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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination in Fujian province.Methods Based on the hepatitis B immunization strategy of China,a cohort study was designed,involving the population in Fujian province.The population under study was divided into natural exposure birth cohort before 1992 and the immunization birth cohort after 1992 (including voluntary vaccination cohort and standardized vaccination cohort).By cleaning the database of hepatitis B cases which directly reported through network and looked into the incidence and related death outcomes of acute hepatitis B from 2004 to 2017,the incidence levels of hepatitis B and immunization effects were analyzed and evaluated among different birth cohorts.Results During the observation period,the overall prevalence of hepatitis B in Fujian province was 44.594 per 100 000,with mortality rate as 0.010 per 100 000.The incidence of natural exposure cohort of birth was 56.885 per 100 000.The incidence of voluntary vaccination cohort of birth was 14.502 per 100 000.Compared with the voluntary vaccination cohort,the risk of hepatitis B increased significantly in the natural exposed cohort (RR=3.923),and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.000 7),with attributable risk as 42.383 per 100 000.The attributable risk ratio was 74.507.The population attributable risk ratio was 70.967％.The population attributable risk was 35.448 per 100 000.The attributable rate in standardized vaccination cohorts born after 2002 was 2.336 per 100 000.Compared with the cohorts bom before 1992,the RR was 24.347 (P=0.000 0),the attributable risk was 54.549 per 100 000,and the attributable risk ratio was 95.893％,the population attributable risk ratio was 95.300％,the population attributable risk was 47.371 per 100 000,comparing to the natural exposed population.Conclusions The effectiveness of hepatitis B immunization program had been remarkable in Fujian province since 1992.However,further studies on the persistency of hepatitis B vaccine immunization and its public health significance still needed to be carried out.
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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination in Fujian province.Methods Based on the hepatitis B immunization strategy of China,a cohort study was designed,involving the population in Fujian province.The population under study was divided into natural exposure birth cohort before 1992 and the immunization birth cohort after 1992 (including voluntary vaccination cohort and standardized vaccination cohort).By cleaning the database of hepatitis B cases which directly reported through network and looked into the incidence and related death outcomes of acute hepatitis B from 2004 to 2017,the incidence levels of hepatitis B and immunization effects were analyzed and evaluated among different birth cohorts.Results During the observation period,the overall prevalence of hepatitis B in Fujian province was 44.594 per 100 000,with mortality rate as 0.010 per 100 000.The incidence of natural exposure cohort of birth was 56.885 per 100 000.The incidence of voluntary vaccination cohort of birth was 14.502 per 100 000.Compared with the voluntary vaccination cohort,the risk of hepatitis B increased significantly in the natural exposed cohort (RR=3.923),and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.000 7),with attributable risk as 42.383 per 100 000.The attributable risk ratio was 74.507.The population attributable risk ratio was 70.967％.The population attributable risk was 35.448 per 100 000.The attributable rate in standardized vaccination cohorts born after 2002 was 2.336 per 100 000.Compared with the cohorts bom before 1992,the RR was 24.347 (P=0.000 0),the attributable risk was 54.549 per 100 000,and the attributable risk ratio was 95.893％,the population attributable risk ratio was 95.300％,the population attributable risk was 47.371 per 100 000,comparing to the natural exposed population.Conclusions The effectiveness of hepatitis B immunization program had been remarkable in Fujian province since 1992.However,further studies on the persistency of hepatitis B vaccine immunization and its public health significance still needed to be carried out.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatial distribution of human brucellosis in Fujian province during 2011-2016,and provide evidence for the prevention and control of the disease.Methods The surveillance data of human brucellosis in Fujian during 2011-2016 was analyzed with software R 3.3.1,ArcGIS 10.3.1,GeoDa 1.8.8 and SaTScan 9.4.3.Results During 2011-2016,a total of 319 human brucellosis cases were reported,the incidence increased year by year (F=11.838,P=0.026) with the annual incidence of 0.14/100 000.The male to female rate ratio of the incidence was 2.50 ∶ 1.Farmers and herdsmen accounted for 57.37％.The incidence was 0.40/100 000 in Zhangzhou and 0.32/100 000 in Nanping,which were higher than other areas.The number of affected counties (district) increased from 12 in 2011 to 28 in 2016,showing a significant increase (F=13.447,P=0.021).The Moran' s I of brucellosis in Fujian between January 2011 and December 2016 was 0.045,indicating the presence of a high value or low value clustering areas.Local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that,high-high clustering area (hot spots) were distributed in Zhangpu,Longhai,Longwen,etc,while high-low clustering areas were distributed in Nan' an and Jiaocheng,etc.Temporal scanning showed that there were three clustering areas in areas with high incidence,the most possible clustering,occurring during January 1,2013-December 31,2015,covered 6 counties,including Yunxiao,Pinghe,Longhai,etc,and Zhangpu was the center,(RR =7.96,LLR=92.62,P＜0.001).Conclusions The epidemic of human brucellosis in Fujian is becoming serious,and has spread to general population and non-epidemic areas.It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of human brucellosis in areas at high risk.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatial distribution of human brucellosis in Fujian province during 2011-2016,and provide evidence for the prevention and control of the disease.Methods The surveillance data of human brucellosis in Fujian during 2011-2016 was analyzed with software R 3.3.1,ArcGIS 10.3.1,GeoDa 1.8.8 and SaTScan 9.4.3.Results During 2011-2016,a total of 319 human brucellosis cases were reported,the incidence increased year by year (F=11.838,P=0.026) with the annual incidence of 0.14/100 000.The male to female rate ratio of the incidence was 2.50 ∶ 1.Farmers and herdsmen accounted for 57.37％.The incidence was 0.40/100 000 in Zhangzhou and 0.32/100 000 in Nanping,which were higher than other areas.The number of affected counties (district) increased from 12 in 2011 to 28 in 2016,showing a significant increase (F=13.447,P=0.021).The Moran' s I of brucellosis in Fujian between January 2011 and December 2016 was 0.045,indicating the presence of a high value or low value clustering areas.Local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that,high-high clustering area (hot spots) were distributed in Zhangpu,Longhai,Longwen,etc,while high-low clustering areas were distributed in Nan' an and Jiaocheng,etc.Temporal scanning showed that there were three clustering areas in areas with high incidence,the most possible clustering,occurring during January 1,2013-December 31,2015,covered 6 counties,including Yunxiao,Pinghe,Longhai,etc,and Zhangpu was the center,(RR =7.96,LLR=92.62,P＜0.001).Conclusions The epidemic of human brucellosis in Fujian is becoming serious,and has spread to general population and non-epidemic areas.It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of human brucellosis in areas at high risk.
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Objective@#To make laboratorial diagnosis of imported yellow fever (YF) cases in Fujian province with molecular method .@*Methods@#Serum and urine samples were collected from suspected cases at various time-points post illness onset. Real-time RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR were performed respectively for viral specific nucleotide detection and fragment amplification. Sequencing and restrictive fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method were used to identify the wild virus infection.@*Results@#A total of five cases with wild yellow fever virus (YFV) infection were confirmed in this study. It revealed that the viral agent belonged to Angola-71 like YFV, and the duration of viral agent in urine was longer than that in serum.@*Conclusions@#Simultaneous detection of serum and urine samples would increase detection sensitivity, and further RFLP method contributed to rapid identification of wild YFV infection and exclusion of positive result due to recent vaccination.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>A Dengue outbreak was reported in Dongfen town Jianou county, Fujian province on September 19, 2014. The goal of this project was to explore the role of syndromic surveillance program in the practice of early detection on disease outbreak through the case mentioned above.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The authors retrospectively collected data related to Outpatient log and Pharmacy drug use in Dongfen township hospital through the electronic information system of the hospital from August to November, 2014. All the abnormal events were recorded, according to related data on fever and drug use. Description of fever, syndromic characteristics, correlation and Linear regression analyses were conducted, using the surveillance data on fever syndrome and drug use from the pharmacy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 1 102 cases with fever and 2 437 fever-related clinic visits were reported which showing an increased number of 19.6, 10.2 times respectively, when compared to the same period of the previous year in which men accounted for 45.3% (499/1 102) and female accounted for 54.7% (603/1 102). Age groups presented an atypical type " M" type. 5 and 10 year olds groups formed the largest proportion, accounted for 11.5% (127/1 102) of the total number os the patients. The correlation coefficient ranged from 0.85 to 0.97 (P<0.05). Data from the syndromic surveillance program showed an " outbreak" was occured in August 23, 2014.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared to routine surveillance program, the syndromic surveillance program could detect the appearence of an outbreak, a month or even more earlier. The role of syndromic surveillance program needs to be further explored.</p>
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Coleta de Dados , Dengue , Diagnóstico , Epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Prescrições de Medicamentos , Uso de Medicamentos , Diagnóstico Precoce , Febre , Sistemas de Informação em Saúde , Serviço de Farmácia Hospitalar , Vigilância da População , Métodos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Objective To clarify the source of infection of a student brucellosis case in Ningde City, make clear its influencing range as well as risk factors of transmission, then take measures to effectively control the epidemic.Methods Clue sampling was carried out, then the survey site village was chosen where the student case came from.①Fundamental state survey: resident population as well as the situation of livestock were collected.②Human outbreak investigation: detailed interview was carried out on the first case.Base on the principle of informed consent, serum samples were collected from breeders and those who had once contacted with sheep in order to detect brucellosis antibodies, then investigation was conducted on farmers to collect cognitive information;case searching was conducted by reviewing outpatient and inpatient records as well as government broadcasting.③Livestock epidemic: serum samples from some of the sheep were collected by agricultural sector.Results There were 200 households with 500 inhabitants in the survey site of Ningde City, among which there were 5 sheep feeding families and totally 154 sheep on hand.Patient was male, 12 years old, student.Sick on June 2nd, 2014,confirmed on July 5th.The patient's neighbor was a sheep farmer, he had once contacted with the sheep.Totally we collected 8 serum samples from livestock personnel, positive Brucella antibody was 4, with a positive rate 50％ (4/8);collected 15 serum samples from those contacted with sheep, positive Brucella antibody was 2, with a positive rate 13％ (2/15).Meanwhile, agricultural sector collected 17 sheep serum samples from these two sheep farms, among which there were 7 serum samples showing a positive Brucella antibodies, with a positive rate 41％ (7/17).After surveyed of 8 livestock breeding personnel and 15 livestock non-breeding personnel, we found that no one was familiar with the clinical characteristics and transmission of brucellosis.Conclusions The direct source of brucellosis infection is local infected sheep, general population has been involved in this epidemic.Brucellosis surveillance should be seriously carried out on both human and animal.Furthermore, improving the awareness of brucellosis among professionals as well as general population is eagerly needed and health education must be carried out immediately.
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The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) discovered in 2012 was caused by a novel coronavirus .With high mortality and severe acute respiratory syndrome ,the coronavirus had been named as the Middle East Respiratory Syn‐drome Coronavirus (MERS‐COV) .At present ,the disease occurred in the Middle East and spread to other countries aroused extensive attention all over the world .In this review ,we mainly focus on the research progress of MERS‐CoV about the epide‐miological characteristics ,clinical treatment and global response situation ,providing advices and references of preventing and controlling effectively for M ERS in the future .
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Objective To explore the recurrent epidemiological characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease (HFMD) among children aged <4 years to provide evidence for HFMD prevention and control. Methods Principles on historical cohort study were followed when analyzing data related to HFMD surveillance in Fujian province. All the research objects were restricted to patients aged<4,with HFMD and who were permanent residents in Fujian province. Characteristics of the study objects were extracted as potential factors when the patients first showed symptoms of HFMD. These factors might cause the recurrence of HFMD and were filtered by the logistic stepwise regression with SAS 9.0. Results A total of 82 949 children were included. Among them,2 612 had repetitiously suffered from HFMD (occupied 3.15%),including 2 510 who had the histories of suffering twice,98 suffering three times,3 suffering four times,and 1 even suffering five times. Comparing with the objects who had the first onset at the age of 3,also with the risk increased to 4.39 (95%CI:3.80-5.07)times,when compared to those who had the first onset at the age below 2. Again, the risk among children whose first onset was at the age of 2 had increased to 2.73 (95%CI:2.35-3.18)times. According to the current residents areas,the morbidities of patients under 6 years old were below 2%when the symptoms first started,but the risk of the objects whose morbidities were higher than 4%,had increased 2.15(95%CI:1.88-2.45) times. Again,risk of the objects whose morbidities were between 3%and 4%had increased to 2.10(95%CI:1.85-2.38)times. Among those whose specific morbidities were between 2% and 3%,the risk had increased to 1.65(95%CI:1.44-1.89) times. Comparing with the objects who never visited any maternal/child care settings when started the first onset,the risk among the ones who had been to the maternal/child care settings, had increased to 1.64(95%CI:1.51-1.78)times. Boys had the risk 1.34(95%CI:1.23-1.46)times increase than girls. The preponderant pathogen causing HFMD recurrence was EV71 (33/60). Recurrence might cause more severe symptoms or signs (8/2 612). Pathogens causing the initial infection and recurrence might both belonged to the same-EV71(3/6). Conclusion Recurrence of the disease were closely related to the opportunities of contacting the pathogens. Interventions should be imposed on patients in time as soon as the disease initiated,especially at the younger age.
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Objective To explore the recurrent epidemiological characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease (HFMD) among children aged <4 years to provide evidence for HFMD prevention and control. Methods Principles on historical cohort study were followed when analyzing data related to HFMD surveillance in Fujian province. All the research objects were restricted to patients aged<4,with HFMD and who were permanent residents in Fujian province. Characteristics of the study objects were extracted as potential factors when the patients first showed symptoms of HFMD. These factors might cause the recurrence of HFMD and were filtered by the logistic stepwise regression with SAS 9.0. Results A total of 82 949 children were included. Among them,2 612 had repetitiously suffered from HFMD (occupied 3.15%),including 2 510 who had the histories of suffering twice,98 suffering three times,3 suffering four times,and 1 even suffering five times. Comparing with the objects who had the first onset at the age of 3,also with the risk increased to 4.39 (95%CI:3.80-5.07)times,when compared to those who had the first onset at the age below 2. Again, the risk among children whose first onset was at the age of 2 had increased to 2.73 (95%CI:2.35-3.18)times. According to the current residents areas,the morbidities of patients under 6 years old were below 2%when the symptoms first started,but the risk of the objects whose morbidities were higher than 4%,had increased 2.15(95%CI:1.88-2.45) times. Again,risk of the objects whose morbidities were between 3%and 4%had increased to 2.10(95%CI:1.85-2.38)times. Among those whose specific morbidities were between 2% and 3%,the risk had increased to 1.65(95%CI:1.44-1.89) times. Comparing with the objects who never visited any maternal/child care settings when started the first onset,the risk among the ones who had been to the maternal/child care settings, had increased to 1.64(95%CI:1.51-1.78)times. Boys had the risk 1.34(95%CI:1.23-1.46)times increase than girls. The preponderant pathogen causing HFMD recurrence was EV71 (33/60). Recurrence might cause more severe symptoms or signs (8/2 612). Pathogens causing the initial infection and recurrence might both belonged to the same-EV71(3/6). Conclusion Recurrence of the disease were closely related to the opportunities of contacting the pathogens. Interventions should be imposed on patients in time as soon as the disease initiated,especially at the younger age.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the recurrent epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) among children aged <4 years to provide evidence for HFMD prevention and control.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Principles on historical cohort study were followed when analyzing data related to HFMD surveillance in Fujian province. All the research objects were restricted to patients aged <4, with HFMD and who were permanent residents in Fujian province. Characteristics of the study objects were extracted as potential factors when the patients first showed symptoms of HFMD. These factors might cause the recurrence of HFMD and were filtered by the logistic stepwise regression with SAS 9.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 82 949 children were included. Among them, 2 612 had repetitiously suffered from HFMD(occupied 3.15%), including 2 510 who had the histories of suffering twice, 98 suffering three times, 3 suffering four times, and 1 even suffering five times. Comparing with the objects who had the first onset at the age of 3, also with the risk increased to 4.39 (95%CI:3.80-5.07) times, when compared to those who had the first onset at the age below 2. Again, the risk among children whose first onset was at the age of 2 had increased to 2.73 (95% CI: 2.35-3.18) times. According to the current residents areas, the morbidities of patients under 6 years old were below 2% when the symptoms first started, but the risk of the objects whose morbidities were higher than 4% , had increased 2.15(95% CI:1.88-2.45)times. Again, risk of the objects whose morbidities were between 3% and 4% had increased to 2.10 (95%CI:1.85-2.38) times. Among those whose specific morbidities were between 2% and 3% , the risk had increased to 1.65 (95% CI: 1.44-1.89) times. Comparing with the objects who never visited any maternal/child care settings when started the first onset, the risk among the ones who had been to the maternal/child care settings, had increased to 1.64 (95% CI:1.51-1.78) times. Boys had the risk 1.34 (95% CI:1.23-1.46)times increase than girls. The preponderant pathogen causing HFMD recurrence was EV71 (33/60). Recurrence might cause more severe symptoms or signs (8/2 612). Pathogens causing the initial infection and recurrence might both belonged to the same-EV71 (3/6).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Recurrence of the disease were closely related to the opportunities of contacting the pathogens. Interventions should be imposed on patients in time as soon as the disease initiated, especially at the younger age.</p>