Temporal-spatial Generation of Astrocytes in the Developing Diencephalon / 神经科学通报·英文版

Astrocytes are the largest glial population in the mammalian brain. However, we have a minimal understanding of astrocyte development, especially fate specification in different regions of the brain. Through lineage tracing of the progenitors of the third ventricle (3V) wall via in-utero electroporation in the embryonic mouse brain, we show the fate specification and migration pattern of astrocytes derived from radial glia along the 3V wall. Unexpectedly, radial glia located in different regions along the 3V wall of the diencephalon produce distinct cell types: radial glia in the upper region produce astrocytes and those in the lower region produce neurons in the diencephalon. With genetic fate mapping analysis, we reveal that the first population of astrocytes appears along the zona incerta in the diencephalon. Astrogenesis occurs at an early time point in the dorsal region relative to that in the ventral region of the developing diencephalon. With transcriptomic analysis of the region-specific 3V wall and lateral ventricle (LV) wall, we identified cohorts of differentially-expressed genes in the dorsal 3V wall compared to the ventral 3V wall and LV wall that may regulate astrogenesis in the dorsal diencephalon. Together, these results demonstrate that the generation of astrocytes shows a spatiotemporal pattern in the developing mouse diencephalon.

Blue Nevus Hidden within the Nevus of Ota / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

A 3-year-old boy presented with bluish patch and scattered blue spots on the left side of his face. After several sessions of laser treatment, the azury patch in the periorbital area became even darker. Histopathology showed many bipolar, pigment-laden dendritic cells scattered in the papillary and upper reticular dermis. Immunohistochemically, these cells were positive for S100, SOX-10, melan-A, P16, and HMB-45. The positive rate of Ki-67 was less than 5%. Finally, the lesion was diagnosed with nevus of Ota concurrent with common blue nevus. Therefore, for cases of the nevus of Ota with poor response to laser treatment, the possible coexisting diseases should be suspected.

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Genomics / 中国医学科学院学报

Clinical genomics mainly studies the clinical application of genomics in diagnosis,treatment decision,and prognosis prediction.Artificial intelligence enables the processing of complex and massive data in genomics which are difficult to be dealt with traditional algorithms and techniques.At present,artificial intelligence is involved in many tasks of clinical genomics,such as variant calling and classification,imaging and genetic diagnosis,electronic health record-based genetic diagnosis,and prediction of drug effect and adverse reaction.This review elaborates the application of artificial intelligence in different aspects of clinical genomics.

Effect Evaluation of Strychnos nux-vomica L. with Integrative Methods for Bortezomib-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Multiple Myeloma Patients: A Self-Controlled Clinical Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical effect and adverse reactions of Strychnos nux-vomica in bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BIPN) of patients with multiple myeloma (MM).@*METHODS@#A total of 19 MM patients with BIPN were enrolled and Nux Vomica Capsule (NVC, 0.4 g, thrice daily) were orally administrated for 30 days. Comparative analysis on parameters between pre- and post-therapy, including peripheral neuropathy (PN) grade, neurotoxicity score, Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome score, total neuropathy score (TNS), coagulation function, and serum nerve growth factor (NGF) levels were conducted. The adverse events were monitored.@*RESULTS@#In BIPN of MM patients who received NVC, PN grade was lowered, neurotoxicity score was obviously decreased (P⩽0.01), and both CM syndrome score and TNS were remarkably decreased (P0.05). No evident adverse reactions were observed during the course of treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#Strychnos nux-vomica L. has significantly effect with a good safety in treatment of BIPN in MM patients.

Clinical study on the treatment of high-risk BPH with hermo-expandable metallic prostate stent / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy and surgical experience of hermo-expandable metallic prostate stent in the treatment of elderly high-risk BPH patients.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed on 38 patients with BPH who underwent implantation of hermo-expandable metallic prostate stent from January 2017 to October 2018 in the General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command. The patients were 72 to 89 years old, with preoperative international prostatic symptom score (IPSS) of 25.6±4.1 points, maximum flow rate of urine (MRF) of (4.8±1.2) mL/s, and residual urine volume (RUV) (160.7±70.5) mL. Urinary catheters were placed in 7 patients for 4-8 days due to acute urinary retention.ResultsExcept for the failure in one case, all 37 patients were successfully implanted with the prostate stent at one time, and they urinated immediately after the operation without serious operation-related complications. Follow-up was conducted for 3 months, and the IPSS and RUV of the 37 patients were (15.6±4.3) and (40.7±12.9) mL respectively, which were significantly lower than those before the operation (P<0.05). MRF was (11.1±4.3) mL/s, significantly higher than that before surgery (P<0.05). 22 cases in this group were followed up for 2 years, and their IPSS, MRF and RUV were all stable.ConclusionThe thermo-expandable metallic prostate stent for the treatment of dysuria caused by BPH is effective, reliable and less traumatic. It is a preferred choice for the treatment of the aged BPH patients who are at a high risk and not suitable for surgery.

Efficacy of Moxifloxacin against in Zebrafish Model / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#Moxifloxacin (MFX) shows good activity against and can be a possible antibiotic therapy to treat infection; however, other studies have shown a lower or no activity. We aimed to evaluate MFX activity against using zebrafish (ZF) model .@*Methods@#A formulation of labeled with CM-Dil was micro-injected into ZF. Survival curves were determined by recording dead ZF every day. ZF were lysed, and colony-forming units (CFUs) were enumerated. Bacteria dissemination and fluorescence intensity in ZF were analyzed. Inhibition rates of MFX and azithromycin (AZM, positive control) were determined and compared.@*Results@#Significantly increased survival rate was observed with different AZM concentrations. However, increasing MFX concentration did not result in a significant decrease in ZF survival curve. No significant differences in bacterial burdens by CFU loads were observed between AZM and MFX groups at various concentrations. Bacterial fluorescence intensity in ZF was significantly correlated with AZM concentration. However, with increasing MFX concentration, fluorescence intensity decreased slightly when observed under fluorescence microscope. Transferring rates at various concentrations were comparable between the MFX and AZM groups, with no significant difference.@*Conclusion@#MFX showed limited efficacy against using ZF model. Its activity needs to be confirmed.

Gut Microbiome Differences between Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients and Healthy People / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To compare the differences in fecal flora among patients with esophageal cancer,gastric cancer,or colorectal cancer and between patients with gastrointestinal tumors and healthy people.Methods The 16S rRNA method was used to analyze the differences in fecal flora among 13 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,23 patients with gastric cancer,6 patients with colorectal cancer,and 49 healthy persons.Results Bifidobacterium,,and were less abundant in the fecal flora of cancer patients than in those of healthy controls(all <0.05).Some species of and were significantly reduced in the feces of patients with esophageal cancer or gastric cancer than in healthy people(<0.05),whereas others showed consistency with the intestinal cancer group.Anti-tumor treatment,antibiotics,and lactic acid could affect the fecal flora of cancer patients.Conclusion The gut microbiota compositions(mainly and )and some specific bacteria species in the feces of patients with esophageal cancer and gastric cancer are similar to those in the feces of patients with intestinal cancer,suggesting these bacteria may be involved in the development of upper gastrointestinal tumors.

Spiral thermo-expandable prostatic stent implantation for benign prostatic hyperplasia: Clinical analysis of 26 cases / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the surgical techniques and clinical effect of Memokath transurethral spiral thermo-expandable prostatic stent (STEPS) implantation in the treatment of BPH.@*METHODS@#From January 2017 to January 2018, 26 BPH patients underwent Memokath transurethral STEPS implantation, 9 under the flexible cystoscope and the other 17 under the rigid cystoscope. The patients were aged 62－91 years old, with a prostate volume of 32－78 ml, postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) of (67.3 ± 11.2) ml, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) of (6.3 ± 1.8) ml/s, and IPSS score of 26.7 ± 5.7. Eight of the patients had preoperative urinary retention, of whom, 6 received catheterization and 2 had undergone cystostomy for bladder fistula before STEPS implantation.@*RESULTS@#The operations lasted 15－30 minutes and were successfully completed in 24 cases while stent-shedding occurred in the other 2. Twenty-two of the patients achieved spontaneous urination immediately after surgery and 2 experienced bladder clot embolism. At 3 month after surgery, 24 of the patients showed significant improvement in PVR (［21.4 ± 7.7］ ml), Qmax (［18.3 ± 4.7］ ml/s) and IPSS (8.3 ± 2.1), and 13 exhibited no statistically significant difference from the baseline in the IIEF-5 score (14.1 ± 1.1 vs 14.3 ± 1.0, P > 0.05). At 12 months, all the patients were found with markedly improved urination but no adverse events except recurrent urinary tract infection in 2 cases.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Memokath STEPS implantation, with its advantages of simple operation, high safety, definite effectiveness, non-influence on sexual function, is a new effective surgical option for the treatment of BPH.

Analysis of curative effect of Kangfu Xiaoyan suppository in 166 cases of postpartum rehabilitation / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To observe the curative effect of Kangfu Xiaoyan suppository on the recovery of uterus andpostpartum pain in postpartum women.METHODS: A total of 166 cases of postpartum women were divided into cesareansection group and normal delivery group,and each group was again divided into treatment group and control group.Thenthe women in treatment group were given the rectum use of Kangfu Xiaoyan suppository in the morning and evening 12 hours after delivery.The effects on uterine recovery,vaginal bleeding and postpartum pain were compared among eachgroup.RESULTS: The amount of vaginal bleeding and the scores of uterine contraction pain and anus drop pain incaesarean section treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group in three days after surgery(P <0.05).The descending height of the uterine at the first day after delivery was not significantly different from that of thecontrol group;on the second and third day,the descending height was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The amount of vaginal bleeding,the scores of uterine contraction pain and anus drop pain in normal deliverytreatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group in three days after surgery(P<0.05).Descendingheight of uterine floor in normal delivery treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group on thefirst day,the second day and the third day(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in proportion of labium and labiaswelling between the two groups on the first day of postpartum,but on the second and third day was significantly lowerthan that of the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Kangfu Xiaoyan suppository is an ideal Chinese patent medicinefor postpartum rehabilitation of postpartum woman.

Analysis of the relationship between prenatal bleeding and pregnancy outcome of placenta previa / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of antepartum haemorrhage on pregnancy outcomes in placenta previa cases.METHODS: A total of 404 cases of placenta previa in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from Oc-tober 2012 to December 2017 were compared. The high-risk factors of prenatal hemorrhage were analyzed,and pregnan-cy outcomes were compared between no-bleeding group(n=254)and repeated-bleeding group(n=150).RESULTS: Uni-variate Logistic regression analysis suggested:when the number of gravidity and uterine cavity operation reached 3 times,prenatal bleeding risk was higher than those less than 3 times(OR=1.937,95%CI 1.054-3.562;OR=2.174,95%CI1.050-4.504),respectively.The risk of prenatal hemorrhage was the highest at 28-<32 weeks of gestation,and the riskof of prenatal bleeding decreased with the increase of gestational weeks.The risk of prenatal hemorrhage in patients withplacenta previa was higher than that in patients with posterior wall placenta(OR=3.978,95%CI 2.220-7.195).The riskof prenatal hemorrhage in women with central placenta previa was higher than that in women with marginal or partial pla-centa(OR=3.346,95%CI 2.050-5.460).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis suggested:the risk of recurrent prenatalbleeding in central placenta previa was higher than that in marginal and partial ones(OR=3.344,95%CI 1.955-5.722).The risk of prenatal bleeding in placenta previa was higher than that in posterior wall placenta(OR=3.954,95%CI 2.196-7.387).The risk of prenatal bleeding was significantly re-duced at ≥36 weeks of gestation,and the risk was signifi-cantly lower than that at other gestational weeks(OR=0.086,95% CI 0.030-0.240).The emergency operationrisk of pregnant women with repeated prenatal hemor-rhage was higher than that of those without prenatal hemorrhage(OR=252,95%CI 60.173-1055.359),and the risk of using blood products was higher than no-bleeding group(OR=2.103,95%CI 1.394-3.171).Compared with women in no-bleeding group,the risk of low birth weight,and mildand severe asphyxia of the newborn increased(OR=7.982,95%CI 2.410-26.426),(OR=2.987,95%CI 1.529-5.837)and(OR=13.941,95%CI 1.690-114.626),respectively,and the risk of admission and treatment in neonatal intensive careunit(NICU)was increased in repeated-bleeding group(OR=3.379,95%CI 2.102-5.430).CONCLUSION: The risk factorsof prenatal haemorrhage of placenta previa are gravidity,uterine cavity operation,gestational weeks at termination ofpregnancy,and placental type and position;central placenta and anterior placenta are independent risk factors for in-creasing prenatal bleeding;repeated prenatal bleeding increases the risk of using blood products,low birth weight of thenewborn,neonatal asphyxia and neonatal NICU admission.

Curcumin Increases the Chemosensitivity of Multiple Myeloma to Bortezomib by Inhibiting the Notch1 Signaling Pathway / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluated the effect of curcumin on the bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells and the expression of Notch1 signaling pathway, in order to further explore its potential mechanism.@*METHODS@#Curcumin, bortezomib, and curcumin combined bortezomib were added into RPMI 8266, U266, 5 nmol/L bortezomib-resistant RPMI 8266 (RPMI 8226-V5R), 5 nmol/L bortezomib-resistant U 266 (U266-V5R) and CD138+ plasma cells respectively. The cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. the apoptotic rate was determined by flow cytometry, and the Western blot was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Then, the expression of Notch1 in cells was inhibited by notch1 inhibitor DAPT and RNA interference, the above-motioned experiments should be repeated.@*RESULTS@#Compared with single drug-treated groups, the treatment with 2 drugs could further inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis and enhance the inhibition effect on notch1 signaling pathway (P<0.05), while the inhibiting Notch1 signaling pathway could reduce cell proliferation and increase the expression of cleaved caspase-3.@*CONCLUSION@#Curcumin can increase chemosensitivity of myeloma cells to bortezomib, this effect may be related to the inhibition of Notch1.

Effect of Alpha2-macroglobulin on Anti-Oxidation and Anti-Fibrosis in Human Skin Fibroblasts after X-ray Irradiation / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective]To explore the effect of alpha2-macroglobulin(α2M)on superoxide anion(.O2-)content, superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and the process of cell-to-myofibroblast transformation in human skin fibroblasts (HSF)after X-ray irradiation.[Methods]HSF cells were irradiated with 0,5,10,15 and 20 Gy X-ray.The change of. O2- content and SOD activity in the supernatant of cell culture medium were measured on the first day after irradiation. The protein expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)was detected by Western blot on the fifth day after irradia-tion.The most sensitive radiation dose is selected.HSF cells were irradiated with the above sensitive dose.Respectively, 1h before irradiation,1 h after irradiation,the experimental group cell culture medium was added to a final concentration of 0.25 mg/mL,0.5 mg/mL of α2M.The change of.O2-content,SOD activity and the protein expression of α-SMA were detected.[Results]HSF cells were irradiated with 5~20 Gy doses of X-ray..O2- content increased,SOD activity de-creased and α-SMA protein expression increased gradually(P<0.05).The addition of α2M at 1 h after 10Gy X-ray irradi-ation reduced the.O2- content,increased the SOD activity and downregulated the protein expression of α-SMA in HSF cells(P<0.05). There was no significant change in the administration at 1 h before irradiation.[Conclusion]HSF cells increased.O2-content significantly,while SOD activity decreased,and the tendency to transform myofibroblasts after X-ray irradiation.α2M can reduce the.O2-content,increase the SOD activity in HSF cells and inhibit the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts after irradiation.Indicating that α2M can play a role in radiation protection by anti-oxida-tion and anti-fibrosis.

Clinical Analysis of 25 Cases of Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features,treatment,and prognosis of patients with malignant peritoneal mesothelioma(MPM). Methods Clinical data of 25 MPM patients admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1993 to 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The mean age of these 25 patients with pathologically confirmed MPM(epithelioid subtype) was 50 years.The tumors were diffuse in 24 patients(96%) and localized in 1 patient(4%).Cytoreductive surgery was performed in 6 patients(24%),intraperitoneal chemotherapy in 12 patients(48%),and systemic chemotherapy in 24 patients(96%).The median overall survival was 26 months,with 1-year survival rate of 74.2% and 5-year survival rate of 16.7%.Cytoreductive surgery or intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy showed a significant survival advantage over intraperitoneal or intravenous chemotherapy alone(P=0.046,P=0.005).Cytoreductive surgery(P=0.018) showed statistical significance by multivariate analysis as a predictive factor in survival(hazard rate=6.889;95%CI=1.386-34.247).Conclusions MPM has its diverse clinical manifestations.Patients after cytoreductive surgery have longer survival time.Chemotherapy drugs(except for pemetrexed) and targeted therapy may be promising treatments.Cytoreductive surgery is an independent prognostic factor.

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Adverse Drug Reactions among Previously Treated Tuberculosis Patients in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

We assessed the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) with anti-TB medications and evaluated the risk factors for developing ADRs in previously treated tuberculosis patients in China. All patients received the first-line anti-TB regimen (2HREZS/6HRE) as recommended by the national guidelines. Clinical and laboratory evaluations were performed once a month. Out of the 354 participants, 262 (74.0%) experienced ADRs such as hyperuricemia (65.0%, 230/354), hepatotoxicity (6.2%, 22/354) and hearing disturbances (4.8%, 17/354). ADRs were significantly associated with diabetes mellitus [OR (95% CI): 15.5 (2.07-115.87)]; however, weight more than 50 kg [OR (95% CI): 0.41 (0.22-0.85)] was a protective factor for occurrence of ADRs. Hyperuricemia is the most common adverse event but, most patients with hyperuricemia showed increased tolerance for high uric acid levels. Low body weight and diabetes mellitus increased the risk of the occurrence of ADRs during anti-TB treatment.

RNA simultaneous and amplification testing versus the culture method for detecting Ureaplasma urealyticum infection / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the value of real-time RNA simultaneous amplification and testing (SAT) in the detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) in the semen of infertile males and its clinical significance.@*METHODS@#We collected semen samples from 542 infertility patients and 120 normal fertile men as controls in the Andrology Clinic of Nanjing General Hospital from March to September 2015. We detected UU infection in the samples using the culture method and SAT technology, respectively.@*RESULTS@#All the UU positive cases (except 4 false positive cases) detected by the culture method were also shown to be positive in SAT. The UU detection rate of SAT was significantly higher than that of the culture method both in the infertility patients (54.1 vs 19.7%, P<0.05) and in the normal controls (42.5 vs 12.5%, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#SAT is a rapid and accurate method for detecting UU infection in semen samples, with a higher sensitivity and accuracy than the culture method, and it can also be used to evaluate the therapeutic effects. However, the culture method has its own advantages, such as low requirement of technical equipment, easy operation, and possibility of drug sensitivity test at the same time. Therefore, SAT and the culture method can be used alternatively according to the clinical need.

Ultrasound-guided open nephron sparing surgery without renal artery occlusion for central renal tumors / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

From January 2008 to January 2013, 11 patients with central renal tumors underwent ultrasound-guided open nephron sparing surgery (ONSS) without renal artery occlusion. We removed the lesions, and the cut edges of the tumors were negative. Thus, we deduced that ultrasound-guided ONSS is suitable for the cases with obscure tumor boundary or multiple lesions. It could achieve the purpose of thoroughly removing lesions, as well as to expand the application range of nephron sparing surgery.

Comparison of NT-proBNP in the diagnosis of acute heart failure in different age groups / 重庆医学

Objective To analyze the influence of age on the diagnosis of acute heart failure (AHF) with amino terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) ,and to explore the best cut‐off value of NT‐proBNP in the diagnosis of AHF .Methods Totally 457 inpatients suspected with AHF obtained a blood NT‐proBNP measurement within 24 hours when in charged ,including 194 patients with AHF .Patients were divided into three groups according to their age :≤50 years ,>50-70 years and >70 years . The relationship between NT‐proBNPand AHF was analyzed .The diagnostic value of NT‐proBNP was evaluated for AHF in differ‐ent age groups .Results The median NT‐proBNP levels of AHF in all age groups were significantly higher than those without (P50-70 years and >70 years groups were 0 .95 ,0 .91 ,0 .88 ,the best diagnos‐tic cut‐off points were 1 100 ,1 800 ,3 000 pg/mL ,respectively .The diagnostic specificity was 88% ,76% and 73% ,respectively .O‐verall ,the specificity of NT‐proBNP cut‐off values for age group was higher than non‐age groups .Conclusion NT‐proBNP has a good value in the diagnosis of AHF in patients with different ages .According to the age group ,the different NT‐proBNP cut‐off values can be used to improve the specificity of diagnosis .

Ultrasound-guided open nephron sparing surgery without renal artery occlusion for central renal tumors / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

From January 2008 to January 2013, 11 patients with central renal tumors underwent ultrasound-guided open nephron sparing surgery (ONSS) without renal artery occlusion. We removed the lesions, and the cut edges of the tumors were negative. Thus, we deduced that ultrasound-guided ONSS is suitable for the cases with obscure tumor boundary or multiple lesions. It could achieve the purpose of thoroughly removing lesions, as well as to expand the application range of nephron sparing surgery.

Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy versus laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for the management of prostate cancer / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP) with laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) in the treatment of prostate cancer and investigate the clinical application value of RLRP.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed 70 cases of prostate cancer treated by RALRP and another 32 cases treated by LRP. We compared the operation time, intraoperative blood loss and transfusion, catheter-indwelling time, postoperative hospital stay, incisal margin positive rate, biochemical recurrence, and normal postoperative urinary continence and penile erectile function between the two groups of patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the operations were successfully accomplished. RALRP exhibited a significant superiority over LRP in intraoperative blood loss and transfusion, catheter-indwelling time, and postoperative hospital stay, urinary continence and erectile function (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, with its advantages of few postoperative complications and well-preserved urinary continence and penile erectile function, is an effective, safe and minimally invasive surgical option for prostate cancer.</p>

Anti-inflammatory Effect of Xinfeng Capsule on Adjuvant Arthritis Model Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the anti-inflammatory effect of Xinfeng capsule on adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats. METH-ODS:70 SD rats were randomized into a normal control group(isovolumetric normal saline),a model control group(isovolumet-ric normal saline),a positive control TCM group [Qufeng zhitong capsule 0.4 g(crude drug)/kg],a positive control chemical medi-cine group(Leflunomide tablet 2.1 mg/kg)and groups of low,middle and high doses of Xinfeng capsule,which were respectively marked as groups A,B,C,D,E,F and G. All groups of rats except for Group A were given freund’s complete adjuvant intracu-taneous injection to establishe AA models,and from the 12th day after the inflammation was induced,were given the correspond-ing drug,ig,for 28 consecutive days. The degree of toe swelling and arthritis index were determined and calculated for all groups of rats before and after the administration. The contents of interleukin 1β(IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) in serum and synovial membrane of all groups of rats were determined 24 h after the last administration,and pathomorphological changes of their ankles were observed by light microscope. RESULTS:Compared to group A,group B demonstrated higher degree of toe swelling,arthritis index and contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum and synovial membrane,with statistical significance(P<0.01). After the administration,the degree of toe swelling and arthritis index of groups C,D,E,F and G reduced,with statistical signifi-cance(P<0.05). Compared to group B,groups C,D,E,F and G showed lower degree of toe swelling,arthritis index and con-tents of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum and synovial membrane,with statistical significance(P<0.01 or P<0.05). Synovial membrane hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration were noted in the ankle tissue of the rats in group B,and such symptoms were not so serious in groups C,D,F and G. CONCLUSIONS:Xinfeng capsule has anti-inflammatory effect for AA rats by a mechanism which may be related to accelerating synoviocyte apoptosis and inhibiting synovial membrane hyperplasia.