Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiovascular and Autonomic Parameters in Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review

Negative changes in cardiovascular and autonomic variables in stroke survivors have encouraged the global scientific community to focus on investigating therapeutic strategies to mitigate stroke damage. The objective of the present study was to describe the effects of exercise training on cardiovascular and autonomic variables in stroke survivors. We used the PICO (population, intervention, control/comparison, and outcome variables) model for the search of articles in PubMed and Physiotherapy Evidence Databases from 2009 to December 2018. The following data were also recorded: type of study, author, year of publication, participants (time after stroke, sample size, and age) and benefits of exercise training. A total of 544 articles were initially selected, of which nine peer-reviewed articles met the search criteria. These nine studies enrolled 611 participants (middle-aged or elderly), and pointed to positive effects of training on maximal oxygen uptake, peak aerobic capacity, 6-minute walk test and resting heart rate. However, more well-controlled studies are needed to confirm the benefits of exercise training on cardiovascular and autonomic variables in this population

Efeito antimicrobiano in vitro de diferentes medicações endodônticas e própolis sobre Enterococcus faecalis / In vitro antimicrobial effect of different endodontic materials and propolis on Enterococus faecalis

Objetivos: Comparar a eficácia de três irrigantes utilizados no tratamento de canais radiculares e do extrato de própolis frente à Enterococcusfaecalis. Métodos: Foram utilizadas em teste de difusão em Agar as seguintes substâncias: extrato de própolis produzido pelas abelhas Scaptotrigona sp., hipoclorito de sódio 5%, hidróxido de cálcio e gel de clorexidina 2%. O diâmetro da zona de inibição bacteriana foi medidodepois de 24 horas e os dados foram analisados estatisticamente através do teste Kruskal Wallis. A amostra de extrato de própolis tambémfoi submetida ao teste de diluição para determinar a concentração inibitória mínima. Resultados: Os valores, em milímetros, das médias dos halos de inibição produzidos por difusão das amostras testadas foram: 21,3 (gelde clorexidina); 16,2 (hidróxido de cálcio); 10,9 (extrato de própolis); 7,2 (hipoclorito de sódio). Houve diferença estatística significante entre todas as substâncias testadas (p<0,001). O extrato de própolis apresentou a concentração inibitória mínima de 1mg/mL. Conclusão: O extrato de própolis apresentou uma boa atividade antimicrobiana, sendo maior que hipoclorito de sódio a 5%, entretanto, o gel de clorexidina foi o mais efetivo contra E. faecalis.

Objetivos: To compare the efficacy of three irrigants used in root canal treatment and of propolis extract against Enterococcus faecalis. Methods: The Agar diffusion test was used on the following substances: extract of propolis produced by Scaptotrigona sp., bees; 5% sodium hypochlorite, calcium hydroxide and 2% chlorhexidine gel. The diameter of the bacterial zone of inhibition was measured after 24 hours and the data were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal Wallis test. The propolis extract sample was also submitted to the dilution test to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. Results: The values, in millimeters, of the inhibition haloes produced by diffusion of the tested samples were as follows: 21.3 (chlorhexidine gel); 16.2 (calcium hydroxide); 10.9 (propolis extract); 7.2 (sodium hypochlorite). There was statistically significant difference among all the substances tested. (p<0.001). Propolis extract presented a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1mg/mL. Conclusion: Propolis extract presented good antimicrobial activity, being more active than 5% sodium hypochlorite, however, the chlorhexidine was the most effective agent.