on intensive lipid-lowering agents, these patients received LA by double filtration plasma pheresis (DFPP) method. The changes of lipid levels such as LDL-C and lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)] were compared before and after LA treatment, and the changes of immunoglobulin (Ig) concentration and LA-related adverse effects were also discussed. Results: A total of 115 patients with FH were enrolled in this study, of which 8 cases were homozygous FH and 107 cases were heterozygous FH. The age was (43.9±12.2) years and there were 75 (65.2%) males, and 108 (93.8%) with coronary artery disease. For pre-and immediately after LA treatment, the LDL-C was (5.20±2.94) mmol/L vs. (1.83±1.08) mmol/L, Lp(a) concentration was 428.70(177.00, 829.50)mg/L vs. 148.90(75.90, 317.00) mg/L (P<0.001), with a decrease of 64.2% and 59.8% respectively. The levels of IgG and IgA measured 1 day after LA treatment were both in the normal range and IgM concentration was below the reference value, the reductions of which were 15.1%, 25.0% and 58.7% respectively (P<0.001). Six patients had mild symptoms of nausea, hypotension dyspnea and palpitation, the symptoms were relieved by symptomatic treatment. Conclusion: For patients with FH who do not achieve LDL-C target goal with the maximal tolerated lipid-lowering agents, especially those with elevated Lp(a) levels, LA, which can significantly further reduce LDL-C and Lp(a) levels, is an effective and safe option.

Seed oil of Brucea javanica induces apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in acute lymphocytic leukemia Jurkat cells / 中国天然药物

Brucea javanica oil emulsion (BJOE) has been used to treat tumor in China for more than 40 years. However, its components and effectiveness in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and its mechanism of anti-cancer activity remain unknown. In the current study, high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) was used to analyze the components of BJOE. Then, the anti-leukemia effects of BJOE were examined both in vitro and in vivo using ALL Jurkat cells and the p388 mouse leukemia transplant model, respectively. The primary ALL leukemia cells were also used to confirm the anti-leukemia effects of BJOE. The apoptotic-related results indicated that BJOE induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells and were suggestive of intrinsic apoptotic induction. Moreover, BJOE inhibited Akt (protein kinase B) activation and upregulated its downstream targets p53 and FoxO1 (forkhead box gene, group O-1) to initiate apoptosis. The activation of GSK3β was also involved. Our findings demonstrate that BJOE has anti-leukemia effects on ALL cells and can induce apoptosis in Jurkat cells through the phosphoinositide3-kinase (PI3K) /Akt signaling pathway.

Correlations study between grip strength, lung functions, six-minute walk test and left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with coronary artery disease / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of grip strength, three simple lung functions[functional volume capacity(FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1)and peak expiratory flow(PEF)], 6-minute walking distance test(6MWD)and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)for assessing overall integrative function in elderly versus non-elderly patients with coronary artery disease(CAD).Methods:A total of 35 hospitalized CAD patients aged 70.4±10.6 years from January 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively enrolled.Patients were divided into the non-elderly group(<65 years, n=8)and the elderly group(≥65 years, n=27). FVC, FEV1 and PEF were tested by a portable lung function machine.The grip strength, 6MWD, three simple lung functions(FVC, FEV1, PEF), LVEF and echocardiography were detected after admission.The above indexes were re-examined in outpatient clinic at 3 months after discharge.The results of above indexes were compared at admission versus at three months after discharge.The consistency and correlation between FVC, FEV1, PEF, 6MWD, grip strength and LVEF were analyzed.Results:The detected results of FVC, FEV1, PEF, 6MWD, left-hand grip strength, right-hand grip strength and LVEF showed no significant difference at admission versus at 3 months after discharge( P>0.05)in a total of 35 hospitalized CAD patients.Pearson bivariate correlation analysis showed that FVC, FEV1, PEF, left-hand and right-hand grip strength had pairwise correlation between them( P<0.01).6MWD had no correlation with LVEF.And LVEF was related with FVC and FEV( P<0.01), but not related with PEF, 6MWD and grip strength( P>0.05). The detective values of FVC, FEV1, PEF, 6MWD, left-hand and right-hand grip strength were lower in the elderly group than in the non-elderly group[(2.11±0.66 )L vs.(2.88±0.55) L, (1.74±0.46 )L vs.(2.62±0.49 )L, (5.50±1.79 )m/s vs.(8.22±1.59) m/s, (332.07±115.58)m vs.(446.14±99.81 )m, (25.14±7.87) vs.(35.15±8.30), (27.37±8.39 )kg vs.(38.37±10.20)kg, P<0.01]. LVEF had no significant difference between the two age groups. Conclusions:FVC, FEV1, PEF, 6MWD and grip strength are lower in elderly group than in non-elderly group.A comprehensive set of tests of grip strength, three simple lung function and 6MWT is helpful to evaluate the overall integrative function in elderly CHD patients.

The correlation between frailty and cardiac autonomic nervous function in elderly patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To assess the correlation between frailty and cardiac autonomic nervous system function in elderly patients.Methods:Elderly hospitalized patients aged 65 years and over were enrolled and assessed for frailty by using the clinical frailty scale.Cardiac autonomic modulation was evaluated by heart rate variability analysis through 24 h electrocardiogram recording.Results:A total of 180 elderly patients were enrolled in this study, including 66 patients with frailty and 114 patients without frailty.The mean age of the frailty group was higher than that of the non-frailty group(79.8±6.0 vs.75.0±6.3, t=5.030, P<0.001). The proportions of patients with hypertension, stroke/transient cerebral ischemia attack(TIA), heart failure and osteoarthritis were higher in the frailty group than in the non-frailty group(all P<0.05). Compared with the non-frailty group, the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals(SDNN)[103.0(76.0, 121.2) vs.107.5(92.0, 136.0), Z=-2.108, P=0.035], the standard deviation of the averages of NN intervals in all 5-min segments(SDANN)[86.0(67.7, 106.5) vs.97.5(78.0, 126.0), Z=-2.694, P=0.007], normalized low frequency(LFnorm)(53.1±13.0 vs.59.3±13.9, t=-3.024, P=0.003)and low frequency/high frequency(LF/HF)ratio[1.2(1.0, 1.4) vs.1.4(1.1, 1.7), Z=-3.041, P=0.002]were decreased and normalized high frequency(HFnorm)(36.8±9.2 vs.32.2±10.7, t=3.033, P=0.003)was increased in the frailty group.HFnorm in the frailty group was significantly higher than that in the non-frailty group.The incidents of SDANN<92 ms, LFnorm<50 nU, HFnorm>32 nU and LF/HF ratio<1.5 were higher in the frailty group than in the non-frailty group(59.1% or 39/66 vs.41.2% or 47/114, 42.4% or 28/66 vs.22.8% or 26/114, 72.7% or 48/66 vs.49.1% or 56/114, 84.8% or 56/66 vs.65.8% or 75/114, χ2=5.346, 7.660, 9.547, 7.664, P=0.021, 0.006, 0.002, 0.006). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that LFnorm, HFnorm and LF/HF ratio were correlated with frailty( OR=0.971, 1.039 and 0.333, all P<0.05), and HFnorm>32 nU and LF/HF ratio<1.5 were risk factors for frailty( OR=2.401 and 2.773, both P<0.05). Conclusions:Cardiac autonomic nerve system function is impaired in elderly frail patients, with the imbalance between the sympathetic and vagus nerves.Therefore particular attention should be paid to heart rate variability in elderly patients with frailty.

Cardiac autonomic nerve function in elderly patients with frailty / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To assess the cardiac autonomic nervous function in elderly patients with frailty.Methods:Patients aged ≥ 65 years old admitted in Beijing Hospital from September 2018 to August 2019 were enrolled in this study. Clinical frailty score was used to assess the frailty. The cardiac autonomic modulation was evaluated by sinus heart rate turbulence analysis through 24 h electrocardiogram recording.Results:A total of 129 elderly patients were finally enrolled in this study with a mean age of (77.5±6.4) years, 58.1% of them were male. There were 53 patients in frail group and 76 patients in non-frail group. The age of the frailty group was significantly higher than that of the non-frailty group [(80.5±5.5) vs.(75.3±6.2)]; the prevalence of hypertension [84.9%(45/53)], heart failure [32.1%(17/53)] and peripheral vascular diseases [32.1%(17/53)] in the frailty group was significantly higher than that in the non-frailty group [65.8%(50/76), 1.3%(1/76), 17.1%(13/76); t=5.001, χ 2=5.879, 24.606, 3.921; all P<0.05]. Compared with non-frailty group, turbulence onset (TO) [-0.05(-0.92, 0.82)% vs. -0.74(-1.58, 0)%; Z=2.616, P=0.009] was significantly higher in frailty group, while turbulence slope (TS) [2.34(1.30, 5.00)ms/RR vs. 4.34(2.66, 6.39)ms/RR; Z=-3.048, P=0.002] was significantly lower. The rate of TO abnormality [49.1% (26/53) vs. 26.3%(20/76), χ 2=7.038, P=0.008] and TS abnormality [34.7%(29/53) vs. 21.0%(16/76); χ 2=15.579, P<0.001] in the frailty group was significantly higher than that in the non-frailty group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that TO abnormality( OR=2.970, P=0.010, 95 %CI:1.300-6.785) and TS abnormality( OR=3.618, P=0.003, 95 %CI:1.565-8.364) were correlated with frailty. Conclusion:Cardiac autonomic nerve function may be impaired in elderly frail patients, and decreased vagal nerve tension may be presented.

Current situation and clinical strategy for treatment of coronary heart disease in the elderly / 中华老年医学杂志

The elderly patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)is progressively increasing along with population ageing in China.The elderly people possess unique clinical characteristics and pathophysiology.The clinical decision for the elderly with CHD may be different from that for the young with CHD.Different types of coronary heart disease are summarized, and data from clinical trials worldwide over the past 10 years are presented in this review in order to provide the basis for CHD treatment in the elderly.

Current situation and clinical strategy for treatment of coronary heart disease in the elderly / 中华老年医学杂志

The elderly patients with coronary heart disease(CHD) is progressively increasing along with population ageing in China.The elderly people possess unique clinical characteristics and pathophysiology.The clinical decision for the elderly with CHD may be different from that for the young with CHD.Different types of coronary heart disease are summarized,and data from clinical trials worldwide over the past 10 years are presented in this review in order to provide the basis for CHD treatment in the elderly.

Personality characteristics and blood Lipid levels in Infertility patients with depression / 医学研究生学报

Objective To discuss the personality characteristics and blood lipid levels in patients with infertility and depression,and further analyze the relationship between the degree of depression and the two aspects.Methods We selected 190 infertility patients and they were tested with Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) in Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology from December,2015 to December,2016.All the patients were allocated into depression group (with depression symptom) and non-depression group (without depression symptom).Blood lipid levels,including triglycerides (TG),total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) was applied to evaluate the personality traits in both groups.Results The patients in the depression group were mainly mild-to-moderate depression accouting for 64.4％,and patients with moderate to severe depression accouted for approximately 30.0％.The levels of TG and TC of patients in the depression group were significantly higher than those in the non-depression group(P＜0.01).The scores of neuroticism(N),validity scale(L) and psychoticism(P) of patients in the depression group were significantly higher than those in the non-depression group,while there was no significant difference in exextraversion (E) between the two groups.TG,E dimension,P dimension and L dimension were effective predictors of depression in infertile patients,and the Beta coefficient were 0.199,-0.240,0.424 and 0.220.Pearson partial correlation analysis showed that TG was positively correlated with P,N and L dimensions.Conclusion Infertility patients with depression may have dyslipidemia and personality changes.The degree of depression is positively correlated to the level of TG and the score of P and N.

Development of portable efficacy detector for battlefield treatment training / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop a portable pressure detector to facilitate the battlefield self and buddy aids training for dressing,hemostasis and fixation.Methods The changes of pressure were converted into the ones of electric current with the pneumatic cuff,catheter and membrane pressure sensor,and then transmitted to the panel display by Bluetooth.The efficacy for the training was determined based on the acquired data.Results The detector implemented quantifying of the pressures during dressing,hemostasis and fixation,and non-medical staff obtained the results of battlefield treatment training easily to execute rapid assessment of battlefield self and buddy aids training.Conclusion The device gains advantages in visualized data,portability,easy operation and accurate measurement,and contributes to battlefield self and buddy aids training.

Effects of mindfulness - based stress reduction on compliance in primary open angle glaucoma patients with topical medication / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the effects of mindfulness- based stress reduction ( MBSR ) on anxiety, compliance and visual function in primary open angle glaucoma( POAG) patients. ·METHODS:Totally 64 patients, who were treated with topical medication and were diagnosed with POAG in the department of ophthalmology at Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, were randomly divided into the intervention group ( n=32 ) and the control group ( n=32 ) . Both groups received conventional mental health education while the intervention group was complemented with MBSR intervention. The patient's anxiety status, compliance rates and MD before and after the intervention were evaluated. ·RESULTS:After the MBSR intervention, the scores of HAMA of the intervention group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0. 01). The compliance of patients in intervention group was higher than that of the control group (P<0. 01). ·CONCLUSION:The MBSR intervention can effectively relieve the anxiety of patients and improve the compliance in primary open angle glaucoma patients. It can be promoted and put into clinical application.

Identification of AMPK activator from twelve pure compounds isolated from Aralia Taibaiensis: implication in antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities

The root bark extract of Aralia taibaiensis is used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in China. The total saponin extracted from Aralia Taibaiensis (sAT) has effective combined antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities in experimental type 2 diabetic rats. However, the active compounds have not yet been fully investigated. In the present study, we examined effects of twelve triterpenoid saponins on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, and found that compound 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (AT12) significantly increased phosphorylation of AMPK and Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). AT12 effectively decreased blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in the rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The mechanism by which AT12 activated AMPK was subsequently investigated. Intracellular ATP level and oxygen consumption were significantly reduced by AT12 treatment. The findings suggested AT12 was a novel AMPK activator, and could be useful for the treatment of metabolic diseases.

Infection of Babesia in domestic animals in Western Yunnan Province, China / 中国人兽共患病学报

The objective of this study was to investigate Babesia infection among domestic animals in Western Yunnan Province and provide scientific evidence for developing control measures.A total of 1 073 domestic animals blood samples (274cattle,395 sheep,354 dogs,33 horses and 17 donkeys) were collected in 12 counties in Western Yunnan Province.Genomic DNA was extracted and a near full-length 18S rRNA gene sequence of Babesia was amplified by using nested PCR.Babesia species was identified by Blast program and phylogenetic tree.It was indicated that 50 samples were infected with Babesia,belonging to 5 species and with the infection rate of 4.66％.Among 274 cattle blood samples,11 were infected with Babesia (4.01％).Four of them were Babesia bovis and seven of them were Babesia bigemina.Among 395 sheep blood samples,38 were infected with Babesia (9.62 ％),37 of them were Babesia odocoilei-like parasites and 1 of them was Babesia capreoli-like parasites.Horses and donkeys were negative.In conclusion,domestic animals in Western Yunnan Province are infected with many kinds of Babesia,which threaten stock raising development and human health.It is necessary to strengthen prevention of babesiosis and investigate infection rate of babesiosis in human.

Promoting effect of intermedin and adrenomedullin on cerebral microcirculation in rat models of cerebral ischemia / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of intermedin ( IMD ) and adrenomedullin ( ADM ) on cerebral microcirculation in rats with cerebral ischemia. Methods Rat cerebral ischemia ( CI) model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion. 40 SPF male adult Sprague-Dawley ( SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups:CI+NS ( normal saline) group, CI+ADM group and CI+IMD group, which were used to observe the changes of brain surface microcirculatory perfusion with a laser Doppler flowmeter. Results The differences of brain surface microcirculatory perfusion were statistically significant among the CI+NS group, CI+ADM group and CI+IMD group ( F=53. 426, P<0. 05 ) . Multiple comparison showed that the brain surface microcirculatory perfusion in the CI+IMD group was higher than that of the CI+NS group and CI+ADM group. Conclusions Intermedin can improve the cerebral microcirculation in rats with cerebral ischemia, and its therapeutic effect is better than adrenomedullin.

Tuftsin can attenuates symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalo-myelitis mouse / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To explore whether Tuftsin can attenuates symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouses.Methods:C57BL/6 mice were immunized with MOG35-55 peptides,and evaluated for clinical neurological score every day .10 mice of the EAE were injected with Tuftsin subcutaneously .The spinal cord were stained by the methods of Haematoxylin Eosinstain , Luxol Fast Blue stain.The mRNA expression of IL-10 and TNF-αfrom brian tissue were detected at the 28 days by RT-PC method.Results:The controlled mice had no symptoms of disease and HE ,LFB were normal.Comparison EAE group with Tuftsin group of HE,LFB,EAE group were server than Tuftsin group.The expression of IL-10 in Tuftsin group was higher than EAE group.The expression of TNF-αin Tuftsin group was lower than EAE group .Conclusion: Tuftsin can attenuates symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouses .

Tuftsin-derivated TP affects MIP-1αexpression of tumor associated macrophages / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of TP on the expression of macrophages inflammatory protein ( MIP-1α) . Methods Total RNA of mouse Ana-1 cells and tumor associated macrophages were extracted, and MIP-1α mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Mouse S180-xenografts were established by injecting S180 cells subcutaneously into the double abdominal flanks of the mice. The postoperative residual tumor models were generated in the right abdominal tumors when tumors grew into 250 mm3 . Animals were treated with TP or CTX, and tumor tissues were separated and MIP-1α was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results There was no significant difference of the expression of MIP-1α between Ana-1 cells and TAMs. TP couldn’ t affect MIP-1αexpression in Ana-1 cells while it signifi-cantly decrease MIP-1α expression in TAMs in a dose-dependent manner. TP significantly decreased MIP-1αexpression of tumor tissue compared with control group. Conclusions MIP-1α will be a new target of TP anti-cancer. Simple cell line tests in vitro couldn’ t reveal the real state in vivo.

Effect of bifidobacterial adhesin on nuclear factor-κB and cytokines in intestinal mucosa of stressed rats / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of bifidobacterial adhesin (BA) on nuclear factor of κB (NF-κB) and cytokines of intestinal mucosa of stressed rats.Methods Forty-eight rats were divided into stress group (n =24) and BA group (n =24) using the stochastic indicator method.After the stressed rat models were established withfettering as the stress condition,the experiment lasted 8 days.Both groups were given enteral nutrition (EN) with heat 125.4 kJ/(kg · d) and nitrogen 0.2 g/(kg · d).The BA group was fed with EN plus 5 mg/ (kg · d) bifidobacterial adhesin,and the stress group was fed with EN plus equivalent volume of normal saline [5 mg/ (kg · d)].The levels of NF-κB,interleukin-10 (IL-10),tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α),and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were measured in both groups before modeling,after modeling,on the 3rd intervention day,and on the 8th intervention day.The changes in the morphology of intestinal mucosal were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Results (1) Expression of NF-κB:The positive expression rate of NF-κB in the intestinal mucosa was 0,79.2％,63.5％,and 66.7％ in the control group and 0,68.4％,55.7％,and 45.8％ in the BA group before modeling,after modeling,on the 3rd intervention day,and on the 8th intervention day.The expressions of NF-κB in both groups significantly increased after the modeling (both P =0.000).Even on the 3rd and 8th intervention days,the positive expression rates of NF-κB in the intestinal mucosa were still significantly higher than the pre-modeling level (both P =0.000).Compared with the levels after modeling and in the control group,the expression of NF-κB in the intestinal mucosa in the BA group on the 8th intervention day was significantly down-regulated (P =0.015,P =0.021).(2) Quantitative expressions of TNF-α and IFN-γ:Compared with the pre-modeling levels,the intestinal mncosa levels of TNF-α [stressed group:(154.63 ± 17.52) pg/g,(198.72 ±26.59) pg/g; BA group:(154.63 ±17.52) pg/g,(201.45 ±28.16) pg/g],IFN-γ [stressed group:(39.47 ±5.76) pg/g,(55.32 ±5.93) pg/g; BA group:(39.47 ± 5.76),(60.75 ± 7.68) pg/g] and the plasma levels of TNF-α [stressed group:(17.35±2.62) pg/g,(30.56±4.85) ng/L; BA group:(83.31 ±9.78) pg/g,(114.82±13.78) ng/L] and IFN-γ [stressed group:(17.35 ±2.62) pg/g,(28.73 ±4.17) ng/L; BA group:(17.35 ± 2.62) pg/g,(30.56 ± 4.85) ng/L] significantl increased (all P ＜ 0.05).On the 3rd and 8th intervention day,the intestinal mucosa levels of IFN-γ [(58.16 ± 7.38) pg/g,(56.37 ± 7.29) pg/g] and TNF-α [(215.76 ±31.54) pg/g and (211.83 ±33.61) pg/g] and plasma levels of IFN-γ [(29.35 ±4.76) ng/L,(30.25±3.67) ng/L] andTNF-α [(125.71 ±17.38) ng/L,(141.26±19.65) ng/L] in the stressed group were significantly higher than the pre-modeling levels (all P ＜ 0.05).On the 3rd and 8th intervention day,the intestinal mucosa levels of IFN-γ [(165.43 ± 24.58) pg/g,(171.57 ± 26.87) pg/g]and IFN-γ [(42.35 ±4.92) pg/g,(40.58 ±4.65) pg/g] and the plasma levels of TNF-α [(103.96 ±13.68) ng/L,(94.53±12.66) ng/L] and IFN-γ [(20.78±2.84) ng/L,(19.65±2.45) ng/L] in the BA group were significantly lower than the post-modeling levels (all P ＜ 0.05),whereas those of IL (intestinal mucosa:(62.82 ±8.34) pg/g,(75.16 ±9.65) pg/g; plasma:(43.32 ±5.28) ng/L,(55.64 ±6.87) ng/L] were significantly higher than the post-modeling levels (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the stressed group,the intestinal mucosa levels of TNF-α and IFN-γand plasma levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α significantly decreased while the IL-10 level significantly increased (all P ＜0.05) in the BA group.(3) Histomorphology showed that,compared that the ileal mucosal villi and crypt structure were recovered in the BA group on the 8th intervention day.Compared with the post-modeling conditions,the ileal mucosal villi and crypt structure were damaged in the stressed group,showing edema of the lamina propria,in which inflammatory cell infiltration was observed.Conclusions BA is helpful for the repair of the intestinal mucosa injury after stress by regulating the release of inflammatory mediators and cytokines of intestinal mucosa.

Effects of maternal exposure to nano-alumina during pregnancy on neurodevelopment in offspring mice / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of maternal exposure to nano-alumina during pregnancy on the neurodevelopment in offspring mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Female ICR mice began to be exposed to nano-alumina 10 d before mating, and the nano-alumina exposure lasted till offspring mice were born. All the female mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: solvent control group (saline), nano-carbon group (11.76 mg/ml), micro-alumina group (50 mg/ml), 50 nm alumina group (50 mg/ml), and 13 nm alumina group (50 mg/ml). All the mice were treated by nasal drip (10 µl/time) 3 times daily till offspring mice were born. Physiological indices, reflex and sensory function test, endurance test, Morris water maze test, positioning and navigation test, and open field test were used to evaluate the neurodevelopment of newborn mice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On day 28, the body weight of 13 nm alumina group (16.73±4.04 g) was significantly lower than that of solvent control group (20.45±2.50 g) (P<0.01); the 13 nm alumina group had significantly delayed time to ear opening compared with the solvent control group (4.91±0.78 d vs 4.45±0.50 d, P<0.01); compared with the solvent control group, the nano-carbon group, micro-alumina group, 50 nm alumina group, and 13 nm alumina group had significantly delayed time to eruption of teeth (10.05±0.23 d vs 10.32±0.48 d, 10.75±0.45 d, 10.32±0.47 d, and 10.79±0.49 d, P<0.05 or P<0.01). On days 4 and 7 after birth, compared with the solvent control group, other groups had significantly decreased proportions of mice which passed the cliff avoidance test (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). On days 12 and 14 after birth, compared with the solvent control group, the nano-carbon group, 50 nm alumina group, and 13 nm alumina group had significantly reduced pre-suspension time in the endurance test (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The Morris water maze and positioning and navigation tests showed that the 13 nm alumina group had a significantly increased 5 d incubation period compared with the solvent control group (P < 0.05); compared with the solvent control group, other groups had significantly reduced numbers of platform crossings (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The open field test showed that the nano-carbon group and 13 nm alumina group had reduced numbers of rearings compared with the solvent control group (P < 0.05); compared with the solvent control group, other groups had significantly reduced numbers of modifications (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Maternal exposure to nano-alumina (13 nm) during pregnancy has inhibitory effects on the physical development and early behavioral development in newborn mice and can also inhibit the learning and memory abilities and adaptability to new environment in offspring mice. The neurodevelopmental toxicity of nano-alumina to newborn mice increases as the particle sizes of nano-alumina decrease, which has been demonstrated by the endurance test and number of rearings.</p>

HPLC Fingerprint and LC-TOF-MS Analysis on Extract from Roots of Gentiana macrophylla / 中草药·英文版

Objective Establishing a fingerprint method to identify the characteristic chemicals in the roots of Gentiana macrophylla and evaluate their quality.Methods RP-HPLC was developed for fingerprint analysis and determination of four ingredients in G macrophylla roots from different sources.LC-ESI-TOF-MS was employed to identify the chromatographic peaks of the fingerprint.Results Five common peaks were identified by comparing their retention time with reference secoiridoid glucosides.Eight major peaks in chromatographic fingerprint were analyzed by on-line LC-ESI-TOF-MS.Four secoiridoid glucosides were identified based on their MS data.Conclusion The method is specific and could be served for the quality identification and comprehensive evaluation of G macrophylla.