Diagnóstico del proceso de reafirmación profesional, en la carrera de Cultura Física, en Granma

La formación de profesionales, con elevada calidad, es tarea esencial de la Educación Superior, por lo que de manera permanente se demanda de graduados comprometidos con los procesos de desarrollo, donde quedan evidenciados los conocimientos, habilidades y valores en los que se han formado. El diagnóstico tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la situación de la orientación y reafirmación profesional (consolidación de los motivos e intenciones profesionales) en el proceso de estudio de la carrera Licenciatura en Cultura Física, en Granma; a partir de tres dimensiones: pedagógica, psicológica y sociológica. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos y empíricos que mostraron insuficiencias en las acciones planificadas en las estrategias educativas y en el plan de trabajo metodológico de las diferentes disciplinas, un limitado aprovechamiento de las potencialidades del contenido y las actividades extensionistas y bajos niveles de satisfacción por el estudio de la Carrera; lo que se manifestó en la no selección de una esfera de actuación para el futuro desempeño profesional, y en los elevados niveles de deserción de los estudiantes, en los dos primeros años de formación.

A formação de profissionais, com elevada qualidade, é uma tarefa essencial do Ensino Superior, razão pela qual existe uma procura permanente de licenciados comprometidos com processos de desenvolvimento, onde se evidenciam os conhecimentos, competências e valores em que foram formados. O objetivo do diagnóstico foi caracterizar a situação de orientação e reafirmação profissional (consolidação de motivos e intenções profissionais) no processo de estudo do Bacharelado em Cultura Física, no Granma; a partir de três dimensões: pedagógica, psicológica e sociológica. a corrida; o que se manifestou na não seleção de uma esfera de atuação para futura atuação profissional, e nos elevados índices de evasão estudantil, nos dois primeiros anos de formação.

The training of professionals, with high quality, is an essential task of Higher Education, which is why there is a permanent demand for graduates committed to development processes, where the knowledge, skills and values in which they have been trained are evidenced. The objective of the diagnosis was to characterize the situation of professional guidance and reaffirmation (consolidation of professional motives and intentions) in the process of studying the Bachelor's degree in Physical Culture, in Granma; from three dimensions: pedagogical, psychological and sociological. Theoretical and empirical methods were applied that showed insufficiencies in the planned actions in the educational strategies and in the methodological work plan of the different disciplines, a limited use of the potential of the content and extension activities and low levels of satisfaction with the study of the career; which was manifested in the non-selection of a sphere of action for future professional performance, and in the high levels of student dropout, in the first two years of training.

Managing Low and Moderate Risk Obesity: Insights from a Colombian Reference Center's Experience with Liquid-Filled Intragastric Balloons

Introduction: Liquid-filled intragastric balloons (IGBs) have emerged as a safe and effective option for managing overweight and obesity. However, there is limited information available regarding the implementation of liquid IGBs in individuals with low- and moderate-risk obesity. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the implementation of liquid IGBs in low- and moderate-risk obese individuals in terms of weight loss, safety, and tolerance at four, six, and twelve months of treatment. Materials and methods: This prospective, descriptive observational study included 109 subjects with low- and moderate-risk obesity (body mass index [BMI] of 30-40 kg/m2), who underwent endoscopic implantation of liquid-filled IGBs. The variables analyzed included sex, age, initial and final weight, percentage of weight loss, and side effects. Results: Out of the 109 subjects, 75.22% were women. The average weight at baseline was 87.22 kg, with an average BMI of 31.59 kg/m2. Three different brands of IGBs were used: Orbera (n=103), Spatz3 (n=3), and Elipse (n=3). The average weight loss showed significant differences when analyzed by months and brands-Ellipse: four months (-4.6 kg), Spatz3: three months (-7 kg), Orbera: six months (15.2 kg), Orbera: twelve months (19.7 kg). The average reduction in BMI achieved was 27.71 kg/m2. The complication rate was 2.75%, with two cases (1.83%) attributed to intolerance (abdominal pain) and one case due to acute appendicitis (0.91%). Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that liquid-filled IGBs are a safe and effective procedure for managing low- and moderate-risk obesity. A minimum duration of twelve months with an IGB implantation is considered optimal for individuals with low- and moderate-risk obesity.

Introducción: los balones intragástricos (BIG) de llenado líquido han surgido como una opción segura y eficaz para el manejo de sobrepeso y obesidad. En nuestro medio hay poca información acerca de su implementación en obesidad de riesgo bajo y moderado. Objetivo: evaluar la implementación del BIG de contenido líquido en individuos con obesidad de riesgo bajo y moderado en términos de pérdida de peso, seguridad y tolerancia a 4, 6 y 12 meses de tratamiento. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional prospectivo y descriptivo, se incluyeron a 109 sujetos con obesidad de riesgo bajo y moderado (índice de masa corporal [IMC] de 30 a 40 kg/m2), a quienes se les implantó por vía endoscópica un BIG de llenado líquido. Se analizaron las variables de sexo, edad, peso inicial y final, porcentaje de pérdida de peso y efectos secundarios. Resultados: 109 sujetos, 75,22% correspondieron a mujeres, el peso promedio fue de 87,22 kg, con IMC promedio de 31,59 kg/m2. Se usaron tres marcas (Orbera, n: 103; Spatz, 3, n: 3; y Elipse, n: 3). La pérdida de peso promedio presentó diferencias importantes al analizar por meses y marcas: Elipse: 4 meses (-4,6 kg), Spatz 3: 3 meses (-7 kg), Orbera: 6 meses (15,2 kg), Orbera: 12 meses (19,7 kg). Se logró la reducción del IMC promedio a 27,71 kg/m2. La tasa de complicaciones fue del 2,75%, 2 (1,83%) por intolerancia (dolor abdominal) y una por apendicitis aguda (0,91%). Conclusiones: El BIG de llenado líquido es un procedimiento seguro y eficaz. Un período de implantación del BIG de al menos 12 meses se considera óptimo para obesidad de riesgo bajo y moderado.

Guía de práctica clínica para el manejo de la pancreatitis aguda en el seguro social del Perú (Essalud)

El presente artículo resume la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para el manejo de la pancreatitis aguda en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud). Su objetivo es proveer recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para el manejo de la pancreatitis aguda en EsSalud. Se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó médicos especialistas y metodólogos. El GEG formuló 7 preguntas clínicas a ser respondidas por la presente GPC. Se realizó búsquedas sistemáticas de revisiones sistemáticas y -cuando fue considerado pertinente- estudios primarios en PubMed durante el 2022. Se seleccionó la evidencia para responder cada una de las preguntas clínicas planteadas. La certeza de la evidencia fue evaluada usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). En reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó la metodología GRADE para revisar la evidencia y formular las recomendaciones, los puntos de buenas prácticas clínicas y flujogramas correspondientes. Finalmente, la GPC fue aprobada con Resolución N° 105-IETSI-ESSALUD-2022. La presente GPC abordó 7 preguntas clínicas sobre fluidoterapia, momento de inicio de nutrición enteral, analgesia, tipo de nutrición, tratamiento antibiótico y quirúrgico. En base a dichas preguntas se formularon 8 recomendaciones (1 fuerte y 7 condicionales), 13 BPC, y 1 flujograma. El presente artículo resume la metodología y las conclusiones basadas en evidencia de la GPC para el manejo de la pancreatitis aguda en EsSalud.

This article summarizes the clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the management of acute pancreatitis in the Social Security of Peru (EsSalud), to provide evidence-based clinical recommendations for the management of acute pancreatitis in EsSalud. A guideline development group (GEG) was formed that included medical specialists and methodologists. The GEG formulated 7 clinical questions to be answered by this CPG. Systematic searches of systematic reviews and -when considered relevant-primary studies were carried out in PubMed during 2022. The evidence was selected to answer each of the clinical questions posed. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodic work meetings, the GEG used the GRADE methodology to review the evidence and formulate the recommendations, the points of good clinical practice, and the corresponding ow charts. Finally, the CPG was approved with Resolution No. 105-IETSI-ESSALUD-2022. This CPG addressed 7 clinical questions on buid therapy, start of enteral nutrition, analgesia, type of nutrition, antibiotic, and surgical treatment. Based on these questions, 8 recommendations (1 strong and 7 conditional), 13 BPCs, and 1 flowchart were formulated. This article summarizes the methodology and evidence-based conclusions of the CPG for the management of acute pancreatitis in EsSalud.

Conjunctival collagen crosslinking for the management of bleb leak

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of collagen crosslinking of filtering blebs with 0.1% riboflavin stimulated with ultraviolet A radiation in a case of a thin-walled filtering bleb with leakage following an episode of late blebitis. The time to cessation of the bleb leakage was studied, as well as the intraocular pressure, the visual acuity, and the presence of adverse effects during 4 years of follow-up after treatment. A single session of crosslinking was effective in resolving the leakage of the filtering bleb. There were no adverse effects. The intraocular pressure and the visual acuity remained stable after 4 years of follow-up. Collagen crosslinking with 0.1% riboflavin stimulated with ultraviolet A radiation may prove to be a simple, painless, non-invasive, and repeatable treatment of the leaking bleb with the aim of strengthening the collagen fibers of the conjunctiva and avoiding more invasive surgical treatments.

Experiencia en colangioscopia digital peroral con SpyGlass DS en diferentes centros de referencia en gastroenterología y endoscopia digestiva en Colombia: Serie de casos

SpyGlass DS es un sistema de colangioscopia peroral, asociado a mejor calidad de imagen y conFiguración. Actualmente, existe diversidad en su uso y escasa información sobre su implementación, incluyendo resultados clínicos y eventos adversos. Describir la experiencia de uso del SpyGlass DS en varios centros de referencia en gastroenterología en Colombia, mencionando eficacia y posibles eventos adversos. Este es un estudio observacional (serie de casos). La principal indicación fue coledocolitiasis (n:204), seguida de estenosis biliar (n:40) y pancreatolitiasis (n:16). 49,2% fueron hombres, edad media de 58,6 años, clínicamente con predominio de dolor abdominal (80,5%) e ictericia (86,1%). Todos los casos presentaron diagnóstico por imagen previo (tomografía computarizada, resonancia magnética o ecografía), 98,07% colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica previa (n:255) y 75% stent plástico biliar. Se utilizó láser en 78/220 pacientes y litotricia electrohidráulica en 142/220 pacientes, con tasas de resolución en una sola sesión 96,15% y 95,07%, respectivamente. Siete casos requirieron segunda sesión de litotricia y 3 pacientes requirieron manejo quirúrgico, uno por pancreatolitiasis con páncreas divisum de base y 2 por hepatolitiasis. 40/260 pacientes presentaron estenosis biliar, 32/40 con hallazgos malignos (colangiocarcinoma) y 8/40 con patología benigna (colangitis esclerosante primaria, cambios inflamatorios inespecíficos) tras estudios histopatológicos. Como complicaciones, se registraron 6 casos de bacteriemia (2,5%), siendo más frecuentes en casos de estenosis. La estancia media postoperatoria fue 2,04 días. Concluimos que el uso del SpyGlass DS es factible en nuestro medio, siendo eficaz para diagnóstico y tratamiento de lesiones biliares, y con bajo riesgo de eventos adversos.

SpyGlass DS is a peroral cholangioscopy system, associated with improved image quality and conFiguration. Currently, there is diversity in its use and little information on its implementation, including clinical outcomes and adverse events. To describe the experience of using SpyGlass DS in several gastroenterology reference centres in Colombia, mentioning efficacy and possible adverse events. This is an observational study (case series). The main indication was choledocholithiasis (n:204), followed by biliary stricture (n:40) and pancreatolithiasis (n:16). 49.2% were male, mean age 58.6 years, clinically with predominance of abdominal pain (80.5%) and jaundice (86.1%). All cases had previous imaging (CT scan, MRI or ultrasound), 98.07% previous endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (n:255) and 75% biliary plastic stent. Laser was used in 78/220 patients and electrohydraulic lithotripsy in 142/220 patients, with single-session resolution rates of 96.15% and 95.07%, respectively. Seven cases required a second lithotripsy session and 3 patients required surgical management, one for pancreatolithiasis with basal pancreas divisum and 2 for hepatolithiasis. 40/260 patients presented with biliary stricture, 32/40 with malignant findings (cholangiocarcinoma) and 8/40 with benign pathology (primary sclerosing cholangitis, non-specific inflammatory changes) after histopathological studies. As complications, 6 cases of bacteraemia (2.5%) were recorded, being more frequent in cases of stenosis. The mean postoperative stay was 2.04 days. We concluded that the use of SpyGlass DS is feasible in our setting, being effective for diagnosis and treatment of biliary lesions, and with low risk of adverse events.

Hablando de comunicación y educación con una publicista. Una investigación narrativa

La comunicación y la educación juegan un papel importante e imprescindible en nuestras vidas; en nuestra cotidianeidad. Los medios de comunicación y los nuevos medias (Internet) han cambiado la forma de convivir y el mundo se reduce al número de pulgadas que tienen las pantallas. Con la intención de conocer y comprender para mejorar, optamos por la metodología cualitativa-narrativa, con la finalidad de compartir la palabra con una experta de la comunicación/publicidad y profesora de Universidad. Una personapreocupada por contribuir al conocimiento y mejorar la comunicación y la educación actual; quienve posible, o necesaria, una transformación crítica de la sociedad. Destacamos sus pareceres, pues presenta a un público como consumidor y poco responsable del hecho comunicativo, falto de alfabetización y envuelto por la tecnología. Además, ¿qué se hace desde los organismos que podrían establecer un poco de lucidez en este entramado comunicativo y educativo? No obstante, la convicción de un cambio no se pierde; pues, según la informante, se hace necesaria. Mientras que todos tenemos nuestra parcela de responsabilidad en esto de la comunicación para la educación.

Surgical mobilization of an arterial embolus in cilioretinal artery occlusion

We describe an effective surgical approach for the management of cilioretinal artery occlusion. A 23?G pars plana vitrectomy assisted with two soft tip cannulas was performed. One cannula pressed the cilioretinal artery branch directed toward the macula, distal to the location of the embolus, whereas the other cannula was used to gently swipe over the cilioretinal artery proximal to the occlusion. Anatomical and functional outcomes were evaluated by fundus examination, fluorescein angiography, Goldmann visual field, and best?corrected visual acuity (BCVA). It was possible to mobilize the embolus by mechanical displacement with 23?G soft?tip cannulas and disintegrate it, preventing the passage toward the branch directed to the macula. Restoration of retinal circulation was confirmed by fluorescein angiogram. The patient recovered his previous documented BCVA and visual field. The described technique can be considered as a new possibility for achieving a solution to cilioretinal artery occlusion or any other retinal artery occlusion

La enseñanza de la educación física: la narrativa de una futura docente / Ensinando educação física: a narrativa de uma futura professora / Teaching physical education: the narrative of a future teacher

Resumen El covid ha modificado la cotidianeidad de una estudiante de magisterio (en la mención de educación física), su forma de aprender y relación con las tecnologías. La metodologia será la cualitativa-narrativa, con el propósito de conocer y compreender el parecer de Pao. Mientras que los resultados evidencian su pasión por el fútbol sala feminino, además de mantener una alta estima a la educación como factor de transformación social y ve en las tecnologías un acicate para el cambio y mejora docente, para su autoformación y la necesidad de atender al currículo de manera más abierta y flexible. Ella presenta a la familia, como un valor para la educación de los menores, o la educación física, como una posibilidad para dar respuesta al sedentarismo o la obesidad.

Resumo Covid mudou a vida diária de uma professora estudante (na menção da educação física), sua maneira de aprender e sua relação com as tecnologias. A metodologia será qualitativa-narrativa, com o objetivo de conhecer e compreender a opinião de Pao. Os resultados mostram sua paixão pelo futsal feminino, bem como sua alta estima pela educação como fator de transformação social, e ela vê a tecnologia como um incentivo para a mudança e o aperfeiçoamento dos professores, para sua auto-formação e para a necessidade de lidar com o currículo de uma forma mais aberta e flexível. Ela apresenta a família como um valor para a educação das crianças, ou a educação física como uma possibilidade de responder a estilos de vida sedentários ou à obesidade..

Abstract Covid has changed the daily life of a student teacher (in the mention of physical education), her way of learning and her relationship with technologies. The methodology will be qualitative-narrative, with the purpose of knowing and understanding Pao's opinion. The results show her passion for women's indoor football, as well as her high esteem for education as a factor of social transformation, and she sees technology as an incentive for change and teacher improvement, for her self-training and the need to deal with the curriculum in a more open and flexible way. She presents the family as a value for the education of children, or physical education as a possibility to respond to sedentary lifestyles or obesity.

Variantes del SARS-CoV-2: epidemiología, fisiopatología y la importancia de las vacunas / SARS-CoV-2 variants: epidemiology, pathophysiology and the importance of vaccines

RESUMEN El SARS-CoV-2 es un virus ARN monocatenario de la familia de los coronavirus, causante de la COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019). Este virus es responsable de la pandemia actual que, desde su aparición a finales de 2019, ha provocado la muerte de millones de personas y ha tenido un impacto global no solo a nivel sanitario sino también económico y social. Por ello, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo revisar la información más actualizada sobre el SARS-CoV-2, empezando por describir los mecanismos de transmisión del virus, su fisiopatología y filogenética. Asimismo, presentará a las variantes emergentes del SARS-CoV-2, su relevancia para la salud pública local y global, su epidemiología en Perú, y finalmente, el rol y la importancia de las vacunas en este contexto.

ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus of the coronavirus family, which causes COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019). This virus is responsible for the current pandemic, which, since its emergence in late 2019, has caused millions of deaths and has had a global impact not only on public health but also on social and economic areas. Therefore, this article aims to review the most up-to-date information on SARS-CoV-2, beginning with the description of the pathophysiology and phylogenetics of the virus. Also, we will present the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, their relevance for local and global public health, their epidemiology in Peru, and finally, the role and importance of vaccines in this context.

Physicochemical properties and effect of bioceramic root canal filling for primary teeth on osteoblast biology

Abstract Bio-C Pulpecto (Bio-CP) was recently developed as the first bioceramic root filling material for primary teeth. Objective To evaluate the physicochemical properties of radiopacity, setting time, pH, cytocompatibility and potential of Bio-CP to induce mineralisation, compared with (1) Calen thickened with zinc oxide (Calen-ZO), and (2) zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE). Methodology Physicochemical properties were evaluated according to ISO 6876. Saos-2 (human osteoblast-like cell line) exposed to extracts of the materials were subjected to assays of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium, neutral red, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralised nodule production. The results were analysed using one-way or two-way ANOVA and Tukey's or Bonferroni's post-tests (α=0.05). Results All the materials showed radiopacity higher than 3 mm Al. Bio-CP had lower pH than Calen-ZO, but higher pH than ZOE. Calen-ZO and Bio-CP did not set. The setting time for ZOE was 110 min. The cytocompatibility order was Calen-ZO > Bio-CP > ZOE (1:2, 1:4 dilutions) and Calen-ZO > Bio-CP = ZOE (1:12, 1:24 dilutions) and Calen-ZO = Bio-CP > ZOE (1:32 dilution). Bio-CP induced greater ALP activity at 7 days, and greater mineralised nodule production, compared to Calen-ZO (p<0.05). Conclusions Bio-CP showed adequate physicochemical properties, cytocompatibility and potential to induce mineralisation.

Physicochemical properties of a bioceramic repair material - biomta

Abstract This study aimed to assess the physicochemical properties of a repair material in the Brazilian market, BioMTA, in comparison to other two materials currently in use (Biodentine and MTA Angelus). The initial setting time was evaluated using Gillmore needle. The pH was measured with a pH-meter after 24 h, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. The radiopacity was determined using the equivalence in millimeters of aluminum (mm Al) from digitized occlusal radiographs. Solubility was determined after immersion in water for 7 days. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (a=0.05). The BioMTA initial setting time (5.2 min) was lower than the other materials (p<0.05). All materials showed an alkaline pH at 21 days. At 24 h, BioMTA was the most alkaline material (p<0.05); and at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days there was no difference between BioMTA and Biodentine (p>0.05), both being more alkaline than MTA Angelus (p<0.05). The radiopacity of BioMTA (4.2 mm Al) was significantly higher compared to Biodentine (p<0.05) and lower than MTA Angelus (p<0.05). The solubility of the materials was -4.2%, -1.6% and 4.1% for BioMTA, MTA Angelus and Biodentine, respectively, with a significant difference between them (p<0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that BioMTA displayed a shorter setting time, an alkaline pH, a higher radiopacity, and a gain in mass.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas de um material reparador disponível no mercado brasileiro, BioMTA, em comparação com outros dois materiais atualmente em uso (Biodentine e MTA Angelus). O tempo de presa inicial foi avaliado usando a agulha de Gillmore. O pH foi medido com um pH-metro após 24 h, 3, 7, 14 e 21 dias. A radiopacidade foi determinada aplicando a equivalência em milímetros de alumínio (mm Al) de radiografias oclusais digitalizadas. A solubilidade foi determinada após imersão em água por 7 dias. Os dados foram analisados ​​por meio dos testes ANOVA de uma via e Tukey (a=0,05). O tempo de presa inicial do BioMTA (5,2 min) foi menor do que os outros materiais (p<0,05). Todos os materiais apresentaram pH alcalino aos 21 dias. Às 24 h, o BioMTA foi o material mais alcalino (p<0,05); e aos 3, 7, 14 e 21 dias não houve diferença entre BioMTA e Biodentine (p>0,05), sendo ambos mais alcalinos que MTA Angelus (p<0,05). A radiopacidade do BioMTA (4,2 mm Al) foi significativamente maior em comparação ao Biodentine (p<0,05) e menor que o MTA Angelus (p<0,05). A solubilidade dos materiais foi de -4,2%, -1,6% e 4,1% para BioMTA, MTA Angelus e Biodentine, respectivamente, havendo diferença significativa entre eles (p<0,05). Portanto, pode-se concluir que o BioMTA apresentou um menor tempo de presa, pH alcalino, uma alta radiopacidade e um ganho em massa.

Radiopacity of endodontic materials using two models for conversion to millimeters of aluminum

Abstract The aims of the present study were to compare conventional radiography, radiographs digitized with a scanner or photographic camera, and digital radiography, used to evaluate the radiopacity of endodontic materials, and to compare the accuracy of linear and quadratic models used to convert radiopacity values to equivalent millimeters of aluminum (mm Al). Specimens of AH Plus, Endofill, Biodentine and BioMTA materials (n = 8) were radiographed next to an aluminum step-wedge using radiographic films and digital radiography systems (FONA CMOS sensor, Kodak CMOS sensor and photosensitive phosphor plate-PSP). Conventional radiographs were digitized using a scanner or photographic digital camera. Digital images of all the radiographic systems were evaluated using dedicated software. Optical density units (ODU) of the specimens and the aluminum step-wedge were evaluated by a photo-densitometer (PTDM), used in conventional radiographs. The radiopacity in equivalent mm Al of the materials was determined by linear and quadratic models, and the coefficients of determination (R2) values were calculated for each model. Radiopacity of the materials ranged from -9% to 25% for digital systems and digitized radiographs, compared to the PTDM (p < 0.05). The R2 values of the quadratic model were higher than those of the linear model. In conclusion, the FONA CMOS sensor showed the lowest radiopacity variability of the methodologies used, compared with the PTDM, except for the BioMTA group (higher than PTDM). The quadratic model showed higher R2 values than the linear model, thus indicating better accuracy and possible adoption to evaluate the radiopacity of endodontic materials.

Linfangioma mesentérico en la edad pediátrica / Mesenteric Lynphangioma in the pediatric ages

Resumen Introducción: Dentro del espectro de las malformaciones congénitas con las cuales debe lidiar un cirujano pediatra, los tumores y malformaciones vasculares representan un grupo especial de entidades que continúan actualmente en estudio. Objetivo: Determinar las características clínicoquirúrgicas de una serie de dos casos con malformaciones de origen linfático. Presentacion de casos: Dos pacientes con edades pediátricas, 12 y 4 años, respectivamente, ingresaron en servicio de urgencia con signos de oclusión intestinal y lesiones tumorales quísticas abdominales que requirieron tratamiento quirúrgico con modalidades de técnicas quirúrgicas diferentes. La evolución final fue satisfactoria. Conclusión: Los linfagiomas intestinales forman parte de la gama de presentaciones clínicas de las malformaciones de origen linfático, con una incidencia baja pero que, dada su localización y síntomas, pueden requerir tratamiento quirúrgico de urgencia. Su evolución y resolución es satisfactoria, debido al bajo índice de recidiva tras la exéresis completa(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Within the range of congenital malfomations that surgeons have to deal with, vascular tumors and malformations represent an special group of entities that are still under study. Objective: To determine the clinical-surgical characteristics of a series of two cases with congenital malformations of lymphatic origin. Cases presentation: Two patients of 12 and 4 years old respectively that were admitted in the Emergencies services in the Clinical-Surgical Hospital of Guayaquil, Ecuador, with manifestations of intestinal obstruction and abdominal cystic tumoral lesions that required surgical treatments with different techniques. Final evolution was satisfactory. Conclusion: Intestinal lymphoangiomas are part of the kinds of clinical presentations of lymphatic origin´s malformations. These have a low incidence but due to their localization and symptoms can require emergency surgical treatment. Their evolution and resolution is satisfactory due to the low index of recidive after complete exeresis(AU)

Decellularization of human umbilical arteries / Descelularización de las arterias umbilicales humanas

SUMMARY: Arterial obstruction in small diameter (<6 mm) vessels are many times treated with grafts, however autologous aren't always available and synthetic have a high rate of complications. Decellularization of umbilical arteries may provide a solution, but the ideal method is debatable. We compare effectiveness between SDS and Triton X-100. Umbilical cords obtained from full term pregnancies with normal development and no evident complications in the newborn, were micro-dissected within 12 h and stored in phosphate buffered saline without freezing. Arteries were then processed for decellularization using 0.1 % and 1 % SDS, and 1 % Triton X100 protocols. Evaluation of cellular and nuclear material, collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and glycosoaminoglycans of the extracellular matrix (ECM) were evaluated as well as morphometric analysis under histological and immunohistochemical techniques. Triton X-100 was ineffective, preserving nuclear remains identified by immunofluorescence, had the most notable damage to elastic fibers, and decrease in collagen. SDS effectively eliminated the nuclei and had a less decrease in elastic fibers and collagen. Laminin was preserved in all groups. No significant differences were identified in luminal diameters; however the middle layer decreased due to decellularization of muscle cells. In conclusion, 0.1 % SDS decellularization was the most effective in eliminating cells and preserving the main components of the ECM.

RESUMEN: La obstrucción arterial en vasos de pequeño diámetro (<6 mm) se trata muchas veces con injertos, sin embargo, los autólogos no siempre están disponibles y los sintéticos tienen una alta tasa de complicaciones. La descelularización de las arterias umbilicales puede proporcionar una solución, pero el método ideal es discutible. Comparamos la efectividad entre los métodos SDS y Triton X-100. Cordones umbilicales obtenidos a partir de embarazos a término con evolución normal y sin complicaciones evidentes del recién nacido, se microdiseccionaron en 12 horas y se almacenaron en solución salina con fosfato sin congelación. Las arterias se procesaron luego para la descelularización usando los protocolos de SDS al 0,1 % y 1 %, y Triton X-100 al 1 %. Se realizó la evaluación de material celular y nuclear, fibras de colágeno, fibras elásticas y glucosoaminoglicanos de la matriz extracelular (MEC), así como el análisis morfométrico bajo técnicas histológicas e inmunohistoquímicas. Triton X-100 fue ineficaz, conservando los restos nucleares identificados por inmunofluorescencia, tuvo el daño más notable a las fibras elásticas y la disminución del colágeno. SDS efectivamente eliminó los núcleos y tuvo una disminución menor en las fibras elásticas y el colágeno. Laminina fue preservado en todos los grupos. No se identificaron diferencias significativas en los diámetros luminales; sin embargo, la capa media disminuyó debido a la descelularización de las células musculares. la descelularización con SDS al 0,1 % fue la más efectiva para eliminar células y preservar los principales componentes de la MEC.

Addition of zirconium oxide to Biodentine increases radiopacity and does not alter its physicochemical and biological properties

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the radiopacity of Biodentine (BD) and BD associated with 15% calcium tungstate (BDCaWO4) or zirconium oxide (BDZrO2), by using conventional and digital radiography systems, and their physicochemical and biological properties. Materials and Methods: Radiopacity was evaluated by taking radiographs of cement specimens (n=8) using occlusal film, photostimulable phosphor plates or digital sensors. Solubility, setting time, pH, cytocompatibility and osteogenic potential were also evaluated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-test or two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-test (α=0.05). Results: BD radiopacity was lower than 3 mm Al, while BD ZrO2 and BD CaWO4 radiopacity was higher than 3 mm Al in all radiography systems. The cements showed low solubility, except for BDCaWO4. All cements showed alkaline pH and setting time lower than 34 minutes. MTT and NR assays revealed that cements had greater or similar cytocompatibility in comparison with control. The ALP activity in all groups was similar or greater than the control. All cements induced greater production of mineralized nodules than control. Conclusions: Addition of 15% ZrO2 or CaWO4 was sufficient to increase the radiopacity of BD to values higher than 3 mm Al. BD associated with radiopacifiers showed suitable properties of setting time, pH and solubility, except for BDCaWO4, which showed the highest solubility. All cements had cytocompatibility and potential to induce mineralization in Saos-2 cells. The results showed that adding 15% ZrO2 increases the radiopacity of BD, allowing its radiography detection without altering its physicochemical and biological properties.

Criterios odontológicos en la identificación forense de subadultos / Dental criteria in the forensic identification of subadults

La identifi cación, estimación de edad y determinación de sexo son una compleja tarea para los antropólogos y odontólogos forenses. En restos óseos de personas desconocidas se deben tomar en cuenta estructuras óseas y dentales con el fi n de obtener elementos que permitan determinar de forma precisa y aproximada la identidad del sujeto. Cuando se encuentran restos óseos de niños, la estimación de edad y la determinación del sexo puede ser realizada de forma fi dedigna mediante elementos óseos craneomaxilofaciales y el tipo de dentición que éstos presenten. El objetivo del presente artículo es explicar los criterios bucales y dentomaxilares que pueden ser tomados en cuenta para la estimación de edad y la sexación de individuos subadultos en antropología y odontología forense (AU)

Identification, age estimation and sex determination are a complex task for forensic anthropologists and odontologists. In skeletal remains of unknown persons, bone and dental structures must be taken into account in order to obtain elements that allow determining in a precise and approximate way the identity of the subject. When skeletal remains of children are found, the estimation of age and the determination of sex can be carried out reliably by craniomaxillofacial bone elements and the type of dentition they present. The objective of the present article is to explain the oral and dentomaxillary criteria that can be taken into account for the estimation of age and sexation of sub-adult individuals in anthropology and forensic odontology (AU)

Desarrollo y estandarización de métodos de calibración para equipos utilizados en salud visual (queratómetros, lensómetros y tonómetros), implementados en el hospital universitario de san vicente fundación / Development and standardization of calibration methods for equipment used in visual health (keratometers, lensometers and tonometers), implemented in the hospital universitario de san vicente fundación / Desenvolvimento e estandardização de métodos de calibração para equipamentos utilizados em saúde visual (keratometômetros, lensômetros e tonômetros), implementados no hospital universitario san vicente fundación

Resumen En el campo de la salud visual se utilizan una serie de equipos que ayudan al diagnóstico de la patología del paciente, pero actualmente no existe un método de calibración estandarizado para asegurar las mediciones que se realizan con estos dispositivos. El objetivo era estandarizar métodos de calibración para algunos de los equipos utilizados en el campo de la salud visual como son: queratómetros, lensómetros y tonómetros. Para la calibración de los tres tipos de equipos incluidos en este desarrollo, se utilizaron métodos de comparación directa de la indicación con la magnitud de los patrones utilizados que tenían trazabilidad con laboratorios nacionales e internacionales acreditados bajo la Norma NTC-ISO/IEC 17025:2005. Las mediciones realizadas por cada uno de los técnicos a los diferentes tipos de equipos en condiciones de repetibilidad y utilizando el método adoptado, se hicieron estadísticamente con la herramienta Anova Simple de Statgraphics, arrojando resultados satisfactorios con un valor-P por encima de 0,05, igualmente se realizaron pruebas de exactitud, linealidad y robustez con resultados positivos. Los métodos adoptados fueron exitosamente validados y posteriormente estandarizados bajo la acreditación en la Norma NTC-ISO/IEC 17025:2005.

Abstract In the field of visual health a series of equipment are used to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of the patient's pathology. Urrently there is no standardized calibration method to ensure the measurements performed with these devices. The objective was to standardize calibration methods for some of the equipment used in the field of visual health such as keratometers, lensometers and tonometers. For the calibration of the three types of equipment included in this development, methods of direct comparison were used of the indication with the magnitude of the standards that had traceability with national and international laboratories accredited under the NTC-ISO / IEC 17025: 2005 standard. The measurements made by each of the technicians to the different types of equipment were done under repeatable conditions and using the adopted methods. Results were analyzed statistically with the simple Anova tool of Statgraphics, yielding satisfactory outcomes with a P-value above 0.05. Tests of accuracy, linearity and robustness were also performed with positive results. The adopted methods were successfully validated and later standardized under the accreditation in NTC-ISO / IEC 17025: 2005 standard.

Resumo No campo da saúde visual utilizam-se uma série de equipas que ajudam ao diagnóstico da patologia do paciente, mas, atualmente não existe um método de calibração padronizado para assegurar as medidas que se realizam com estes dispositivos. O objetivo foi estandardizar métodos de calibração para alguns das equipas utilizadas no campo da saúde visual como são: ceratômetro, lenteômetros e tonometros. Para a calibração dos três tipos de equipamentos incluídos neste desenvolvimento, utilizaram-se métodos de comparação direta da indicação com a magnitude dos padrões utilizados que tinham rastreabilidade com laboratórios nacionais e internacionais acreditados baixo a Norma NTC-ISO/IEC 17025:2005. As medidas realizadas por cada um dos técnicos aos diferentes tipos de equipamentos em condições de repetir-se e utilizando o método adoptado, se analisaram estatisticamente com a ferramenta anova simples de statgraphics, produzindo resultados satisfatórios com um valor-P acima de 0,05, igualmente se realizaram provas de exatidão linearidade e robustez com resultados positivos. Os métodos adoptados foram validados de maneira exitosa e posteriormente padronizados baixo a acreditação na Norma NTC-ISO/ IEC 17025:2005.

Linfoma gástrico no Hodgkin perforado / Perforated gastric non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Los linfomas son tumores sólidos del sistema linfático y se subdividen en linfomas de Hodgkin y no-Hodgkin. Los tumores no Hodgkin pueden originarse en tejidos no ganglionares como el tubo digestivo y son considerados primarios cuando el compromiso extranodal es igual o superior al 75% con relación al compromiso nodal. Los linfomas extranodales gastrointestinales representan del 1% al 4% de los tumores del tracto digestivo y del 10 al 15% de todos los linfomas no Hodgkin. El estómago es el sitio extranodal más común de los linfomas. Presentamos el caso clínico de un paciente varón sexagenario natural de Chiclayo que se realiza una endoscopía particular por síntomas inespecíficos de dispepsia y sólo se informa gastritis eritematosa y al ser admitido en nuestra institución se le diagnostica por endoscopía, marcadores bioquímicos y anatomopatología como un linfoma gástrico no Hodgkin perforado

Lymphomas are solid tumors of the lymphatic system and these are divided into Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin tumors may originate from non-nodal tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract and they are considered primary when extranodal involvement is equal to or greater than 75% according to the nodal involvement. Extranodal gastrointestinal lymphomas represent 1% to 4% of tumors of the digestive tract, and 10 to 15% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The stomach is the most common extranodal lymphomas site. We present the clinical case of a sexagenarian male natural of Chiclayo who had an upper GI endoscopy for non-specific symptoms of dyspepsia that only reports gastritis and when admitted to our institution is diagnosed by endoscopy, biochemical markers and pathology as a perforated gastric non-Hodgkin lynphoma

Leer la vida: una investigación desde la perspectiva narrativa / Reading life: research from the narrative perspective / Ler a vida: uma pesquisa a partir da perspectiva narrativa

La idea de leer la vida, leer el mundo, no es nueva. Pertenece al pedagogo brasileño Paulo Freire y ha sido el pretexto para iniciarnos en un recorrido investigativo introduciendo la perspectiva narrativa. Leer la vida, para comprenderla y darla a comprender. Dos consignas que queremos compartir con el lector‒escritor sin perder del horizonte la presencia y labor de la didáctica de la lengua y la literatura en este recorrido que incluye también las pantallas. Un texto humanizado, repleto de referencias a la pintura, la literatura (narrativa y poesía), al cine, a la filosofía, etc., pues qué es la vida, la lectura o la escritura sin esta conexión de entornos vitales.

The notion of reading the life, reading the world, it is not new. It is owned by Brazilian educator Paulo Freire and it is the base of an exploration of the narrative perspective. Reading life to understand it and make it to be understood. Two ideas that we want to share with the reader‒writer without forgetting the presence the didactics of language and literature in this journey that also include what we see on screens. This is a humanized text, filled with references to painting, literature (narrative and poetry), films, philosophy, as the authors ask what is life without connection to these vital settings?

A ideia de ler a vida, ler o mundo, não é nova. Pertence ao pedagogo brasileiro Paulo Freire e tem sido um pretexto para começarmos um percurso investigativo, introduzindo a perspectiva narrativa. Ler a vida, para compreendê‒la e para que seja compreendida. Gostaríamos de compartilhar dois aspectos com o leitor‒escritor, sem perder do horizonte a presença e o trabalho da didática da língua e da literatura neste caminhar, que se inclui também nos ecrãs. Um texto humanizado, cheio de referências à pintura, à literatura (narrativa e poesia), ao cinema, à filosofia, etc., pois o que é a vida, a leitura ou a escritura sem essa conexão de entornos vitais?